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cc-by | Our goal was to assess the usefulness of such shallow structural lakes for paleoseismological studies. In the present study, the morphology of Aşağıtepecik Lake and the fault scarps related to the 1939 earthquake rupture are documented through combined sonar data and seismic data. The sedimentary infill of Aşağıtepecik... | 10.4401/ag-5460 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | Sedimentological changes recorded in Aşağıtepecik Lake were further probed using magnetic susceptibility data, which was acquired on all of the cores at 5-mm resolution, using the Geotek multi-sensor core logger of Rhodes Island University (USA). The magnetic susceptibility data and the macroscopic descriptions were us... | 10.4401/ag-5460 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements. This work was carried out in the framework of the Marie Curie Excellence Grant Project Understanding the irregularity of seismic cycles: a case study in Turkey ( MEXT-CT-2005-025617 : Seismic Cycles ), centered at the Seismology Section of the Royal Observatory of Belgium , whom we would like to... | 10.4401/ag-5460 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | Database searches and alignments Sequences of Arabidopsis thaliana AP2/ERF genes were retrieved from the TAIR website and the amino acid sequence of the members described by Nakano et al. (2006) were used as baits to search the apple genome at the Genome Database for Rosaceae (GDR) using the Batch BLAST search (Alts... | 10.1016/j.scienta.2012.12.017 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/11 |
cc-by | Phylogenetic analysis The functionality of Malus genes in comparison to their Arabidopsis counterparts was assessed by genetic distance and phylogenetic studies. Amino acid sequence alignments were performed using ClustalX (Thompson et al. , 1997). When necessary, alignments were manually adjusted using Lasergene MegA... | 10.1016/j.scienta.2012.12.017 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/11 |
cc-by | Motif analysis and in silico characterization Conserved motifs were further investigated by multiple alignment analyses using ClustalX and the MEME version 4. 7 suite (Bailey and Elkan, 1994). The presence and sequence conservation of recognizable functional domains was studied employing protein analysis and gene func... | 10.1016/j.scienta.2012.12.017 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/11 |
cc-by | Prediction of cellular and molecular parameters The physical characteristics; isoelectric point (IP) and predicted molecular weight, of apple ERF sequences were calculated from the deduced amino acid using default parameter of the Lasergene MegAlign software (DNASTAR, Madison, WI, USA). The proteins folding state was p... | 10.1016/j.scienta.2012.12.017 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/11 |
cc-by | Gene expression analysis Qualitative gene expression profiling was performed by in silico analyses of the Malus EST databases using virtual northern blot analyses. The gene of interest was used in queries against reference sequence databases, generating an alignment of the input gene to its orthologs. The resulting ali... | 10.1016/j.scienta.2012.12.017 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/11 |
cc-by | Graphic outputs were generated using Tree View v. 1. 6 software (http://rana. lbl. gov/EisenSoftware. htm) and presented in colorscale. Supplementary data associated with this article can be found, in the online version, at http://dx. doi. org/10. 1016/j. scienta. 2012. 12. 017. | 10.1016/j.scienta.2012.12.017 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/11 |
cc-by | Accuracy of protein AP2/ERF predictions Genome databases employ ab initio protein prediction methods, which are prone to errors. In order to confirm the existence of the identified AP2/ERF proteins, we have checked intron junctions in comparison to the homologs in Arabidopsis and poplar. Subsequently, the predicted mRN... | 10.1016/j.scienta.2012.12.017 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/11 |
cc-by | doi. org/10. 1016/j. scienta. 2012. 12. 017. The folding states of ERF family proteins in apple were predicted by FoldIndex program (Prilusky et al. , 2005). The majority of the identified apple sequences sharing sequence similarity to ERFs were predicted to be unfolded (59. 1%, 39) under physiological conditions (Tab... | 10.1016/j.scienta.2012.12.017 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/11 |
cc-by | , 2003; Panne et al. , 2004). Thus, the predicted chemical nature of the proteins identified in apple is compatible with a functional role in transcriptional control. The predicted sub-cellular localization of the ERF proteins identified in Malus was investigated using the software WoLF pSORT (Horton et al. , 2007). T... | 10.1016/j.scienta.2012.12.017 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/11 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments The authors would like to acknowledge the excellent technical assistance of Daniela Dal Bosco and Iraci Sinski in plant propagation and acclimation. We also thank Renata Gava for fungus cultivation and plant inoculation. This research is funded by an Embrapa grant number 02. 07. 05. 001. 00Macr... | 10.1016/j.scienta.2012.12.017 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/11 |
