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cc-by | The IN model has an advantage for use with large datasets because of its significantly faster computing time than the FA model. The IN model also avoids problems of model convergence, which may occur when using the FA model on unbalanced datasets. The relative performance of the different models did not depend on the b... | 10.1016/j.fcr.2013.07.020 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Mega-environments in the SAWYT dataset It appears that the ME in the SAWYT are not distinct enough to justify sub-setting the international nursery to target genomic predictions of yield to specific environmental conditions or for use in training genomic prediction models. The global model validated on global estimated... | 10.1016/j.fcr.2013.07.020 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | We may ask whether 1) there actually are no true ME present in the SAWYT or 2) the nature of the dataset prevents us from effectively identifying and using existing ME for predictions. It seems unlikely that the wide range of global locations present in the SAWYT all represent the same target environment, but SAWYT gen... | 10.1016/j.fcr.2013.07.020 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Data driven clusters did not improve predictions, so it may not be possible to improve on the current locational assignments. In addition, the lack of locational balance across years or the high levels of year-to-year variation within locations may mean it is not possible to meaningfully cluster locations based on geno... | 10.1016/j.fcr.2013.07.020 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | This was not the case, and the GL model had equivalent performance to the models that make separate predictions for each ME. The location by genotype interaction within ME was at least ten times greater than the genotype by ME interaction, which may help explain why ME accuracies were lower despite high correlations am... | 10.1016/j.fcr.2013.07.020 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | , 2002). In an analysis of phenotypic data for grain yield from the 17 years with SAWYT data available, Manès et al. (2012) found that a few locations in Argentina and India were significantly correlated over 50% of the time with the global mean for the lowest yielding 50% of trials. They proposed that low yielding l... | 10.1016/j.fcr.2013.07.020 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | , 2012 ). This appears to be the case in the SAWYT. However, the international breeding programs do have preliminary yield trial data in selection environments for the lines that are candidates for the international trials, and the use of genomic predictions for lines with some phenotypic data available may be a strate... | 10.1016/j.fcr.2013.07.020 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | In the CIMMYT East-African Maize programs, grouping trials into high and low-yielding environments produced a better characterization of G×E for the maize breeding programs than the existing ME, and selecting for performance within ME did not improve predicted gains compared to selecting for performance across ME (Win... | 10.1016/j.fcr.2013.07.020 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Predicting broad and specific adaptation for mega-environments Plant breeders seek to develop varieties with the best performance for their target environment or environments. Most research on genomic selection has focused on accurately predicting the genotypic mean performance over all environments, assuming that all ... | 10.1016/j.fcr.2013.07.020 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Interestingly, global forward prediction accuracies with either training set (using all the data before the validation year or a sliding window of training years before the validation year) produced approximately the same accuracy. This implies that the additional data in the training set including years farther back i... | 10.1016/j.fcr.2013.07.020 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | The global breeding program could then obtain a larger number of phenotypes from adapted lines within each key location. With central coordination of genotyping efforts and phenotypic databases, these data could be used to better define genotypic response to different environments. This is particularly important for th... | 10.1016/j.fcr.2013.07.020 | article | en | 2,013 | true | true | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Conclusion The purpose of this research was to explore the possibility of using genomic selection strategies to improve targeting of lines to different target environments in a global breeding program. This does not appear to be effective in this particular dataset, which was produced by a breeding program designed for... | 10.1016/j.fcr.2013.07.020 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | There is still germplasm exchange among the breeding programs that feed into these trials and some lines may do well under irrigated and drought conditions but selection nurseries are managed separately and lines included in the SAWYT are selected for drought tolerance. Previous authors have analyzed the different CIMM... | 10.1016/j.fcr.2013.07.020 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | , 2012). CIMMYT breeders in Ciudad Obregon have recently merged the high rainfall and drought stress target ME and modified the irrigation regimes in Ciudad Obregon to mimic different patterns of drought stress that correspond to different global environmental conditions (Trethowan and Crossa, 2007). There is also gen... | 