dangermouse77/FromAnswerToQuestion-SQuADplusTriviaQA

answer stringlengths 1 239 ⌀	question stringlengths 1 25.7k
enabling year-round production and the growth (in enclosed environments) of specialty crops	What is one purpose of a greenhouse?
produce cucumbers year-round for the Roman emperor Tiberius	What was one of the first uses of a greenhouse?
Europe	Where were the first modern greenhouses built?
The World Solar Challenge	What is the name of the solar powered car race held every two years?
90.87	What was the winner of the World Solar Challenge's average speed in 2007 in km/h?
a biannual solar-powered car race	What is The World Solar Challenge?
1987	When was The World Solar Challenge started?
67 kilometres per hour (42 mph)	What was the average speed of a winning solar powered car in 1987?
90.87 kilometres per hour (56.46 mph)	What was the average speed of a winning solar powered car by 2007?
The North American Solar Challenge and the planned South African Solar Challenge	What are some other similar car races that use solar powered vehicles?
1975	The first practical solar boat was constructed in what year?
1975	When was the first solar powered boat made?
Kenichi Horie	Who first crossed the Pacific ocean using a solar powered boat?
the sun21 catamaran	What was the name of the first solar powered boat that crossed the Atlantic ocean?
40	What altitude did the Solar Riser reach in feet?
Solar Impulse	What is the name of the aircraft circling the globe in 2015 via solar power?
1974	When was the first unmanned flight by a solar powered plane made?
29 April 1979	When was the first solar powered manned flight made?
July 1981	When did the Solar Challenger cross the English Channel?
California to North Carolina	Where did Eric Scott Raymond fly using a solar powered plane in 1990?
36 hours	How long is the solar powered plane Solar Impulse able to remain in the air?
hydrogen production from protons	What is a possible alternative to making carbon-based fuels from reduction of carbon dioxide?
Solar chemical processes	What process converts solar energy into storable and transportable fuels?
artificial photosynthesis	What solar process can be used to produce different fuels?
The Solzinc process	What is the name of the process under development at the Weizmann Institute?
pure zinc	The Solznic process produces what?
Hydrogen production technologies	What has been a main area of solar chemical research since the 1970s?
uses concentrators to split water into oxygen and hydrogen at high temperatures	What is one of the thermochemical processes that has been explored besides electrolysis?
Solzinc process	What is the name of the process being developed by the Weizmann Institute?
heat	In what form do thermal mass systems store solar energy?
Thermal mass systems	What is the system called that can store solar energy in the form of heat?
water, earth and stone	What are some of the materials used in thermal storage systems?
reduce overall heating and cooling requirements	What is something that can be accomplished by a thermal mass system?
thermal	Paraffin wax is an example of what kind of storage media?
The "Dover House"	The first Glauber's salt heating system was first used where?
paraffin wax and Glauber's salt	What are some examples of phase change materials?
64 °C or 147 °F	What are the approximate temperatures that can be delivered by phase change materials?
Dover House	What was the name of the heating system that first used Glauber's salt?
they are low-cost, have a high specific heat capacity and can deliver heat at temperatures compatible with conventional power systems	Why are salts good for thermal storage?
1.44 terajoules (400,000 kWh)	How much energy was the Solar Two able to store using salts?
rechargeable batteries	Where do off-grid PV systems store excess electricity?
rechargeable batteries	What do off-grid PV systems use to store excess electricity?
Net metering programs	What are the programs that gives credit to households for delivering electricity to the grid called?
by 'rolling back' the meter whenever the home produces more electricity than it consumes	How is the credit to households accomplished?
Most standard meters accurately measure in both directions	Why is a second meter usually unnecessary to monitor electricity use?
a hydroelectric power generator	When water is released due to high demand, the pump become swhat?
water pumped when energy is available from a lower elevation reservoir to a higher elevation one	Pumped-storage hydroelectricity stores energy in what form?
by releasing the water, with the pump becoming a hydroelectric power generator	How is the energy stored by pumped-storage hydroelectricity recovered?
1973	The oil embargo in what year was a contributing factor to the reorganization of energy policies?
The 1973 oil embargo and 1979 energy crisis	What brought attention to solar technologies in the 1970s?
the Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Program in the US and the Sunshine Program in Japan	What are the names of some of the incentive programs used to promote solar technology?
SERI, now NREL	What is the name of the solar energy research facility in the US?
NEDO	What is the name of the solar energy research facility in Japan?
Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE	What is the name of the solar energy research facility in Germany?
the 1920s	The solar water heaters introduced in the US in the 1890s saw growth until what time period?
20% per year	Since 1999, what average rate has the solar water heating sector progressed at?
in the 1890s	When did the use of solar water heaters in the US first begin?
falling petroleum prices	Why did interest in solar water heating decrease in the 1980s?
20%	Growth of solar water heating development has averaged how much per year since 1999
154 GW	What was the estimated capacity of solar water heating and cooling in 2007?
The International Energy Agency	Which organization believes that solar energy can solve some of our most pressing issues?
The International Energy Agency	Who said that solar energy can help solve some of the most urgent problems in the world?
glass in building	ISO 9050 relates to standards for what?
materials used in solar water heaters	ISO 10217 relates to standards for what?
ISO 9050	What is the name of the standard related to glass in building?
ISO 10217	What is the name of the standard related to the materials used in solar water heaters?
passive solar or active solar	What are the technologies used to capture solar energy characterized as?
photovoltaic systems, concentrated solar power and solar water heating	What are some active solar techniques used to harness solar energy?
orienting a building to the Sun	What is an example of a passive solar technique?
559.8 EJ	What was the total worldwide energy consumption in 2012?
1,575–49,837 exajoules (EJ)	What is solar energy's yearly potential?
The large magnitude of solar energy available	What makes solar energy an appealing source of electricity>
The United Nations Development Programme	Who estimated the annual potential of solar energy in 2000?
through reliance on an indigenous, inexhaustible and mostly import-independent resource	How will solar energy increase energy security?
the costs of mitigating global warming	What costs will solar energy lower?
learning investments	What should the cost of incentives for producing solar energy be considered?
keep fossil fuel prices lower than otherwise	What effect will solar energy have on the price of fossil fuels?
geography, time variation, cloud cover, and the land available to humans	Why does the amount of usable solar energy differ from the amount near the planets surface?
areas that are closer to the equator have a greater amount of solar radiation	Why does geography have an effect of the amount of solar energy available?
photovoltaics	What is the process called that can increase solar energy in areas further away from the earth's equator?
during the nighttime there is little solar radiation on the surface of the Earth for solar panels to absorb	Why does time have an effect of the amount of available solar energy?
clouds block incoming light from the sun and reduce the light available for solar cells	What effect does cloud coverage have on the amount of solar energy available?
solar panels can only be set up on land that is unowned and suitable for solar panels	Why does land availability have an effect on solar energy?
many people have discovered that they can collect energy directly from their homes this way	Why are roofs a good place for solar panels?
insolation, cloud cover, and the land that is usable by humans	What factors were taken into account in the estimate published in 2000 on solar energy?
1,575–49,837 EJ per year	What was the total potential of solar energy found in the estimate?
conversion of sunlight into electricity	What is solar power?
either directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP)	How is sunlight converted into electricity?
lenses or mirrors and tracking systems	What does a concentrated solar power system use?
focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam	What is the purpose of a concentrated solar power system?
photoelectric effect	What method does the photovoltaics system use to turn light into electricity?
Sunlight	What has influenced the design since the beginning of architectural history?
Greeks and Chinese	Who first utilized solar architecture?
toward the south	In which direction were the buildings built by the Greeks and Chinese facing?
a black balloon that is filled with ordinary air	What is a solar balloon?
the air inside is heated and expands causing an upward buoyancy force	What happens when sunlight shines on a solar balloon?
the toy market	What is the use of solar balloons typically limited to?
the surface-area to payload-weight ratio is relatively high	Why is the use of solar balloons typically limited to the toy market?
driven by an expectation that coal would soon become scarce	Why was solar technology developed in the 1860s?
increasing availability, economy, and utility of coal and petroleum	What slowed the development of solar technologies in the early 20th century?

enabling year-round production and the growth (in enclosed environments) of specialty crops

What is one purpose of a greenhouse?

produce cucumbers year-round for the Roman emperor Tiberius

What was one of the first uses of a greenhouse?