cc-by | The increase of imaging resolution highlights small lesions which are undetectable with traditional methods. At the moment, biodegradable polymers or lipid-based colloids are the only drug vehicles approved for clinical use. These materials offer promising possibilities to assure specific drug accumulation at the tumou... | 10.1186/1477-3155-11-s1-s6 | review | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Materials Science | https://openalex.org/fields/25 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements Authors thank Dr Victoria Franzinetti for her suggestions in revising the manuscript. The authors would like to recognize that their work in this area has been sponsored by the European Research Council under the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 Grant Agreement N°24... | 10.1186/1477-3155-11-s1-s6 | review | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Materials Science | https://openalex.org/fields/25 |
cc-by | The instability of weakly-damped Alfvén eigenmodes (AEs) is of highest priority for the next step burning plasma on ITER due to a number of reasons. First, AEs are driven by radial gradient of energetic particle pressure and lead to enhanced alpha-particle radial transport, in contrast to CAEs excited by velocity space... | 10.1088/0029-5515/53/10/104022 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | Figures 3, 4 display an example of the ECE radial profiles for beam-driven ACs (RSAEs) and TAEs in DIII-D discharge [13]. Both localisation and the radial widths of these FL modes are found to agree well with the linear MHD code NOVA, which also includes the relationships between the perturbed magnetic fields, density... | 10.1088/0029-5515/53/10/104022 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | The particle-following code HAGIS [30] was then employed to simulate the interaction between the energetic ions and TAEs. The unperturbed distribution function of fast D ions was assumed to be of the form f P f E f P E f , , , where the distribution function in E B / 0 for trapped ... | 10.1088/0029-5515/53/10/104022 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | Another example of energetic particle redistribution by AEs comes from DIII-D experiments showing significant modification of D beam profile in the presence of multiple TAEs and RSAEs (Alfvén cascades) [32]. This observation and TRANSP predictions are shown in Figure 10 , and TAE and RSAE data is shown in Figs 3, 4.... | 10.1088/0029-5515/53/10/104022 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | Recently, a quasi-linear 1. 5D model has been developed and applied to this DIII-D data [34]. The model gives the relaxed fast ion profile determined by the competition between the AE drive and damping. Figure 12 presents a comparison between the experimental data, the TRANSP modelling, and the 1. 5D quasi-linear mo... | 10.1088/0029-5515/53/10/104022 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | The beam ion losses caused by the AEs were proportional to 2 B , although the simulation cannot yet match the experimental data precisely. In ASDEX-Upgrade experiments, detailed measurements of radial structures of AE driven by beams and ICRH were obtained using ECE imaging [14] , SXR, and reflectometry. The fas... | 10.1088/0029-5515/53/10/104022 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments This work, supported by the European Communities under the contract of Association between EURATOM and CCFE, was carried out within the framework of the European Fusion Development Agreement. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission. This wo... | 10.1088/0029-5515/53/10/104022 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | Conclusion This work presents a first look towards a combined spectrum sensing and localization task. These two tasks are fundamental in order to enable cognition in wireless networks. With the combination of the two tasks, we also considered a realistic data acquisition constraint, which is sparsity due to the ADC tec... | 10.1155/2013/606413 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments EURECOM's research is partially supported by its industrial members: ORANGE, BMW Group, Swisscom, SFR, ST Microelectronics, Symantec, SAP , Monaco Telecom , and iABG and also by the EU FP7 projects WHERE2 and. | 10.1155/2013/606413 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | Moreover, an important role in survival of the ingested microbes seems to be played by host proteins and redox balance maintenance in the tick midgut. Here, we summarize recent knowledge about the major components of tick immune system and focus on their interaction with the relevant tick-transmitted pathogens, represe... | 10.3389/fcimb.2013.00026 | review | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Immunology and Microbiology | https://openalex.org/fields/24 |