10.1016/j.fcr.2013.07.020 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | FA models use principal component analysis on the G×E term to estimate a heterogenous variance-covariance matrix for the target environments that captures the majority of the G×E interaction variance using only a few principal components (Meyer, 2009; Smith et al. , 2005; Piepho, 1998). This makes it possible to use a... | 10.1016/j.fcr.2013.07.020 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | , 2010; Burgue ño et al. , 2012). This covariance matrix can be used regardless of whether the genetic covariance among environments is assumed to be heterogeneous or uniform. The use of high-density genetic marker data to calculate a realized relationship matrix as an estimate of the genetic covariance matrix can allo... | 10.1016/j.fcr.2013.07.020 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | A. 2. 1. Data curation Population structure can have a significant effect on the results of genome-wide association analysis if it is not identified. While population structure is less of an issue in terms of genotypic ranking in genomic selection, the presence of unidentified population structure in the training and v... | 10.1016/j.fcr.2013.07.020 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | The algorithm searches for a local optimum by moving points from one cluster to another and recalculating the within and between cluster sums of squares. The algorithm repeats the steps of assigning observations to clusters with the closest mean value (the centroid of the cluster) and calculating the new means and disp... | 10.1016/j.fcr.2013.07.020 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | , 2012) , assuming all other effects random. Plot values were adjusted for these year effects. For each validation dataset in the comparison of the four different G×E models, global or cluster-specific yield estimates were calculated in ASReml assuming independent genotypes and all effects random, using the model: yiel... | 10.1016/j.fcr.2013.07.020 | article | en | 2,013 | true | true | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | The ratio of each variance component to the genetic variance component was used in the simulation of phenotypic data as described below. Random variates were added to each true breeding value (within ME) to simulate phenotypes across locations and years. The phenotype for genotype i in year l(k) and location j(k) of ME... | 10.1016/j.fcr.2013.07.020 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements This research was supported by a grant from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The authors would like to thank all of CIMMYTs international collaborators for participating in the SAWYT network and for returning data on CIMMYT varieties. | 10.1016/j.fcr.2013.07.020 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | For instance an inflation of the type I error has been reported in another clinical context where data were sparse [15]. With the new potent triple therapies against HCV the amount of information available may also be limited by the fact that a large proportion of VL data are below LOD. Here our goal was to evaluate t... | 10.1186/1471-2288-13-60 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Clinical trial simulation We considered different designs in real-life setting, i. e. , with a limited number of VL measurements per patient. Two schedules for the VL assessments were considered, called "7 VL" and "5 VL" in the following. "7 VL" had seven VL measurements at days 0, 0. 33, 1, 2, 3, 7 and 14 whereas "5 V... | 10.1186/1471-2288-13-60 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Parameter estimation Data of each simulated trial were analyzed using MONO LIX version 4. 2 (http://www. lixoft. eu/monolix/productmonolix-overview/) [21] , a software devoted to maximum likelihood estimation of parameters in NLMEM using an extension of the stochastic approximation expectationapproximation (SAEM) algor... | 10.1186/1471-2288-13-60 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Detection of a difference in antiviral effectiveness We analyzed for each scenario the ability to detect a difference of antiviral effectiveness between the two PIs. Given that treatment antiviral effectiveness was estimated on a logistic scale we defined accordingly the difference of effectiveness between the two PIs,... | 10.1186/1471-2288-13-60 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | With ε A = 0. 999 and with values of ε B equal to 0. 998, 0. 995 and 0. 990, β were equal to 0. 7, 1. 6 and 2. 3, respectively. Type I error and power were evaluated with all designs describe above and consistent with previous analysis [15, 24] , we expect an inflation of the type I error with the Wald test. To ensure... | 10.1186/1471-2288-13-60 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Yet, the precision of both the fixed effect and inter-individual variance parameters were very close to those found with the ML uncensored data (Table 2 ), showing the relevance of maximum likelihood in the handling of censored data. Similar results were obtained when comparing the distribution of the REE from the 500... | 10.1186/1471-2288-13-60 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | For instance the software PFIM uses a first order approximation of the likelihood and, under this approximation, an analytical form of the Fisher matrix can be obtained [27]. Thus the expected variance of viral kinetic parameters could be obtained without the intensive simulations done here. Although such approximatio... | 10.1186/1471-2288-13-60 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | ) and