answer stringlengths 1 239 ⌀ | question stringlengths 1 25.7k |
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endogenous programs as well as learning | How do birds navigate and orient themselves during migration? |
migration | What is a primitive trait present even in non migrating birds? |
The ability to navigate | What is a complex phenomenon in regards to migration? |
changes in the day length | What is the primary cue for migration? |
higher activity | How do birds act in the period before migration? |
migratory restlessness | What does Zugunruhe mean in English? |
preferential flight direction | What do caged birds display that corresponds with migratory direction in nature? |
the same time their wild conspecifics change course | When do caged birds change their preferential direction? |
protandry | What is it called when males return earlier to the breeding sites than females? |
males tend to return earlier to the breeding sites | What happens in polygynous species with sexual dimophism? |
sexual dimorphism | Why do males in polygynous species return before the females? |
a variety of senses | What is navigation based on? |
sun | What do many birds use as a compass? |
the need for making compensation based on the time | What does using the sun for direction involve? |
use visual landmarks | What else is navigation based on? |
the ability to detect magnetic fields | What is magnetoception? |
as young birds | When do long distance migrants disperse? |
potential breeding sites | What do young birds form attachments to? |
wintering sites | What else do young birds form attachments to? |
they show high site-fidelity | What happens when the site attachment is made? |
the same wintering sites year after year | Where do migrating birds visit? |
making corrections for wind drift | What are older migrating birds better at? |
Satellite | How was the migrating of ospretys and honey buzzards tracked? |
recognize habitats and form mental maps | What do the birds do to successfully perform long distance migration? |
ospreys and honey buzzards | What are examples of day migrating raptors? |
one that is entirely innate and another that relies on experience | What two electromagnetic tools do birds use to find their destinations? |
between the eye and "Cluster N" | Where is the neural connection that is active during migration located? |
the part of the forebrain that is active during migrational orientation | What is Cluster N? |
a boy scout with a compass but no map | What is a young bird on it's first migration compared to? |
let it know when it has reached its destination | How does the magnetic field help the bird at different latitudes? |
flying past their destinations | How can migrating birds lose their way? |
spring overshoot | What is flying past their destinations called? |
Point Pelee National Park | What location has become famous for bird overshooters? |
Spurn in England | What other location is famous for spring overshoot? |
further north than intended | Where do bird overshooters end up? |
Reverse migration | What is it called when the genetic programing of young birds fail? |
where the genetic programming of young birds fails to work properly | What is reverse migration? |
rarities turning up as vagrants thousands of kilometres out of range | What does reverse migration lead to? |
thousands of kilometres | How far out of range can rarities get? |
abmigration | What is it called when birds from one region join birds from a different region? |
waterfowl | What kind of bird is most likely to abmigrate? |
the new population | Who do abmigrating birds return with? |
to teach a migration route to a flock of birds | What is a re-introduction scheme? |
microlight aircraft | What did they use to teach birds a migration route? |
whooping cranes | Which birds did they reintroduce to the US? |
Canada geese | Which birds did they use as a trial run? |
their metabolism | What do birds need to change to meet the demands of migration? |
usually once a year | How often do birds molt? |
through the accumulation of fat and the control of sleep | How do birds store energy? |
feathers of a bird suffer from wear-and-tear | Why do birds need to molt? |
varies with some species | When do birds molt? |
independently | How was migration developed? |
Migration in birds | What is highly labile? |
genetic control | What causes the behavioral adaptations necessary for migration? |
genetic framework for migratory behavior | What exists in nearly all avian lineages? |
20% | What percentage increase in flight distance will often be adaptive? |
a bird that loads itself with food | What kind of bird flies less efficiently? |
Swainson's thrush | What type of bird show circuitous migratory routes? |
far east across North America | Where do Swainson's thrush fly from? |
climatic changes | What is expected to have an effect on migration timing? |
timing changes in migration | What have studies shown regarding climate change? |
breeding as well as population variations | What else is climate change been shown to change? |
ectoparasites such as ticks and lice | What other species does migration help? |
import of pet and domestic birds | What is a greater threat of disease transmission? |
bird migration | What has been studied as a mechanism of disease transmission? |
Birds | What has a role in the dispersal of propagules of plants and plankton? |
West Nile Virus | What virus is maintained in birds without lethal effects? |
Greater noctule bats | Who takes advantage of migrating birds? |
nocturnal migrating passerines | What do greater noctule bats feed on? |
migrating waders | What do some birds of prey specialize on? |
marking | What is the oldest way to study migration? |
a nick on the beak | How have swans been marked? |
Hans Christian Cornelius Mortensen | Who was scientific ringing pioneered by? |
1560 | Since when have swans been marked? |
radar and satellite tracking | What are other forms of studying migration? |
the Emlen funnel | How are orientation behavior studies traditionally carried out? |
circular | What shape is the cage in the Emlen funnel? |
The orientation behaviour | What is studied quantitatively inside the cage? |
marks | What does the bird leave on the walls of the cage? |
on the horizon | Where does the homing pigeon vanish? |
Hunting along migration routes | What threatens some bird species? |
Siberian cranes | What species declined due to hunting in Afghanistand and Asia? |
2002 | When were birds last seen in Keoladeo National Park? |
migratory birds | What can power lines, wind farms and oil rigs affect? |
pollution, storms, wildfires, and habitat destruction | What are other migration hazards? |
Absecon Island | What is the name of the island on which Atlantic City is located? |
1854 | In what year was Atlantic City incorporated? |
Egg Harbor Township and Galloway Township | What are the names of the two townships that became part of Atlantic City when it was incorporated? |
Absecon, Brigantine, Pleasantville, Ventnor City and West Atlantic City | How many other towns share a border with Atlantic City? |
Atlantic | Which coast is Atlantic City located on? |
The Belloe House | What is the name of the first commercial hotel built in Atlantic City? |
1853 | In what year was the first commercial hotel built in Atlantic City? |
Massachusetts and Atlantic Avenue | What are the names of the two avenues at which The Belloe House is located? |
marshlands and islands | What are the two geographical features that Atlantic City is located between? |
prime real estate and a potential resort town | What were the two potential aspects of Atlantic City that originally attracted developers? |
Philadelphia | What other US city was linked to Atlantic City by the Camden and Atlantic Railroad train service? |
500,000 | By 1874, how many passengers were coming to Atlantic City by rail each year? |
Absecon Lighthouse | What is the name of the lighthouse that is located on the Atlantic City coast? |
Nelson Johnson | Who is considered to be "Atlantic City's Godfather?" |
1870 | In what year was the first boardwalk built in Atlantic City? |
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