id stringlengths 17 17 | subset stringclasses 2
values | is_combinatorial bool 2
classes | hardness_tier stringclasses 5
values | context stringlengths 0 4.02k | question stringlengths 1 845 | options stringlengths 26 1.73k | answer stringclasses 53
values | true_statement stringclasses 5
values | reasoning_type stringclasses 4
values | task_format stringclasses 9
values | tier_config stringclasses 22
values | tier stringclasses 5
values | gold_score float64 37.9 790 | original_id stringlengths 0 17 | full_metrics stringlengths 331 343 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LOGI-c14ae0696cd7 | base | false | base | In each of the following questions given below, a word is given followed by four combinations of symbols and digits labelled A, B, C and D. You have to find out which of the following four combinations correctly represents the word based on the alphabet codes and the conditions given below. If none of the combinations ... | ["A. $/Z$#*<", "B. </Z$*#>", "C. $/Z$#*$", "D. $/Z$*#$", "E. None of these"] | "D" | inductive | coding and decoding | {} | 41.82 | {"gold_score": 41.82, "coherence_depth": 0.17, "cognitive_entropy": 0.48, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.33, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 21, "logic_density": 2.54, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 3348, "reasoning_segments": 210, "is_high_... | ||||
LOGI-f176c7de3c34 | base | false | base | Journalist: Although a recent poll found that more than half of all eligible voters support the idea of a political party whose primary concern is education, only 26 percent would like to join it, and only 16 percent would be prepared to donate money to it. Furthermore, there is overwhelming historical evidence that on... | The reasoning in the journalist's argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that the argument fails to consider that | ["A. some of those who said they were willing to donate money to an education party might not actually do so if such a party were formed.", "B. an education party could possibly be viable with a smaller base than is customarily needed.", "C. the 16 percent of eligible voters prepared to donate money to an education par... | "E" | abductive | argument analysis | {} | 204.2 | {"gold_score": 204.2, "coherence_depth": 0.27, "cognitive_entropy": 1.0, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 125, "logic_density": 4.0, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.9, "thinking_length": 10640, "reasoning_segments": 525, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-618fbc483133 | base | false | base | * E 7 O & 6 ^ 4 Z 5 * 3 9 T ! D # 2 $ U | If digits arranged in decreasing order from left, how many remain unchanged? | ["A. 0", "B. 1", "C. 2", "D. 3", "E. More than 3"] | "C" | inductive | logical sequence | {} | 41.36 | {"gold_score": 41.36, "coherence_depth": 0.04, "cognitive_entropy": 0.12, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 2, "pivot_count": 22, "logic_density": 0.61, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.75, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 6465, "reasoning_segments": 546, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-bdfe39ec79ed | base | false | base | A robbery was committed on 23 November at 23.10 at a video shop. The robber had a small pistol. The robber made loud gruff noises but said no words. The robber left the shop and got into a car, which was parked outside. The police later found an upturned car in a ditch 25 miles from the shop. It is also known that: Ste... | Pete Mickson could have been the robber. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | situational judgement | {} | 111.23 | {"gold_score": 111.23, "coherence_depth": 0.2, "cognitive_entropy": 0.0, "abductive_strength": 0.6, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 66, "logic_density": 2.95, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.8, "thinking_length": 6279, "reasoning_segments": 342, "is_high_q... | |||
LOGI-724689509295 | base | false | base | Which is the odd one out? | ["A. Binary", "B. Neutron", "C. Doppler", "D. Dwarf", "E. Pulsar"] | "C" | analogical | odd one out | {} | 42.03 | {"gold_score": 42.03, "coherence_depth": 0.09, "cognitive_entropy": 0.46, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 20, "logic_density": 1.36, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 4479, "reasoning_segments": 297, "is_high... | ||||
LOGI-0ab371c39916 | base | false | base | In a matrix code language with elements @9*#8&0%!6 representing letters PNASORICMT and three conditions about vowel/consonant coding. | What is the code for 'Sarcastic'? | ["A. #1&%2#63%", "B. #&%#6%**0", "C. #&%#6%123", "D. 123#&%#6%", "E. None of these"] | "C" | inductive | coding and decoding | {} | 54.83 | {"gold_score": 54.83, "coherence_depth": 0.05, "cognitive_entropy": 0.18, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 32, "logic_density": 0.81, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 7066, "reasoning_segments": 652, "is_high_q... | |||
LOGI-32806e5b6af3 | combinatorial | true | Expert | 甲、乙、丙和丁是某公司销售员，已知公司派遣其中两人前往广州的A、B公司，另两人前往上海的C、D公司扩展业务，要求甲、丙分成一组，乙、丁分成一组且每人各负责一家公司。已知甲没有去A公司，乙没有去B公司；丙没有去C公司；丁没有去D公司。
根据以上陈述肯定可以得出：
I. 甲没有去B公司
II. 乙没有去A公司
III. 丙没有去D公司
IV. 丁没有去A公司 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u975e II \u4e14\u975e III", "B. II \u6216 I", "C. \u4ec5 II", "D. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb", "E. IV \u6216 II", "F. III \u6216 I"] | ["A", "E"] | IV | deductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 6, "n_correct": 2, "operators": ["NOT", "OR"], "tier": "Expert"} | Expert | 69.92 | LOGI-32806e5b6af3 | {"gold_score": 69.92, "coherence_depth": 0.27, "cognitive_entropy": 0.18, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 2, "pivot_count": 38, "logic_density": 4.1, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 1.5, "fallacy_risk": 1.6, "thinking_length": 4825, "reasoning_segments": 437, "is_high_qu... |
LOGI-cb0a05427d79 | base | false | base | Some years ago the Government tried to put into practice the principle that fines for criminal offences should be linked to the income of the offender. People found guilty of a crime had to indicate to which income bracket they belonged and this was used to decide the level of the fine. After a few months the Governmen... | Under the old system it was possible that two offenders found guilty of the same offence for which they were equally to blame were fined the same amount. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "A" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 77.41 | {"gold_score": 77.41, "coherence_depth": 0.19, "cognitive_entropy": 1.0, "abductive_strength": 0.6, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 40, "logic_density": 2.85, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.3, "thinking_length": 5349, "reasoning_segments": 300, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-2b24231bff1e | combinatorial | true | Hard | 在人类进化过程中，到底是什么因素引起了人脑生长增大呢？一项研究指出，人类祖先最初主要捕食非洲大陆上最大、行动速度最慢的猎物。但在约460万年前，大型动物开始消失或减少，人类转而捕食体型较小的动物。研究结论是，这种转变让人脑承受进化压力，使其生长变大，因为较小的猎物更难跟踪和捕捉，捕猎小型动物的过程也更复杂。
以下哪项如果为真，最能质疑上述结论：
I. 研究证明，人脑的生长增大是由诸多因素引起的，而非由单一因素造成的
II. 在距今约百万年前的人类遗址中还遍布大象骨头，表明大象仍是捕食对象
III. 脑组织完善，脑细胞数量增多，这是人类长期改造自然界和人自身的结果
IV. 哲学家认为，生产劳动促进了人脑生长增大及大脑形成和组织结构的完... | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. III \u6216 II", "B. II \u6216 III", "C. \u4ec5 I", "D. \u975e II", "E. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb"] | ["C", "D"] | I | abductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 2, "operators": ["EXACT", "NOT"], "tier": "Hard"} | Hard | 153.52 | LOGI-2b24231bff1e | {"gold_score": 153.52, "coherence_depth": 0.18, "cognitive_entropy": 0.46, "abductive_strength": 1.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 93, "logic_density": 2.73, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 5222, "reasoning_segments": 261, "is_high_... |
LOGI-4efa02802eb0 | base | false | base | A thing of beauty can completely lack physical form. We find some experiences beautiful despite their lack of physical appearance and we find some theories beautiful despite them being ideas that lack any physical structure. Perfume is the only beauty product that just plays on the emotions. We cannot see a scent and d... | The passage would be improved if the author wrote we can love or hate as mell for the reminiscence it elicits rather than we can love or hate a smell for the image it elicits. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "A" | abductive | textual entailment | {} | 88.64 | {"gold_score": 88.64, "coherence_depth": 0.12, "cognitive_entropy": 0.9, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 50, "logic_density": 1.78, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.6, "thinking_length": 8018, "reasoning_segments": 359, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-7464b6baac38 | base | false | base | Steve Pritchard is a plumber who works for Reliable Building Ltd. Reliable Building is a large company specializing in luxury flat development in the Greater London area. Steve was one of the plumbers completing a 10-storey block of flats in Richmond when an incident occurred. On returning to work after the weekend bre... | Steve is one of several plumbers working on the site. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "A" | deductive | situational judgement | {} | 42.21 | {"gold_score": 42.21, "coherence_depth": 0.09, "cognitive_entropy": 0.06, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 20, "logic_density": 1.4, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.5, "thinking_length": 3678, "reasoning_segments": 171, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-b6584659c64c | combinatorial | true | Hard | 近年来，算法通常与大数据结合，通过打分、排序、评级的方式在用户、环境和推荐对象之间建立联系，进行自动化推荐。全球互联网平台纷纷开发智能推荐系统，大多数都是根据用户使用痕迹进行关联推荐。算法越智能，越能使用户被'安排'进所谓'信息茧房'，即陷入为其量身定制的信息之中。久而久之，用户处于信息'自我禁锢'困境，从而失去了解更大范围事物的机会。因此，有专家担忧地指出，算法应用容易导致人们视野日趋偏狭，思想日趋封闭、僵化甚至极化。
以下哪项如果为真，最能直接支持专家的观点：
I. 电子商务中的商品推荐、社交网络中'你可能认识的好友'等都属于算法具体应用
