dangermouse77/FromAnswerToQuestion-SQuADplusTriviaQA

answer stringlengths 1 239 ⌀	question stringlengths 1 25.7k
Maadi, Egypt	Where was the first solar thermal power plant built?
parabolic troughs	What was used to power the plants engine?
Nile River	From what river did the engine pump water?
the outbreak of World War I and the discovery of cheap oil	What slowed down the growth of solar energy?
the 1970s	When was the interest in solar energy restored?
70	According to Shuman, up to what percentage of domestic hot water can be provided by solar heating systems?
sunlight	What do Solar hot water systems use to heat water?
60 to 70% of the domestic hot water	How much hot water can be produced by solar heating systems in low geographical latitudes?
evacuated tube collectors	What is a common type of solar water heater?
unglazed plastic collectors	What type of solar water heater is used to heat pools?
154	What was the total capacity of solar hot water systems in 2007 in gigawatts?
Israel and Cyprus	Over 90% of homes use solar hot water systems in which two countries?
approximately 154 thermal gigawatt	What is the capacity of a solar hot water system?
China	What country is the leader in the implementation of solar powered hot water systems?
over 90%	What percentage of households use solar hot water systems in Israel and Cyprus?
United States, Canada and Australia	In what countries is the use to solar hot water used mainly for w=swimming pools?
50	What percentage of energy in commercial buildings comes from HVAC systems?
30% (4.65 EJ/yr)	How much energy does an HVAC system use in commercial locations?
50% (10.1 EJ/yr)	How much energy does an HVAC system use in residential locations?
Solar heating, cooling and ventilation technologies	What can be used to balance out a portion of the energy used by HVAC systems?
Thermal	Materials that can be used to store heat are known as what kind of mass?
any material that can be used to store heat	What is thermal mass?
stone, cement and water	What are typical thermal mass material?
by absorbing solar energy during the day and radiating stored heat to the cooler atmosphere at night	How is thermal mass used to keep buildings cool?
climates	What is a something that determines the size of thermal mass?
auxiliary heating and cooling equipment	What does thermal mass reduce the need for?
passive solar ventilation	What kind of system is a solar chimney?
a passive solar ventilation system	What is a solar chimney?
a vertical shaft connecting the interior and exterior of a building	What is a solar chimney made of?
by using glazing and thermal mass materials in a way that mimics greenhouses	How can the performance of a solar chimney be improved?
winter	The placement of deciduous trees on the Equator facing side of a building can have a negative effect on solar availability in which season?
trees and plants	What is something that is used to control solar heating and cooling?
1/3 to 1/2	How much solar radiation is blocked by leafless trees?
they will interfere with winter solar availability	Why should trees not be planted on the side of a building facing the equator?
east and west	What side of a building should trees be planted without greatly affecting solar gain in the winter?
1767	Horace de Saussure built the first box cooker in what year?
315	Reflector cookers can reach temperatures in Celsius of up to what?
cooking, drying and pasteurization	What are solar cookers used for?
box cookers, panel cookers and reflector cookers	What are the 3 main categories of solar cookers?
Horace de Saussure	Who created the box cooker?
90–150 °C (194–302 °F)	What is the typical temperature range for a box cooker?
direct light	What do reflector cookers require to function?
114	The Solar Total Energy Project had a field of how many parabolic dishes?
more	Are transpired collectors more or less cost-effective than glazed collection systems?
parabolic dish, trough and Scheffler reflectors	What are some examples of solar concentrating technologies?
Solar Total Energy Project (STEP) in Shenandoah, Georgia, USA	What was the first commercial solar concentrating system?
use of evaporation ponds to obtain salt from sea water	What is one of the oldest uses of solar energy?
Clothes lines, clotheshorses, and clothes racks	What are some items used to dry clothes without the use of electricity?
perforated sun-facing walls used for preheating ventilation air	What are Unglazed transpired collectors?
1872	In what year was a large scale solar distillation project constructed in Las Salinas?
Solar distillation	What is used to make saline or brackish water drinkable?
16th-century Arab alchemists	By who was the first record of solar distillation done by?
1872	When was the first large solar distillation plant created?
