id stringlengths 17 17 | subset stringclasses 2
values | is_combinatorial bool 2
classes | hardness_tier stringclasses 5
values | context stringlengths 0 4.02k | question stringlengths 1 845 | options stringlengths 26 1.73k | answer stringclasses 53
values | true_statement stringclasses 5
values | reasoning_type stringclasses 4
values | task_format stringclasses 9
values | tier_config stringclasses 22
values | tier stringclasses 5
values | gold_score float64 37.9 790 | original_id stringlengths 0 17 | full_metrics stringlengths 331 343 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LOGI-2a2bf56e1bcd | base | false | base | Statement : The Maharashtra government has announced that the sale of gutkha will be declared as a non-bailable offence. The ban will be applicable on all types of tobacoolaced chewing products. | People will pay higher charges for gutkha. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 42.25 | {"gold_score": 42.25, "coherence_depth": 0.2, "cognitive_entropy": 0.06, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 19, "logic_density": 3.05, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 1476, "reasoning_segments": 84, "is_high_qu... | |||
LOGI-4429381e48ae | base | false | base | As an institution the British public house, usually called a pub, has a very long tradition of selling alcoholic drinks, in particular beer, which people consume on the premises. In recent years, however, profits of British pubs have fallen by 20 per cent and many have reported a further worsening of their financial st... | The smoking ban has encouraged traditional pub customers to drink and smokeless. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | abductive | textual entailment | {} | 188.98 | {"gold_score": 188.98, "coherence_depth": 0.16, "cognitive_entropy": 0.6, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 113, "logic_density": 2.38, "dim_awareness": 3.0, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.4, "thinking_length": 11353, "reasoning_segments": 666, "is_hi... | |||
LOGI-157be3f0f929 | base | false | base | For most of the last two decades of the previous century the economy of the city of Liverpool was mostly stagnant and far behind that of the rest of the UK. But as other cities have become more expensive, Liverpool has become a more popular place in which to invest and live. Liverpools population dropped from 800,000 a... | During the 1990s the economy of the region fell far behind that of the rest of the UK. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 106.07 | {"gold_score": 106.07, "coherence_depth": 0.15, "cognitive_entropy": 1.0, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 64, "logic_density": 2.18, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.5, "thinking_length": 13402, "reasoning_segments": 532, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-71c5cf137d98 | base | false | base | On 15 August at 23.30, a fire broke out in the kitchen of the Red Lion public house in Merton. The fire spread rapidly and the building was completely gutted. The fire service was called at 23.45 and arrived at 23.55. The fire was brought under control at 02.30 on 16 August. It is also known that: The landlord, Jack Da... | Jack Dawkins may have started the fire himself. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "A" | deductive | situational judgement | {} | 94.14 | {"gold_score": 94.14, "coherence_depth": 0.25, "cognitive_entropy": 0.18, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 51, "logic_density": 3.71, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.5, "thinking_length": 3455, "reasoning_segments": 191, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-55bc970113b9 | base | false | base | Without exception, living non-human primates habitually more around on all fours, or quadrupedally, when they are on the ground. Scientists generally assume therefore that the last common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees (our closest living relative) was also a quadrupted. Exactly when the last common ancestor lived ... | Australopithecus is as closely related to ancient man as to the chimpanzee. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 39.38 | {"gold_score": 39.38, "coherence_depth": 0.07, "cognitive_entropy": 0.06, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 21, "logic_density": 1.03, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 4073, "reasoning_segments": 189, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-3b6f6fc4d092 | combinatorial | true | Easy | 研究表明汽车尾气中的一氧化碳能使植物蛋白成为过敏源。因此有人认为近年来城市过敏性疾病发病率升高是由于汽车保有量增加所致。
最能质疑该结论的是：
I. 遗传等内在因素也是过敏原因
II. 过敏源可通过多种途径进入人体
III. 医疗水平提高使更多过敏现象被认定为疾病
IV. 氮氧化物浓度可通过提高油品质量控制 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u4ec5 II", "B. \u4ec5 III", "C. \u4ec5 IV", "D. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb"] | ["B"] | III | abductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 4, "n_correct": 1, "operators": ["EXACT"], "tier": "Easy"} | Easy | 64.58 | LOGI-3b6f6fc4d092 | {"gold_score": 64.58, "coherence_depth": 0.11, "cognitive_entropy": 0.12, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 35, "logic_density": 1.68, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 1809, "reasoning_segments": 113, "is_hig... |
LOGI-1feda4db37d5 | base | false | base | The number of applications for admission reported by North American Ph.D. programs in art history has declined in each of the last four years. We can conclude from this that interest among recent North American college and university graduates in choosing art history as a career has declined in the last four years. | Each of the following, if true, weakens the argument EXCEPT: | ["A. The number of North American Ph.D. programs in art history that opted to report data about applications for admission has declined in each of the last four years.", "B. The average age of applicants for admission to North American Ph.D. programs in art history has increased in each of the last four years.", "C. Th... | "B" | abductive | argument analysis | {} | 109.07 | {"gold_score": 109.07, "coherence_depth": 0.22, "cognitive_entropy": 0.28, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 61, "logic_density": 3.37, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 5234, "reasoning_segments": 344, "is_hi... | |||
LOGI-d5ac7684d1f6 | base | false | base |
Element 7 2 A D 6 8 O 3 J I V 5 E 4 P 9
Code $ @ < X } / & * > Y % # Z ! ? Q
Condition 1:
If first element is a vowel and last element is a number then the codes are to be interchanged.