II. 算法的设计、数据使用等是开发者的主观选择，其主观偏见有可能被嵌入算法系统
III.... | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb", "B. \u975e IV", "C. IV \u6216 I", "D. \u4ec5 III", "E. \u975e I"] | ["B", "E"] | II | abductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 2, "operators": ["NOT"], "tier": "Hard"} | Hard | 42.9 | LOGI-b6584659c64c | {"gold_score": 42.9, "coherence_depth": 0.11, "cognitive_entropy": 0.54, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 22, "logic_density": 1.62, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 3532, "reasoning_segments": 270, "is_high_q... |
LOGI-e14dc0c67c38 | base | false | base | The controversial new code on corporate governance has been reassessed and significantly changed in advance of publication. Following intense pressure from company directors many of the original proposals have been scrapped, and many others have been watered down to reduce the pressure of compliance on organizations. O... | A culture of rule avoidance leads to less board accountability. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | abductive | textual entailment | {} | 64.02 | {"gold_score": 64.02, "coherence_depth": 0.11, "cognitive_entropy": 0.42, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 36, "logic_density": 1.59, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 6319, "reasoning_segments": 309, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-03e547f8b525 | base | false | base | People assume that they go to hospital to get well. However, in the past few years this perception has been challenged by the real risk of acquiring a deadly infection while in hospital. As a consequence, public confidence in the health service has suffered. An antibiotic-resistant strain of bacteria was first identifi... | Staphylococcus infections kill around 1,000 people a year. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 45.49 | {"gold_score": 45.49, "coherence_depth": 0.11, "cognitive_entropy": 0.6, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 24, "logic_density": 1.72, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.5, "thinking_length": 5078, "reasoning_segments": 226, "is_high_q... | |||
LOGI-3d8881a270b8 | base | false | base | Intellectual property infers the right to extort payment when our cultural expression should be free and freely shared. In the digital world everyone is an author, publisher and critic so why should a chosen few be allowed to lay claim to the expression of our common cultural heritage and enjoy the recognition of autho... | The author would agree that I should be able to walk into a bookshop and take any of the works found there without paying. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 47.64 | {"gold_score": 47.64, "coherence_depth": 0.1, "cognitive_entropy": 1.0, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 22, "logic_density": 1.47, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.3, "thinking_length": 9977, "reasoning_segments": 338, "is_high_q... | |||
LOGI-941593728b9f | base | false | base | Being socially responsible is acting ethically and showing integrity. It directly affects our quality of life through such issues as human rights, working conditions, the environment, and corruption. It has traditionally been the sole responsibility of governments to police unethical behaviour. However, the public have... | The ethical actions of corporations has changed over the last ten years. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "A" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 42.02 | {"gold_score": 42.02, "coherence_depth": 0.09, "cognitive_entropy": 0.6, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 19, "logic_density": 1.4, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.75, "fallacy_risk": 0.8, "thinking_length": 3790, "reasoning_segments": 177, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-8da9e8666dee | combinatorial | true | Easy | 某研究表明，新的三层结构钠离子电池的每克容量与传统石墨阳极锂离子电池相当，约为每克 335 毫安时。据此，有专家表示物美价廉钠电池将替代锂电池。
以下哪项如果为真，最能质疑上述论证：
I. 广泛用于制造锂电池的锂是一种稀有且昂贵的金属
II. 具备锂离子和石墨烯三层结构的锂电池，每克容量可达传统石墨阳极锂电池的两倍以上
III. 根据钠的化学性质，钠电池在制造中，可采用轻质且廉价的铝代替铜作为电池辅材
IV. 电池在确保容量的前提下，安全性至关重要，钠电池在使用中的稳定性目前还不明朗 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u4ec5 I", "B. \u4ec5 IV", "C. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb", "D. \u4ec5 III"] | ["B"] | IV | abductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 4, "n_correct": 1, "operators": ["EXACT"], "tier": "Easy"} | Easy | 43.48 | LOGI-8da9e8666dee | {"gold_score": 43.48, "coherence_depth": 0.17, "cognitive_entropy": 0.06, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 21, "logic_density": 2.58, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 1276, "reasoning_segments": 75, "is_high_qu... |
LOGI-d4c4b5dcc056 | base | false | base | The slow development of the innovative universal home remote control system is rather surprising following high expectations this system has raised a decade ago when it was first presented. Whilst having a prototype ready that impressively controlled most of the home electrical appliances using a single, simple and use... | The initial product to reach the market was a reliable, simple and user-friendly device. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 37.98 | {"gold_score": 37.98, "coherence_depth": 0.07, "cognitive_entropy": 0.24, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 17, "logic_density": 1.1, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 3825, "reasoning_segments": 169, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-bb9230cf4270 | base | false | base | The Far Eastern practical philosophy of Confucianism did not begin as a religion and, unlike other religious institutions, does not have a clergy or church associated with tt. It has been followed for two millennia in China and was the state orthodoxy until the Chinese Revolution in 1911. Whilst it 1s not an organised ... | Confucius created an ethical division in Confucianism. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 39.44 | {"gold_score": 39.44, "coherence_depth": 0.08, "cognitive_entropy": 0.6, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 18, "logic_density": 1.19, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 2958, "reasoning_segments": 125, "is_hig... | |||
LOGI-5f425552c0a6 | base | false | base | IT has been used commercially for over 50 years, yet no standard terminology or system for measuring the value of IT expenditure exists. This lack of methodology can be explained by ITs intangible nature and a prevailing belief that IT is a necessary, and uncontrollable, expense. Ultimately, any metric for assessing IT... | The cost of IT professionals sometimes exceeds any personnel costs savings resulting from an IT project. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 72.15 | {"gold_score": 72.15, "coherence_depth": 0.13, "cognitive_entropy": 0.96, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 5, "pivot_count": 36, "logic_density": 2.0, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 1.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.6, "thinking_length": 4673, "reasoning_segments": 250, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-98f3f73f0b29 | combinatorial | true | Hard | If A $ B means A is brother of B; A # B means A is mother of B; A * B means A is daughter of B and A @ B means A is father of B.
Which shows P is grandfather of Q?
I. P @ Q $ R # S
II. P $ Q # R @ S
III. P # Q $ R @ S
IV. P @ Q # R $ S | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u4ec5 III", "B. \u4ec5 I", "C. \u975e III", "D. \u975e II", "E. III \u6216 I"] | ["C", "D"] | IV | deductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 2, "operators": ["NOT"], "tier": "Hard"} | Hard | 111.67 | LOGI-98f3f73f0b29 | {"gold_score": 111.67, "coherence_depth": 0.19, "cognitive_entropy": 0.36, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 67, "logic_density": 2.83, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.4, "thinking_length": 11522, "reasoning_segments": 939, "is_hig... |
LOGI-982fc80678a0 | base | false | base | Topics discussed at Bilderberg Group conferences have included the invasion of Iraq. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | abductive | textual entailment | {} | 50.23 | {"gold_score": 50.23, "coherence_depth": 0.19, "cognitive_entropy": 0.54, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 26, "logic_density": 2.91, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 1.1, "thinking_length": 3761, "reasoning_segments": 208, "is_high_q... | ||||
LOGI-a6211428b287 | base | false | base | Oil prices have been at record levels and are currently at around $45 a barrel. In the most efficient oilfields it costs only 80 to 90 cents to extract a barrel. Most producing countries want greater oil price stability and fear for the effect on their economies and on world demand when, as in recent years, oil prices ... | The passage states that the recent exploration has found new reserves. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 68.5 | {"gold_score": 68.5, "coherence_depth": 0.08, "cognitive_entropy": 0.6, "abductive_strength": 0.9, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 38, "logic_density": 1.26, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 8834, "reasoning_segments": 353, "is_high_qua... | |||
LOGI-dc500fbde21d | base | false | base | Ever since the guns invention it has been changing the world in many different ways. Many of theses changes have been brought about by mans desire to protect themselves, and the challenge of inventing bigger and more accurate weapons.Each time there has been a major innovation in the development of the gun, there has b... | Guns are the reason our society is the way it is today. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 41.87 | {"gold_score": 41.87, "coherence_depth": 0.11, "cognitive_entropy": 0.54, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 24, "logic_density": 1.61, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 3.7, "thinking_length": 4464, "reasoning_segments": 239, "is_hig... | |||
