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they were also "disadvantaged" by racial discrimination.
Why did some Chinese citizens qualify for benefits?
language
What is another way "Coloureds" can be distinguished from "Blacks"?
Afrikaans or English
What languages are most common?
Zulu or Xhosa
What are less common languages spoken?
European-sounding names
What types of names do "coloureds" have?
Bantu names
What type of names do "blacks" have?
10 to 18 million
How many sub-Saharan Black Africans were enslaved?
between the advent of Islam in 650CE and the abolition of slavery in the Arabian Peninsula in the mid-20th century
In what time frame were these people enslaved?
Arab slave traders
Who enslaved these people?
for them to serve as concubines
Why were women slaves more popular?
The mixed-race children of female slaves and Arab owners
Who was assimilated into the Arab slave owner families?
average of 38%
How many people in Yemen have African lineage?
16%
How many people in Oman-Qatar have African lineage?
10%
How many people in Saudi Arabia-United Arab Emirates have African lineage?
African female-mediated gene
Genetic studies have found which gene in Arab communities?
African-Iraquis
Who is seeking minority status from the government?
Parliament
Where would they be represented if minority status is granted?
as Arab
How are Africans classified in the Arabian Peninsula?
Distinctive and self-identified black communities
What types of communities have been reported in Iraq?
Alamin M. Mazrui et al.
Who gave information on how blacks were classified in the Arabian Peninsula?
About 150,000
How many East African and black people live in Israel?
just over 2%
What percent of Israel's population is black?
during the 1980s and 1990s
When did they migrate to Israel?
Ethiopia.
Where did they migrate from?
the United Kingdom, Canada, and the United States.
Where are most of the black converts from?
around 60,000
How many non-jewish African immigrants live in Israel?
asylum
What have these immigrants sought?
Sudan and Eritrea
Where are most of them from?
Niger-Congo
What languages do they speak?
southern Nuba Mountains
Where are the non jewish immigrants from?
during the period of the Ottoman Empire
When did the slave trade begin?
Antalya and Istanbul in present-day Turkey
Where were the slaves brought?
İzmir area
Where did former slaves go for work once freed?
1923
What year did they begin to migrate to Izmir?
an ethnic group inhabiting India and Pakistan
Who are the Siddi?
Bantu peoples from Southeast Africa
Who did the Siddi descend from?
"Sayyid"
What does the word "Siddi" derive from?
the title borne by the captains of the Arab vessels that first brought Siddi settlers to the area
Where does the term Sayyid come from?
1960s
When was the "black power" movement in Sindh?
The Negritos
Who were the first inhabitants of Southeast Asia?
Thailand, the Malay Archipelago, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
Where do the Negritos reside currently?
"little black people"
What does Negrito mean?
Spanish
What language does the term Negrito come from?
Semang
What term is interchangable with Negrito?
Muslims
What does the term "Moors" refer to?
Arab or Berber descent
What descent of Muslims does "Moors" refer to?
Muslim Arabs, Berbers, Black Africans and Europeans
In Medieval and early Modern Europe what ethnicity were lumped together?
North Africa or Iberia
Where did "Moors" migrate from?
derogatory
What kind of term is "Moors"?
Isidore of Seville
Who claimed that Maurus was derived from the Greek mauron?
7th century,
When was this claim made?
black
What does mauron mean?
Etymologies
What is the compilation of Isidore of Seville's work called?
Moors
What was "Black by definition"?
Spanish nationals of West/Central African descent
What are Afro-Spaniards?
Angola, Brazil, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Nigeria and Senegal
Where do Afro-Spaniards come from?
Equatorial Guinea
Which Spanish colony do Afro-Spaniards reside?
an estimated 683,000
How many Afro-Spaniards currently live in Spain?
over a million black
In 2001 how many black people lived in the UK?
1%
What percentage of the population was "Black Caribbean"?
0.8%
What percentage of the population was "Black African"?
0.2%
What percentage of the population was "Black other"?
after World War II
When did Britain encourage immigration of workers?
1960s
When did African states become independent?
Soviet Union
Who offered many Africans a chance to study in their country?
about 400,000
How many students moved from Africa to Russia?
to pursue higher studies
Why did students move to Russia?
Eastern bloc.
Migration to Russia continued into many countries where?
in the Balkans
Where did the Ottoman slave trade flourish?
Ulcinj
What town had it's own black community?
Montenegro
What country is Ulcinj in?
100
How many black people lived in Ulcinj until 1878?
an estimated 30,000
How many blacks served in the Ottoman Army during the Austro-Turkish War of 1716-18?
Indigenous Australians
Who has been referred to as "black people"?
skin colour
What was the original term related to?
since the early days of European settlement
Since when have Indigenous Australians been referred to as black?
to indicate Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander ancestry
What does the term relate to know in reference to Australians?
Aboriginal Protection Boards
What was established to control the Indigenous Australians?
where they lived, their employment, marriage, education and included the power to separate children from their parents.
What did the Aboriginal Protection Boards control?
Aborigines were not allowed to vote
Were Aborigines allowed to vote?
Sir Baldwin Spencer
Who reported how the Aborigines were treated?
1913
What year was his report from?
mixed-race people
Which race was growing faster after the First World War?
"half-caste menace"
What did people fear in 1930?
the White Australia ideal
What did this menace undermine?
Dr. Cecil Cook
Who noted this particular fear?
the Northern Territory Protector of Natives,
Who is Dr. Cecil Cook?
"half-caste" individuals
Who did the government want raised as white?
Eliminate the full-blood and permit the white admixture to half-castes and eventually the race will become white"
What was the goal of removing mixed races from their homes?
speaking their native language and practising traditional customs
What were the mixed race individuals kept from doing?
the Stolen Generation
What was this process referred to?
The second half of the 20th century
When did human rights for Aboriginal people begin to improve?
1967
What year was constitutional discrimination ended?
to include Aborigines in the national census.
What else was included in the 1967 referendum?
"black"
What term was embraced during this period?
Activist Bob Maza
Who said the Aboriginal people started to embrace their ancestry?
Kevin Gilbert
Who wrote "Living Black?
1978
What year was Gilbert awarded for his efforts?
a collection of Aboriginal people's stories
What was Living Black about?
the Human Rights Award for Literature
What award did Gilbert refuse in 1998?