cc-by | In contrast to other arthropods, ticks most likely lack the prophenoloxidase (PPO) activation system leading to melanization, because no PPO-related gene has been yet identified neither in the genome of I. scapularis (Megy et al. , 2012) nor within the extensive EST datasets from other tick species (Kopacek et al. ,... | 10.3389/fcimb.2013.00026 | review | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Immunology and Microbiology | https://openalex.org/fields/24 |
cc-by | CONCLUSION-FUTURE PERSPECTIVES The overall knowledge of tick innate immunity still lags far beyond the model invertebrate organisms and arthropod disease vectors. However, the availability of I. scapularis genome database (Megy et al. , 2012) , feasibility of functional genomics based on RNAi (De La Fuente et al. , 2... | 10.3389/fcimb.2013.00026 | review | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Immunology and Microbiology | https://openalex.org/fields/24 |
cc-by | ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was supported by the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic (grant Nos. : 506/10/2136 , 13-11043S ; postdoctoral grants No. 13-27630P and No. 13-12816P ). Ondřej Hajdušek is further supported by the EU FP7 project MODBIOLIN No. 316304 and Radek Šíma by the project Postdok_BIOGLOBE ... | 10.3389/fcimb.2013.00026 | review | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Immunology and Microbiology | https://openalex.org/fields/24 |
cc-by | Plasmid construction and mutagenesis The ORF encoding human GLTP (NCBI GenBank Accession No. AF209704) was subcloned into the pET-30 Xa/LIC expression vector (Novagen) by ligation-independent cloning, enabling cleavage of the N-terminal His 6 -S tag to yield a protein identical in sequence to native GLTP. The sitedirec... | 10.1107/s0907444913000024 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Crystallization and X-ray data collection Crystals of wild-type GLTP, D48V-GLTP and A47D/D48V-GLTP complexed with 12:0 monoSF or 12:0 diSF were grown by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method using PEG 3350 or 8000 (15-20%) as precipitant and 100 mM MES pH 5-7 containing 30-150 mM NaCl as buffer (Malinina et al. , 2... | 10.1107/s0907444913000024 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | 54 A ˚) using an X8 PROTEUM system (Bruker) with a CCD detector. All data were processed and scaled using the HKL-2000 program suite. | 10.1107/s0907444913000024 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Structure determination and refinement All structures were determined by the molecular-replacement (MR) method using the programs AMoRe (Navaza, 1994) or MOLREP (Vagin & Teplyakov, 2010) with the previously refined complexes as models (Malinina et al. , 2004 (Malinina et al. , , 2006;; Samygina et al. , 2011). Ref... | 10.1107/s0907444913000024 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Dynamic light scattering Dynamic light-scattering (DLS) measurements were performed using a DynaPro Titan instrument from Wyatt Technology Corporation (with a laser of $830 nm wavelength). Measurements were performed in the protein concentration range 1-4 mg ml À1 in 150 mM NaCl, 20 mM Tris-HCl buffer pH 8. 0 at 291 K.... | 10.1107/s0907444913000024 | article | en | 2,013 | true | true | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Towards a structural dynamics study: different crystal forms of the same complexes To explore the structural dynamics of GLTP-GSL dimers, we cocrystallized 12:0 monoSF and 12:0 diSF in complex with wtGLTP and the SF-selective mutants D48V and A47D/D48V in different crystal forms. We determined nine novel crystal struct... | 10.1107/s0907444913000024 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | 1a ). However, an essential distinction between the two dimers becomes apparent upon careful comparison: the wtGLTP dimeric arrangement is more 'open' than that of the mutant. A reasonable measure of 'dimer openness' is the angle between the two 2 helices of partner monomers, which is $80 in the wild-type complex (Fig.... | 10.1107/s0907444913000024 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | 5a-5c ) is intriguing compared with fungal and algal GLTPs. In the GLTP-like proteins from the alga Galdieria sulphuraria (PDB entry 2q52; Levin et al. , 2007) and the fungus Podospora anserina (PDB entry 3kv0; Kenoth et al. , 2010) , the C-end seems to be involved in supporting other important parts of the GLTP fol... | 10.1107/s0907444913000024 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | This research was supported by Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion MICINN BFU2010-17711 and USPHS (NIGMS GM45928 and NCI CA121493), RFBR 12-04-00168, the Abby Rockefeller MauzeTrust and the Maloris and Hormel Foundations. We thank the personnel at ESRF beamline ID 23-1 for assistance with X-ray data collection, ... | 10.1107/s0907444913000024 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | 7/44. 1 34. 8/47. 0 44. 5 36. 64 47. 08/57. 0 R. m. s. deviations Bond lengths (A ˚) 0. 018 0. 015 0. 018 0. 014 0. 018 Bond angles ( ) 1. 74 1. 56 1. 46 1. 38 1. 69 PDB entry 4h2z 4gh0 4ghp 4gix 4gxd. | 10.1107/s0907444913000024 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments We would like to acknowledge and thank Dr. A. E. Fink for drawing the illustrations in Figures 1 and3. We would like to thank Drs. C. K. Cain and M. J. Sanders for their helpful comments on the manuscript. B. G. was supported by fellowships from INSERM , as well as financial support from IRS, Se... | 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2012.10.018 | review | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Neuroscience | https://openalex.org/fields/28 |