LOGI-523f544d5e03 | base | false | base | lack of water is an ever-worsening global crisis, with over forty percent of the worldspopulation now suffering from regular and severe water shortage. Increases in population mean that there is less water available per capita. In addition, pollution-related global warming is making some countries, which were already s... | Oil shortages, more than a lack of water, are likely to result in war. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | analogical | textual entailment | {} | 100.74 | {"gold_score": 100.74, "coherence_depth": 0.27, "cognitive_entropy": 0.24, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 58, "logic_density": 4.1, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 3288, "reasoning_segments": 191, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-1e877224d388 | combinatorial | true | Hard | 在某高速公路的一段，直线相邻地排列着5个小镇。已知(1)栖霞镇既不和金井镇相邻，也不和莲花镇相邻；(2)五溪镇既不和花石镇相邻，也不和莲花镇相邻；(3)花石镇既不和金井镇相邻，也不和莲花镇相邻；(4)栖霞镇里没有木塔；(5)有木塔的镇是排在第一和第四的小镇
排在第二的小镇是以下哪一个：
I. 栖霞镇
II. 莲花镇
III. 五溪镇
IV. 花石镇 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u4ec5 II", "B. \u975e II", "C. IV \u6216 II", "D. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb", "E. \u975e III"] | ["B", "E"] | I | deductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 2, "operators": ["NOT"], "tier": "Hard"} | Hard | 51.42 | LOGI-1e877224d388 | {"gold_score": 51.42, "coherence_depth": 0.23, "cognitive_entropy": 0.16, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 2, "pivot_count": 27, "logic_density": 3.49, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.4, "thinking_length": 5445, "reasoning_segments": 551, "is_high_q... |
LOGI-47de72b7acf0 | base | false | base | Outside the cities, people have no alternative but to drive their cars to get their children to school, get to hospitals and to go shopping. They already pay among the highest petrol duties in the world and an annual road tax that raises far more than is spent on the national infrastructure. Now they face, within a dec... | People living outside the cities already pay a higher rate of duty on petrol than those living in the city. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 44.53 | {"gold_score": 44.53, "coherence_depth": 0.11, "cognitive_entropy": 0.18, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 21, "logic_density": 1.66, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 1.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 2978, "reasoning_segments": 133, "is_high_q... | |||
LOGI-b14315c9945d | base | false | base | All petals are flowers. Some flowers are buds. Some buds are leaves. All leaves are plants. | Some petals are not buds. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | syllogism | {} | 45.61 | {"gold_score": 45.61, "coherence_depth": 0.15, "cognitive_entropy": 0.18, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 21, "logic_density": 2.32, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 3538, "reasoning_segments": 242, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-36a77f91676c | base | false | base | Matrix coding with conditions: 1) Reverse if >2 vowels, 2) Reverse first 3 if no vowels, 3) Swap last two if repeated letters. | What is the code for 'PMIMN'? | ["A. $4$68", "B. 1%3%6", "C. 4&52&", "D. $5$46", "E. None of these"] | "C" | inductive | coding and decoding | {} | 65.59 | {"gold_score": 65.59, "coherence_depth": 0.12, "cognitive_entropy": 0.12, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 35, "logic_density": 1.85, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 7648, "reasoning_segments": 736, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-3507dd89007f | combinatorial | true | Medium | 在生物学、医学及其子科学的研究中，对从通常的生物学环境中分离出的生物体组织成分进行体外研究的实验称为体外实验；在活体生物机体之中进行研究的实验称为体内实验。
根据上述定义，下列属于体外实验的是：
I. 在培养皿中对卵子授精后观察受精卵的发育情况
II. 在光学显微镜下观察枯草杆菌是否具有鞭毛
III. 研究不同比例氮肥对玉米植株生长的影响
IV. 在试管中观察药剂与某溶液的化学反应 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. II \u6216 III", "B. \u53ea\u6709 I", "C. IV \u6216 II", "D. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb", "E. \u4ec5 I"] | ["B", "E"] | I | deductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 2, "operators": ["EXACT"], "tier": "Medium"} | Medium | 49.73 | LOGI-3507dd89007f | {"gold_score": 49.73, "coherence_depth": 0.11, "cognitive_entropy": 0.48, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 28, "logic_density": 1.7, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.9, "thinking_length": 5985, "reasoning_segments": 327, "is_high_qu... |
LOGI-d140a6d92c1e | base | false | base | News reports for Friday 8 January indicate that an elderly woman was badly injured and rushed to hospital following a car accident, which occurred at approximately 9:20 am in a side street in West bridge, a suburb of Bradfield. The driver of the car was a middle- aged male who claimed that icy road conditions and braki... | Given all the circumstances, the drivers explanation of the cause of the accident is plausible. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "A" | deductive | situational judgement | {} | 40.84 | {"gold_score": 40.84, "coherence_depth": 0.12, "cognitive_entropy": 0.48, "abductive_strength": 0.6, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 21, "logic_density": 1.75, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.5, "thinking_length": 4260, "reasoning_segments": 265, "is_high_q... | |||
LOGI-aaa861ec9e85 | combinatorial | true | Hard | 某公司所有的销售人员都是男性，所有的文秘都是女性，所有的已婚者都是文秘，公司的总经理尚未结婚。
据此，我们可以知道：
I. 总经理是男性
II. 已婚者中有男性
III. 女员工中可能有未婚者
IV. 销售人员中有的已经结婚 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u4ec5 IV", "B. II \u6216 I", "C. \u53ea\u6709 III", "D. III \u6216 II", "E. \u975e II"] | ["C", "D", "E"] | III | deductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 3, "operators": ["NOT", "OR"], "tier": "Hard"} | Hard | 162.98 | LOGI-aaa861ec9e85 | {"gold_score": 162.98, "coherence_depth": 0.35, "cognitive_entropy": 0.12, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 94, "logic_density": 5.29, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 4699, "reasoning_segments": 418, "is_hig... |
LOGI-85ef782f74f6 | combinatorial | true | Hard | 如果停电了，冰箱就不能正常使用，甲家中的冰箱不能正常使用，因此，甲家中一定停电了。
下列选项推理逻辑与题干的最为类似的是：
I. 只有经常锻炼才能身体健康，小华身体健康，所以，小华经常锻炼
II. 除非有新来的员工，否则我们公司的员工都是未婚的，小李已婚，所以，他是新来的员工
III. 如果小明努力学习，就能当上学习委员，小明没有努力学习，所以，小明没有当上学习委员
IV. 如果劳动节放假，小张一定会回家，小张劳动节回家了，因此，一定是劳动节放假了 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u975e I", "B. \u4ec5 I", "C. \u4ec5 III", "D. I \u6216 II", "E. IV \u4e3a\u771f"] | ["A", "E"] | IV | analogical | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 2, "operators": ["NOT"], "tier": "Hard"} | Hard | 51.14 | LOGI-85ef782f74f6 | {"gold_score": 51.14, "coherence_depth": 0.23, "cognitive_entropy": 0.18, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 25, "logic_density": 3.46, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.4, "thinking_length": 3295, "reasoning_segments": 266, "is_high_q... |
LOGI-8a13eb3e5f9b | base | false | base | The police are looking for a man aged about 30 who is suspected of committing an assault on a pair of senior citizens outside their home in Chapel Street, Northwell. The alleged assault occurred shortly after 23.00 hours on Thursday 8 July when the couple, Monica and Albert Smart, were returning home from a social even... | Albert Smart resisted the thief's attempts to steal his wallet, and was taken to the hospital afterwards to have his injuries treated. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "A" | deductive | situational judgement | {} | 46.23 | {"gold_score": 46.23, "coherence_depth": 0.13, "cognitive_entropy": 0.12, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 25, "logic_density": 2.0, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 3675, "reasoning_segments": 171, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-5d5f0db330fb | base | false | base | The typological theory of species classification, which has few adherents today, distinguishes species solely on the basis of observable physical characteristics, such as plumage color, adult size, or dental structure. However, there are many so-called 'sibling species,' which are indistinguishable on the basis of thei... | The reasoning in the argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that | ["A. the argument does not evaluate all aspects of the typological theory", "B. the argument confuses a necessary condition for species distinction with a sufficient condition for species distinction", "C. the argument, in its attempt to refute one theory of species classification, presupposes the truth of an opposing ... | "C" | abductive | argument analysis | {} | 51.76 | {"gold_score": 51.76, "coherence_depth": 0.1, "cognitive_entropy": 0.36, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 21, "logic_density": 1.54, "dim_awareness": 4.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 4227, "reasoning_segments": 182, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-44ec1586810b | base | false | base | The Statute on workplace safety requires that an employer should ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, the health, safety and welfare at work of all full and part time employees, and also those not in direct employment who may be affected by acts or omissions at work. However, it is also the duty of employees to... | If a workplace visitor is hurt due to an act of negligence by an employee then the employee may be held solely responsible. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 71.67 | {"gold_score": 71.67, "coherence_depth": 0.22, "cognitive_entropy": 0.42, "abductive_strength": 0.9, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 38, "logic_density": 3.33, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.5, "thinking_length": 2600, "reasoning_segments": 137, "is_high_q... | |||