Europe

Where were the first modern greenhouses built?

The World Solar Challenge

What is the name of the solar powered car race held every two years?

90.87

What was the winner of the World Solar Challenge's average speed in 2007 in km/h?

a biannual solar-powered car race

What is The World Solar Challenge?

1987

When was The World Solar Challenge started?

67 kilometres per hour (42 mph)

What was the average speed of a winning solar powered car in 1987?

90.87 kilometres per hour (56.46 mph)

What was the average speed of a winning solar powered car by 2007?

The North American Solar Challenge and the planned South African Solar Challenge

What are some other similar car races that use solar powered vehicles?

1975

The first practical solar boat was constructed in what year?

1975

When was the first solar powered boat made?

Kenichi Horie

Who first crossed the Pacific ocean using a solar powered boat?

the sun21 catamaran

What was the name of the first solar powered boat that crossed the Atlantic ocean?

40

What altitude did the Solar Riser reach in feet?

Solar Impulse

What is the name of the aircraft circling the globe in 2015 via solar power?

1974

When was the first unmanned flight by a solar powered plane made?

29 April 1979

When was the first solar powered manned flight made?

July 1981

When did the Solar Challenger cross the English Channel?

California to North Carolina

Where did Eric Scott Raymond fly using a solar powered plane in 1990?

36 hours

How long is the solar powered plane Solar Impulse able to remain in the air?

hydrogen production from protons

What is a possible alternative to making carbon-based fuels from reduction of carbon dioxide?

Solar chemical processes

What process converts solar energy into storable and transportable fuels?

artificial photosynthesis

What solar process can be used to produce different fuels?

The Solzinc process

What is the name of the process under development at the Weizmann Institute?

pure zinc

The Solznic process produces what?

Hydrogen production technologies

What has been a main area of solar chemical research since the 1970s?

uses concentrators to split water into oxygen and hydrogen at high temperatures

What is one of the thermochemical processes that has been explored besides electrolysis?

Solzinc process

What is the name of the process being developed by the Weizmann Institute?

heat

In what form do thermal mass systems store solar energy?

Thermal mass systems

What is the system called that can store solar energy in the form of heat?

water, earth and stone

What are some of the materials used in thermal storage systems?

reduce overall heating and cooling requirements

What is something that can be accomplished by a thermal mass system?

thermal

Paraffin wax is an example of what kind of storage media?

The "Dover House"

The first Glauber's salt heating system was first used where?

paraffin wax and Glauber's salt

What are some examples of phase change materials?

64 °C or 147 °F

What are the approximate temperatures that can be delivered by phase change materials?

Dover House

What was the name of the heating system that first used Glauber's salt?

they are low-cost, have a high specific heat capacity and can deliver heat at temperatures compatible with conventional power systems

Why are salts good for thermal storage?

1.44 terajoules (400,000 kWh)

How much energy was the Solar Two able to store using salts?

rechargeable batteries

Where do off-grid PV systems store excess electricity?

rechargeable batteries

What do off-grid PV systems use to store excess electricity?

Net metering programs

What are the programs that gives credit to households for delivering electricity to the grid called?

by 'rolling back' the meter whenever the home produces more electricity than it consumes

How is the credit to households accomplished?

Most standard meters accurately measure in both directions

Why is a second meter usually unnecessary to monitor electricity use?

a hydroelectric power generator

When water is released due to high demand, the pump become swhat?

water pumped when energy is available from a lower elevation reservoir to a higher elevation one

Pumped-storage hydroelectricity stores energy in what form?

by releasing the water, with the pump becoming a hydroelectric power generator

How is the energy stored by pumped-storage hydroelectricity recovered?

1973

The oil embargo in what year was a contributing factor to the reorganization of energy policies?