Condition 2:
If first element is a consonant and last element is a vowel then both of them are to be coded as middle element.
C... | What would be the code of '9D8O3J4'? | ["A. !>*&/XQ", "B. XQ!>*&/", "C. !>*&QX/", "D. XQ!>&*/", "E. None of these"] | "A" | inductive | coding and decoding | {} | 56.79 | {"gold_score": 56.79, "coherence_depth": 0.15, "cognitive_entropy": 0.12, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 2, "pivot_count": 33, "logic_density": 2.32, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 1.2, "thinking_length": 7329, "reasoning_segments": 529, "is_high_q... | |||
LOGI-0accf3c924b5 | combinatorial | true | Hard | 某市城市规划设计院的一项调查显示，该市中心城区范围内的全部自行车道，56%被机动车停车占用，75%有效宽度不足。为了使自行车能够重新在当地中心城区范围内正常行驶，有人建议应当重新规划并加宽自行车道。
以下最无法质疑上述建议的是：
I. 该市机动车停车难问题越来越严重
II. 市民未能形成良好的停车习惯
III. 对占用自行车道的机动车处罚不够
IV. 道路交通规划是一个长期的过程 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u975e I", "B. \u4ec5 III", "C. \u975e III", "D. I \u6216 II", "E. II \u6216 I"] | ["A", "C"] | IV | abductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 2, "operators": ["NOT"], "tier": "Hard"} | Hard | 114.47 | LOGI-0accf3c924b5 | {"gold_score": 114.47, "coherence_depth": 0.15, "cognitive_entropy": 0.0, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 65, "logic_density": 2.32, "dim_awareness": 3.0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.5, "thinking_length": 1431, "reasoning_segments": 83, "is_high... |
LOGI-0442367213bd | base | false | base | Experts warn that the growing number of dementia cases may become the social problem of this century. The World Alzheimer Report predicts that the burden placed on social resources by cases of dementia will continue to grow as the number of cases escalates. A reason behind the growing number of people suffering from de... | Wealthy European countries are more likely to employ healthcare workers | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "A" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 39.41 | {"gold_score": 39.41, "coherence_depth": 0.11, "cognitive_entropy": 0.12, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 21, "logic_density": 1.63, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.5, "thinking_length": 2686, "reasoning_segments": 112, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-f9dfaf7fa0c4 | base | false | base | All chairs are tables. All tables are bottles. Some bottles are jars. No jar is bucket. | Some tables being jar is a possibility. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "A" | deductive | syllogism | {} | 116.79 | {"gold_score": 116.79, "coherence_depth": 0.28, "cognitive_entropy": 0.24, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 65, "logic_density": 4.25, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 4920, "reasoning_segments": 401, "is_hig... | |||
LOGI-f6821cf09e6b | base | false | base | Ecologist: Without the intervention of conservationists, squirrel monkeys will become extinct. But they will survive if large tracts of second-growth forest habitat are preserved for them. Squirrel monkeys flourish in second-growth forest because of the plentiful supply of their favorite insects and fruit. | Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the ecologist's statements? | ["A. No habitat other than second-growth forest contains plentiful supplies of squirrel monkeys' favorite insects and fruit.", "B. At least some of the conservationists who intervene to help the squirrel monkeys survive will do so by preserving second-growth forest habitat for the monkeys.", "C. Without plentiful suppl... | "E" | deductive | argument analysis | {} | 79.46 | {"gold_score": 79.46, "coherence_depth": 0.13, "cognitive_entropy": 1.0, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 40, "logic_density": 1.88, "dim_awareness": 3.0, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 10550, "reasoning_segments": 560, "is_hig... | |||
LOGI-c2de399e6be9 | combinatorial | true | Medium | 某媒体记者表示：由于女性往往缺少开车技巧，所以应给予女性驾驶执照附加限制。尽管女性司机只占注册司机的30%，但是他们却是超过40%的交通死亡事故的肇事者。
下面每一项，如果正确都能削弱女性缺乏基本的开车技巧的论述，除了:
I. 与其他人开的车相比，女性一般开的车较旧，而且稳定性也差
II. 女性司机平均每年开车的距离超过其他司机的两倍
III. 女性司机引起的交通事故比其他人引起的交通事故严重
IV. 女性开车时的乘客人数很有可能比一般的司机多 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. II \u6216 I", "B. III \u6216 II", "C. \u4ec5 I", "D. \u53ea\u6709 III", "E. \u4ec5 II"] | ["B", "D"] | III | abductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 2, "operators": ["OR"], "tier": "Medium"} | Medium | 56.89 | LOGI-c2de399e6be9 | {"gold_score": 56.89, "coherence_depth": 0.28, "cognitive_entropy": 0.06, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 27, "logic_density": 4.16, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.7, "thinking_length": 2148, "reasoning_segments": 113, "is_high... |