LOGI-32f5687e14c1 | base | false | base | The ministry of railways has decided to develop 400 identified railway stations under the innovative Swiss Challenge method; it has decided to go ahead with the development of a few stations on its own. | Railways has decided to upgrade a few stations with the help of the public sector. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "A" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 68.95 | {"gold_score": 68.95, "coherence_depth": 0.1, "cognitive_entropy": 0.3, "abductive_strength": 1.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 35, "logic_density": 1.54, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.3, "thinking_length": 7894, "reasoning_segments": 375, "is_high_q... | |||
LOGI-ac1fd3f525d9 | combinatorial | true | Expert | 从理论上说，如果不考虑其他因素，'体型大'和'寿命长'是动物容易罹患癌症最合理的两个答案。因为'体型大'意味着组成身体的细胞数量更多，而'寿命长'意味着需要更多的新生细胞来更新换代；细胞越多，细胞分裂随机突变的概率就越高。
以下各项如果为真，最能质疑上述论证的是：
I. 小白鼠等寿命短的小动物易患癌症
II. 人类因吸烟而导致患癌症风险上升
III. 寿命长、体型庞大的象罹患癌症的概率很低
IV. 海牛与蹄兔是近亲，它们体型相差悬殊，却都不易罹患癌症 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. III \u6216 IV", "B. \u975e I \u4e14\u975e II", "C. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb", "D. \u975e II", "E. \u975e II \u4e14\u975e IV", "F. \u4ec5 II"] | ["A", "B", "D", "E"] | III | abductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 6, "n_correct": 4, "operators": ["NOT", "OR"], "tier": "Expert"} | Expert | 82.07 | LOGI-ac1fd3f525d9 | {"gold_score": 82.07, "coherence_depth": 0.05, "cognitive_entropy": 0.12, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 50, "logic_density": 0.71, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.5, "thinking_length": 2427, "reasoning_segments": 134, "is_high_q... |
LOGI-3f22e5f2da22 | base | false | base | Instituted in 1979 as a temporary measure to limit population growth, Chinas one child policy remains in force today and is likely to continue for another decade. Chinas population control policy has attracted criticism because of the manner in which it is enforced, and also because of its social repercussions. Support... | Families with more than one child are more common in China's rural areas. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 43.4 | {"gold_score": 43.4, "coherence_depth": 0.12, "cognitive_entropy": 0.36, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 19, "logic_density": 1.86, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 2990, "reasoning_segments": 156, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-31a06c6a1e56 | base | false | base | Matrix coding with conditions: 1) Reverse if >2 vowels, 2) Reverse first 3 if no vowels, 3) Swap last two if repeated letters. | What is the code for 'QJCWM'? | ["A. 71$3%", "B. 0736%", "C. 78&%4", "D. %073&", "E. None of these"] | "D" | inductive | coding and decoding | {} | 118.71 | {"gold_score": 118.71, "coherence_depth": 0.09, "cognitive_entropy": 0.06, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 74, "logic_density": 1.32, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 16627, "reasoning_segments": 1615, "is_hig... | |||
LOGI-a252ac5a6468 | base | false | base | A recent study investigating the effects of stress at work argues that stress management programs should be included in all organisational development policies as a key step in helping to fight absenteeism from work and work-related stress. The Confederation of Work and Industry states that it is essential to counter w... | Many smaller businesses will not permit policies for absenteeism from work. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 40.5 | {"gold_score": 40.5, "coherence_depth": 0.1, "cognitive_entropy": 0.12, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 21, "logic_density": 1.43, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 3820, "reasoning_segments": 186, "is_high_qua... | |||
LOGI-104a7683607f | base | false | base | Journalist: Recent studies have demonstrated that a regular smoker who has just smoked a cigarette will typically display significantly better short-term memory skills than a nonsmoker, whether or not the nonsmoker has also just smoked a cigarette for the purposes of the study. Moreover, the majority of those smokers w... | If the journalist's statements are true, then each of the following could be true EXCEPT: | ["A. The short-term memory skills exhibited by a nonsmoker who has just smoked a cigarette are usually substantially worse than the short-term memory skills exhibited by a nonsmoker who has not recently smoked a cigarette.", "B. The short-term memory skills exhibited by a nonsmoker who has just smoked a cigarette are t... | "B" | deductive | argument analysis | {} | 140.99 | {"gold_score": 140.99, "coherence_depth": 0.16, "cognitive_entropy": 0.36, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 84, "logic_density": 2.4, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.3, "thinking_length": 10469, "reasoning_segments": 713, "is_hig... | |||
LOGI-d0faced30e51 | combinatorial | true | Medium | 王某出游途中，在某河道旁洗车，污水流入河道产生污染。当地政府工作人员发现后试图制止他的行为，但是他不仅不听劝，反问：'我就是洗个车而已，与工业污染相比算得了啥，那些往江河湖海排污水、往大气中排污染气体的厂家，你们管得了吗？制止住了吗？'
以下最能反驳王某观点的是：
I. 制止工业污染需要付出经济代价
II. 为了保护环境，任何污染行为都应该制止
III. 生活污染对环境的破坏不亚于工业污染
IV. 当地政府已经多次查处违法企业的偷排行为 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. III \u6216 I", "B. \u53ea\u6709 II", "C. I \u6216 III", "D. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb", "E. II \u6216 IV"] | ["B", "E"] | II | deductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 2, "operators": ["OR"], "tier": "Medium"} | Medium | 43.47 | LOGI-d0faced30e51 | {"gold_score": 43.47, "coherence_depth": 0.09, "cognitive_entropy": 0.12, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 21, "logic_density": 1.41, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.3, "thinking_length": 2732, "reasoning_segments": 150, "is_high... |
LOGI-50854bc00937 | combinatorial | true | Medium | 有小新、小明和小方三位同班同学参加了今年的考研，已知：（1）小新的专业成绩比小方要高；（2）小明的英语成绩是最低的；（3）小方的专业成绩是最高的；（4）小明的政治成绩比小新要低。
如果上述说法中有一项是假的，则下列说法一定为真的是哪项：
I. 小新的英语成绩比小明低
II. 小明的政治成绩是最低的
III. 小方的英语成绩比小明高
IV. 小明的专业成绩是最低的 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. I \u6216 II", "B. III \u4e3a\u771f", "C. III \u6216 I", "D. \u4ec5 I", "E. IV \u6216 I"] | ["B", "C"] | III | deductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 2, "operators": ["OR"], "tier": "Medium"} | Medium | 112.13 | LOGI-50854bc00937 | {"gold_score": 112.13, "coherence_depth": 0.26, "cognitive_entropy": 0.12, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 67, "logic_density": 3.87, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.5, "thinking_length": 6347, "reasoning_segments": 521, "is_high_... |
LOGI-462d1ee308ed | base | false | base | DIVISION : SECTION | ["A. layer : tier", "B. tether : bundle", "C. chapter : verse", "D. riser : stage", "E. dais : speaker"] | "A" | analogical | textual entailment | {} | 41.59 | {"gold_score": 41.59, "coherence_depth": 0.09, "cognitive_entropy": 0.4, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 22, "logic_density": 1.3, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 5956, "reasoning_segments": 305, "is_high_qua... | ||||
LOGI-3503da95e4ae | combinatorial | true | Hard | 只有在湿度高且光线昏暗的山林里才会有野生灵芝生长。紫金山林区没有野生灵芝生长。
若以上判断为真，可推出以下哪项结论：
I. 紫金山林区湿度不高并且光线不昏暗。
II. 如果紫金山林区光线昏暗，则肯定湿度不高。
III. 如果紫金山林区湿度高，则肯定光线不昏暗。
I. 仅 I
II. 仅 II
III. 仅 II和III
IV. I、II和III都推不出 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. IV \u6216 I", "B. \u975e III", "C. I \u6216 II", "D. \u4ec5 III", "E. \u4ec5 II"] | ["A", "B"] | IV | deductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 2, "operators": ["NOT", "OR"], "tier": "Hard"} | Hard | 203.84 | LOGI-3503da95e4ae | {"gold_score": 203.84, "coherence_depth": 0.22, "cognitive_entropy": 1.0, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 121, "logic_density": 3.32, "dim_awareness": 4.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 1.4, "thinking_length": 12707, "reasoning_segments": 1128, "is_h... |
LOGI-fd70a7c46bac | base | false | base | Which of the following can be concluded from the above statement? | Indoor air is 10 to 30 times more polluted than outdoor air, and pollutants include dust mites, bacteria, fungi, viruses and pollen. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 112.18 | {"gold_score": 112.18, "coherence_depth": 0.14, "cognitive_entropy": 0.3, "abductive_strength": 0.6, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 66, "logic_density": 2.03, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 1.0, "fallacy_risk": 2.2, "thinking_length": 7153, "reasoning_segments": 358, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-4afd697f762b | combinatorial | true | Expert | 某餐厅包厢在举办同学聚会。该包厢中，一个是广东人，两个是南方人，一个是河北人。2人只做服装生意，3人只做机电生意。假设以上陈述涉及了包厢中的所有人。
则下列说法正确的是：
I. 该包厢中最少可能是3人，最多可能是8人
II. 该包厢中最少可能是5人，最多可能是8人
III. 该包厢中最少可能是5人，最多可能是9人
IV. 该包厢中最少可能是3人，最多可能是9人 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u975e III \u4e14\u975e IV", "B. II \u6216 I", "C. \u4ec5 IV", "D. \u4ec5 I", "E. \u4ec5 III", "F. I \u6216 III"] | ["A", "B"] | II | deductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 6, "n_correct": 2, "operators": ["NOT", "OR"], "tier": "Expert"} | Expert | 134.26 | LOGI-4afd697f762b | {"gold_score": 134.26, "coherence_depth": 0.24, "cognitive_entropy": 0.48, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 78, "logic_density": 3.59, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.4, "thinking_length": 12745, "reasoning_segments": 798, "is_hi... |
LOGI-9eeca08b1b2f | base | false | base | Nobody knows what life forms may exist outside our own planet. The search for extra-terrestrial life in the universe took a step nearer to fruition with the discovery in June of what are believed to be traces of water on the surface of Mars. Life on our planet requires water and its presence on Mars may point towards t... | Since the Phoenix Mars Lander cannot excavate it is limited to surface photography. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 52.91 | {"gold_score": 52.91, "coherence_depth": 0.1, "cognitive_entropy": 0.12, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 28, "logic_density": 1.51, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 1855, "reasoning_segments": 106, "is_high_qu... | |||