n tot = 70 (N = 10 and n = 7 or N = 14 and n = 5), middle sample size with: n tot = 100 (N = 20 and n = 5) and n tot = 140 (N = 20 and n = 7 or N = 28 and n = 5) and larger sample size with: n tot = 150 (N = 30 and n = 5) and n tot = 210 (N = 30 and n = 7 or N = 42 and n = 5). For each scenario, K = 500 dataset w... | 10.1186/1471-2288-13-60 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Relative bias (RB) (%) and relative root mean square error (RRMSE) (%) of the estimated parameters evaluated from 500 simulated datasets. | 10.1186/1471-2288-13-60 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements We are very grateful to Dr. M. LE ROMANCER-CHERIFI ( Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard ) for kindly providing the ESR1-reporter gene. We are very grateful to Dr. Sherri S. Smith for language corrections. | 10.1371/journal.pone.0069150 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Using this particular signature, a dedicated analysis for the SM Higgs boson invisible decay was performed in [64]. The upper limit on µ Hj ≡ σ gg→Hj × B(H → inv)/σ SM gg→Hj at 95% C. L. was found to be µ Hj < 25 (50) for 200 GeV (300 GeV) Higgs boson using just 1 fb -1 of data at 7 TeV. It might be possible for 14 Te... | 10.1007/jhep11(2013)190 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments A. G. , J. J. and J. F. K were supported in part by the Slovenian Research Agency. J. Z. was supported in part by the U. S. National Science Foundation under CAREER Grant PHY-1151392. | 10.1007/jhep11(2013)190 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank the Australian Astronomical Observatory , who have made this project possible. This publication makes use of data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey , which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute o... | 10.1093/mnras/sts629 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | However, this claim has not been supported by blind tests on independent data sets provided by other experiments. The HiRes experiment has found no significant clustering signal at any angular scale up to 5 • for any energy above 10 EeV [2]. Below, we report in more details on autocorrelation analyses performed on TA ... | 10.1051/epjconf/20135301008 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | Correlation with the VCV catalogue The Pierre Auger Collaboration reported in [12, 13] a correlation of events with the AGNs in the Veron-Cetty & Veron (VCV) catalogue [14]. The first 14 events were used for an exploratory scan that yielded the following search parameters : energy threshold E th = 55 EeV, angular se... | 10.1051/epjconf/20135301008 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | For this updated sample, the amount of correlation decreased to 38 +7 -6 % [15]. For this dataset, Fig. 5 (right panel) shows the most likely value of the fraction of the correlated events plotted with black dots as a function of the total number of time-ordered events (the events used in the exploratory scan are exc... | 10.1051/epjconf/20135301008 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | The cosmic rays are shown in filled red (correlating events) and empty blue circles (non-correlating events). The AGNs are shown in black dots. In Fig. 6 (right panel), the number of TA events correlating with AGNs is shown as a function of the total number of events with E > 57 EeV ordered according to arrival time. ... | 10.1051/epjconf/20135301008 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | 02, since the probability of a single event to correlate is 24% under the isotropic hypothesis. The most recent values of the Auger correlating fraction and the TA correlating fraction are compatible. More data is necessary to show whether this correlation is statistically significant or not. | 10.1051/epjconf/20135301008 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | Correlations with BLLac Another possible scenario for sources of UHECRs are BL Lacertae objects, which are a sub-class of blazars, active galaxies with beamed emission from a relativistic jet which is aligned roughly toward our line of sight. Using a technique based on the angular correlation function, a correlation of... | 10.1051/epjconf/20135301008 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | For example, given the existing bounds on the extragalactic fields [26] and recent estimates of the Galactic one [27] one can check that protons of energies of order 6 × 10 19 eV should not be deflected by more than ∼ 3 -5 • except in the direction of the Galactic center. If stronger lower bounds on deflections at ... | 10.1051/epjconf/20135301008 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | The distributions of the mean log-likelihood (LL/N data ) thus obtained were compared to the value obtained for the data. The data are compatible with the models and differ from average isotropic expectations. The fraction f of isotropic realizations that have a higher likelihood than the data is about 0. 