LOGI-ec2c7b5d1a9b | base | false | base | The vast majority of citizens believe that the official statistics produced by governments are subject to political interference. They accuse opposition parties and pressure groups of the same interference and all three of using figures in wildly misleading ways to support their particular take on policy. The only diff... | Public trust in governments, opposition parties, pressure groups and the media is at an all time low. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 39.66 | {"gold_score": 39.66, "coherence_depth": 0.11, "cognitive_entropy": 0.3, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 20, "logic_density": 1.65, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 3359, "reasoning_segments": 167, "is_high_qu... | |||
LOGI-1da058c482fe | base | false | base | In a certain code language, all the consonants of English alphabet series are coded from 1 to 6 such that B is coded as 1, C as 2 and so on till H is coded as 6, thereafter the codes get repeated i.e. J is coded as 1, K as 2 and so on. The codes for vowels start with the code of Y. If Y is coded as 1, then A's code wil... | ["A. DEATH", "B. EARTH", "C. ALIVE", "D. FRESH", "E. None of these"] | "B" | inductive | coding and decoding | {} | 142.44 | {"gold_score": 142.44, "coherence_depth": 0.09, "cognitive_entropy": 0.3, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 89, "logic_density": 1.29, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 12935, "reasoning_segments": 870, "is_high_... | ||||
LOGI-516ee4c51ccf | base | false | base | Merchandising tactics, which address the effective packaging and positioning of goods, have long been deployed within retailing to stimulate customer demand. Unprecedented changes in consumer buying habits and the escalating sophistication of technology have encouraged the beverage retailers to make up lost ground and ... | The shelves near checkouts are often positioned at eye level. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 43.76 | {"gold_score": 43.76, "coherence_depth": 0.12, "cognitive_entropy": 0.66, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 22, "logic_density": 1.86, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 4448, "reasoning_segments": 234, "is_high_q... | |||
LOGI-5176aaae1c24 | combinatorial | true | Medium | 赵青一定是一位杰出的执教人员（结论）。因为她调到我们大学执教女排才一年，球队的成绩突飞猛进（论据）。
以下哪项，如果为真，最有可能削弱上述论证：
I. 赵青以前曾经入选过国家青年女排，后来因为伤病提前退役。
II. 赵青之前的教练一直是男性，对于女运动员的运动生理和心理了解不够。
III. 调到大学担任女教排练之后，赵青在学校领导那里立下了军令状，一定要拿全国大学生联赛的冠军，结果只得了一个铜牌。
IV. 女排队员尽管是学生，但是对于赵青教练的指导都非常佩服，并自觉地加强训练。 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u4ec5 IV", "B. II \u6216 III", "C. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb", "D. IV \u6216 I", "E. \u4ec5 I"] | ["B"] | II | abductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 1, "operators": ["OR"], "tier": "Medium"} | Medium | 79.12 | LOGI-5176aaae1c24 | {"gold_score": 79.12, "coherence_depth": 0.27, "cognitive_entropy": 0.12, "abductive_strength": 1.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 40, "logic_density": 3.99, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.5, "thinking_length": 2945, "reasoning_segments": 199, "is_high... |
LOGI-06d9e2898e7d | base | false | base | In a certain code language, 'speak nicely to all' is coded as 'ka cu ma he', 'all are like us' is coded as 'si fo he to', 'teach us lesson nicely' is coded as 'po ma fo re', 'lesson like all humans' is coded as 'he re gu si'. | ["A. fo", "B. re", "C. ma", "D. he", "E. si"] | "B" | inductive | coding and decoding | {} | 103.6 | {"gold_score": 103.6, "coherence_depth": 0.11, "cognitive_entropy": 0.1, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 64, "logic_density": 1.7, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.8, "thinking_length": 15848, "reasoning_segments": 960, "is_high_... | ||||
LOGI-724689509295 | base | false | base | Which is the odd one out? | ["A. Pewter", "B. Brass", "C. Bronze", "D. Tin", "E. Silver"] | "E" | analogical | odd one out | {} | 126.33 | {"gold_score": 126.33, "coherence_depth": 0.07, "cognitive_entropy": 0.72, "abductive_strength": 0.9, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 76, "logic_density": 1.11, "dim_awareness": 3.0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 2.6, "thinking_length": 12187, "reasoning_segments": 783, "is_hi... | ||||
LOGI-955da5e3ab1a | base | false | base | Hydrogen-fuelled cars are not reliant upon petrol or diesel, which potentially makes them safer. Hydrogen fuel can be produced from renewable sources, such as wind or solar power, and does not have the ordinary cars dependency on burning fossil fuels. Since cars account for roughly a third of greenhouse gas emissions, ... | Hydrogen is universally available and is not a greenhouse gas. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 61.15 | {"gold_score": 61.15, "coherence_depth": 0.1, "cognitive_entropy": 1.0, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 32, "logic_density": 1.47, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 8921, "reasoning_segments": 398, "is_high_q... | |||
