license stringclasses 1
value | text stringlengths 66 12.2k | doi stringlengths 10 59 | type stringclasses 14
values | detected_lang stringclasses 6
values | publication_year float64 2.01k 2.02k | is_dataset bool 2
classes | is_software bool 2
classes | is_acknowledgement bool 2
classes | is_clinicaltrial bool 2
classes | field_name stringclasses 26
values | field_id stringclasses 26
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
cc-by | Acknowledgements This work was funded by the Irish Science Foundation (SFI) grants 05/RP1/ B908 and 05/RP1/908/EC07 awarded to BJL. The authors thank the Broad Institute and the investigators of 'the Origins of Multicellularity Sequencing Project, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT ' [110] for making data publ... | 10.1186/gb-2013-14-2-r11 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Data access This whole genome shotgun project has been deposited at DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank under the accession AHJI00000000. The version described in this paper is the first version, AHJI01000000. The RNA. seq data are available under accessions SRA061350 and SRA061370-SRA061379. | 10.1186/gb-2013-14-2-r11 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | NICE NEWs IN thE ANNALs Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2013; 95: 535-537 c) It was suggested that NICE should keep its lists of society officers up to date more efficiently. NICE will consider whether it is feasible to achieve an annual update of the lead contact in each of the numerous societies on its database and, at a minimu... | 10.1308/003588413x13629960049234 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Economics, Econometrics and Finance | https://openalex.org/fields/20 |
cc-by | The ERA-Interim/Land is a global land-surface dataset covering the period 1979-2010 and describing the evolution of the soil (moisture and temperature) and snowpack. ERA-Interim/Land is the result of a single 32 yr simulation with the latest ECMWF land surface model driven by meteorological forcing from the ERA-Interim... | 10.5194/hessd-10-14705-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Dataset and methods The experimental set-up makes use of offline (or stand-alone) land simulations, which represents a convenient framework for isolating benefits and deficiencies of different land surface parameterizations (Polcher et al. , 1998). In addition, in terms of computational cost, given the complexity of t... | 10.5194/hessd-10-14705-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Back Close Full In this study, offline runs are performed both at the global and point scales. All the 3 hourly meteorological forcing parameters were linearly interpolated in time to the land surface model integration time step of 30 min. The land-use information has been derived from the United States Geophysical Sur... | 10.5194/hessd-10-14705-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Validation and supporting datasets The quality of ERA-Interim/Land builds upon an error correction methodology applied to the forcing precipitation and on a comprehensive verification applied to the different compartments of the water and energy cycle at the surface. In the following the datasets entering the ERA-Inter... | 10.5194/hessd-10-14705-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | GPCP v2. 1 precipitation The GPCP dataset merges satellite and rain gauge data from a number of satellite sources including the Global Precipitation Index, the Outgoing Long-wave Radiation, Precipitation Index, the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) emission, the SSM/I scattering, and the TIROS Operational Vertica... | 10.5194/hessd-10-14705-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | FLUXNET land energy fluxes Available observational data for the year 2006 from the Boreal Ecosystem Research and Monitoring Sites (BERMS, Betts et al. , 2006) , the FLUXNET project (Baldocchi Figures Back Close Full As part of the CEOP program, reference site observations from the Amazonian region also belonging to ... | 10.5194/hessd-10-14705-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | The GTS-SYNOP observing network The SYNOP datasets provide daily observations of the main weather parameters and selected land surface quantities such as snow depth, at a large number of sites worldwide. The snow data are acquired at a minimum frequency of once a day and represent the only quantitative snow-depth measu... | 10.5194/hessd-10-14705-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | The GRDC river discharge dataset The Global Runoff Data Centre (GRDC) operates under the auspice of the World Meteorological Organization and provides data for verification of atmospheric and hydrologic models. The GRDC database is updated continuously, and contains daily and monthly discharge data information for over... | 10.5194/hessd-10-14705-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Soil hydrology A revised soil hydrology in TESSEL was proposed by van den Hurk and Viterbo (2003) for the Baltic basin. These model developments were in response to known weaknesses of the TESSEL hydrology: