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Siddhatta Gotama
Karen Armstrong has said that we can be confident who existed?
fifth century BCE
According to early texts, when was Siddhārtha Gautama born?
in a community that was on the periphery, both geographically and culturally, of the northeastern Indian subcontinent
According to early texts, where was Siddhārtha Gautama born?
It was either a small republic, in which case his father was an elected chieftain, or an oligarchy, in which case his father was an oligarch.
What type of community was Siddhārtha Gautama raised in?
the northeastern Indian subcontinent
Where was Siddhārtha Gautama born?
fifth century BCE
When did Siddhārtha Gautama live?
a small republic
What size was Siddhārtha Gautama's birthplace?
early texts
Where did we find proof of his existence?
an oligarchy
What was most likely Siddhārtha Gautama's father?
Siddhārtha Gautama
Who was born in a northeastern part of India/
elected chieftain
If Siddhartha lived in a small republic, his father would have been a what?
Asita
What was the name of the astrologer who visited Prince Gautama's father?
Siddhartha would either become a great king or renounce the material world to become a holy man
What was the prediction made by Asita?
depending on whether he saw what life was like outside the palace walls
According to Asita, how would Siddhartha decide which path to take in life?
an astrologer
What was the occupation of the person who visited Gautama?
Suddhodana
What was the name of his father?
a great king
What was Buddha predicted to become contrary with his life as we know it?
Asita
What was the name of the astrologer that visited Gautama's father?
Suddhodana
What is Gautama's fathers name?
holy man
Asita prophesied that Siddhartha would be a kind or a what?
prevented him from leaving the palace grounds
What did Śuddhodana do to ensure that his son became a king instead of a holy man?
29
How old was Gautama when he first left the palace grounds?
he learned of the suffering of ordinary people
What happened when Gautama left the palace grounds?
encountering an old man, a sick man, a corpse and, finally, an ascetic holy man
What are the four sights in Buddhism?
a king
What did Buddha's father want him to become?
29
By what age was he venturing outside?
the four sights
What were his first four encounters called?
abandon royal life
What did Gautama do after learning about the outside world?
a king
Suddhodana wanted his son to become what?
29
At what age did Gautama venture out from the palace area?
four
How many "sights" did Gautama have that are well known?
corpse
Gautama encountered an old man, a sick man, a holy man, and a what?
went to study with famous religious teachers of the day
What was the first thing Gautama did on his spiritual quest?
the Middle Way
What is the path of moderation between the extremes of self-indulgence and self-mortification called?
prolonged fasting, breath-holding, and exposure to pain
What are some of the practices Gautama underwent on his quest?
meditation
What was the first skill Gautama learnt?
asceticism
What almost killed Gautama in his pursuit?
milk and rice
What did he receive from the locals that changed his approach?
Middle Way
What is the path of moderation called he followed?
they did not provide a permanent end to suffering
Gautama didn't like the religious teaching he initially found because of why?
milk and rice
What did Gautama accept from a village girl?
anapanasati
Gautama devoted himself to what type of meditation?
the Middle Way
Buddhists call anapanasati what?
35
How old was Gautama when he sat under the Bodhi Tree?
Ficus religiosa
What kind of tree was the Bodhi Tree?
he spent the rest of his life teaching the path of awakening he had discovered
What did Gautama spend the rest of his life doing after reaching enlightenment?
80
How old was the Buddha at the time of his death?
Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi
What is the south branch of the tree Gautama sat under called?
Ficus religiosa
What was the tree called he sat under?
Bodhi Tree
What was the tree renamed that Gautama achieved enlightenment under?
80
At what age did Gautama come to pass?
Bodhi Tree
When he was 35 Gautama sat in meditation under what tree?
Ficus religiosa
What type of tree was the Bodhi Tree?
Bodh Gaya
What town was the Bodhi Tree in?
Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi
The south branch of the original fig tree is known as?
the continual repetitive cycle of birth and death
What is samsara?
ignorance
What is avidya?
suffering, anxiety, dissatisfaction
What is dukkha?
In the Buddhist view, liberation from samsara is possible by following the Buddhist path.
Is liberation from samsara possible?
Samsara
The cycle of birth and death is called what in Buddhism?
six
How many realms of existence are there in Buddhism?
ignorance
avidya is what kind of samsara?
by following the Buddhist path
How can you be freed from samsara?
the continual repetitive cycle of birth and death
What is samsara defined as?
six
How many realms of existance are within the cycle of rebirths?
psychological
Realms can be understood as physical realms of what type of states?
avidya
Samsara is caused by what?
following the Buddhist path
A person can get away from samsara by doing what?
action, work
What does the Sanskrit term Karma translate as?
the force that drives saṃsāra
What is karma according to Buddhism?
sīla
What is theavoidance of unwholesome actions and the cultivation of positive actions called?
actions of body, speech or mind that spring from mental intent
What actions does karma refer to in Buddhism?
action, work
What is the definition of Karma from Sanskrit?
sīla
What is the avoidance of bad acts called?
cetanā
Karma's actions come from what?
vipāka
What is the result of Karma called?
the force that drives saṃsāra
What is Karma?
sīla
Avoidance of unwholesome actions and use of positive actions is called what?
result
what does vipaka mean?
Theravada Buddhism
In which branch of Buddhism is it believed that there can be no divine salvation or forgiveness for karma?
the Lotus Sutra, the Aṅgulimālīya Sūtra and the Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra
In Mahayana Buddhism, what are some Mahayana sutras that are believed to remove negative karma just by the hearing of the texts?
Vajrayana
The reciting of mantras as a means for removing past negative karma is a part of which branch of Buddhism?
Amitābha
According to Genshin, who has the power to destroy karma?
Theravada Buddhism
What Buddhism says that salvation is unattainable?
Amitābha
Who has the power to destroy bad karma?
Mahayana
What type of sutra is the Lotus Sutra?
negative
Some mantras are used for cutting off what type of karma?
Genshin
Who was the Japanese Pure Land teacher?
Amitābha
According to Genshin, whats has the power to destroy karma?
Rebirth
What is the process in which beings go through cycles of lifetimes as many forms of sentient life?
The doctrine of anattā (Sanskrit anātman)
Which doctrine denies the concept of a permanent self or soul?
the laws of cause and effect
In Buddhism, rebirth into consecutive lives is determined by what?
from conception to death.
Sentient life according to Buddhism runs between what two points?
karma
The laws of cause and effect can also be called?
Rebirth
What is the name for the process of a succession of lifetimes?
anatta
What doctrine rejects the idea of permanent self?
pratītyasamutpāda
"dependent arising" is the meaning of what word?
eternal soul
Hinduism and Christianity use what term for a permanent self?
skilled Buddhist practitioners known as anāgāmis (non-returners)
Rebirth into the Śuddhāvāsa Worlds or Pure Abodes can only be attained by who?
those who can meditate on the arūpajhānas, the highest object of meditation
Rebirth into the formless realms can only be attained by who?