cc-by | In a complementary analysis, 11 patients with amnestic MCI, coming from our previously reported cohort [13] , were assessed for conversion. These patients were categorized into two groups; those who have converted to AD (converters) or those who have not converted (non-converters) at the end of the follow-up period. M... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0053587 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments List of the Groupe d'Investigation du LCR (GIL) Network Members : Catherine Belin , M. D. , Department of Neurology Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHU) Avicenne Assistance Publique -Hopitaux de Paris (APHP) Bobigny France ; Lucie Cabrejo , M. D. , Department of Neurology CHU Bichat APHP, Paris Fra... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0053587 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Measurements are said to be in straylight conditions if the instrument is illuminated by light coming from the scattering of solar light. Straylight measurements are considered as of good quality (more details can be found in the GOMOS product handbook at http://envisat. esa. int/handbooks/gomos/toc. htm). -the GOMOS d... | 10.5194/amt-6-2953-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | Monthly climatology of OClO In Fig. 9 we show the time series of OClO SCDs in three latitude bands: the equatorial band (10 • S-10 • N, middle panel), the north polar band (60-90 • N, top panel) and the south polar band (60-90 • S , bottom panel). In the equatorial region, the missing data in 2005 are due to a GOMOS f... | 10.5194/amt-6-2953-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements. This study was funded by the PRODEX/ RADIAL (PEA 4000102793 ) contract under the authority of the Belgian Space Science Office (BELSPO). We thank the AMON and SALOMON science team for giving us the authorization to use their OClO concentration profiles. Edited by: R. Schofield. | 10.5194/amt-6-2953-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | dist. , F N -1 [(i-0. 5)/N]) standardised residuals, e i|N /σ N r = 0 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 quantiles of norm. dist. , F N -1 [(i-0. 5)/N]) N r = 4 Using the regression for N r = 4, the 27 d IDV(1d) HLS data are re-scaled and appended to the start of the NGK data, giving a composite of the HLS and NGK data sets. The re-scal... | 10.5194/angeo-31-1957-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Joining the NGK/HLS composite to ESK data The NGK/HLS data composite is then re-scaled in the same way and appended to the start of the ESK data. The scatter plot corresponding to Fig. 6 is shown in Fig. 9. Although the correlation was higher (correlation 0. 932 before the removal of outliers from the 123 pairs of 27 ... | 10.5194/angeo-31-1957-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | The complete composite and allowing for the secular field change Using the two regressions discussed in the previous two subsections, a single composite data sequence was generated. This would be the final composite, however there is a final correction to make first. The secular change in the geomagnetic field means th... | 10.5194/angeo-31-1957-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | (1). We normalise to ESK in the year 2000 (so that it will be relatively straightforward to update the data sequence using future ESK data), so normalised data are given by IDV(1d) = IDV(1d) [X,d] × f [X,d] /f [ESK,2000]. (2) Figure 10 shows the factor needed to normalise the contributing station (X) at a given date ... | 10.5194/angeo-31-1957-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | 10. The coloured lines show 27 d Bartels rotation means (red for data originating from ESK, blue from NGK and green from HLS), the black line shows annual means. Figure 12 shows the scatter plot of annual means of the IDV(1d) composite as a function of the IDV index, as derived using many stations by SC10. This plot ... | 10.5194/angeo-31-1957-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | 765 nT. onto a plot of the time series of the IDV(1d) composite. Also shown, as a grey band, is the combined uncertainty arising from the two regressions used to join the data sets together into a composite. The exceptional agreement between the IDV(1d) composite and IDV after 1880 is apparent. Note that this means tha... | 10.5194/angeo-31-1957-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Comparison with other data Figure 14 is a detailed view of Fig. 13 for before 1930. It also shows annual mean IDV(1d) data from the other observatories listed in Table 1. In each case, the data are normalised to Eskdalemuir in 2000 using Eqs. ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) so as to remove the effects of the secular change in th... | 10.5194/angeo-31-1957-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | The measurement of the H component requires a temperature correction and for many of the Greenwich Observatory yearbooks this means that both the uncorrected values and the equipment temperature data must be digitised and the temperature correction correctly implemented. In addition, for many of the years mean values a... | 10.5194/angeo-31-1957-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | This error is not eliminated until the new instrumentation became fully operational at Greenwich in 1915. We found intervals of concern could be identified using the standard deviation over a year of the H values, σ H , in that IDV(1d) GRW begins to deviate from the other values if σ H exceeded a threshold of 30 nT. In... | 10.5194/angeo-31-1957-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | There are also data at this time from Ekaterinburg. However, as for the Greenwich data for 1893-1914 there are stability problems in the H data series in that σ H ≥ 30 nT for several of the years and the IDV(1d) EKA values are higher than IDV(1d) SPE , IDV(1d) BAR and IDV(1d) NER. Within the uncertainty error bars, the... | 10.5194/angeo-31-1957-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Correlations of monthly data From the last section, the IDV(1d) composite derived here is very similar indeed to the IDV index, compiled from many stations, after about 1880. However, before 1880 there are considerable differences. At this time the composite is derived from the Helsinki magnetometer data. On the other ... | 10.5194/angeo-31-1957-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | We cannot apply the same test to u as we have only monthly values. It is illuminating to look at the coherence of modern data at different sites for monthly averaging timescales and compare it with the corresponding behaviour of the early data as we go back in time. The lower panel in Fig. 15 shows monthly means of th... | 10.5194/angeo-31-1957-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | To quantify this, we here take correlation coefficients between the data series over 3 yr intervals (incrementing the start dates by a year) for the pairs of observatories, using the same procedure described above to derive r EN for the modern ESK and NUR data. The results are shown in the upper panel in Fig. 16. For c... | 10.5194/angeo-31-1957-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | 16 shows 3 yr running means of the daily data, also using the same colour coding scheme. The PSM and WLH correlation (mauve/yellow line) remains within, or very close to, the <r EN > ± 2σ EN grey band at all times. Hence these two stations show a coherence in their data series that matches that of modern data and impl... | 10.5194/angeo-31-1957-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | 11 , in that IDV (based on u) and the composite (based on IDV(1d) HLS ) agree very closely after about 1886. However, before 1886 the correlations of IDV(1d) WLH with u and IDV(1d) HLS both decline as we go back in time, such that they are notably lower than the range for the modern data. Given that the correlation bet... | 10.5194/angeo-31-1957-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | If the plot is taken at face value it implies that the magnetometry techniques improved rather considerably over a rather short interval (about 7 yr between 1887 and 1894). Note the need to use annual correction factors on the Greenwich data mean that we cannot apply the same tests to monthly data. Also shown is the co... | 10.5194/angeo-31-1957-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Discussion and conclusions We have presented a new composite of geomagnetic activity based on interdiurnal variability in the observed horizontal component of the geomagnetic field. The aim is that the composite is as close to homogeneous in its construction as it possibly can be: it uses data from Helsinki for 1846-18... | 10.5194/angeo-31-1957-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Allowance has been made for the effects of secular changes in the geomagnetic field on the geomagnetic latitude of the stations used. The uncertainties in the composite due to the necessary intercalibrations of the stations have been computed. In all cases, we have ensured that regression fits used are homoskedastic an... | 10.5194/angeo-31-1957-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Agreement between these other data and the IDV(1d) composite was found to be extremely good in all cases, with two exceptions. Firstly, the Greenwich data are shown to have degraded in quality, even in annual means, after about 1890 until new instrumentation was installed in 1915. We note that Bartels (1932) had simi... | 10.5194/angeo-31-1957-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | We here find the u data between 1872 and 1886 also shows solar cycles greater in amplitude than is seen in the Helsinki data (see the lower panel in Fig. 13 ). This would also explain the larger cycles in u before 1872 because the s and E proxies used before 1872 have been fitted to solar cycles in u that are too large... | 10.5194/angeo-31-1957-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | On the other hand, u is compiled from a mixture of sources and relies on proxies for the interdiurnal variation before 1872. Before the start of the Batavia data in 1884, the actual interdiurnal variation data between 1872 and 1884 is taken from Greenwich and Bombay. We here find the stability of the Greenwich data to ... | 10.5194/angeo-31-1957-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | 3 reveals that the Bombay u data will have had a peak response of about BV -0. 