LOGI-bcf4c67213b3 | combinatorial | true | Medium | 张、王、李、孟4人到上海、广州、成都、西安4城市调研，每人调研2个城市，且4人调研的城市均不完全相同。已知：
（1）若李、孟均不去成都，则王去广州；
（2）若王去上海或广州，则张、李均不去西安。
补充条件：只有李去了广州且张未去成都。
可以得出下列哪项：
I. 张、孟均去上海
II. 张、孟均去成都
III. 张、孟均不去上海
IV. 张、孟均不去成都 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. II \u6216 III", "B. \u4ec5 IV", "C. I \u6216 IV", "D. \u4ec5 I", "E. IV \u6216 II"] | ["C", "D"] | I | deductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 2, "operators": ["EXACT", "OR"], "tier": "Medium"} | Medium | 42.34 | LOGI-bcf4c67213b3 | {"gold_score": 42.34, "coherence_depth": 0.24, "cognitive_entropy": 0.0, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 19, "logic_density": 3.63, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.75, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 6836, "reasoning_segments": 822, "is_high_... |
LOGI-8ac88f09917f | base | false | base | Moralist: Immoral actions are those that harm other people. But since such actions eventually harm those who perform them, those who act immorally do so only through ignorance of some of their actions’ consequences rather than through a character defect. | Which one of the following is an assumption required by the moralist’s argument? | ["A. People ignorant of their actions\u2019 consequences cannot be held morally responsible for those consequences.", "B. An action harms those who perform it only if it also eventually harms others.", "C. Only someone with a character defect would knowingly perform actions that eventually harm others.", "D. Those who,... | "D" | deductive | argument analysis | {} | 91.05 | {"gold_score": 91.05, "coherence_depth": 0.18, "cognitive_entropy": 0.38, "abductive_strength": 0.6, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 67, "logic_density": 2.67, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 9.1, "thinking_length": 17046, "reasoning_segments": 1083, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-d9f00a49e887 | base | false | base | Human beings can exhibit complex, goal-oriented behavior without conscious awareness of what they are doing. Thus, merely establishing that nonhuman animals are intelligent will not establish that they have consciousness. | Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends? | ["A. Complex, goal-oriented behavior requires intelligence.", "B. The possession of consciousness does not imply the possession of intelligence.", "C. All forms of conscious behavior involve the exercise of intelligence.", "D. The possession of intelligence entails the possession of consciousness.", "E. Some intelligen... | "A" | deductive | argument analysis | {} | 40.97 | {"gold_score": 40.97, "coherence_depth": 0.16, "cognitive_entropy": 0.22, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 20, "logic_density": 2.35, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 3786, "reasoning_segments": 254, "is_high_q... | |||
LOGI-96da98fc3381 | base | false | base | Annually the average household spends on running electrical appliances: 82 on washing and drying, 49 on lighting, 38 on refrigeration of food, a rather wasteful 95 on the wide-screen TV, 17 powering computers, wireless networks and charging phones and, not surprising for the British, 23 on boiling the kettle for all th... | Were we to learn to use electricity more frugally and become a little more attentive in order to reduce the waste, we would hardly notice the difference in terms of the impact on our daily lives. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 42.92 | {"gold_score": 42.92, "coherence_depth": 0.08, "cognitive_entropy": 1.0, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 22, "logic_density": 1.24, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 6775, "reasoning_segments": 309, "is_high_q... | |||
LOGI-c5d18eb10612 | base | false | base | Large areas of land are needed for growing plants that will be distilled into biofuels. Producing biofucls from agricultural commodities has forced up the price of food. This ts just one of the negative impacts that ncreased biofuel production has had on food securtty. In August, food scientist Sharon de Cruz demanded ... | Genetically modified crops produce biofuels more efficiently. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "A" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 41.52 | {"gold_score": 41.52, "coherence_depth": 0.09, "cognitive_entropy": 0.24, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 21, "logic_density": 1.37, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 3416, "reasoning_segments": 164, "is_high_q... | |||
LOGI-019d126ada07 | base | false | base | If it rains, the ground gets wet. The ground is wet. | Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the statements? | ["A. Only conclusion I follows (It rained)", "B. Only conclusion II follows (If the ground is wet, it rained)", "C. Either I or II follows", "D. Neither I nor II follows", "E. Both I and II follow"] | "E" | deductive | syllogism | {} | 45.28 | {"gold_score": 45.28, "coherence_depth": 0.1, "cognitive_entropy": 0.0, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.33, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 21, "logic_density": 1.56, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.75, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 1408, "reasoning_segments": 83, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-3f1bb244b6c3 | base | false | base | Internet experts are warning of a new multitude of extremely dangerous computer viruses that have recently been causing devastation and could potentially cripple entire global computer systems. These viruses can replicate thousands of copies within hours and are capable of extirpating security software that, in turn, e... | Internet experts are advising computer users to replace their software if they suspect it has been tampered with. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 43.53 | {"gold_score": 43.53, "coherence_depth": 0.11, "cognitive_entropy": 0.72, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 23, "logic_density": 1.71, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.4, "thinking_length": 5143, "reasoning_segments": 262, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-c5869a3dfb80 | base | false | base | A 13-year-old boy, Gareth Jones, was taken to Downston Police Station on Saturday 11 June under the suspicion of shoplifting in a local superstore. Gareth Jones denies all of the charges made against him. It is also known that: Gareth is an orphan. The store security officer has a grudge against Gareth because he is th... | Gareth had bought some goods at the store. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "A" | deductive | situational judgement | {} | 60.63 | {"gold_score": 60.63, "coherence_depth": 0.12, "cognitive_entropy": 0.42, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 31, "logic_density": 1.77, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 5971, "reasoning_segments": 291, "is_hig... | |||
LOGI-260190db8434 | base | false | base | Two studies published recently show that 13 of 16 children treated with gene therapy treating diseases by correcting a patient's faulty genes - for severe combined immune deficiency, or SCID, have had their immune systems restored. The best treatment for the disease is a bone marrow transplant from an immunologically ... | Of the remedies mentioned, bone marrow transplant from an immunologically unmatched donor has the lowest rate of success. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "A" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 49.36 | {"gold_score": 49.36, "coherence_depth": 0.1, "cognitive_entropy": 1.0, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 27, "logic_density": 1.45, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.7, "thinking_length": 7912, "reasoning_segments": 388, "is_high_qua... | |||
LOGI-2ef1deeef6e3 | combinatorial | true | Easy | 某实验室一共有3种类型的机器人，C型能识别颜色、S型能识别形状、X型既不能识别颜色也不能识别形状。当命令它们拿起红球时，1号拿起的是红方块，2号拿起的是蓝球。
根据上述实验，以下哪项断定一定为真：
I. 1号和2号都是X型
II. 1号和2号都不是X型
III. 1号是C型且2号是S型
IV. 1号不是S型且2号不是C型 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u4ec5 I", "B. IV \u4e3a\u771f", "C. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb", "D. \u4ec5 III"] | ["B"] | IV | deductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 4, "n_correct": 1, "operators": [], "tier": "Easy"} | Easy | 51.9 | LOGI-2ef1deeef6e3 | {"gold_score": 51.9, "coherence_depth": 0.29, "cognitive_entropy": 0.0, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.33, "abstraction_level": 2, "pivot_count": 27, "logic_density": 4.37, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 1732, "reasoning_segments": 147, "is_high_qu... |
LOGI-4ce8c86c011f | base | false | base | English writers who have spoken of Goethes Doctrine of Colours, have generally confined their remarks to those parts of the work in which he has undertaken to account for the colours of the prismatic spectrum, and of refraction altogether, on principles different from the received theory of Newton. The less questionabl... | Mathematics was Goethes greatest science. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 41.35 | {"gold_score": 41.35, "coherence_depth": 0.13, "cognitive_entropy": 0.0, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 20, "logic_density": 2.01, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.75, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 1765, "reasoning_segments": 91, "is_high_q... | |||