specifically the choice of a single global soil texture, which does not characterize different soil moisture re... | 10.5194/hessd-10-14705-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Results The resources dynamical range in the past 3 decades associated with snow and unsaturated soil layers. The evolution of ERA-Interim/Land along the 32 yr of this dataset and its differences with respect to ERA-Interim are illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4 for both soil moisture and snow water equivalent. The stabili... | 10.5194/hessd-10-14705-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Snow The verification of snowfields considers two different observational datasets to evaluate the snow evolution in ERA-Interim and ERA-Interim/Land: (i) the SYNOP daily snow depth and (ii) datasets from the former USSR. The 1979-1993 former USSR dataset was used in Brun et al. (2013) to evaluate simulated snow prop... | 10.5194/hessd-10-14705-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Back Close Full within the EU-funded ERA-CLIM project, moreover it can open up new possibilities of considering more advanced data assimilation schemes (e. g. Fowler and van Leeuwen, 2012) , especially designed for non-linear systems. The skill of an ERA-Interim/Land variant (with no precipitation readjustment) togethe... | 10.5194/hessd-10-14705-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | The ERA-Interim/Land added value components encompass soil, snow and vegetation description upgrades, as well as a bias correction of the ERA-Interim monthly-accumulated precipitation based on GPCP v. 2. 1. In the Northern Hemisphere the precipitation correction is shown to be effective in reducing the bias over US and... | 10.5194/hessd-10-14705-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | , 2012). The ERA-Interim/Land dataset has been used operationally at ECMWF since 2010 for the initialization of the past reforecasts needed for the monthly forecasting (Vitart et al. , 2008) and the seasonal prediction systems (Molteni et al. , 2011). Ongoing research effort includes the extension of this dataset be... | 10.5194/hessd-10-14705-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Dataset access The ERA-Interim/Land dataset is freely available and it can be downloaded from: http: //apps. ecmwf. int/datasets/. | 10.5194/hessd-10-14705-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements. Authors thank R. Riddaway from ECMWF for his valuable comments on the text and C. O'Sullivan and A. Bowen are thanked for their help in improving the figures. Eric Brun is thanked for his interest and precious advise on ERA-Interim/Land snow verification. This work used eddy covariance data a... | 10.5194/hessd-10-14705-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Data analysis Approximately 15 × 10 6 Pb-Pb events, recorded during the first LHC heavy-ion run in 2010 at √ s NN = 2. 76 TeV, were analyzed. A minimum bias trigger was used, requiring two pixel chips hit in the SPD in coincidence with a signal in the VZERO-A and VZERO-C detectors. Measurements were also made with the ... | 10.1016/j.physletb.2013.05.039 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | In both Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 as well as in the next figures, the error bar of each point corresponds to the statistical uncertainty (typically the size of the marker). The systematic uncertainty is represented by the shaded band around each point. The origin and the value of the assigned systematic uncertainty on the wi... | 10.1016/j.physletb.2013.05.039 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | Centrality dependence The width of the balance function (Eq. 3) as a function of the centrality percentile is presented in Fig. 4. Central (peripheral) collisions correspond to small (large) centrality percentile. The width is calculated in the entire interval where the balance function was measured (i. e. 0. 0 < ∆η < ... | 10.1016/j.physletb.2013.05.039 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | To further quantify the previous observation, Fig. 7 presents the relative decrease of ∆η (a) and ∆ϕ (b) from peripheral to central collisions as a function of the mean number of participating nucleons, N part , for the highest SPS 3 [9] and RHIC [17] energies, compared to the values reported in this Letter. In th... | 10.1016/j.physletb.2013.05.039 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements We would like to thank Scott Pratt for providing us with the blast-wave model calculations and fruitful discussions. The ALICE Collaboration would like to thank all its engineers and technicians for their invaluable contributions to the construction of the experiment and the CERN accelerator teams fo... | 10.1016/j.physletb.2013.05.039 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments We would like to thank Sebastien Garcia-Saenz for useful discussions. PdF would like to thank the University of Geneva for its hospitality during the earlier part of this work. AM would like to thank CERN for its hospitality during the latest stage of this work. AM is supported by the NSF GRFP ... | 10.1007/jhep07(2013)067 