4 whereas the Greenwich data will have had a peak response close to BV -0. 2. This means that fast speed flow streams which raise annual means of V will cause u to be lower than an index with a peak response of B. This fits with the differe... | 10.5194/angeo-31-1957-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Hence we think that Bartels' warnings that the pre-1872 data should be regarded as unsatisfactory and illustrative are both well-founded and wise. This paper is the first of a series of three. In Part 2 (Lockwood et al. , 2013a) we employ the composite described here to reconstruct the interplanetary magnetic field (IM... | 10.5194/angeo-31-1957-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements. The authors are grateful to by the staff of the British Geological Survey, Edinburgh and the World Data Centre (WDC) for Geomagnetism, Edinburgh for digital data and for scanning the Greenwich yearbooks. In particular, we thank Ellen Clarke and Sarah Reay for assistance and valuable discussion... | 10.5194/angeo-31-1957-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Precision. The precision (also called reproducibility or repeatability) is the degree to which repeated measurements are able to show the same results under unchanged conditions. Thus, precision quantifies the variability of an analytical result as a function of operator, method manipulations, and day-to-day environmen... | 10.1155/2013/676845 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Cell Viability Study (MTT Assay). In order to take the number and viability of cells into account, an MTT assay was systematically performed after reading the calcein fluorescence. 10% of MTT reagent was added to each well to a final concentration of 500 g/mL, and the cells were incubated for 4 hours at 37 ∘ C. The med... | 10.1155/2013/676845 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments This work was supported by European Regional Development Fund as part of the Interreg IVA Project Admin (Transchannel Advanced Microscopy network ). Jennifer Pasquier and Damien Rioult were recipients for a fellowship from the Conseil Regional de Haute-Normandie. The authors are indebted to Pr. ... | 10.1155/2013/676845 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | [32]. This solution addresses the problem of poor TCP performance due to contention on the wireless channel. It uses two techniques. The first is disjoint routing and the reversed routes, which consist to choose disjoint routes for TCP data packets and TCP ACK packets. The second is the dynamic contention balancing, wh... | 10.5296/npa.v5i4.4773 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Computer Science | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
cc-by | However, in this solution, the additional backoff time is based on the packet size. Thus the existence of different sizes of data packet in the network should be inspected. Neighborhood RED [35]. This proposal aims to increase the fairness of TCP in MANET. In contrast to wired networks, the authors show that RED does ... | 10.5296/npa.v5i4.4773 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Computer Science | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
cc-by | Using simulations, they check the effectiveness of their proposal and the improving of TCP fairness. [36]. The purpose of this proposal is to improve the fairness between TCP flows in ad hoc wireless networks and wired networks. The authors adopt the policy of "non work conserves scheduling" for ad hoc networks instead... | 10.5296/npa.v5i4.4773 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Computer Science | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
cc-by | The parameters of the evaluation Important metrics were used, the throughput of TCP, the goodput, the average time from start to finish and routing traffic. The goodput (%): The number of bits of the received data, excluding the number of data bits transmitted, by the simulation time. The end-to-end delay (second): the... | 10.5296/npa.v5i4.4773 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Computer Science | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