LOGI-19580810bcf6 | base | false | base | The economy is doing badly. First, the real estate slump has been with us for some time. Second, car sales are at their lowest in years. Of course, had either one or the other phenomenon failed to occur, this would be consistent with the economy as a whole being healthy. But, their occurrence together makes it quite pr... | Which one of the following inferences is most strongly supported by the information above? | ["A. If car sales are at their lowest in years, then it is likely that the economy is doing badly.", "B. If the economy is doing badly, then either the real estate market or the car sales market is not healthy.", "C. If the real estate market is healthy, then it is likely that the economy as a whole is healthy.", "D. I... | "D" | deductive | argument analysis | {} | 129.66 | {"gold_score": 129.66, "coherence_depth": 0.22, "cognitive_entropy": 0.12, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 73, "logic_density": 3.26, "dim_awareness": 3.0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 7478, "reasoning_segments": 323, "is_hig... | |||
LOGI-066d7acf81ba | combinatorial | true | Easy | 有研宄报告说与心跳速度每分钟低于58次的人相比，心跳速度每分钟超过78次者心脏病发作或者发生其他心血管问题的机率高出39%，死于这类疾病的风险高出77%，其整体死亡率高出65%，研究人员指出，长期心跳过快导致了心血管疾病。
以下哪项最能质疑该观点：
I. 兔子心跳快但患心血管疾病
II. 老年人长期心跳过快的超过39%
III. 心血管疾病导致心跳过快
IV. 年轻人心跳较快 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u4ec5 IV", "B. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb", "C. \u4ec5 I", "D. \u53ea\u6709 III"] | ["D"] | III | abductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 4, "n_correct": 1, "operators": [], "tier": "Easy"} | Easy | 79.32 | LOGI-066d7acf81ba | {"gold_score": 79.32, "coherence_depth": 0.12, "cognitive_entropy": 0.12, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 2, "pivot_count": 48, "logic_density": 1.84, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 2104, "reasoning_segments": 124, "is_high_q... |
LOGI-d5f87e154de4 | base | false | base | Construction companies have to deal with a mountain of energy efficiency legislation as governments try to move to a low-carbon future. Buildings account for 45% of all UK greenhouse gas emissions such as carbon dioxide and methane, so the drive for new energy efficient building stock is understandable. However it is i... | Energy efficiency legislation for new construction is more onerous than for existing buildings. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 71.58 | {"gold_score": 71.58, "coherence_depth": 0.12, "cognitive_entropy": 0.94, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 42, "logic_density": 1.73, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.7, "thinking_length": 8705, "reasoning_segments": 403, "is_high_q... | |||
LOGI-c227f9e4ebda | base | false | base | Fred Knott, a Post Office worker for 30 years, helped to rescue an elderly man from his car, which was hanging over the edge of a cliff on the south coast. According to a statement issued by the local Fire and Rescue Service, it was only a tree growing at the side of a lay-by that prevented 69-year-old Mr Ronald Onions... | If Fred Knox had not arrived at the scene when he did, Mr Onions would have plunged down the cliff to the sea along with his car. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | deductive | situational judgement | {} | 65.32 | {"gold_score": 65.32, "coherence_depth": 0.17, "cognitive_entropy": 0.84, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 38, "logic_density": 2.53, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 1.4, "thinking_length": 5071, "reasoning_segments": 305, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-673d83581015 | combinatorial | true | Medium | If desk='chair', chair='blackboard', blackboard='duster', duster='chalk', where do you sit?
I. Blackboard
II. Chair
III. Desk
IV. Duster | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. I \u6216 III", "B. \u4ec5 II", "C. \u4ec5 IV", "D. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb", "E. \u4ec5 I"] | ["A", "E"] | I | inductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 2, "operators": ["EXACT", "OR"], "tier": "Medium"} | Medium | 53.41 | LOGI-673d83581015 | {"gold_score": 53.41, "coherence_depth": 0.12, "cognitive_entropy": 1.0, "abductive_strength": 0.6, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 26, "logic_density": 1.73, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.6, "thinking_length": 7866, "reasoning_segments": 472, "is_high_... |