02 for Swift-... | 10.1051/epjconf/20135301008 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | Project Structure European laboratories have made crucial contributions in the field of mosquito molecular biology, genetics, biology, and epidemiology and have established a number of valuable facilities to perform and supporting the use of the facility infrastructure by individual researchers. Networking activities h... | 10.1179/2047772413z.000000000174 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | New sophisticated bioinformatics approaches have been developed to keep pace with unprecedented developments in sequencing technologies. New gene manipulation technologies have been developed that allow the selective targetting of mosquito genome sequences and the engineering of large mosquito populations. A confined r... | 10.1179/2047772413z.000000000174 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Such enhanced infrastructure capacity will be mobilized towards the development of networking and research activities that have the objective to (1) generate a European risk map for viruses potentially transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, (2) validate the cost effectiveness and the safety of GM mosquitoes for vector contro... | 10.1179/2047772413z.000000000174 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements I wish to thank Clelia Supparo , the project manager of INFRAVEC , for her competence, enthusiasm, and dedication that have been crucial in ensuring the successful implementation of the project. | 10.1179/2047772413z.000000000174 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Data collection A qualitative floristic exploration has been conducted in 2009 and 2010. Sampling was carried out on alternate days. All the species observed were collected and duly identified with the help of local floras (Bentham and Hooker 1862 -1883; Gamble and Fischer 1915 -1935; Matthew 1981 Matthew -1983;; Nai... | 10.15560/9.3.555 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/11 |
cc-by | Climbing plants, mostly belonging to Asclepiadaceae, Menispermaceae and Vitaceae recorded flowering peak in the dry months between March and August. The results of the present study are in conformity with earlier ones obtained from other regions (Kephart 1987; Morellato and Leitao-Filho 1996). Seasonal variation in th... | 10.15560/9.3.555 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/11 |
cc-by | This check list provides important baseline information on the successful plants that may be introduced in a damaged ecosystem or barren area for expanding the green cover in comparable regions. It will serve as a genetic resource for future references since there is a threat of genetic erosion due to global warming an... | 10.15560/9.3.555 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/11 |
cc-by | Binomials of Herbaceous (H)and Climbing (C) plants, their life forms (LF), occurrence status (OS), reproductive phenology and available Tamil vernacular names of the eco-restoration site. Note: 01-12 =January-December; Acc. No= Accession Number. | 10.15560/9.3.555 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/11 |
cc-by | The need for an efficient and standard technique for optimal spectral sampling of hyperspectral data during the inversion of canopy reflectance models has been the subject of many studies. The objective of this study was to investigate the utility of the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) for extracting useful features f... | 10.3390/rs5062639 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | The LUT inversion was performed with three different datasets, the original reflectance bands, the full set of wavelet extracted features, and two wavelet subsets containing 99. 99% and 99. 0% of the cumulative energy. | 10.3390/rs5062639 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | The need for an efficient and standard technique for optimal spectral sampling of hyperspectral data during the inversion of canopy reflectance models has been the subject of many studies. The objective of this study was to investigate the utility of the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) for extracting useful features f... | 10.3390/rs5062639 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | The LUT inversion was performed with three different datasets, the original reflectance bands, the full set of wavelet extracted features, and two wavelet subsets containing 99. 99% and 99. 0% of the cumulative energy. | 10.3390/rs5062639 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Several model inversion techniques are available [16, 22, 23]. Traditional inversion methods like optimization techniques iteratively adjust model parameters until the modeled reflectance 'fits' or matches measured reflectance. These iterative optimization approaches are not feasible for complex models with slow compu... | 10.3390/rs5062639 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | These studies have shown its importance as an effective tool for reducing the dimensionality of hyperspectral data while maintaining information content for a variety of applications. Banskota et al. [40] and Pu and Gong [41] have also demonstrated the importance of wavelet analysis for empirical estimation of LAI i... | 10.3390/rs5062639 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | The advantages of DWT in LUT inversion are threefold. First, it transforms the correlated set of spectral features into wavelet features at different scales; the information carried at different scales is less correlated because of the orthogonal nature of transformation [39]. Second, most of the wavelet coefficients ... | 10.3390/rs5062639 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | g. , chlorophyll), whereas, parameters like LAI, canopy cover and leaf angle affect reflectance over a much wider region of the spectrum. The multi-resolution analysis by discrete wavelet transform offers the possibility of re-distributing the effects of different parameters on canopy reflectance in a single band over ... | 10.3390/rs5062639 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | AVIRIS Image Processing Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data used in this study (Flight ID: f080713t01 and f080714t01) were acquired in July 2008 on NASA's ER-2 aircraft at an altitude of 20 km, yielding a pixel (i. e. , spatial) resolution of approximately 17 m (16. 