answer stringlengths 1 239 ⌀ | question stringlengths 1 25.7k |
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Bally's, Caesars and Harrah's | What are the names of the three remaining Caesars Entertainment properties? |
Chapter 11 | What type of bankruptcy did Caesars Entertainment file for? |
2015 | What year did Caesars Entertainment file for bankruptcy? |
casino operating unit | Which unit of Caesars Entertainment filed for bankruptcy in 2015? |
Historic Atlantic City Convention Hall | What was Boardwalk Hall formerly known as? |
an arena | What is the Boardwalk Hall? |
1997 | In what year did the newer Atlantic City Convention Center open? |
500,000 sq ft | How many sq ft of showroom space is included in the Atlantic City Convention Center? |
Sheraton hotel | What hotel is adjacent to the Atlantic City Convention Center? |
Monopoly City | What is Atlantic City sometimes referred to? |
Monopoly | The names of many properties near Atlantic City are used in which popular board game? |
Ruth Hoskins | Who learned the game of Monopoly and took it to Atlantic City? |
Indianapolis | What location was originally featured in the Monopoly game? |
a group of local Quakers | Who did Ruth Hoskins teach the game of Monopoly to? |
Marvin Gardens | What popular property in Monopoly was actually a misspelling? |
Marven Gardens | What is the name of the original property that Marvin Gardens takes its name from? |
Charles Darrow | Whose game did Parker Brothers model the board game after? |
1995 | In what year did Parker Brothers acknowledge and apologize for a spelling error in the game? |
Charles Darrow | Who copied Charles Todd's Monopoly board? |
immune systems in all organisms | In general, what does immunology study? |
both health and diseases | Immunology studies the functioning of the immune system in which two states of being? |
autoimmune diseases, hypersensitivities, immune deficiency, and transplant rejection | Name three types of immunological disorders? |
in vitro, in situ, and in vivo | Immunology studies the immune system in which three stages of existence? |
organ transplantation, oncology, virology, bacteriology, parasitology, psychiatry, and dermatology | What disciplines in medicine have particularly strong immunology applications? |
exempt | The term immunology is derived from a Latin word that means what? |
thymus and bone marrow, and chief lymphatic tissues such as spleen, tonsils, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, adenoids, and liver | What are the major organs of the immune system? |
early physicians | Who originally discovered these parts of the immune system? |
surgically excised for examination while patients are still alive | How do physicians study a patient's immune system organs in emergency situations? |
thymus, spleen, bone marrow, lymph nodes and other lymphatic tissues | Which portions of the immune system can be safely removed in these emergency cases? |
typically cellular in nature | The structure of immune system components can be described as what? |
not associated with any specific organ | Are immune tissues typically fixed with specific organs usually? |
embedded | What is one way the cellular structures of the immune system are housed in the body? |
circulating | What is another way these tissues are housed within the body? |
epidemiology and medicine | Which two fields of study are associated with immunology? |
the body systems, pathogens, and immunity | Immunology studies how which three areas impact one another? |
430 BCE | When was the first written mention of immunity as it pertains to the body? |
Thucydides | Which Greek historian made that notation? |
19th and 20th centuries | When did immunology start to become codified as a scientific theory? |
innate immune system | What is the basic, primitive part of the immune system known as? |
acquired or adaptive immune system | Vertebrates also have what type of immune system component? |
humoral (or antibody) | What is one type of adaptive immune system component? |
cell-mediated | Name the other type of adaptive immune system component? |
molecular and cellular components | The total immune system is generally composed of what types of structures? |
antibodies and antigens | Humoral immunology involves the interaction of what two elements? |
specific proteins | What are antibodies comprised of? |
B lymphocytes | What cells produce antibodies? |
"anti"body "gen"erators | The term "antigen" is rooted in what two words? |
cellular response | Immunology is the study of what type of responses to antibodies and antigens? |
research | In the field of immunology, what aspect is becoming more specialized? |
non-classical models of immunity | What new areas are immunologists studying with more frequency? |