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | Contrary to classical interpolation approaches (linear, cubic, B-spline, …), which result in blurred reconstructions, the nonlocal patch-based strategy can reconstruct high frequency information by enforcing pattern regularity rather than imposing some smoothness constraint, thus yielding better image quality reconstru... | 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.06.030 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | • CLASR: Collaborative and locally adaptive super-resolution As mentioned above, it is possible to improve SR reconstruction by using HR priors from another image. Originally proposed for the SR reconstruction of LR T2-w data using HR T1-w MRI, we propose to apply this type of approach to DW imaging. Here, we first pro... | 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.06.030 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Second, 10 repetitions were averaged to ensure a very high SNR for our gold standard (see Fig. 2 ). The advantages of performing image processing validation on DW gold standard instead of using synthetic data has been already demonstrated for DW image denoising purposes (Tristan-Vega and Aja-Fernandez, 2009). Finally, ... | 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.06.030 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Implementation details All our experiments were performed using MATLAB 7. 4 (Mathworks Inc. ) on a 6-core Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU W3670 at 3. 2GHz with 16 GB RAM. Both LASR and CLASR were implemented using multithreaded C-MEX. Image intensities were scaled linearly between 0-255 and rescaled to original intensity range af... | 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.06.030 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Impact of the choice of priors on image reconstruction To investigate the advantage of using b0 image priors more deeply, we performed two additional experiments. First, we designed an experiment to analyze the role of the high SNR of b0 image (i. e. , higher than DW images) in CLASR reconstruction. Second, we proposed... | 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.06.030 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | The intensity range of b0 image was scaled to the intensity of DWI before adding the same synthetic Rician noise as previously. Both datasets were then processed with the proposed pipeline including the denoising step. In addition to CLASR reconstruction, LASR reconstruction was achieved on both datasets to be used as ... | 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.06.030 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | In a second experiment, we compared the CLASR reconstruction using b0 image as a prior and the first DW image as a prior. The DW image used as prior was removed from datasets of DW images to be reconstructed. Figure 6 shows the results of the experiment in terms of PSNR and MSSIM improvements compared to LASR method ... | 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.06.030 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | • Impact of misalignment on image reconstruction quality As mentioned previously, DW datasets c a n b e c o r r u p t e d b y m o t i o n a r t i f a c t s a n d g e o m e t r i c distortions, making the alignment assumption of b0 and DW images used by CLASR no longer valid. Therefore, we studied the impact of misalign... | 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.06.030 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | In all cases studied, CLASR produced the lowest angular error. However, one can note that angular profiles agree closely with the gold standard f o r all three methods. In the 6-7% of non-agreement, the underestimation/overestimation is on average equal to 1. 0, i. e. there is no strong bias towards underestimation or ... | 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.06.030 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | In this experiment, we limited the reconstruction at 0. 4x0. 4x0. 4mm 3 for practical reasons in order to keep reconstruction time and memory requirement reasonable during fiber tracking. Figure 15 shows reconstruction results using only the first acquisition of the 10 datasets used for the gold standard construction... | 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.06.030 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Finally, in order to verify the reproducibility of our fiber tracking results, we performed the same experiment using the second acquisition of our dataset. The results are presented in Figure 17. As for the first acquisition we observed that fiber tracking is improved after denoising and that a larger extent of CR is... | 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.06.030 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | , 2010a). In case of large misalignments, the DW dataset will not provide reliable measurement and thus a distortion correction procedure has to be applied first to avoid bias during DW image analysis (Mangin et al. , 2002; Rohde et al. , 2003) , independently of using