8-17. 0 m). The AVIRIS instr... | 10.3390/rs5062639 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | We removed this effect by developing band-wise bilinear trend surfaces, ignoring all cloud/shadow-masked pixels, and trend-normalizing the images by subtracting the illumination trend surface and adding the image mean. Atmospheric correction of the cross-track illumination corrected images to TOC reflectance employed t... | 10.3390/rs5062639 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | e. , LAI = L e /Ω). Hemispherical images were collected at 18 plots (60 m × 60 m) characterized by broadleaf decidous forest types. All measurements were made during the peak of the summer growing seasons in 2008 and 2010 during uniformly overcast skies or during dusk or dawn when the sun was hidden by the horizon. Ima... | 10.3390/rs5062639 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Creation of LUT Database Construction of a LUT of reflectance values for a large number of bands with a 3-D model such as DART requires an unacceptable computational time. We used an efficient strategy to populate the Cover = 100% Cover = 90% Cover = 70% Cover = 80% LUT grid with a sufficient number of DART simulations... | 10.3390/rs5062639 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Together with the PROSPECT parameters, the parameters that were systematically varied (free parameters) were leaf area index (LAI), leaf angle distribution (LAD), soil reflectance (SL), and crown cover (CC). The range for some of the parameters (Cab, LAI, DM, and EWT) were set based upon the databases of leaf measureme... | 10.3390/rs5062639 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Calculation of Discrete Wavelet Coefficients When computing the DWT, two input parameters are required: the choice of mother wavelet and the level of decomposition. We chose the Haar mother wavelet as it is the simplest of all available mother wavelets, and recent investigations have illustrated its effectiveness in hy... | 10.3390/rs5062639 | article | en | 2,013 | true | true | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | All the detail wavelet coefficients calculated at each level and approximation coefficients at final level were concatenated to produce a test dataset with 17 cases. We also calculated similar coefficients for each simulated reflectance in LUT and concatenated them with the corresponding model parameters to construct a... | 10.3390/rs5062639 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | LUT Inversion LUT inversion required similarity matching between wavelet coefficients from plot spectra (measured) and the wavelet coefficients from simulated spectra (modeled). Similarity was assessed using a least root mean square error (RMSE) comparison of the simulated and measured coefficients according to Equatio... | 10.3390/rs5062639 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | According to [32] , the best parameter retrieval is achieved when the number of solutions q ranges between 10 and 50. Consequently, for each of the 17 cases considered in the test dataset, q = {10, 20, 30, 40 and 50} closest matching LUT entries with the lowest RMSE were selected according to Equation (5). Out of the... | 10.3390/rs5062639 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | The results also demonstrate that the different number of solutions estimated LAI with different accuracies. The differences were greatest between q = 10 and q = 30 with the latter providing the best estimates for all three datasets. This is consistent with the results obtained by Weiss et al. [32] as they also found ... | 10.3390/rs5062639 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Conclusion The main objective of this study was to investigate the utility of the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) for estimating forest leaf area index (LAI) via inversion of the Discrete Anisotropy Radiative Transfer (DART) model using airborne hyperspectral data (AVIRIS). The DWT transforms the hyperspectral data in... | 10.3390/rs5062639 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | The biomarker data are therefore considered representative of the entire ZOOM study population. The post hoc clinical screening based on the NP-C SI did not yield much additional information in this study because most disease features comprising the NP-C SI itself were reflected in the ZOOM study inclusion criteria. Pa... | 10.1093/hmg/ddt284 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | A remarkably large number of patients in the NP-C negative group in the current study had VSGP, which is associated with a high score weighting within the SI, accounting for the relatively high proportion of NP-C negative patients with high SI scores. It would be of interest to determine the final diagnoses in these pa... | 10.1093/hmg/ddt284 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Data collection Anonymized data were collected by site investigators or clinical research staff using a standard electronic data capture (EDC) form for each patient, and uploaded to a secure study database. Data quality was maintained and checked periodically, and the EDC system incorporated an audit trail for all entr... | 10.1093/hmg/ddt284 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Genetic and biochemical analyses Blood samples were collected from all patients for NPC1 and NPC2 gene sequencing analysis, which included characterisation of exons and exon-intron boundaries. MLPA