22,700 L (5,000 imp gal; 6,000 US gal) per day	How much water was produced by the plant?
single-slope	What is an example of a solar distillation design?
the World Health Organization	Solar water disinfection is recommended by which organization?
a minimum of six hours to two days during fully overcast conditions	How long should the plastic bottles filled with water be exposed to sunlight during Solar water disinfection?
a viable method for household water treatment and safe storage	What does the World Health Organization say about Solar water disinfection?
Over two million people in developing countries	How many people use Solar water disinfection to disinfect their drinking water?
toxic chemicals	What is a possible negative effect of algae in water stabilization ponds?
to treat waste water without chemicals or electricity	For what reason would solar energy be used in a water stabilisation pond?
algae may produce toxic chemicals	What is a reason why the water from a water stabilisation pond may be unusable?
2050	By what year is solar power expected to become the world's greatest source of electricity?
2050	When is solar power is foreseen to become the largest source of electricity?
the Mojave Desert	The largest solar power plant in the world is located in what desert?
2013	Less than 1% of the world's total grid electricity was generated by solar energy in what year?
354 MW SEGS CSP	What is the largest solar power plant in the world?
Mojave Desert of California	Where is the largest solar power plant in the world located?
The 250 MW Agua Caliente Solar Project, in the United States, and the 221 MW Charanka Solar Park in India	What are the largest photovoltaic solar power plants?
Charles Fritts	In the 1880s, who constructed the first solar cell?
1954	In what year was the crystalline silicon solar cell constructed?
evolved from a pure niche market of small scale applications towards becoming a mainstream electricity source	What has happened to photovoltaic in the past 20 years?
a device that converts light directly into electricity	What is a solar cell?
Charles Fritts	Who created the first solar cell?
Dr Bruno Lange	Who created the first solar cell using silver selenide in place of copper oxide?
Gerald Pearson, Calvin Fuller and Daryl Chapin	Who created the crystalline silicon solar cell?
a working fluid	In all the different CSP systems, concentrated sunlight is used to heat what?
lenses or mirrors and tracking systems	What do Concentrating Solar Power systems use?
a heat source for a conventional power plant	What is the heat generated from a Concentrating Solar Power system used for?
the Stirling dish	What is one of the most developed Concentrating Solar Power technologies?
a working fluid is heated by the concentrated sunlight	What do Concentrating Solar Power technologies have in common?
Megaron House	Socrate's what is a classic example of passive solar design?
orientation relative to the Sun	What is a common feature of passive solar architecture?
well-lit spaces that stay in a comfortable temperature range	What is produced when the features of passive solar architecture are customized to the environment?
Socrates' Megaron House	What is an example of passive solar design?
pumps, fans and switchable windows	What kind of equipment can improve system performance?
Urban heat islands	UHI is an abbreviation of what?
3	A program in Los Angeles believes that with $1 billion, city temperatures could be reduced by approximately how many degrees in Celsius?
Urban heat islands	What are the metropolitan areas with higher temperatures than the surrounding areas called?
asphalt and concrete	What materials absorb sunlight and create higher temperatures than natural materials?
paint buildings and roads white and plant trees	What is a way to reduce the high temperatures created in urban heat islands?
fruit walls	During the Little Ice Age, what did English and French farmers use to increase collection of solar energy?
power grape presses	Vinters have adopted solar technology to do what?
to optimize the productivity of plants	Why do agriculture and horticulture seek to make the most use of the solar energy captured?
timed planting cycles, tailored row orientation, staggered heights between rows and the mixing of plant varieties	What are some techniques used to improve crop production?
employed fruit walls	What did French and English farmers do during the Little Ice Age to gain more solar energy?
acted as thermal masses and accelerated ripening by keeping plants warm	What was the purpose of the fruit walls built by French and English farmers?
Roman times	When were the first greenhouses used?
the 16th	In what century were the first modern greenhouses constructed?
convert solar light to heat	What do greenhouses do with solar energy?