CLASR. Registration-based approaches usually perf... | 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.06.030 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments We thank the reviewers for their useful comments that helped improve the paper. We also want to thank the Pr Louis Collins for proofreading this paper and his fruitful comments. Finally, we want to thank Martine Bordessoules for her help during image acquisition of DWI used to build the phantom. Thi... | 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.06.030 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Therefore the first objective of this paper is to report the calibration and the profile qualification procedure on a unique 2-yr fluorescence dataset collected by southern elephant seals (SES hereafter) within the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean. From this data we will assess how in situ measurements compare with ... | 10.5194/essd-5-15-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | 5 μg l -1 a range matching well the chl a concentration generally encountered within the SO. The Cyclops 7 was integrated in a new CTD-Fluo Satellite Relay Data Loggers (Tags hereafter). They were built by the Sea Mammal Research Unit (SMRU) (University of St. Andrews, Scotland). Fluorescence was sampled continuously b... | 10.5194/essd-5-15-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | Deployment on elephant seals Instruments were deployed on SES either at the end of their moult in late summer to cover their pre-breeding, winter foraging trips or in October on post-breeding females. Animals were anesthetized with intravenous injection of tiletamine and zolazepam 1 : 1, and then instruments were attac... | 10.5194/essd-5-15-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | Estimation of the tag specific chl a correction coefficient: a Bayesian approach Using a Bayesian adjustment framework, and by combining for each at sea test the information available for each profiles and the HPLC values available, a chl a calibration coefficient was calculated for each CTD-Fluoro SRDL tags. A Bayesia... | 10.5194/essd-5-15-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | Back Close Full , 2005). Weakly informative and robust priors were favoured. We used uniform priors (Gelman, 2006) for standard deviation parameters. Because all slopes were expected to be positive, we used Student-t priors with mean 0, scale 10 and 7 df on a log scale (Gelman et al. , 2008). Batches of tag-specif... | 10.5194/essd-5-15-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | Secondly, we used data from the intercalibration experiment to estimate the relationship between a specific tag j and the reference fluorometer: Fluo[reference] = αj • (Fluo j -Offset j ) + ε2 (3) where ε2 is a Gaussian residual error term. When measurements from the reference fluorometer were unavailable but measureme... | 10.5194/essd-5-15-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | 9 ). In-situ chl a concentration provided by the fluorometer was weekly correlated with the MODIS. Data points were highly dispersed, but this is not surprising due to the low spatial and temporal resolution of the MODIS data used to investigate this relationship while surface values collected by the tags were associat... | 10.5194/essd-5-15-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | However the real issue is the quenching effect observed during daylight hours and requiring to be properly dealt with (Xing et al. , 2012). Models can only provide useful answers if there are sufficient data to constrain the underlying processes and validate the model output. New approaches to assimilate biological an... | 10.5194/essd-5-15-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | Both the RF signal generator and the BAW filter are molded with a resist on a module which is then soldered on a larger PCB. The output of this subset circuit is 100 Ω differential [26]. The baseband input signals are generated by an external Arbitrary Waveform Generator (Tektronix AWG 420), in which a Matlab sequence... | 10.5772/56026 | book-chapter | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | 7 Known as the Awareness Surveillance Advocacy Prevention project, it calls for a comprehensive strategy based on the pillars of awareness-raising, surveillance, advocacy and prevention to be applied in all African countries. In 2012, the (hospital-based) Rheumatic Heart Disease Global Registry (REMEDY) is the first at... | 10.1136/heartjnl-2013-303896 | review | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Moreover, the non-spherical fraction retrieved by AERONET significantly increased. The real part of the complex refractive index was up to 1. 55 at 440 nm during the eruption, compared to background data of about 1. 