LOGI-6b4d841d3f54 | base | false | base | Performance enhancing drugs have generated controversy in professional sports for decades as demand for optimum performance ever rises. A new method of performance enhancement has been identified as a possible future problem, a process known as gene doping. As genetic research advances, it is possible that rogue athlet... | Gene doping may become a problem in the future may become a problem in the future | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "A" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 59.58 | {"gold_score": 59.58, "coherence_depth": 0.16, "cognitive_entropy": 0.06, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 33, "logic_density": 2.38, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 2716, "reasoning_segments": 110, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-bdb620aaa7e8 | base | false | base | The cost of stamp duty for the average house purchase has more than doubled since 1997. In some towns the bills have risen by more than 10,000. Four successive rises in the tax on house purchases and the introduction of incremental bands, with the highest a 4% band for homes valued over 500,000, have sharply increased ... | A house sold for half a million pounds incurs a 20,000 stamp duty bill. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 66.68 | {"gold_score": 66.68, "coherence_depth": 0.15, "cognitive_entropy": 0.48, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 37, "logic_density": 2.3, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 4327, "reasoning_segments": 171, "is_high_qu... | |||
LOGI-4230200710e3 | base | false | base | There is no unifying theory to explain the experience of dreaming. Dreaming involves an altered state of consciousness that occurs during periods of REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. One of the most unusual features of this state is that most of the body's muscles are paralysed. The most common sleeping pattern is for a ... | The scanning hypothesis states that the direction of a lucid dreamers eye movements reveals what the dream is about. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 73.18 | {"gold_score": 73.18, "coherence_depth": 0.08, "cognitive_entropy": 1.0, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 35, "logic_density": 1.24, "dim_awareness": 4.5, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.4, "thinking_length": 11392, "reasoning_segments": 555, "is_hig... | |||
LOGI-11f32dd167d0 | base | false | base | Cotton acreage in India during the current year has fallen by 15% as cotton growers have moved on to cultivation of other cash crops. This is the result of the cotton glut in world markets in postSeptember 2008 and the consequent slowdown in the world economy. But this scenario brought with it benefits to one segment o... | The cotton industry grew tremendously post-September 2008. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 50.34 | {"gold_score": 50.34, "coherence_depth": 0.09, "cognitive_entropy": 0.3, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 23, "logic_density": 1.36, "dim_awareness": 3.0, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.5, "thinking_length": 3311, "reasoning_segments": 181, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-138c7d8139ec | combinatorial | true | Medium | 小张、小李、小薛三名研究生在选择导师时有如下标准：
小张：只要他是正教授，我就报考他的研究生
小李：只有正教授才可以当我的研究生导师
小薛：只要他有真才实学，我就报考他的研究生
如果有一位有真才实学的副教授正招收研究生，不可能做他学生的是：
I. 小张
II. 小李
III. 小薛
IV. 小张和小李 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. II \u4e3a\u771f", "B. \u4ec5 IV", "C. IV \u6216 I", "D. I \u6216 III", "E. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb"] | ["A"] | II | deductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 1, "operators": [], "tier": "Medium"} | Medium | 58.31 | LOGI-138c7d8139ec | {"gold_score": 58.31, "coherence_depth": 0.31, "cognitive_entropy": 0.06, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 25, "logic_density": 4.7, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.75, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 1740, "reasoning_segments": 128, "is_hig... |
LOGI-9c37acf1f878 | base | false | base | Company president: Our consultants report that, in general, the most efficient managers have excellent time management skills. Thus, to improve productivity I recommend that we make available to our middle-level managers a seminar to train them in techniques of time management. | Each of the following, if true, would weaken the support for the company president's recommendation EXCEPT: | ["A. The consultants use the same criteria to evaluate managers' efficiency as they do to evaluate their time management skills.", "B. Successful time management is more dependent on motivation than on good technique.", "C. Most managers at other companies who have attended time management seminars are still unproducti... | "D" | abductive | argument analysis | {} | 53.54 | {"gold_score": 53.54, "coherence_depth": 0.12, "cognitive_entropy": 0.06, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 28, "logic_density": 1.82, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.5, "thinking_length": 3339, "reasoning_segments": 198, "is_hig... | |||
LOGI-d515d6c4effc | combinatorial | true | Hard | 6人争夺冠军，三人预测：张明（甲或乙）、王刚（丙或丁）、李伟（非丙非戊非己）。仅一人预测正确。
冠军是：
I. 甲
II. 乙
III. 丙