Maadi, Egypt

Where was the first solar thermal power plant built?

parabolic troughs

What was used to power the plants engine?

Nile River

From what river did the engine pump water?

the outbreak of World War I and the discovery of cheap oil

What slowed down the growth of solar energy?

the 1970s

When was the interest in solar energy restored?

70

According to Shuman, up to what percentage of domestic hot water can be provided by solar heating systems?

sunlight

What do Solar hot water systems use to heat water?

60 to 70% of the domestic hot water

How much hot water can be produced by solar heating systems in low geographical latitudes?

evacuated tube collectors

What is a common type of solar water heater?

unglazed plastic collectors

What type of solar water heater is used to heat pools?

154

What was the total capacity of solar hot water systems in 2007 in gigawatts?

Israel and Cyprus

Over 90% of homes use solar hot water systems in which two countries?

approximately 154 thermal gigawatt

What is the capacity of a solar hot water system?

China

What country is the leader in the implementation of solar powered hot water systems?

over 90%

What percentage of households use solar hot water systems in Israel and Cyprus?

United States, Canada and Australia

In what countries is the use to solar hot water used mainly for w=swimming pools?

50

What percentage of energy in commercial buildings comes from HVAC systems?

30% (4.65 EJ/yr)

How much energy does an HVAC system use in commercial locations?

50% (10.1 EJ/yr)

How much energy does an HVAC system use in residential locations?

Solar heating, cooling and ventilation technologies

What can be used to balance out a portion of the energy used by HVAC systems?

Thermal

Materials that can be used to store heat are known as what kind of mass?

any material that can be used to store heat

What is thermal mass?

stone, cement and water

What are typical thermal mass material?

by absorbing solar energy during the day and radiating stored heat to the cooler atmosphere at night

How is thermal mass used to keep buildings cool?

climates

What is a something that determines the size of thermal mass?

auxiliary heating and cooling equipment

What does thermal mass reduce the need for?

passive solar ventilation

What kind of system is a solar chimney?

a passive solar ventilation system

What is a solar chimney?

a vertical shaft connecting the interior and exterior of a building

What is a solar chimney made of?

by using glazing and thermal mass materials in a way that mimics greenhouses

How can the performance of a solar chimney be improved?

winter

The placement of deciduous trees on the Equator facing side of a building can have a negative effect on solar availability in which season?

trees and plants

What is something that is used to control solar heating and cooling?

1/3 to 1/2

How much solar radiation is blocked by leafless trees?

they will interfere with winter solar availability

Why should trees not be planted on the side of a building facing the equator?

east and west

What side of a building should trees be planted without greatly affecting solar gain in the winter?

1767

Horace de Saussure built the first box cooker in what year?

315

Reflector cookers can reach temperatures in Celsius of up to what?

cooking, drying and pasteurization

What are solar cookers used for?

box cookers, panel cookers and reflector cookers

What are the 3 main categories of solar cookers?

Horace de Saussure

Who created the box cooker?

90–150 °C (194–302 °F)

What is the typical temperature range for a box cooker?

direct light

What do reflector cookers require to function?

114

The Solar Total Energy Project had a field of how many parabolic dishes?

more

Are transpired collectors more or less cost-effective than glazed collection systems?

parabolic dish, trough and Scheffler reflectors

What are some examples of solar concentrating technologies?

Solar Total Energy Project (STEP) in Shenandoah, Georgia, USA

What was the first commercial solar concentrating system?

use of evaporation ponds to obtain salt from sea water

What is one of the oldest uses of solar energy?

Clothes lines, clotheshorses, and clothes racks

What are some items used to dry clothes without the use of electricity?

perforated sun-facing walls used for preheating ventilation air

What are Unglazed transpired collectors?

1872

In what year was a large scale solar distillation project constructed in Las Salinas?

Solar distillation

What is used to make saline or brackish water drinkable?

16th-century Arab alchemists

By who was the first record of solar distillation done by?