LOGI-b43bf26bde05 | base | false | base | All scientific knowledge is provisional. Everything that science knows, even the most mundane facts and long-established theories, is subject to re-examination as new information comes in. the latest data and ideas are scrutinised the most. Some recantations will be unavoidable, but this is not a weakness of science, b... | Science improves understanding on the basis of leaving unchallenged those theories that appear to work. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 148.91 | {"gold_score": 148.91, "coherence_depth": 0.11, "cognitive_entropy": 0.0, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 5, "pivot_count": 92, "logic_density": 1.66, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.75, "fallacy_risk": 0.4, "thinking_length": 2667, "reasoning_segments": 130, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-80f5138ba7ff | base | false | base | Researcher: We have found that some cases of high blood pressure can be treated effectively with medicine. Since it is generally accepted that any illness caused by stress is treatable only by the reduction of stress, some cases of high blood pressure must not be caused by stress. | Which one of the following is an assumption required by the researcher’s argument? | ["A. The correlation between stress and all cases of high blood pressure is merely coincidental.", "B. The reduction of stress in a person\u2019s life can at times lower that person\u2019s blood pressure.", "C. Reduced stress does not reduce a person\u2019s responsiveness to medicine used to treat high blood pressure."... | "E" | deductive | argument analysis | {} | 77.83 | {"gold_score": 77.83, "coherence_depth": 0.33, "cognitive_entropy": 0.72, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 34, "logic_density": 4.98, "dim_awareness": 3.0, "option_coverage": 1.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.5, "thinking_length": 5868, "reasoning_segments": 399, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-1439cca6355e | base | false | base | At the moment of GTC, like other European producers, is able to relieve at least some of its over-capacity by exporting, partly to Central America. A decade from now, that region will be largely self-sufficient and trade will be starting to flow the other way. However, for GTC investors, the companys recent restructure... | Central American producers will find a ready market for their products in Europe. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 79.97 | {"gold_score": 79.97, "coherence_depth": 0.14, "cognitive_entropy": 0.78, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 46, "logic_density": 2.14, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 4802, "reasoning_segments": 238, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-255a769fd902 | base | false | base | The amount of liquid assets held by non-financial corporations has almost doubled over the past five years. The increase in assets relative to debt is in sharp contrast to the late 1990s, when companies raised large amounts of debt to fund capital investments and acquisitions. The reluc- tance of companies today to spe... | In the late 1990s, capital spending in the telecommunications and high-technology sectors led to production outstripping supply. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "A" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 106.45 | {"gold_score": 106.45, "coherence_depth": 0.13, "cognitive_entropy": 0.78, "abductive_strength": 0.9, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 62, "logic_density": 2.01, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 1.4, "thinking_length": 7602, "reasoning_segments": 346, "is_hig... | |||
LOGI-10929013a42c | base | false | base | The project was ambitious in its size, complexity, triparty nature, and in its pioneering of the Private Finance Initiative. This difficulty was unavoidable and contributed to the projects failure. However, a more thorough estimate of the unknown difficulties and timescales would have enabled the Department to better p... | XSoft withheld information from the Department regarding how long the project would take. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | abductive | textual entailment | {} | 48.35 | {"gold_score": 48.35, "coherence_depth": 0.14, "cognitive_entropy": 0.18, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 26, "logic_density": 2.07, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.6, "thinking_length": 3311, "reasoning_segments": 172, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-db4fc9975921 | base | false | base | Advocate: You claim that it is wrong to own gasoline-powered cars because they pollute too much; you have an electric car, which pollutes far less. But the company that made your car also makes millions of gasoline-powered vehicles, so your patronage benefits a producer of products to which you object. Thus, if you are... | Which one of the following principles, if valid, would most help to justify the advocate's reasoning? | ["A. An action can be wrong even if it has fewer negative consequences than another action.", "B. One should purchase a product only if it pollutes less than any competing product.", "C. One should purchase every product whose use has no negative consequences.", "D. One should not support an organization that does anyt... | "D" | abductive | argument analysis | {} | 63.61 | {"gold_score": 63.61, "coherence_depth": 0.09, "cognitive_entropy": 0.1, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 37, "logic_density": 1.33, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 3174, "reasoning_segments": 169, "is_high_q... | |||
LOGI-b1b4d879e69c | combinatorial | true | Easy | 几只猴子分一筐桃子，结果没有两只猴子分到的桃子数量完全相同；没有一只猴子恰好是分到5个桃子；没有猴子分到的桃子数等于或超过全部猴子数。
如果上述统计是真实的，则下列哪项断定也一定是真的：
I. 这些猴子中，有一只猴子1个桃子都没有分到
II. 这些猴子的数量，不少于3只
III. 这些猴子的数量，不多于5只
I. 只有I和II
II. 只有I和III
III. 只有I
IV. I、II和III | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u4ec5 I", "B. \u4ec5 III", "C. \u4ec5 IV", "D. \u53ea\u6709 II"] | ["D"] | II | deductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 4, "n_correct": 1, "operators": [], "tier": "Easy"} | Easy | 99.65 | LOGI-b1b4d879e69c | {"gold_score": 99.65, "coherence_depth": 0.31, "cognitive_entropy": 0.16, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 54, "logic_density": 4.61, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 6110, "reasoning_segments": 572, "is_high... |
LOGI-ef8463b62ddc | combinatorial | true | Medium | 啤酒与人类健康的关系向来受到科学家关注。由于女性的手指骨骼会最先出现骨质疏松症状。研究人员选择对她们的指骨进行超声波成像扫描。扫描结果显示，常喝啤酒的女性和不喝啤酒的女性骨密度有显著差异，前者的骨密度高于后者（论据：对比实验）。所以，研究人员认为喝啤酒有助于女性预防骨质疏松（结论：归因）。
以下如果为真，最能削弱上述结论的是：
I. 有喝啤酒习惯的女性大多喜欢参加体育运动，身体健壮。骨骼密度本来就相对较高
II. 啤酒中含有的黄豆芽苷元是否能有效防止骨骼老化还有待于进一步研究
III. 啤酒中的酒精不利于钙质的吸收，而缺钙容易导致骨骼发育不良
IV. 每天喝200毫升啤酒的女性，其骨骼密度高于每天喝500毫升啤酒的女性 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. III \u6216 II", "B. \u53ea\u6709 I", "C. \u4ec5 IV", "D. \u4ec5 III", "E. II \u6216 III"] | ["B"] | I | abductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 1, "operators": [], "tier": "Medium"} | Medium | 69.22 | LOGI-ef8463b62ddc | {"gold_score": 69.22, "coherence_depth": 0.13, "cognitive_entropy": 0.78, "abductive_strength": 1.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 34, "logic_density": 2.02, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 4233, "reasoning_segments": 269, "is_high... |
LOGI-83d95717bd0c | base | false | base | 天天公司将生产线由A县搬至B县，这对两个县来说都是好事，因为这一做法提高了两县企业的平均生产效率。 | 若上述论断成立，则必须补充的前提是： | ["\u2460 \u5929\u5929\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u6548\u7387\u6bd4A\u53bf\u5176\u4ed6\u4f01\u4e1a\u90fd\u4f4e\n\u2461 \u5929\u5929\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u4e8eA\u53bf\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u751f\u4ea7\u6548\u7387\n\u2462 B\u53bf\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u751f\u4ea7\u6548\u7387\u... | "C" | deductive | argument analysis | {} | 132.5 | {"gold_score": 132.5, "coherence_depth": 0.25, "cognitive_entropy": 1.0, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 75, "logic_density": 3.78, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 10189, "reasoning_segments": 737, "is_hig... | |||
LOGI-f8df6043d442 | base | false | base | The business of the Company shall be managed by the directors who, subject to the law, the memorandum and articles of association, and any direction given by special resolution, may exercise all the powers of the company. The minimum number of directors is two; there is no maximum number. The directors, or the company ... | Individual bankruptcy is governed by the Insolvency Act. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 48.02 | {"gold_score": 48.02, "coherence_depth": 0.07, "cognitive_entropy": 0.9, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 24, "logic_density": 1.1, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.7, "thinking_length": 5732, "reasoning_segments": 264, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-d3b189fd3eb8 | base | false | base | Persistent weakness in global demand and the lower value of oil products led Indias merchandise exports to fall for the sixth straight month in May, while a decline in gold imports helped the trade deficit narrow to a three-month low. | There will be an increase in the collection of indirect taxes in the month of April and May | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 93.56 | {"gold_score": 93.56, "coherence_depth": 0.21, "cognitive_entropy": 0.36, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 51, "logic_density": 3.19, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.7, "thinking_length": 4350, "reasoning_segments": 265, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-20a6d0dbb8cc | combinatorial | true | Hard | 抹香鲸是体型最大的齿鲸。由于潜水能力极强，抹香鲸也是潜水最深、潜水时间最长的哺乳动物。只有在有大量乌贼存活且不结冰的海域，才会有抹香鲸存活。阿拉弗拉海域没有抹香鲸。
根据以上断定，可得出以下哪项结论：
I. 阿拉弗拉海域或者没有大量乌贼存活，或者是结冰的海域
II. 只有在不结冰的海域里，乌贼才能存活
III. 阿拉弗拉海域没有齿鲸
I. 仅 I
II. 仅 II
III. 仅 III
IV. I, II和III都得不出 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. IV \u6216 III", "B. IV \u4e3a\u771f", "C. \u975e III", "D. \u4ec5 II", "E. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb"] | ["A", "B", "C"] | IV | deductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 3, "operators": ["NOT", "OR"], "tier": "Hard"} | Hard | 104.13 | LOGI-20a6d0dbb8cc | {"gold_score": 104.13, "coherence_depth": 0.18, "cognitive_entropy": 0.56, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 61, "logic_density": 2.73, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 1.3, "thinking_length": 8123, "reasoning_segments": 810, "is_hig... |