cc-by | Data warehousing, data analysis and statistics Collection and warehousing of omic data were performed using BASE (Emergentec Biodevelopment GmbH, www. emergentec. com). Identification of deregulated TCX probes was carried out using a moderated one-way ANOVA to reduce the set of relevant probes to those that exhibit a s... | 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.11.022 | article | en | 2,012 | true | true | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | gov/EisenSoftware). Principal component analysis (PCA) plots were generated using prcomp in the R package "stats". Protein identification and quantification workflow were implemented in OpenMS (version 1. 9) [15] and TOPPAS [16]. Statistical analysis was performed using the isobar package [17] and custom R code. F... | 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.11.022 | article | en | 2,012 | false | true | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Discussion Integrating omic approaches is becoming more important in cellular and molecular biology and will most likely change the way we approach biological investigations [4]. However, attempts thus far to combine omic data streams have been met with limited success [2, 25]. In the present study, we have brought t... | 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.11.022 | article | en | 2,012 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Protein phosphatase 1 induction is a key negative feedback mechanism and acts to reactivate translation, by dephosphorylating eIF2α [44]. The regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 1 (PPP1R15A) was increased in the TCX data and the catalytic subunit PPP1CA was increased in the PTX data. In addition, many of the ami... | 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.11.022 | article | en | 2,012 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Nrf1 was up-regulated here at the transcript level Fig. 7 -Integration of CsA induced mRNA, protein and metabolites from omic data. Starting from the cellular MTX analysis the pathway was expanded from the available PTX and TCX data. The data shows Nrf2 and ATF4 as major hubs and the interaction between them. The prog... | 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.11.022 | article | en | 2,012 | true | true | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | However, CyP-B secretion was maximum already at the low CsA concentration. This study demonstrates that in vitro cell culture systems coupled with pharmacokinetics and high content omic approaches can give extremely detailed and quantitative insights into both the pharmacological and toxicological effects of compounds.... | 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.11.022 | article | en | 2,012 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments This project was funded by the European Union 's 7th Framework Programme ( FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no 202222 , Predict-IV. The administrative and organization skills of Hannelore Popa-Henning are also much appreciated. | 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.11.022 | article | en | 2,012 | false | false | true | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | 2007 ]. The plate boundary is often indicated as an E-W straight line parallel to the Mediterranean coast, or drawn along the foreland-hinterland limit of the Tertiary fold-and-thrust belt, or inferred from hypothetical tectonic blocks. This is probably due to the low level of seismicity associated with the relatively ... | 10.4401/ag-4970 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | Kinematic analysis of fault populations in the Rif and Tell Atlas indicates two successive shortening directions (NNE and then NNW), which suggests a clockwise block rotation of 15˚ to 25˚, if the main regional stress direction has remained unchanged since the early Quaternary [Meghraoui et al. 1986 , Rebai et al. 199... | 10.4401/ag-4970 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | These data were processed from 1996 to 2005 and revealed a clear clockwise rotation of convergence rates from WNW-ESE in northern Spain, to NW-SE in southern Spain, and NNE-SSW in northern Morocco [Fernandes et al. 2007 ]. This rotation was further confirmed by survey-mode GPS campaigns from 1999 to 2009 in Morocco, w... | 10.4401/ag-4970 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | The strain field distribution along the coastal Rif and Tell mountains has a general consistency with the P axis directions of the focal mechanism solutions, which strike from NW-SE to N-S going eastwards (Figures 1a and 2b ). To study the pattern of seismic deformation along the plate boundary zone, we use the more ... | 10.4401/ag-4970 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | 2002 [Pondrelli et al. , 2004 [Pondrelli et al. , 2006 [Pondrelli et al. , 2007 ; http://www. bo. ingv. it/RCMT] that includes the moment tensors for all seismic events with M ≥4. 5 in Europe and the Mediterranean region, starting from 1997. When a moment tensor exists in both catalogs, for a given earthquake with M >5... | 10.4401/ag-4970 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | 5 > M > 5. 5. The dataset that we composed and used in the computations included seismic moment tensors for earthquakes of the last 30 years with M >4. 