1872

When was the first large solar distillation plant created?

22,700 L (5,000 imp gal; 6,000 US gal) per day

How much water was produced by the plant?

single-slope

What is an example of a solar distillation design?

the World Health Organization

Solar water disinfection is recommended by which organization?

a minimum of six hours to two days during fully overcast conditions

How long should the plastic bottles filled with water be exposed to sunlight during Solar water disinfection?

a viable method for household water treatment and safe storage

What does the World Health Organization say about Solar water disinfection?

Over two million people in developing countries

How many people use Solar water disinfection to disinfect their drinking water?

toxic chemicals

What is a possible negative effect of algae in water stabilization ponds?

to treat waste water without chemicals or electricity

For what reason would solar energy be used in a water stabilisation pond?

algae may produce toxic chemicals

What is a reason why the water from a water stabilisation pond may be unusable?

2050

By what year is solar power expected to become the world's greatest source of electricity?

2050

When is solar power is foreseen to become the largest source of electricity?

the Mojave Desert

The largest solar power plant in the world is located in what desert?

2013

Less than 1% of the world's total grid electricity was generated by solar energy in what year?

354 MW SEGS CSP

What is the largest solar power plant in the world?

Mojave Desert of California

Where is the largest solar power plant in the world located?

The 250 MW Agua Caliente Solar Project, in the United States, and the 221 MW Charanka Solar Park in India

What are the largest photovoltaic solar power plants?

Charles Fritts

In the 1880s, who constructed the first solar cell?

1954

In what year was the crystalline silicon solar cell constructed?

evolved from a pure niche market of small scale applications towards becoming a mainstream electricity source

What has happened to photovoltaic in the past 20 years?

a device that converts light directly into electricity

What is a solar cell?

Charles Fritts

Who created the first solar cell?

Dr Bruno Lange

Who created the first solar cell using silver selenide in place of copper oxide?

Gerald Pearson, Calvin Fuller and Daryl Chapin

Who created the crystalline silicon solar cell?

a working fluid

In all the different CSP systems, concentrated sunlight is used to heat what?

lenses or mirrors and tracking systems

What do Concentrating Solar Power systems use?

a heat source for a conventional power plant

What is the heat generated from a Concentrating Solar Power system used for?

the Stirling dish

What is one of the most developed Concentrating Solar Power technologies?

a working fluid is heated by the concentrated sunlight

What do Concentrating Solar Power technologies have in common?

Megaron House

Socrate's what is a classic example of passive solar design?

orientation relative to the Sun

What is a common feature of passive solar architecture?

well-lit spaces that stay in a comfortable temperature range

What is produced when the features of passive solar architecture are customized to the environment?

Socrates' Megaron House

What is an example of passive solar design?

pumps, fans and switchable windows

What kind of equipment can improve system performance?

Urban heat islands

UHI is an abbreviation of what?

3

A program in Los Angeles believes that with $1 billion, city temperatures could be reduced by approximately how many degrees in Celsius?

Urban heat islands

What are the metropolitan areas with higher temperatures than the surrounding areas called?

asphalt and concrete

What materials absorb sunlight and create higher temperatures than natural materials?

paint buildings and roads white and plant trees

What is a way to reduce the high temperatures created in urban heat islands?

fruit walls

During the Little Ice Age, what did English and French farmers use to increase collection of solar energy?

power grape presses

Vinters have adopted solar technology to do what?

to optimize the productivity of plants

Why do agriculture and horticulture seek to make the most use of the solar energy captured?

timed planting cycles, tailored row orientation, staggered heights between rows and the mixing of plant varieties

What are some techniques used to improve crop production?

employed fruit walls

What did French and English farmers do during the Little Ice Age to gain more solar energy?

acted as thermal masses and accelerated ripening by keeping plants warm

What was the purpose of the fruit walls built by French and English farmers?

Roman times

When were the first greenhouses used?

the 16th

In what century were the first modern greenhouses constructed?

convert solar light to heat

What do greenhouses do with solar energy?