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Scramble for Africa
During what period were the Portugese Africa's cities founded or redeveloped?
to protect the centuries-long Portuguese interests in the continent from rivalries enticed by the Scramble for Africa
Why were the Portugese Africa territories' borders formally established?
Beira, Moçâmedes, Lobito, João Belo, Nacala and Porto Amélia
What new Portugese Africa's coastal towns were developed during the Scramble for Africa?
1 February 1908
On what day were King Dom Carlos I and and his heir, Prince Royal Dom Luis Filipe, Duke of Braganza, murdered?
on 14 June 1892, and again on 10 May 1902
Under the rule of King Dom Carlos I, on what two days was Portugal declared bankrupt?
Manuel II of Portugal
Who succeeded King Dom Carlos I as king?
5 October 1910
On what day was King Manuel II overthrown?
Political instability and economic weaknesses
During the Portuguese First Republic, what creating a fertile ground for chaos and unrest?
António de Oliveira Salazar
Who led the Estado Novo?
1933
In what year was the Estado Novo established?
five
How many European countries remained neutral throughout World War II?
relocation of mainland Portuguese citizens into the overseas provinces in Africa
What action affirmed Portugal's status as a transcontinental nation?
United Nations, the European Union, the Eurozone, OECD, NATO and the Community of Portuguese Language Countries
What are three international organizations that Portugal belongs to?
unitary semi-presidential republican
What form of government does Portugal maintain?
18th highest
What is Portugal's Social Progress ranking?
France, Spain and Italy
Which three Western European countries have a lower Social Progress ranking than Portugal?
decriminalized the usage of all common drugs
In 2001, Portugal was the first country in the world to do what?
to use the Cantabrian mountains as a place of refuge and protection from the invading Moors
What was Pelayos' plan?
Moors
Against which group of people was Pelayos fighting?
Battle of Covadonga
In which battle did Pelayos defeat the Moors?
722 AD
In which year was Pelayos proclaimed king?
Reconquista Cristã
What was the war of Christian reconquest, started by Pelayos, known as in Portugese?
dynastic divisions of inheritance among the kings offspring
Why was the Kingdom of Asturias divided?
King Alfonso III
Who annexed the County of Portugal into the Kingdom of Asturias?
868 AD
In which year was Vimara Peres knighted?
First Count of Portus Cale
What was Vimara knighted as?
Portucale, Portugale, and simultaneously Portugália
What three names did Portugal become known as after Vimara Peres was knighted?
maintain the autonomy of Galicia with its distinct language and culture (Galician-Portuguese) from the Leonese culture
During the internecine struggles, what did the the people of Country of Portugal struggle with?
the Kingdom of Portugal
The County of Portugal separated from the Kingdom of Galicia to establish what?
Galician
Portugese diverged from which language?
Spanish
What is the Castilian Lanugage known as?
Castilian (Spanish Language)
By which language was the Astur-Leonese replaced?
the daughter of the Austrian Field Marshal Leopold Josef, Count von Daun
Who was de Melo's second marriage to?
Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo
Who was the 1st Marquis of Pombal?
Queen consort of Portugal
What title did Archduchess Maria Anne Josefa hold?
Queen consort of Portugal
Who arranged the widow de Melo's second marriage?
King John V of Portugal
Who was not pleased by de Melo's second marriage?
earthquakes
What type of natural disaster was the city center of Lisbon designed to resist?
marching troops around the models
How were earthquakes simulated on the architectural models?
Lisbon suffered no epidemics
Did Lisbon suffer any epidemics from the calamity?
The buildings and big squares of the Pombaline City Centre
What are some of Lisbon's tourist attractions?
by designing an inquiry that was sent to every parish in the country
How did de Melo contribute to the study of seismology?
Portuguese Republic
What is the official name of Portugal?
Iberian Peninsula, in Southwestern Europe
Where is Portugal located?
Atlantic Ocean
Which ocean does Portugal border?
1,214 km (754 mi)
How long is the Portugal-Spain border?
Azores and Madeira
What two autonomous regions have their own governments in Portugal?
Portuguese Republic
What is the official name of Portugal?
Iberian Peninsula, in Southwestern Europe
Where is Portugal located?
Spain
What other country does Portugal border?
Atlantic Ocean
What ocean does Portugal border?
Portugal–Spain
What is the longest uninterrupted border within the European Union?
The Celts and the Romans
Who were the first inhabitants of Portugal?
Visigothic and the Suebi Germanic peoples
Which two groups followed the first inhabitants?
1139
By what year had Portugal established itself as an independent kingdom?
Age of Discovery
What age did Portugal pioneer?
15th and 16th centuries
In which centuries did Portugal establish the first global empire?
Lisbon
In Portugal, which city was destroyed in the 1755 earthquake?
1822
In which year did Brazel become independent?
1910
In which year was the Portugal monarchy deposed?
Macau
Which Portugese colony was lost to China in 1999?
250 million
How many Portugese speakers are there today?
Portus Cale
From what name is Portugal derived?
Pre-Celts and Celts
By what group was the Portugal region settled?
Gallaeci, Lusitanians, Celtici and Cynetes
To what four peoples did the settlement of Portugal give rise?
45 BC until 298 AD
During what years was the Portugal region incorporated in the Roman Republic?
Alankerk
From what old Germanic word is Alenquer originate?
27 BC
In what year did Lusitania become a Roman province?
Gallaecia
What was the Northern province of Lusitania known as?
Conímbriga and Mirobriga
What are two large Roman sites that still exist today in Portugal?
hill forts
What are castros?
16 km
How far apart are Conimbriga and Coimbra?
a few months
How long did it take the Umayyad Caliphate to defeat the Visigoths?
711
In what year did Portugal become a part of Umayyad Caliphate's empire?
750
In which year did Umayyad Caliphate's empire collapse?
Abd-ar-Rahman
Under whom did the Western part of Umayyad Caliphate's empire gain its independence?
almost two centuries
How long did it take the Emirate to become the Caliphate of Codoba?
Emir
What were the governors of the taifas called?
the Christian kingdoms of the north
Which which kingdoms did the taifas establish diplomatic relations?
Taifa of Badajoz
To which taifa did most of Portugal fall into?
1086
In which year did the taifa period end?
Battle of Sagrajas
Which battle took place in 1147?
Muwallad or Muladi
What are converts to Islam called?
noblemen from Oman
Who did the Arabs principally consist of?
Atlas mountains and Rif mountains of North Africa
Where were the Berbers originally from?
Algarve region, and south of the Tagus
In which region of Portugal did the Muslim population stay?
800
How many modern Portugese words have Arabic origins?
García, became king of León
Who was the eldest son of Alfonso III and what did he become king of?
Ordoño, reigned in Galicia
Who was the second son of Alfonso III and what did he become king of?
Fruela, received Asturias with Oviedo as his capital
Who was Alfonso III's third son and what area did he receive?
910
In which year did Alfonso III likely die?
1230
In which year was the Kingdom of Castile formed?
1348 and 1349
Which years were plagued by the Black Death?
England
In 1373, Portugal made an alliance with which country?
Portugal made an alliance with England
What is the longest standing alliance in the world?
NATO
The Portugal-English alliance served as the predecessor to what?
Oporto region
In which Portugese region is there still visible English influence?
the Age of Discovery
What European age did Portugal spearhead?
King João I
Who was the Father of Prince Henry the Navigator?
Azores, Madeira, and Cape Verde
Which three Atlantic archipelagos did Portugal discover?