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Occultation
What has happened to some of the Shia tariqahs last Imams?
Shia Nizari Ismailis
Who deny the concept of Occulation?
present and living
What kind of Imam do Shia Nizari Ismailis have?
come to an end
What would happen to the Nizari Ismaili if the Imam fails to leave a successor?
seven
How many great prophets has Allah sent?
Nātıq
What are the seven great prophets known as?
disseminate and improve his Dīn of Islam
What are the seven great prophets supposed to do?
Sāmad (Silent) Imām
What is the great prophets assistant called?
the "Shia"
In Shia tariqah, what are the Twelvers commonly known as?
Ismailis
What are the Nizari Ismailis more commonly known as?
Bohras
What are the Mustalian Ismailis commonly known as?
The Shia Sevener
Which tariqah no longer exists?
Zaidi Shias
Which tariah is known as the Fivers?
via deputies
How did al-Mahdi maintain contact during his Occultation?
acted as agents between him and his followers
How did deputies represent al-Mahdi?
write their concerns and send them to his deputy
What would believers do when they had a problem?
seal and signature
What would the deputy endorse the concerns with?
zakat and khums
What did the deputies collect in the Imam's behalf?
living imams
How do Ismailis differ from Twelvers?
Isma'il ibn Jafar
Who is the elder brother of Musa al-Kadhim?
Ja'far al-Sadiq
Who is the father of Isma'il ibn Jafar?
mantle of the imamate
What did Imam Ismail pass on to his son?
Bohras/Dawoodi Bohra
What are the Mustali Ismaili Shia Muslims also known as?
went into a Dawr-e-Satr
What do Bohras believe happened to Taiyab abi al-qasim?
Dai-al-Mutlaq
Who are the Bohras led by in the absence of an imam?
manages the affairs of the Imam
What does a Dai-al-Mutlaq do?
Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin
Who is Dawoodi Bohra's present 53rd Da'i al-Butlaq?
Muhammad
Who do Muslims believe said "To whomsoever I am Mawla, Ali is his Mawla?
45
How many books can this quote be found?
the word 'Mawla'
What is the point of conflict between Sunni and Shia?
beloved
What does the work Mawla mean to Sunnies?
Lord and Master
What does the word Mawla mean to Shia?
2:124
By what Quran verse to Shias believe that Imamah is a divine position?
no age can be without an Imam
What does the Quran verse 17:71 say?
God
Imamah is a position appointed by who?
divine protection
What is an Imam protected by?
Imam
Who knows everything that is needed to get to the truth and goal?
Hussayn ibn 'Alī
Who was the brother of Hassan ibn 'Ali?
son
Usually, how has each Imam been related to the previous Imam?
Genesis 17:19–20
What bible verse do Shia use to support their belief of succession?
the northern hemisphere
Where does migration mainly occur?
availability of food
Why do birds primarily migrate?
Many species
Which birds migrate?
the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds
What is bird migration?
humans
What is a cause of death to birds during migration?
3,000 years ago
When was migration first recorded?
Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job
Who recorded the earliest records of migration?
Finland
Where was Johannes Leche from?
storks, turtle doves, and swallows
Which species of birds were recorded 3,000 years ago?
habitat destruction
What is a major threat to migratory birds?
The Arctic tern
Which birds migrate the furthest?
between Arctic breeding grounds and the Antarctic
Where does the Arctic tern migrate each year?
between their northern breeding grounds and the southern ocean
Where do Manx shearwaters migrate?
albatrosses
which bird migrates by circling the earth?
altitudinal migrations on mountains such as the Andes and Himalayas
What is an example of a shorter migration?
changes in day length
What causes the timing of migration?
celestial cues from the sun and stars
How do migrating birds navigate?
the earth's magnetic field
How else to migrating birds navigate?
mental maps
What might help migrating birds navigate?
Ancient Greek writers
Who recorded early records of migration?
the Book of Job (39:26)
Where in the bible does it mention migration?
hawk
What bird is mentioned in the book of Job?
Aristotle
Who noted that cranes traveled from Scythia to the Nile?
Pliny the Elder
Who repeats Aristotle's observations?
in his Historia Naturalis
Where did Pliny the Elder repeat Aristotle's observations?
cranes
What kind of bird did Aristotle and Pliny the Elder write about?
swallows
Which bird did Aristotle believe hibernated?
1878
Until what year did the belief of hibernating birds persist?
Elliott Coues
Who wrote 182 papers dealing with the hibernation of swallows?
Gilbert White
Who wrote "The Natural History of Selborne"?
the end of the eighteenth century
When was migration finally accepted?
Thomas Bewick
Who wrote A History of British Birds?
1797
What year was Thomas Bewick's book published?
between the islands of Minorca and Majorca
Where were Swallows seen flying?
northward
Which directions were the Swallows flying?
Bewick
Who describes an experiment with swallows?
Britain
Where did this experiment take place?
they remained warm and dry through the winters
How did the experiment succeed?
several years
How long did the birds stay alive?
response to changes in food availability, habitat, or weather
Why do birds migrate?
resident or sedentary
What are non=migratory birds called?
10,000
How many species of birds are there?
1800
How many bird species are long distance migrants?
north and south
Which direction do birds primarily migrate?
a flyway
Along where do many birds migrate?
south
What is the most common directionof migration in autumn?
flying north
What is the most common pattern of migration in the spring?
to breed
Why do the birds fly north?
food
What is the primary motivation for migration?
hummingbirds
Which birds will not migrate if they are well fed through winter?
autumn
When do the birds return to warmer regions?
time for breeding birds to feed their young.
what do the longer days of summer provide the birds?
larger clutches
What do diurnal birds produce as opposed to non migratory species?
Predation
What is hightened during migration?
Mediterranean islands
Where do Eleonora's falcon breed?
southbound passerine migrants
What do Eleonora's falcon feed their young?
the greater noctule bat
What preys on nocturnal passerine migrants?
higher concentrations of migrating birds
What makes birds prone to parasites and pathogens?
not all populations may be migratory
What is partial migration?
the southern continents
Where is partial migration most common?