was performed where NPC1 and NPC2 sequencing results were not conclusive. Investigators were also encouraged to refer pati... | 10.1093/hmg/ddt284 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | All heterozygote carriers with only one published or novel mutant NP-C allele and no filipin staining data were classified as 'NP-C uncertain' based on the possibility that they could either not have NP-C, or be NP-C patients in whom the molecular diagnosis had not been established due to a lack of testing sensitivity.... | 10.1093/hmg/ddt284 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors wish to acknowledge David Calle at Nuvisan CDS, Madrid, Spain for conducting the statistical analyses, and Dr Arndt Rolfs and Dr Christine Remy for their contributions to the design and conduct of the study. The authors also wish to pay tribute to the late Dr J. Edmond Wraith for his... | 10.1093/hmg/ddt284 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | First, the results of our studies reveal that MeJA delays the switch from the mitotic cell cycle to the endoreduplication cycle in a COI1-dependent manner as well as inhibits the mitotic cycle itself, arresting the cell cycle in G1 prior to the S transition. These data allow us to propose a novel model for MeJA-regulat... | 10.1104/pp.113.214908 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/11 |
cc-by | Molecular Understanding of the Action of MeJA on Cell Cycle Regulation during Leaf Development Using Full-Genome Transcript Profiling Publicly available microarray studies conducted on whole seedlings and single time points designed mainly to analyze the role of JAs with regard to their function during stress and defen... | 10.1104/pp.113.214908 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/11 |
cc-by | Leaf Measurements First true leaves of Arabidopsis seedlings grown on horizontal plates as described above were collected at 9, 13, and 19 DAS, cleared in 100% ethanol, mounted in DL-lactic acid on microscope slides, and photographed. Leaf abaxial epidermal cells (40-100 cells) were drawn for four to 21 leaves with a D... | 10.1104/pp.113.214908 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/11 |
cc-by | Root Measurements In both MeJA-treated and untreated plants, primary root, cell, and root hair lengths were measured in 6-d-old seedlings vertically grown (75°to the horizontal). The length of a cell was determined between two fully expanded root hairs on the same cell file via high-resolution images using DIC microsco... | 10.1104/pp.113.214908 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/11 |
cc-by | Samples were observed using a Carl Zeiss LSM510 META confocal laser microscope. To measure nucleus size in the root meristem, three to six confocal optical sections, collected at approximately 1-mm intervals using identical confocal settings, were merged. Surface areas of individual nuclei within the same epidermal cel... | 10.1104/pp.113.214908 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/11 |
cc-by | Microarray Experiments and Data Analysis The first true leaves of Col gl1 and coi1-16B at 9, 13, and 19 DAS grown horizontally on Murashige and Skoog medium as described above with and without 50 mM MeJA were collected, snap frozen immediately, and stored at 280°C until further RNA extraction. aos samples were collecte... | 10.1104/pp.113.214908 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/11 |
cc-by | arabidopsis. info/). Data were generated from two independent biological replicates for all samples but the 19-DAS time point, for which only one replicate was available (Affymetrix; NASCARRAY-568/573). ATH1 Expression Profiling and Data Analysis RNA samples were hybridized to single Affymetrix ATH1 Genome arrays at th... | 10.1104/pp.113.214908 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/11 |
cc-by | S7, A and B ). The BioConductor package Limma, which employs a hierarchical model to estimate the t statistics, was used to identify differentially expressed genes (Smyth, 2004). The default settings from the front-end package affylmGUI were employed (Wettenhall et al. , 2006). The hierarchical model applied by Limm... | 10.1104/pp.113.214908 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/11 |
cc-by | We performed GO analysis using the DAVID package (Huang et al. , 2007a (Huang et al. , , 2007b) ) of the differentially regulated transcripts in Col gl1. Clustered heat maps and similarity trees were produced with The Institute for Genomic Research Multi Experiment Viewer (www. tm4. org/mev/). | 10.1104/pp.113.214908 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/11 |
cc-by | All reactions took place in triplicate. Melting curves were analyzed to check primer specificity. We assessed the primer reaction efficiencies using the Comparative Quantitation Report for all genes of interest and the reference genes. All primer reaction efficiencies were comparable around 90%. Levels of each transcri... | 10.1104/pp.113.214908 | article | en | 2,013 | true | true | false | false | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/11 |
cc-by | ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank Amar Patel and Danielle Minns for technical help and Fred Ausubel , Lazslo Bögre , Enrique Lopez-Juez , and Fran Robson for critical comments. A. D. designed the research; A. D. , S. N. , B. M. , N. T. , T. I. , T. -L. T. , and V. B. performed the research; A. D. , S. N. , B. M. , N. T... | 10.1104/pp.113.214908 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/11 |