IV. 丁 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u975e II", "B. III \u6216 I", "C. IV \u6216 I", "D. II \u6216 I", "E. \u53ea\u6709 III"] | ["A", "B", "E"] | III | deductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 3, "operators": ["NOT", "OR"], "tier": "Hard"} | Hard | 55.84 | LOGI-d515d6c4effc | {"gold_score": 55.84, "coherence_depth": 0.12, "cognitive_entropy": 0.0, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.33, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 32, "logic_density": 1.84, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 2429, "reasoning_segments": 202, "is_high_q... |
LOGI-2f598946e2b1 | combinatorial | true | Hard | 高一女生进行800米跑步训练，跑步前，蒋、沈、韩三位老师分别对高一女生的跑步成绩进行如下预测：
蒋老师：大家最近都没怎么锻炼，没有人能在3分钟内跑完全程；
沈老师：会有人在3分钟内跑完全程；
韩老师：陶或姜会在3分钟内跑完全程。
跑步结束后，只有一位老师的预测是正确的。
由此可以推出：
I. 没有人在3分钟内跑完全程
II. 所有人都在3分钟内跑完了全程
III. 姜在3分钟内跑完了全程
IV. 陶没有在3分钟内跑完全程 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u975e III", "B. \u4ec5 III", "C. \u4ec5 I", "D. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb", "E. IV \u6216 III"] | ["A", "E"] | IV | deductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 2, "operators": ["NOT", "OR"], "tier": "Hard"} | Hard | 78.25 | LOGI-2f598946e2b1 | {"gold_score": 78.25, "coherence_depth": 0.26, "cognitive_entropy": 0.06, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 44, "logic_density": 3.84, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.6, "thinking_length": 4487, "reasoning_segments": 341, "is_high_q... |
LOGI-eedfd30c4769 | base | false | base | Though ice cream is an excellent source of calcium, dairy farmers report that during the past ten years there has been a sharp decline in ice cream sales. And during the same period, sales of cheddar cheese have nearly doubled. Therefore, more and more people must be choosing to increase their intake of calcium by eati... | The reasoning above is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it | ["A. fails to produce statistical evidence supporting the dairy farmers' claims", "B. fails to consider alternative explanations of the decline in sales of ice cream", "C. relies solely on the testimony of individuals who are likely to be biased", "D. presumes, without providing justification, that ice cream is a bette... | "B" | abductive | argument analysis | {} | 63.35 | {"gold_score": 63.35, "coherence_depth": 0.21, "cognitive_entropy": 0.12, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 34, "logic_density": 3.1, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 2494, "reasoning_segments": 129, "is_high_qu... | |||
LOGI-2f5efe331121 | combinatorial | true | Medium | 哲学家和历史学家桑塔耶纳曾经评论说，那些不了解历史的人必定重复前人的错误。但这种说法并不正确，在一些情况下，心理学家们已经知道了过去的错误，但还是会重复它们。
下列选项中与题干反驳方式最为相似的是：
I. 俗话说'活到老，学到老'。但众所周知，学习得多就知道得多，知道得多就忘记得多，如果学得越多忘得越多，那学习有什么用呢
II. 前辈常教导说，'想要有光明的未来，就得好好读书'。但'三百六十行，行行出状元'，不读书照样可以有光明的未来
III. 俗话说'不入虎穴焉得虎子'。但事实并非如此，等你真的进入虎穴，也可能发现里面空空如也，因为老虎早已被关在笼子里了
IV. '常在河边走，哪能不湿鞋？'我们都应该吸取这个教训，既然要在河边走，... | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u4ec5 I", "B. IV \u6216 I", "C. III \u6216 II", "D. II \u6216 I", "E. \u4ec5 II"] | ["C"] | III | analogical | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 1, "operators": ["OR"], "tier": "Medium"} | Medium | 420.72 | LOGI-2f5efe331121 | {"gold_score": 420.72, "coherence_depth": 0.13, "cognitive_entropy": 0.12, "abductive_strength": 1.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 268, "logic_density": 1.91, "dim_awareness": 3.0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.5, "thinking_length": 10798, "reasoning_segments": 873, "is_h... |
LOGI-a76279c56680 | combinatorial | true | Easy | 王村的所有男人都喜欢钓鱼，有些王村的男人在城里打工，有些喜欢电子游戏的人也在城里打工，喜欢电子游戏的人都不喜欢自驾游，所有喜欢钓鱼的人都喜欢自驾游。
如果以上陈述属实，那么以下各项都可能为真，除了：
I. 王村的所有男人都喜欢自驾游
II. 有些王村的男人喜欢电子游戏
III. 有些在城里打工的人不喜欢钓鱼
IV. 喜欢钓鱼的人都是王村的男人 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u53ea\u6709 II", "B. \u4ec5 IV", "C. \u4ec5 III", "D. \u4ec5 I"] | ["A"] | II | abductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 4, "n_correct": 1, "operators": [], "tier": "Easy"} | Easy | 107.48 | LOGI-a76279c56680 | {"gold_score": 107.48, "coherence_depth": 0.3, "cognitive_entropy": 0.16, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 59, "logic_density": 4.52, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 5056, "reasoning_segments": 456, "is_high... |
LOGI-785be722b319 | base | false | base | Fact 1: Robert has four vehicles. Fact 2: Two of the vehicles are red. Fact 3: One of the vehicles is a minivan. | Robert has three cars. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | deductive | syllogism | {} | 48.87 | {"gold_score": 48.87, "coherence_depth": 0.17, "cognitive_entropy": 0.24, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 25, "logic_density": 2.62, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 2455, "reasoning_segments": 143, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-1b9b5f3fd536 | combinatorial | true | Easy | 一项研究选取80名13岁到25岁出现精神分裂症早期症状的年轻人作为被试对象，随机选取其中的一半人服用鱼油片剂3个月，另一半人都用安慰剂3个月。研究人员对受试者跟踪考察7年后发现，在服用鱼油片剂组中，只有10%的人罹患精神分裂症；而在服用安慰剂组中，罹患这种疾病的人则高达40%。由此，研究人员得出结论：服用鱼油片剂有助于青少年预防精神分裂症。