5 (Figure 2 ). We applied the moment tensor summation technique to each box [Kostrov 1974 , Jackson and McKenzie 1988 , Ekström and England 1989 , Westaway 1990 ], wh... | 10.4401/ag-4970 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | The data are shown in Table 1 , where all of the used and obtained parameters are reported for each box. In Figure 3 , the cumulative focal mechanisms obtained by moment tensor summations show that when moving from W to E, the geometry of the seismic deformation is different from what is expected for a pure compressi... | 10.4401/ag-4970 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | Taking into account the P axes directions of significant earthquakes along the Gibraltar-Sicily plate boundary and the shortening directions from the tectonic data (Figure 2b ), there is good correlation when only the Quaternary thrust structures and the focal mechanisms are involved. A more complex tectonic picture a... | 10.4401/ag-4970 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements. This work is dedicated to Renato Funiciello , for his constant support and encouragement. We are grateful to E. Boschi , D. Pantosti , P. M. de Martini , L. Sagnotti , and M. Anzidei for fruitful discussions about the plate boundary in southern Italy and North Africa. We thank R. M. Fernandes ... | 10.4401/ag-4970 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | Results for the QTLMAS example are encouraging but unique and different from those of replicated simulations. At least two reasons may be advanced to explain these different results: the more complicated genetic background and the large family size, a full-sib design, simulated in the QTLMAS data set. But the impact of... | 10.1007/s10709-013-9722-9 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments The first author benefits from financial support from INRA (Animal Genetics Department) and the Midi-Pyrenees' Region (France). We thank the computing support of the bio-informatics platform Genotoul (http://bioinfo. genotoul. fr/;Toulouse, France) and financial support from the Cost Action TD1101 of... | 10.1007/s10709-013-9722-9 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Participants Participants were 256 students, who volunteered to participate in this experiment at the end of different class sessions. The average age was 23. 16 (s. d. = 1. 50) and 55. 6% were female. We followed the recommendations for classroom data collection (Loyd, Kern, & Thompson, 2005) and asked participants ... | 10.5465/amj.2011.0891 | article | en | 2,012 | true | false | false | false | Decision Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/18 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements The authors thank Philip Culbertson , Gillian Ku , Olivier Trendel and Carolina Werle for their helpful comments on previous versions of this article. Wood, W. & Quinn , J. M. 2003. Forewarned and forearmed?Two meta-analytic syntheses of forewarnings of influence appeals. Psychological Bulletin,... | 10.5465/amj.2011.0891 | article | en | 2,012 | false | false | true | false | Decision Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/18 |
cc-by | All data reduction procedures followed those previously described in Bouvier et al. (2003). Additional BVR c I c photometry was obtained on December 23, 2011 using the Cafos focal reducer (Meisenheimer 1994 ) in direct-imaging mode with CCD SITE1d 15 on the 2. 2m Calar Alto Telescope. Individual BVRI images were bias... | 10.1051/0004-6361/201321389 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | Finally, the response of the instrument was corrected for using the spectrum of the spectrophotometric standard G191B2b. Medium-resolution spectroscopy was obtained with ESO VLT/XSHOOTER on 25 February 2012. XSHOOTER is a cross-dispersed echelle spectrograph with three arms: UVB (300-590 nm), VIS (550-1020 nm) and NIR ... | 10.1051/0004-6361/201321389 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | 8 to V=15, and the maximum brightness level dimmed below V=14. An enlargement of the 2011-2013 seasons is shown in Fig. 1. The deep minimum has continued for more than 500 days. The lowest brightness level (V 16. 5 mag) was registered at the end of September 2012. From 20 November 2012 on (JD≥56251), the average bright... | 10.1051/0004-6361/201321389 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements. It is a pleasure to thank Paula Teixeira for help in preparing the XSHOOTER observations, Svetlana Artemenko for assistance during CrAO observations, Geoffroy Lesur and Christophe Pinte for discussions about disk instabilities and radiative transfer, respectively. We thank the referee for a pr... | 10.1051/0004-6361/201321389 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | true | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | The lack of long and reliable time series of solar spectral irradiance (SSI) measurements makes an accurate quantification of solar contributions to recent climate change difficult. Whereas earlier SSI observations and models provided a qualitatively consistent picture of the SSI varithe NRLSSI data. Correspondingly, l... | 10.5194/acp-13-3945-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
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