cells, organs and systems | The latest research into newer aspects of immunology is focused on what three elements of the body? |
not previously associated with the immune system | These three elements of the body are of new interest for what reason? |
Clinical immunology | The study of diseases caused by immune system disorders is called? |
failure, aberrant action, and malignant growth | What are three problems of the immune system studied by clinical immunology? |
cellular elements | Where can these three elements occur in the immune system? |
diseases of other systems | What else does clinical immunology concern itself with? |
immune reactions play a part in the pathology and clinical features | Why does clinical immunology extend to those areas? |
hypersensitivities | What is a type of immune system disorder? |
asthma and other allergies | What are some examples of hypersensitivities? |
respond inappropriately to otherwise harmless compounds. | What characterizes a hypersensitivity? |
AIDS | What is the most famous immune system disease? |
an immunodeficiency | What kind of disease is AIDS? |
CD4+ ("helper") T cells, dendritic cells and macrophages | Which types of cells are suppressed by AIDS? |
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) | What virus specifically suppresses those cells? |
person's age, antigen type, maternal factors and the area | What are the four factors that determine how the body reacts to an antigen? |
low virulence organisms like Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas | Newborns are particularly susceptible to infections caused by? |
phagocytic | What activity is also greatly reduced in newborn infants? |
both their innate and adaptive immunological responses are greatly suppressed | Why are newborns described as being physiologically immunodeficient? |
activate T cells | Antigen cells in newborns are also struggle to do this? |
Maternal factors | In babies, what is another element impacting immune response? |
breast milk | Newborns can acquire antibodies from the mother through what means? |
up to 18 months | For how long do these antibodies have an effect on infants? |
glycoproteins | At 6 to 9 months, an infant's immune system begins to respond to which proteins? |
distinct time frames found in vaccination schedules | The difference in responses in infant immune systems is the cause of what? |
hormones | What is the primary trigger for immunological changes in teens? |
17-β-oestradiol (an oestrogen) | What specific hormone catalyzes these changes in females? |
testosterone | Which specific hormone precipitates the change in immunology in males? |
increased risk in developing pubescent and post-pubescent autoimmunity | Adolescent immunological changes can also result in what? |
detect sex hormones in the system | Evidence suggests that receptors on B cells may do what? |
strongly experimental | The routine practice of immunology can best be characterized as? |
"cellular" and "humoral" | What are two opposing theories of early 20th century immunology? |
phagocytes | Cellular immunology expressed the theory that what cells caused immune responses? |
soluble components (molecules) | Humoral immunology theorized that the origin of the immune system lay in what? |
the organism’s “humors” | Rather than cells, in humoral immunology where did the molecules that cause immune response reside? |
Frank Burnet | What medical scientist first proposed the clonal selection theory of immunology? |
self/nonself distinction | What triggers an immune response according to CST? |
"nonself" entities (e.g., pathogens, an allograft) | In CST, what triggers a destructive immune response? |
the complex "two-signal" activation | What property of T cells caused modification of CST? |
In the mid-1950s | When was clonal selection theory first proposed? |
Bioscience | What discipline can undergraduate students interested in general health study? |
bioscience | Immunology is a branch of what larger field of study? |
humans and animals | The goal of an immunologist is to study what beings? |
research | The biggest part of an immunologist's job is what? |
effective yet consistent research | What two conditions apply to good immunological study? |
AAI courses | Most graduate schools specializing in immunology follow what organization's parameters? |
Icahn School of Medicine | What is the name of the immunology school at Mount Sinai? |
Introductory Course and an Advance Course | AAI immunology courses include what two components? |
gives students an overview of the basics of immunology | What does the introductory AAI immunology course do? |
New York University | The Langone Medical Center is part of what college? |
an introduction to the basic principles of immunology | Part 1 of the AAI introductory immunology course is meant to be what? |
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