46 before the eruption. Collocated lidar data revealed that several aerosol layers were present between ... | 10.5194/acp-13-3705-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Remote sensing measurements were performed at many atmospheric stations in Europe during this event. Among them was a sun-photometer/micro-lidar system that conducted continuous observations in Lille during that period. The micro-lidar used was the Cloud and Aerosol Micro Lidar (CAML) developed by CIMEL (Pelon et al. ... | 10.5194/acp-13-3705-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | The paper is structured as follows: Sect. 2 is dedicated to the description and analysis of aerosol columnar properties retrieved from AERONET and of height-resolved data available from lidar, separately. In Sect. 3 the paper presents the results of joint sun-photometer/lidar inversion performed for a selection of rele... | 10.5194/acp-13-3705-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | , 2002b). The contrast between 15 and 17 April is quite significant and larger than the expected uncertainty on these parameters of 0. 03. In all these cases, AOD values at 440 nm are always larger than 0. 40; therefore, the accuracy of AERONET products is good (Dubovik et al. , 2002b). AERONET retrievals (APF and SSA... | 10.5194/acp-13-3705-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | , 2005) , 55 sr (Schuster et al. , 2012) and volcanic particles in case study, 42 sr, (Derimian et al. , 2012). LR was also calculated from AERONET data for 15 April, and a value of 71 sr was found. At the end of May, when the volcanic activity ceased and the atmosphere was clear of ash particles, LR values returned... | 10.5194/acp-13-3705-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Lidar/sun-photometer inversion In order to provide an estimate of ash mass concentration (AMC) from extinction profiles, which is our main objective, first we recall the lidar equation and describe the applied instrumental corrections. Then, the inversion methodology is described and uncertainty is evaluated. Among the... | 10.5194/acp-13-3705-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Methodology This section focuses on relating optical extinction derived from remote sensing retrievals based on lidar and sun photometer to the AMC. The specific extinction coefficient is a parameter of particular interest in this case since AMC estimates can be derived from the extinction coefficient by applying an ag... | 10.5194/acp-13-3705-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | An estimate of AMC during nighttime has therefore been performed and is detailed below. In Sect. 3 we described how the sunphotometer AOD is used to retrieve the extinction profiles and LR during the daytime processing. However, since no sun-photometer data are available during nighttime, a prescribed LR for ash (LR AL... | 10.5194/acp-13-3705-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements. This study was supported by CNRS-INSU , CNES , Lille 1 University and Région Nord-Pas de Calais and FP6/Mobility program under the Marie-Curie project TOTECAT. Authors are very grateful to AERONET (http://aeronet. gsfc. nasa. gov/) team and NOAA HYSPLIT Air Resource Laboratory model (http... | 10.5194/acp-13-3705-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Leaf Area Index (LAI) is a key parameter in the Earth System Models (ESMs) since it strongly affects land-surface boundary conditions and the exchange of matter and energy with the atmosphere. Observations and data products derived from satellite remote sensing are important for the validation and evaluation of ESMs fr... | 10.3390/rs5083637 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | The existence of vegetation models that use prescribed climate represents a unique opportunity to compare and contrast the effect of inner climatic variation on ESMs against the effect of differences in the vegetation modules. In other words, comparing different LSMs allows the detection of flaws in the vegetation dyna... | 10.3390/rs5083637 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Satellite Data The LAI data set used in this study (LAI3g) was generated using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) from the latest version (third generation) of GIMMS AVHRR NDVI data for the period July 1981 to December 2010 at 15-day frequency [86]. The ANN was trained with best-quality Collection 5 MODIS LAI product ... | 10.3390/rs5083637 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Leaf Phenology Analysis Growing season onset, dormancy and length were all calculated based on the LAI seasonal amplitude. In fact, LAI has been shown to have a normal distribution over the year in northern latitudes [71] , so we consider the start of the growing season to be 20% of the maximum amplitude. The values o... | 10.3390/rs5083637 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | LAI represent the minimum and maximum LAI over one year for the grid cell (x,y). This procedure was repeated on each grid cell and for each year for any given CMIP5 model. The length of the growing season was then calculated as the number of months with a value above this threshold; the onset is the first month above t... | 10.3390/rs5083637 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | It should also be noted that, to be consistent with LAI, we show the precipitation and temperature only over the land points of the Northern Hemisphere. Finally, we selected CRU as reference data for the validation of climatic variables since it has