以下各项如果为真，则除了哪项均能质疑上述研究人员的结论：
I. 被试对象的数量仍然偏少，且每个被试者在7年中的发展差异较大
II. 被试对象的年龄跨度较大，实验开始时有人可能已是青年而非少年
III. 鱼油片剂曾被尝试治疗成年精神分裂症患者，但实验发现没有效果
IV. 被试对象服用鱼油片剂的时间... | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u4ec5 IV", "B. \u4ec5 I", "C. \u4ec5 II", "D. III \u4e3a\u771f"] | ["D"] | III | abductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 4, "n_correct": 1, "operators": [], "tier": "Easy"} | Easy | 239.43 | LOGI-1b9b5f3fd536 | {"gold_score": 239.43, "coherence_depth": 0.19, "cognitive_entropy": 0.24, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 149, "logic_density": 2.82, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 4010, "reasoning_segments": 282, "is_hi... |
LOGI-7fc597637b11 | base | false | base | Some benches are windows. Some windows are walls. Some walls are trains. | Some trains are benches. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | syllogism | {} | 39.44 | {"gold_score": 39.44, "coherence_depth": 0.12, "cognitive_entropy": 0.06, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 2, "pivot_count": 21, "logic_density": 1.81, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.5, "thinking_length": 2386, "reasoning_segments": 161, "is_high_q... | |||
LOGI-592a1b07b25d | combinatorial | true | Medium | 2008年上半年原油期货价格一度上涨到每桶147美元，是2000年同期价格的4.2倍，年均增长20%，而同期世界经济年均增长率在5%左右，世界石油消费需求并没有出现跳跃式的、急剧的增长。这说明原油价格的迅速攀升并不是由于世界石油供求关系的变化引起的，而是国际投机资本在石油期货市场进行疯狂投机的结果。
如果以下各项为真，哪项不能质疑上述推论：
I. 2000年至2008年，各国政府普遍加大了石油的战略储备量
II. 较小的经济增长率总带来较大的石油需求增长率
III. 石油需求变化率和石油价格变化率并不对称
IV. 即便对于国际投机资本本身，投资石油期货也是风险巨大 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. IV \u6216 I", "B. \u4ec5 I", "C. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb", "D. II \u6216 I", "E. \u4ec5 II"] | ["A"] | IV | abductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 1, "operators": ["OR"], "tier": "Medium"} | Medium | 310.43 | LOGI-592a1b07b25d | {"gold_score": 310.43, "coherence_depth": 0.32, "cognitive_entropy": 0.18, "abductive_strength": 0.6, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 193, "logic_density": 4.82, "dim_awareness": 3.0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 1.3, "thinking_length": 5206, "reasoning_segments": 324, "is_h... |
LOGI-1a74a8d06dc2 | base | false | base | From outer space the world looks blue because of the extent that oceans cover its surface and of all the oceans the greatest is the Pacific. It stretches from the Arctic to the Antarctic, more than halfway around the globe and is twice the size of the next biggest ocean, the Atlantic. It harbours trenches 11,000m deep,... | It is possible to travel by ship from the Arctic to the Antarctic without leaving the Pacific ocean. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 42.79 | {"gold_score": 42.79, "coherence_depth": 0.1, "cognitive_entropy": 0.96, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 19, "logic_density": 1.57, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 5740, "reasoning_segments": 269, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-7c5ef978aa24 | combinatorial | true | Medium | 近年来，学术不端甚至学术腐败现象愈演愈烈。有些人剽窃他人研究成果，有些人编造实验数据，有些人私自拿患者做实验，不仅丧失了学者的底线，甚至是连最起码的做人底线都没有了。身为学者的李教授对此感到非常痛心，他认为学术腐败已经到了非惩治不可的地步，但是同样身为学者的妻子说：'我不同意你的观点，我们学院的张教授治学严谨，他从来没有学术不端的行为。'
以下哪项最能反驳李教授妻子的观点：
I. 惩治学术腐败光靠榜样的力量是不够的，更需要法律的约束
II. 张教授也可能存在学术不端行为，只是没有被发现而已
III. 作为一名公共知识分子，张教授要注意自己在公众面前的正面形象
IV. 张教授的情况属于个别案例，并不能反驳带有普遍性的某种规律 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u53ea\u6709 IV", "B. II \u6216 I", "C. III \u6216 I", "D. \u4ec5 III", "E. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb"] | ["A"] | IV | abductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 1, "operators": [], "tier": "Medium"} | Medium | 68.52 | LOGI-7c5ef978aa24 | {"gold_score": 68.52, "coherence_depth": 0.06, "cognitive_entropy": 0.0, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 36, "logic_density": 0.84, "dim_awareness": 3.0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 1624, "reasoning_segments": 115, "is_high... |
LOGI-b05ba170721f | combinatorial | true | Hard | 有些人正是因为吃了太多肉类和海鲜，畅饮了过多啤酒，导致尿酸水平升高，造成尿酸盐在关节和肾脏部位沉积，才使他们患上痛风。因此，患上痛风，对于判断这些患者是否吃了太多肉类和海鲜，畅饮了过多啤酒是一项必不可少的条件。
下列哪项如果为真，最能削弱上述断定：
I. 有些人吃了太多的肉类和海鲜，畅饮了过多的啤酒，经检验的确患有痛风
II. 有些人没有吃太多的肉类和海鲜，畅饮过多的啤酒，但是患有痛风
III. 有些人没有吃太多的肉类和海鲜，畅饮过多的啤酒，也未患有痛风
IV. 有些人吃了太多的肉类和海鲜，畅饮了过多的啤酒，但是并未患有痛风 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u975e I", "B. \u4ec5 I", "C. \u975e III", "D. \u4ec5 II", "E. \u4ec5 III"] | ["A", "C"] | IV | abductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 2, "operators": ["NOT"], "tier": "Hard"} | Hard | 52.97 | LOGI-b05ba170721f | {"gold_score": 52.97, "coherence_depth": 0.13, "cognitive_entropy": 0.42, "abductive_strength": 1.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 22, "logic_density": 1.98, "dim_awareness": 3.0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 3302, "reasoning_segments": 212, "is_high... |