LOGI-76eeee0bf49c | base | false | base | Traffic levels have fallen by 15% and congestion is down by a third. In August the Mayor of London announced a plan to extend the 5 charge for driving in central London during the working week westwards to Kensington and Chelsea. This was despite a consultative process in which almost 70,000 people and the vast majorit... | Whilst the majority of respondents voted against the extension it is possible that they welcomed the fall in traffic levels and lower congestion. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "A" | abductive | textual entailment | {} | 75.23 | {"gold_score": 75.23, "coherence_depth": 0.17, "cognitive_entropy": 0.12, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 40, "logic_density": 2.54, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 3635, "reasoning_segments": 176, "is_hig... | |||
LOGI-516d0d156201 | base | false | base | The refectory opens at 6:30 a. m. to serve breakfast which must be ordered by 9:30 a. m. Lunch is served between 11:45 a. m. and 2:30 p. m. Dinner is served between 6:00 p. m. and 8:30 p. m. Guests can be accommodated at lunchtimes and dinnertimes provided that 24 hours notice has been given. Vegetarian options are alw... | Dinner can be ordered before 6:00 p. m. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 56.08 | {"gold_score": 56.08, "coherence_depth": 0.17, "cognitive_entropy": 1.0, "abductive_strength": 0.6, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 26, "logic_density": 2.56, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.5, "thinking_length": 6061, "reasoning_segments": 358, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-ffdc2c83e58d | base | false | base | There are 150,000 criminals who have been convicted, have served a period in prison and been released early to be supervised in the community by the governments probation service. A small proportion while on probation commit further offences, including very serious crimes. Offenders on probation have been convicted of ... | In the context of the passage, the term very serious crime can be taken to mean murder or attempted murder. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 136.02 | {"gold_score": 136.02, "coherence_depth": 0.12, "cognitive_entropy": 1.0, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 82, "logic_density": 1.74, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.9, "thinking_length": 12756, "reasoning_segments": 615, "is_hi... | |||
LOGI-ca40b56d267c | base | false | base | In an experiment, scientists changed a single gene in cloned flies of a certain species. These cloned flies lacked the eye cells that give flies ultraviolet vision, even though cloned siblings with unaltered, otherwise identical genes had normal vision. Thus, scientists have shown that flies of this species lacking ult... | Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument? | ["A. The relationship between genes and vision in flies is well understood.", "B. No other gene in the flies in the experiment is required for the formation of the ultraviolet vision cells.", "C. Ultraviolet vision is a trait found in all species of flies.", "D. The gene change had no effect on the flies other than the... | "B" | deductive | argument analysis | {} | 58.08 | {"gold_score": 58.08, "coherence_depth": 0.15, "cognitive_entropy": 0.3, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 29, "logic_density": 2.24, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 8150, "reasoning_segments": 324, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-b9954770569f | base | false | base | For small to mediun-sized busmesses, outsourcing payroll operations 1s almost certamly a way to save time and staff costs. Payrol-service providers utilise specially designed computer systems, resulting in greater speed, accuracy and flexibility than an in-house department. Outsourcing the time-consuming burden of payr... | Large businesses would not benefit from outsourcing payroll operations. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 43.65 | {"gold_score": 43.65, "coherence_depth": 0.1, "cognitive_entropy": 0.3, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 20, "logic_density": 1.52, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.7, "thinking_length": 2038, "reasoning_segments": 111, "is_high_q... | |||
LOGI-b14315c9945d | base | false | base | All petals are flowers. Some flowers are buds. Some buds are leaves. All leaves are plants. | Some petals are not buds. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | syllogism | {} | 40.47 | {"gold_score": 40.47, "coherence_depth": 0.13, "cognitive_entropy": 0.06, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 21, "logic_density": 1.95, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 6574, "reasoning_segments": 455, "is_high_q... | |||
LOGI-12b0ee8bf3b2 | base | false | base | To what extent does advertising a product at a sporting event increase sales? In light of the London Olympics, the relationship between sporting events and advertising is under greater scrutiny by British companies than ever before. Research suggests that in the year prior to the Games, twelve percent of adults talked ... | As a result of the London Olympics sporting events and advertising is now protected by statute. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 39.84 | {"gold_score": 39.84, "coherence_depth": 0.06, "cognitive_entropy": 0.24, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 19, "logic_density": 0.9, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.5, "thinking_length": 3830, "reasoning_segments": 177, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-31fb73b68812 | combinatorial | true | Expert | 人们已经知道：如果果蝇体内的w基因发挥作用，雄性果蝇就不会向雌性果蝇求爱，转而追求同性。因此果蝇的同性恋行为被认为是由遗传因素决定的。最近，研究人员培养出W基因发挥作用的雄性果蝇，然后利用这种果蝇进行了实验。
以下哪项如果为真，最能支持研究人员的发现：
I. 如果这种雄性果蝇羽化为成虫后，只要进行一天以上的集体饲养，雄性果蝇就开始追逐其他雌性果蝇，显示出求爱行为；但如果这种果蝇羽化后是一只只隔离饲养的，则不会出现此种行为
II. 如果这种雄性果蝇羽化后是一只只隔离饲养的，若干天后，果蝇就开始表现出对其他雄性果蝇的求爱行为；如果这种雄性果蝇羽化为成虫后是集体饲养的，则不会出现此种行为
III. 如果这种雄性果蝇羽化为成虫后，只要进行一... | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. III \u4e3a\u771f", "B. III \u6216 IV", "C. I \u6216 II", "D. \u975e I \u4e14\u975e IV", "E. IV \u6216 I", "F. \u4ec5 I"] | ["A", "B", "D"] | III | abductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 6, "n_correct": 3, "operators": ["NOT", "OR"], "tier": "Expert"} | Expert | 93.24 | LOGI-31fb73b68812 | {"gold_score": 93.24, "coherence_depth": 0.17, "cognitive_entropy": 0.42, "abductive_strength": 0.9, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 48, "logic_density": 2.5, "dim_awareness": 3.0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 6473, "reasoning_segments": 451, "is_high_... |
LOGI-808d7726385f | combinatorial | true | Medium | 自左至右一排停着甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、己等6辆车。已知：（1）甲、乙中间隔着1辆车；（2）丙在乙的左边，中间隔着2辆车；（3）丁、乙两车不相邻，但丁、戊相邻，且丁在戊的左边。
根据以上陈述，按照自左至右，一定可以得出以下哪项：
I. 丙排在第一
II. 己排在第五
III. 甲排在第四
IV. 乙排在第六 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb", "B. \u4ec5 I", "C. \u4ec5 IV", "D. \u4ec5 III", "E. II \u4e3a\u771f"] | ["E"] | II | deductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 1, "operators": [], "tier": "Medium"} | Medium | 40.59 | LOGI-808d7726385f | {"gold_score": 40.59, "coherence_depth": 0.17, "cognitive_entropy": 0.06, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 2, "pivot_count": 21, "logic_density": 2.51, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 5197, "reasoning_segments": 546, "is_high_q... |
LOGI-efa151ef037b | base | false | base | The ministry of railways has decided to develop 400 identified railway stations under the innovative Swiss Challenge method; it has decided to go ahead with the development of a few stations on its own. | Railways has decided to revamp the railway stations with the help of private sector. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 70.28 | {"gold_score": 70.28, "coherence_depth": 0.14, "cognitive_entropy": 1.0, "abductive_strength": 0.9, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 36, "logic_density": 2.04, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 1.0, "thinking_length": 9061, "reasoning_segments": 388, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-da647d73b3e0 | combinatorial | true | Hard | 音爆是飞行器在突破音障时，由于对空气的压缩无法迅速传播，会逐渐形成激波面，激波面上高度集中的声学能量引起巨大响声，让人耳感受到短暂而极其强烈的爆炸声。音爆只有在突破音速即超音速飞行时才会产生。音爆云则是以飞行器为中心轴、从机翼前段开始向四周均匀扩散的圆锥状云团。其产生主要是由于气流流速突破音速时比空气传导速度更快，无法有效向下拉气流，导致密度减小，气压降低，水气凝结成微小的水珠，肉眼看来就像是云雾般的状态。音爆云在跨音速飞行时常常出现，但不仅在跨音速飞行时才能出现。
根据上述定义，下列说法正确的是：
I. 音爆产生时就会出现音爆云
II. 音爆云出现标志着音爆产生
III. 音爆云出现说明突破了音障
IV. 音爆产生时是超音速飞行 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u53ea\u6709 IV", "B. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb", "C. III \u6216 I", "D. \u975e III", "E. IV \u6216 III"] | ["A", "D", "E"] | IV | deductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 3, "operators": ["NOT", "OR"], "tier": "Hard"} | Hard | 41.57 | LOGI-da647d73b3e0 | {"gold_score": 41.57, "coherence_depth": 0.14, "cognitive_entropy": 0.06, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 22, "logic_density": 2.08, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 2613, "reasoning_segments": 138, "is_high_... |
LOGI-b4e98c26c1ba | base | false | base | The Ministry of Urban Development has launched a Smart National Common Mobility Card (NCMC) model to enable seamless travel by different metros and other transportation systems across the country besides being used for shopping as well. | People travelling across the country can save time and money | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "A" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 57.97 | {"gold_score": 57.97, "coherence_depth": 0.17, "cognitive_entropy": 0.36, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 31, "logic_density": 2.52, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.6, "thinking_length": 3254, "reasoning_segments": 196, "is_high_q... | |||
LOGI-b02150ff390e | combinatorial | true | Medium | Pointing to a man, a woman says, 'His mother is the only daughter of my father's only son.'
How is the woman related to the man?