been used as input data in the offline simulations [90]. The evaluati... | 10.3390/rs5083637 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | The large bias found in BNU-ESM could be related in some way to the strong wet bias that this model has in reproducing the observed precipitation. Specifically, whilst the mean annual precipitation as reported by CRU data is 520 mm/yr, BNU-ESM shows a mean value of 802 mm/yr. However, it should also be noted that, exce... | 10.3390/rs5083637 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | The seasonal amplitude patterns show large disagreement between the models and the satellite data (Figure 3 ). Some models (e. g. , BNU-ESM and MIROC-ESM) clearly overestimate the mean amplitude, which is particularly evident over the whole North America and Eurasia. Other models (e. g. , CESM1-BGC, HadGEM2-CC, MPI-ES... | 10.3390/rs5083637 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | It is evident that all models are keeping inactive leaves for longer than they should, which does not have any impact on the carbon cycle but could potentially modify surface radiation budget and turbulent fluxes, affecting therefore the PBL dynamics, which in turn could lead to potential bias in lower atmospheric dyna... | 10.3390/rs5083637 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Conclusions We compared LAI as simulated by 11 Earth-System Models against satellite data and uncoupled models [73] , for the Northern Hemisphere during the 1986-2005 period. We compared the mean annual LAI, the spatial pattern of LAI and the onset, dormancy and length of the growing season. Our results show that mode... | 10.3390/rs5083637 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme 's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups (listed in Table 1 of this paper) for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP the US Department of Energy's Program for... | 10.3390/rs5083637 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | spectrophotometry, immunoturbidimetry) and heterogeneous IC assays in high-workload laboratories with a throughput of 3 to 15 million tests per year. One cobas 8000 configuration consists of up to four analytical modules and is built with a fast rack transport unit, an optional ISE unit (cobas ISE module), two high-thr... | 10.1177/2211068212472183 | article | en | 2,013 | true | true | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | 6 s, resulting in an effective cycle time of 1. 8 s. This is combined with parallel pipetting of four reagent probes, two from each of the cooled reagent storage compartments referred to as "reagent disks" with a capacity for 35 reagent cassettes each. Different from the cobas c 701 module, the cobas c 702 module allow... | 10.1177/2211068212472183 | article | en | 2,013 | true | true | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | The evaluated cobas 8000 configurations, comparison instruments, and distribution of tests over the participating sites are listed in Table 2. Calibrator and control materials as well as cobas 8000 reagents and auxiliary materials were provided by the manufacturer. No adjustments or method adaptations of the regular r... | 10.1177/2211068212472183 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Evaluation Protocol The cobas 8000 combines well-established analytical modules from Roche MODULAR ANALYTICS (ISE module; E170) and cobas 6000 platforms (cobas c 502, analytical unit identical to cobas c 501; cobas e 602, analytical unit identical to cobas e 601) with the new analyzers cobas c 701 and cobas c 702. The ... | 10.1177/2211068212472183 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | System ). Note that each cobas c 701 module reagent disk is coupled with one sample and two reagent probes, thus generating a disk-specific calibration per test allocation. This experiment was performed during study phase I only with the 11 so-called "core assays" (assays processed per reagent disk on cobas c 701 at al... | 10.1177/2211068212472183 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Functionality Testing under Routine-like Conditions The following experiments are designed to test the overall system functionality under simulated routine conditions 9 using the respective laboratory's request patterns and, in most parts, routine sample leftovers. Method Comparison Download. Routine workloads were rep... | 10.1177/2211068212472183 | article | en | 2,013 | true | true | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Practicability Using a questionnaire with more than 200 questions, 11 the following five main groups of attributes were rated by 11 sites: Installation (installation environment requirements, spatial arrangement, operation and training), Daily Workflow (start up/shut down, sample processing, reagent handling, workflo... | 10.1177/2211068212472183 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Analytical Performance Precision: Repeatability, Intermediate, within Lab, and between Lab. At the study sites 1 to 10, a total of 3181 repeatability data were obtained, corresponding to 66 801 results, many of them produced during the reference runs of routine simulation precision experiments. The median CVs were 0. 