The 1973 oil embargo and 1979 energy crisis

What brought attention to solar technologies in the 1970s?

the Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Program in the US and the Sunshine Program in Japan

What are the names of some of the incentive programs used to promote solar technology?

SERI, now NREL

What is the name of the solar energy research facility in the US?

NEDO

What is the name of the solar energy research facility in Japan?

Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE

What is the name of the solar energy research facility in Germany?

the 1920s

The solar water heaters introduced in the US in the 1890s saw growth until what time period?

20% per year

Since 1999, what average rate has the solar water heating sector progressed at?

in the 1890s

When did the use of solar water heaters in the US first begin?

falling petroleum prices

Why did interest in solar water heating decrease in the 1980s?

20%

Growth of solar water heating development has averaged how much per year since 1999

154 GW

What was the estimated capacity of solar water heating and cooling in 2007?

The International Energy Agency

Which organization believes that solar energy can solve some of our most pressing issues?

The International Energy Agency

Who said that solar energy can help solve some of the most urgent problems in the world?

glass in building

ISO 9050 relates to standards for what?

materials used in solar water heaters

ISO 10217 relates to standards for what?

ISO 9050

What is the name of the standard related to glass in building?

ISO 10217

What is the name of the standard related to the materials used in solar water heaters?

passive solar or active solar

What are the technologies used to capture solar energy characterized as?

photovoltaic systems, concentrated solar power and solar water heating

What are some active solar techniques used to harness solar energy?

orienting a building to the Sun

What is an example of a passive solar technique?

559.8 EJ

What was the total worldwide energy consumption in 2012?

1,575–49,837 exajoules (EJ)

What is solar energy's yearly potential?

The large magnitude of solar energy available

What makes solar energy an appealing source of electricity>

The United Nations Development Programme

Who estimated the annual potential of solar energy in 2000?

through reliance on an indigenous, inexhaustible and mostly import-independent resource

How will solar energy increase energy security?

the costs of mitigating global warming

What costs will solar energy lower?

learning investments

What should the cost of incentives for producing solar energy be considered?

keep fossil fuel prices lower than otherwise

What effect will solar energy have on the price of fossil fuels?

geography, time variation, cloud cover, and the land available to humans

Why does the amount of usable solar energy differ from the amount near the planets surface?

areas that are closer to the equator have a greater amount of solar radiation

Why does geography have an effect of the amount of solar energy available?

photovoltaics

What is the process called that can increase solar energy in areas further away from the earth's equator?

during the nighttime there is little solar radiation on the surface of the Earth for solar panels to absorb

Why does time have an effect of the amount of available solar energy?

clouds block incoming light from the sun and reduce the light available for solar cells

What effect does cloud coverage have on the amount of solar energy available?

solar panels can only be set up on land that is unowned and suitable for solar panels

Why does land availability have an effect on solar energy?

many people have discovered that they can collect energy directly from their homes this way

Why are roofs a good place for solar panels?

insolation, cloud cover, and the land that is usable by humans

What factors were taken into account in the estimate published in 2000 on solar energy?

1,575–49,837 EJ per year

What was the total potential of solar energy found in the estimate?

conversion of sunlight into electricity

What is solar power?

either directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP)

How is sunlight converted into electricity?

lenses or mirrors and tracking systems

What does a concentrated solar power system use?

focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam

What is the purpose of a concentrated solar power system?

photoelectric effect

What method does the photovoltaics system use to turn light into electricity?

Sunlight

What has influenced the design since the beginning of architectural history?

Greeks and Chinese

Who first utilized solar architecture?

toward the south

In which direction were the buildings built by the Greeks and Chinese facing?

a black balloon that is filled with ordinary air

What is a solar balloon?

the air inside is heated and expands causing an upward buoyancy force

What happens when sunlight shines on a solar balloon?

the toy market

What is the use of solar balloons typically limited to?

the surface-area to payload-weight ratio is relatively high

Why is the use of solar balloons typically limited to the toy market?

driven by an expectation that coal would soon become scarce

Why was solar technology developed in the 1860s?

increasing availability, economy, and utility of coal and petroleum

What slowed the development of solar technologies in the early 20th century?