I. Sister
II. Aunt
III. Mother
IV. Daughter | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u4ec5 I", "B. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb", "C. III \u4e3a\u771f", "D. IV \u6216 I", "E. \u4ec5 III"] | ["C", "E"] | III | deductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 2, "operators": ["EXACT"], "tier": "Medium"} | Medium | 168.07 | LOGI-b02150ff390e | {"gold_score": 168.07, "coherence_depth": 0.22, "cognitive_entropy": 0.36, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 102, "logic_density": 3.32, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.7, "thinking_length": 9854, "reasoning_segments": 702, "is_hi... |
LOGI-930d06246e38 | base | false | base | In a certain code language, codes are decided based on rules: 1) Consonants before 'N' are coded as 0-9 (C=1, D=2...), 2) Consonants after 'N' are coded as 0-9 (Q=1, R=2...), 3) 'N' is coded as 1, with additional conditions I-V about vowel coding and special cases. | What is the code for 'Parenting'? | ["A. 0^2$14@14", "B. 1#3#25#25", "C. 1^3$25@25", "D. 0#2#14#14", "E. None of these"] | "B" | inductive | coding and decoding | {} | 101.24 | {"gold_score": 101.24, "coherence_depth": 0.11, "cognitive_entropy": 0.0, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 62, "logic_density": 1.58, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 10869, "reasoning_segments": 958, "is_hig... | |||
LOGI-17958d9007ca | combinatorial | true | Hard | 教练在甲、乙、丙三人背上分别贴上了三个数字，三人都能看到对方的数字，但是看不到自己的数字，甲、乙、丙背上的数字分别用A、B、C代替。甲说B大于C;乙说A小于C;丙说A小于B;教练说他们之中最多有一个人说了假话。假如教练说的是假话，则甲、乙、丙数字大小的顺序可能是：
I. A>B>C
II. C>B>A
III. B>C>A
IV. B>A>C | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. II \u6216 III", "B. I \u4e3a\u771f", "C. \u975e III", "D. III \u6216 II", "E. \u4ec5 II"] | ["B", "C"] | I | deductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 2, "operators": ["NOT"], "tier": "Hard"} | Hard | 51.95 | LOGI-17958d9007ca | {"gold_score": 51.95, "coherence_depth": 0.23, "cognitive_entropy": 0.06, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 2, "pivot_count": 30, "logic_density": 3.52, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 1.4, "thinking_length": 4496, "reasoning_segments": 353, "is_high_... |
LOGI-83a36e1462da | base | false | base | Nobody knows what life forms may exist outside our own planet. The search for extra-terrestrial life in the universe took a step nearer to fruition with the discovery in June of what are believed to be traces of water on the surface of Mars. Life on our planet requires water and its presence on Mars may point towards t... | The Phoenix Mars Lander has provided proof that life once existed on Mars. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | abductive | textual entailment | {} | 55.93 | {"gold_score": 55.93, "coherence_depth": 0.16, "cognitive_entropy": 0.24, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 2, "pivot_count": 32, "logic_density": 2.41, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.8, "thinking_length": 2954, "reasoning_segments": 137, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-018ca202d2f9 | base | false | base | Nowhere is the influence of sex more plainly manifested than in the formulation of religious conceptions and creeds. With the rise of male power and dominion, and the corresponding repression of the natural female instincts, the principles that originally constituted the God-idea gradually gave place to a Deity better ... | The author is religious. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | abductive | textual entailment | {} | 56.58 | {"gold_score": 56.58, "coherence_depth": 0.12, "cognitive_entropy": 0.54, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 5, "pivot_count": 26, "logic_density": 1.84, "dim_awareness": 3.0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.8, "thinking_length": 5091, "reasoning_segments": 245, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-e998e2853734 | combinatorial | true | Medium | 某集团有着严格的人才（管理者和技术专家）任用、聘用规范体系。所有中层干部都必须有管理专业学位且在集团工作超过5年，每个技术专家都必须有研究生学历且有高级职称。实际上，如果在集团工作超过5年但没有研究生学历，或者有高级职称而没有管理专业学位，则他们都不能成为中层干部。
根据以上信息，可以推出：
I. 没有研究生学历的人都不是中层干部
II. 没有管理专业学位的人都不是技术专家
III. 有高级职称的技术专家都具有管理专业学位
IV. 在集团工作不超过5年的人都没有研究生学历 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb", "B. \u4ec5 IV", "C. II \u6216 III", "D. I \u6216 II", "E. I \u6216 III"] | ["D", "E"] | I | deductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 2, "operators": ["OR"], "tier": "Medium"} | Medium | 39.92 | LOGI-e998e2853734 | {"gold_score": 39.92, "coherence_depth": 0.22, "cognitive_entropy": 0.06, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 19, "logic_density": 3.3, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.5, "thinking_length": 3172, "reasoning_segments": 263, "is_high_qu... |
LOGI-b110a6bdc8d2 | base | false | base | On the first day of trout season a team of biologists went with local trout anglers to the Macawber River. Each angler who caught at least 2 trout chose exactly 2 of these trout for the biologists to weigh. A total of 90 fish were weighed. The measurements show that at the beginning of this season the average trout in ... | The reasoning above is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it | ["A. makes a generalization from a sample that is unlikely to be representative", "B. relies on evidence that is anecdotal rather than scientific", "C. ignores the variations in weight that are likely to occur over the whole season", "D. fails to take into account measurements from the same time in previous seasons", "... | "A" | abductive | argument analysis | {} | 72.25 | {"gold_score": 72.25, "coherence_depth": 0.15, "cognitive_entropy": 0.12, "abductive_strength": 0.6, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 40, "logic_density": 2.3, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 5499, "reasoning_segments": 323, "is_high_qu... | |||
LOGI-77ea8a2d99f4 | base | false | base | The number of very young children with diabetes has risen dramatically in the past 20 years. The number of children under 5 who have the type 1 form of the condition has increased fivefold. This dramatic increase is either the symptom of a marked improvement in diagnosis, or because more genetically suscep- tible child... | A plausible explanation of the increase could be that the principal age at which the condition is diagnosed has become lower. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "A" | abductive | textual entailment | {} | 64.28 | {"gold_score": 64.28, "coherence_depth": 0.16, "cognitive_entropy": 0.84, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 35, "logic_density": 2.39, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 4217, "reasoning_segments": 214, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-78a21f4f7d9f | base | false | base | From outer space the world looks blue because of the extent that oceans cover its surface and of all the oceans the greatest is the Pacific. It stretches from the Arctic to the Antarctic, more than halfway around the globe and is twice the size of the next biggest ocean, the Atlantic. It harbours trenches 11,000m deep,... | It can be inferred from the passage that there are five oceans of which the Pacific is the largest. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 48.97 | {"gold_score": 48.97, "coherence_depth": 0.12, "cognitive_entropy": 1.0, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 27, "logic_density": 1.76, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.8, "thinking_length": 7546, "reasoning_segments": 415, "is_high_q... | |||
LOGI-f73f0daa1e94 | base | false | base | Additional side dish rules for Evan's orders: cole slaw, hash browns, onion rings, potato salad, french fries, lettuce salad. Rules: Soup didn't order fries/hash browns/onion rings/lettuce; Onion rings at chair 6; Potato salad between cole slaw and hash browns; Vegetable burger ordered lettuce; Hash browns with fried e... | With which entrée does the potato salad belong? | ["A. soup", "B. hamburger", "C. cheeseburger", "D. fried eggs", "E. ham sandwich"] | "A" | deductive | argument analysis | {} | 91.68 | {"gold_score": 91.68, "coherence_depth": 0.09, "cognitive_entropy": 0.12, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 2, "pivot_count": 56, "logic_density": 1.39, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 16131, "reasoning_segments": 898, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-5949e3768721 | base | false | base | Scientist: My research indicates that children who engage in impulsive behavior similar to adult thrill-seeking behavior are twice as likely as other children to have a gene variant that increases sensitivity to dopamine. From this, I conclude that there is a causal relationship between this gene variant and an inclina... | Which one of the following, if true, most calls into question the scientist's argument? | ["A. Many impulsive adults are not unusually sensitive to dopamine.", "B. It is not possible to reliably distinguish impulsive behavior from other behavior.", "C. Children are often described by adults as engaging in thrill-seeking behavior simply because they act impulsively.", "D. Many people exhibit behavioral tende... | "B" | abductive | argument analysis | {} | 136.84 | {"gold_score": 136.84, "coherence_depth": 0.18, "cognitive_entropy": 0.12, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 80, "logic_density": 2.72, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 4873, "reasoning_segments": 295, "is_hi... | |||
LOGI-2d362480b9bc | combinatorial | true | Medium | 地砖：方砖：长条砖
I. 菜肴：荤菜：白菜
II. 零食：素食：热食
III. 青茄：紫茄：番茄
IV. 木船：客船：货船 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. I \u6216 II", "B. \u4ec5 III", "C. \u53ea\u6709 IV", "D. \u4ec5 II", "E. III \u6216 I"] | ["C"] | IV | analogical | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 1, "operators": [], "tier": "Medium"} | Medium | 69.47 | LOGI-2d362480b9bc | {"gold_score": 69.47, "coherence_depth": 0.06, "cognitive_entropy": 0.06, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 42, "logic_density": 0.91, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.3, "thinking_length": 5903, "reasoning_segments": 540, "is_high_... |
LOGI-a9f64dacfbc9 | base | false | base | Time and temperature。Food poisoning is still prevalent in the UK, with more than 90,000 reported cases in 2007, though unreported cases could be as much as 10 times higher, because most people with mild symptoms fail to report the incident. Millions of bacteria are needed to produce food poisoning. Under favourable con... | The ingestion of a small number of Campylobacter cells could make you ill. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "A" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 85.8 | {"gold_score": 85.8, "coherence_depth": 0.2, "cognitive_entropy": 1.0, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 52, "logic_density": 2.93, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.75, "fallacy_risk": 3.0, "thinking_length": 7588, "reasoning_segments": 376, "is_high_qua... | |||
LOGI-96119b04b466 | combinatorial | true | Medium | 科学家在金星大气层中探测到了磷化氢的踪迹，浓度极高，是地球大气层中磷化氢浓度的1000倍至100万倍。在地球上，磷化氢仅见于工业生产领域或由厌氧微生物所产生。对于金星上磷化氢的来源，研究团队进行了大量分析，推断是否来自光照、闪电、火山或者从金星表面向上吹至大气层中的矿物质等，但根据已有知识的计算结果均不支持这些来源。研究人员因此表示有磷化氢意味着没有充足的氧气存在，但有可能证明是存在厌氧生物的，故而金星大气层中的磷化氢有可能是某种生物留下的印记。
以下哪项如果为真，最能削弱上述研究人员的观点：
I. 金星大气中含有大量二氧化碳以及浓硫酸云层，温室效应非常严重
II. 科学家们发现了'不需要呼吸'的动物，比较符合金星的大气条件
III... | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u4ec5 III", "B. \u4ec5 IV", "C. I \u6216 II", "D. II \u6216 I", "E. IV \u6216 I"] | ["A"] | III | abductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 1, "operators": ["EXACT"], "tier": "Medium"} | Medium | 45.5 | LOGI-96119b04b466 | {"gold_score": 45.5, "coherence_depth": 0.19, "cognitive_entropy": 0.0, "abductive_strength": 0.6, "dialectic_quality": 0.33, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 19, "logic_density": 2.79, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 1297, "reasoning_segments": 83, "is_high_q... |
LOGI-0ebbc98c9f3a | base | false | base | Horticulturalists must take into account many factors when planning the reproduction of plants. Propagation by seed is the most common method employed as it is relatively easy and has a good expected rate of germination, although this can drop if the seed has been packaged for more than a year. Many seeds can remain vi... | Reproducing plants by seed is the most common activity for gardeners. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 38.32 | {"gold_score": 38.32, "coherence_depth": 0.14, "cognitive_entropy": 0.36, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 19, "logic_density": 2.07, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 3166, "reasoning_segments": 148, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-f1297706fae9 | base | false | base | In a certain code 'MISSIONS' is written as 'MSIISNOS'. How is 'ONLINE' written in that code? | ["A. OLNNIE", "B. ONILEN", "C. NOILEN", "D. LNOENI", "E. ONNLIE"] | "E" | inductive | coding and decoding | {} | 48.33 | {"gold_score": 48.33, "coherence_depth": 0.03, "cognitive_entropy": 0.0, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 28, "logic_density": 0.5, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 3896, "reasoning_segments": 277, "is_high_qu... |
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