4... | 10.1177/2211068212472183 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Sample Carryover. Sample related carryover data are listed in Table 7. No effects were seen from serum to urinary albumin, from urinary to serum creatinine, and from high to low concentrated CK. An increase of serum potassium results exceeding the acceptance limits was observed after processing urine samples on one of... | 10.1177/2211068212472183 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | More than 81 000 QC results were generated during the first three studies over time periods between 3 and 4 mo each. The precision of these measurements is reported in the "Precision: Repeatability, Intermediate, within Lab, and between Lab" section. Manufacturer target values were recovered within the declared limits.... | 10.1177/2211068212472183 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Because the 26 high-volume assays were mirrored on both installed cobas c 701 modules, it was possible to complete the workload (9019 requests for 50 methods and 1064 samples) with one module masked in ~4 h. STAT samples were integrated within typical routine workloads at three sites (labs 1, 7, and 12). The time to re... | 10.1177/2211068212472183 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | During the group I experiments (see Table 3 ), unstable communication between the Data Manager and the instrument control unit that led to run interruptions was resolved by a software update tested during the third experiment at each site. Similarly, some provoked sample-related data flags were not transmitted correct... | 10.1177/2211068212472183 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Practicability A questionnaire was used for practicability assessment of the new system compared with that used in the routine labs at the first 11 sites. The outcome (Fig. 9 ) shows that cobas 8000 was rated to meet or exceed the evaluators' expectations in 97% of the total ~2550 completed questions. There was no tren... | 10.1177/2211068212472183 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | During the workflow studies, 8 configurations of the possible 38 combinations were used, covering all available analytical modules and ~100 different applications for serum/ plasma, urine, or EDTA blood. To find the optimal solution that meets the individual needs of a routine laboratory in a real-life setting, the cob... | 10.1177/2211068212472183 | article | en | 2,013 | true | true | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Further features that free up staff for more valued responsibilities in the laboratory are the automated maintenance functions that allow the user-definable combination of instrument maintenance task to be executed automatically at defined times or upon manual initiation. With the Data Manager, system monitoring become... | 10.1177/2211068212472183 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments The authors wish to thank all their coworkers and colleagues who worked on the studies in the respective laboratories and departments for their excellent support and dedication throughout the studies. | 10.1177/2211068212472183 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements. Amongst the contributors to the Planeterrella project, JL especially thanks Philippe Jeanjacquot , System 2. 0 as well as Olivier Brissaud , Philippe Chauvin , Karine Briand , Herve Lamy , Laurent Lamy , Baptiste Cecconi , Jean-Francois Donati. Several PhD students were and still are a wonde... | 10.1051/swsc/2013029 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | Genome-wide association study Clinical and GWAS data were compiled for 2,706 individuals of European ancestry from 13 collections as part of an international collaboration. Table 1 shows sample sizes, phenotypes and clinical variables for the four collections that were the units of analysis (additional details are sh... | 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003394 | review | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Accordingly, we used only baseline DAS as a clinical covariate, as this allowed us to maximize sample size given clinical variable missing data in some cohorts. We performed quality control (QC) filtering and data processing of GWAS data for each of eleven genotyping batches. Genotyping array platforms are described in... | 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003394 | review | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Together, our data support a model in which genomic factors related to CD84 expression serve as a predictor of disease activity and response to etanercept therapy among RA patients of European ancestry, but not anti-TNF therapies that act through different biological mechanisms or potentially in RA patients of other ge... | 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003394 | review | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | The top SNP rs6427528 was genotyped in the ReAct dataset (Illumina Omni Express genotyping chip), and was well imputed across all other datasets (imputation quality score INFO $0. 