cc-by | 1 m. Forty-five lines were flown to cover the 150 km 2 study area. LiDAR data were georeferenced to Lambert-RGF93/IGN-69 coordinates, using differential GPS measurements. The laser points (X-, Y-, Z-coordinates) were then classified in ground and vegetation points with TerraScan software (Axelsson, 1999). Ground and h... | 10.1051/kmae/2013068 | article | en | 2,013 | true | true | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | > RADAR IMAGES We used a series of five TerraSAR-X satellite images (Table I ). TerraSAR-X is characterized by an active phased array X-Band system, with a 9. 65-GHz center frequency , a near-polar orbit around the earth and is able to register images with a spatial resolution of approximately one meter, regardless of... | 10.1051/kmae/2013068 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Images were pre-processed in order to reduce speckle noise (Lee, 1981) , and correct the topographic deformations using PolSARpro 4. 2 (http://earth. eo. esa. int/polsarpro/) and Nest Dat 4C (http://nest. array. ca/web/nest) opensource software programs. Images were then georeferenced in the Lambert-RGF93/IGN-69 syste... | 10.1051/kmae/2013068 | article | en | 2,013 | true | true | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | The mosaicking process and digital surface model (DSM) generation were performed with the Agisoft PhotoScan software (http://www. agisoft. ru/) (Figure 3D ). With no ground control points, absolute accuracy is about 5 m, thus we orthorectified the mosaic with the ArcGIS software based on orthophotograpies provided by ... | 10.1051/kmae/2013068 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Automatic classifications regarding heterogeneous riparian corridors data can be performed at fine scales using LIDAR data. We applied a supervised oriented-object classification on the LiDAR data acquired on the Pleine-Fougères site, by considering seven land cover classes, including five vegetation classes, roads and... | 10.1051/kmae/2013068 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | , 2007) but some distortions were noticed on the mosaic margins (Figure 8A ). A digital surface elevation (DSM) has also been automatically generated using the Agisoft software. The vertical resolution corresponds to the mosaic spatial resolution (see for example the pile of wood on Figure 8C and 8D ). | 10.1051/kmae/2013068 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | , 2012). Fine resolution SAR datasets show great potential for riparian mapping and monitoring in this respect. To provide fully operational tools some progress is needed, notably in terms of data treatment to develop more automatic procedures to extract information from images and to calculate indicators (see for exam... | 10.1051/kmae/2013068 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Rennes metropolis for funding UAV project. The master of Charles Trolle ( UAV project) was funded by the Atlantic Aquatic Conservation Resources project (AARC Intereg. | 10.1051/kmae/2013068 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Discussion First of all, our method provides reliable results, since they are very close to those obtained by other authors on the same fossil with confocal microscopy [1] [9]. Moreover, our count of perikymata is fully automatic and very fast (a few minutes). Finally, in addition to general statements on periodicity ... | 10.1364/boe.4.002124 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Computer Science | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
cc-by | Nevertheless, if we consider data graphically provided by Dean and Reid in 2001 [1] , it seems clear that the periodicity of perikymata at the cervix in Paranthropus, is hardly less than 100 microns. This Paranthropus value is much higher to the one measured on the two lower permanent incisors of KB5223. In the cervic... | 10.1364/boe.4.002124 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Computer Science | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
cc-by | In this study, we demonstrate with observer-independent, accurate and reliable measurements, that the periodicity of perikymata decreases towards the cervix in two fossil hominin teeth from Kromdraai B : one central and one lateral permanent incisor of KB5223. It is difficult to compare our results with data on Paranth... | 10.1364/boe.4.002124 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Computer Science | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments This study was partly supported by the European Commission Marie Curie Research Training Network (European Virtual Anthropology Network ; http://www. evan. at),according to the Contract MRT NCT -2005 -019564 (FP6 ). | 10.1364/boe.4.002124 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Computer Science | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
cc-by | The vegetation sub-model, CANOPT is an individual-centered model of pasture species growth that simulates the dynamics of a plant population made up of average individuals. Population turnover, shoot and root morphogenesis, photosynthesis, respiration, transpiration, N acquisition by uptake, allocation of assimilates b... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0077372 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | A third environment module computes the radiative and N balances among soil and canopy layers. Finally, a management module runs discrete events creating disturbance (by cutting and/or grazing) and supplying nutrients (N fertilizer supply). GEMINI allows one to investigate the details of physiological and morphological... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0077372 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
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