94, which is an estimate of genotype accuracy; the range of INFO scores is 0-1, where 1 indicates high confidence). All of these SNPs had mi... | 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003394 | review | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | eQTL and sequence analysis of the CD84 gene For each SNP with P,10 26 identified by our GWAS (n = 6 independent SNPs), we searched for biological evidence to support a true positive association. We used genome-wide sequence data from the 1000 Genomes Project to search for putative functional variants in LD with the ind... | 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003394 | review | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | In an analysis of 679 SNPs for cis-regulated expression of five genes in the region of LD (SLAMF6, CD84, SLAMF1, CD48, and SLAMF7), we found that rs6427528-CD84 (and SNPs in LD with it) was the top eQTL of all results (n = 228 subjects; Figure 2A ). This SNP was specifically associated with CD84 expression, and was no... | 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003394 | review | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Expression of CD84 as a biomarker of disease activity and treatment response Because the genetic data demonstrates that the allele associated with better response is associated with higher CD84 expression, this suggests that CD84 expression itself may serve as a useful biomarker of disease activity or treatment respons... | 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003394 | review | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Replication of genetic data in a small, multi-ethnic cohort Since most of the samples available to us as part of our international collaboration were included in our GWAS, few additional samples were available for replication. In addition, the remaining samples available to us were from different ethnic backgrounds. No... | 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003394 | review | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | 05. The same association analysis as for GWAS was carried out: linear regression assuming an additive genetic model and using DDAS as phenotype, adjusted for baseline DAS. Replication results are shown in Figure 5. While the SNPs fail to replicate in these patient collections at P,0. 05, the direction of effect is the... | 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003394 | review | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Importantly, we note that power was extremely limited with the small sample sizes for which we had CD84 expression as well as drug response data (n = 31 RA patients treated with etanercept). The CD84 gene is a compelling candidate for immune response, belonging to the CD2 subset of the immunoglobulin superfamily. It ha... | 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003394 | review | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | The simplest explanation is that our original observation in the GWAS data represents a false positive association. However, the eQTL and gene expression data argue against this possibility. Explanations for a false negative finding in our replication collections include: (1) lack of power, especially if the effect siz... | 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003394 | review | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | S. Treatment of Early Aggressive RA (TEAR, N = 109). We refer to these collections as the American College of Rheumatology Research and Education Foundation (REF) collection, as funding for GWAS genotyping was provided by the ''Within Our Reach'' project. We included additional samples from BRAGGSS (N = 595) [12] ; th... | 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003394 | review | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Additional replication samples (N = 374) of East Asian ancestry were included from the IORRA and Kyoto University Hospital registries, part of the Japanese Genetics and Allied research in Rheumatic diseases Networking consortium (GARNET) [27]. Clinical data were collected in each cohort, including disease activity sco... | 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003394 | review | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Genotyping and data processing A total of eleven genotyping batches were processed separately. (1) BRASS samples were genotyped using Affymetrix 6. 0 chip [28] ; (2) WTCCC samples were genotyped on Affymetrix 500K chip [12]. All other cohorts were genotyped using Illumina platform arrays (see Table 1 ). Our American... | 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003394 | review | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | DREAM and AZ samples were genotyped in three batches, one on 550K chip and two on 660K chips (manuscript in preparation), and (11) ReAct samples were genotyped on Illumina OmniExpress chips. Quality control (QC) filtering was done in each genotyping batch, including filtering individuals with. 5% missing data, and filt... | 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003394 | review | en | 2,013 | true | true | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.