LOGI-700d986d266d | base | false | base | Founded in 1838 as Spring Hill College in Birmingham, Mansfield College was not fully integrated into the University of Oxford until 1995. Today the college, which is home to 210 undergraduates, 130 graduate students and 35 visiting scholars, is Oxford's smallest, except for Harris Manchester, the university's college ... | The Mansfield CollegeChapel is not consecrated. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | abductive | textual entailment | {} | 50.79 | {"gold_score": 50.79, "coherence_depth": 0.09, "cognitive_entropy": 1.0, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 24, "logic_density": 1.42, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.75, "fallacy_risk": 0.5, "thinking_length": 7542, "reasoning_segments": 363, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-a789fa0672f1 | base | false | base | Trainer: Research shows that when dogs are neutered in early puppyhood, their leg bones usually do not develop properly. Improper bone development leads in turn to problems with arthritis as dogs grow older. Thus, if you want to protect your dog from arthritis you should not neuter your dog until it is full-grown. | Of the following, which one is a criticism to which the reasoning in the trainer's argument is most vulnerable? | ["A. It fails to state exactly what percentage of dogs neutered in early puppyhood experience improper bone development", "B. It fails to explain the connection between improper bone development and arthritis", "C. It overlooks the possibility that a new computer model is liable to malfunction for reasons other than a ... | "D" | abductive | argument analysis | {} | 55.19 | {"gold_score": 55.19, "coherence_depth": 0.26, "cognitive_entropy": 0.24, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 25, "logic_density": 3.83, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 1808, "reasoning_segments": 114, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-e7b2a5ff658e | base | false | base | At 3 am on 15 November the body of a young private soldier, Peter Adams, was found 25 kilometres south of Darlington, beside the railway line from Edinburgh to London. He was absent without leave from his army base where he was due to face a disciplinary hearing. A wallet found on his person contained a small sum of mo... | Mike Finnegan left the train at Darlington station in a panic in order to avoid detection for his part in the death of Private Adams. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | deductive | situational judgement | {} | 119.7 | {"gold_score": 119.7, "coherence_depth": 0.14, "cognitive_entropy": 0.06, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 70, "logic_density": 2.07, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 11080, "reasoning_segments": 625, "is_hi... | |||
LOGI-9cb4a3b215f3 | combinatorial | true | Easy | Fact 1: Robert has four vehicles. Fact 2: Two of the vehicles are red. Fact 3: One of the vehicles is a minivan.
If the first three statements are facts, which of the following statements must also be a fact? I. Robert has a red minivan. II. Robert has three cars. III. Robert's favorite color is red.
I. I only
II. II o... | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u4ec5 II", "B. \u4ec5 IV", "C. \u4ec5 III", "D. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb"] | ["B"] | IV | deductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 4, "n_correct": 1, "operators": ["EXACT"], "tier": "Easy"} | Easy | 53.71 | LOGI-9cb4a3b215f3 | {"gold_score": 53.71, "coherence_depth": 0.24, "cognitive_entropy": 0.12, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 25, "logic_density": 3.53, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.3, "thinking_length": 2475, "reasoning_segments": 142, "is_high... |
LOGI-68c97d5ba5cf | combinatorial | true | Hard | 研究人员招募了15位宣称对音乐没有情绪反应的人和15位认为自己对音乐反应更强烈的人。大脑扫描发现，对音乐缺乏反应的人的一个特定大脑区域血流量较另外一组少。研究人员据此推测，缺乏欣赏音乐的能力是因为大脑中负责声音处理的区域和管理情绪的区域之间的联系较少。
以下哪项如果为真，最能驳斥研究者的推测：
I. 音乐种类繁多，自认缺少欣赏能力的人不了解自己喜欢什么音乐
II. 音乐影响情绪和多巴胺功能相关，多巴胺水平由基因决定
III. 自认缺少欣赏能力的人听音乐时注意力容易偏离
IV. 自认缺少欣赏能力的人对音乐没有偏好 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u4ec5 II", "B. \u975e II", "C. \u975e I", "D. \u4ec5 I", "E. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb"] | ["B", "C"] | III | abductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 2, "operators": ["NOT"], "tier": "Hard"} | Hard | 67.6 | LOGI-68c97d5ba5cf | {"gold_score": 67.6, "coherence_depth": 0.18, "cognitive_entropy": 0.36, "abductive_strength": 0.6, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 34, "logic_density": 2.71, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 4369, "reasoning_segments": 254, "is_high_... |
LOGI-b9893e928039 | combinatorial | true | Easy | 张女士特别爱美，多年来喜欢在冬天穿裙子以显示她婀娜多姿的身材。从去年冬天起，每到阴冷天，她都感觉到膝关节疼痛。后经医生诊断，她得了关节炎。于是张女士认为，阴冷天穿得少是导致关节炎的原因。
以下哪项如果为真，最能质疑张女士的观点：
I. 日本一些年轻女士喜欢冬天穿裙子，却并没有因为阴冷天穿得少而患上关节炎
II. 现代医学研究表明导致关节炎的根本原因是劳损、感染或创伤，阴冷天穿得少关节炎易发作
III. 张女士的姐姐和她生活在一个城市，多年来也喜欢在冬天穿裙子，但没得关节炎
IV. 阴冷天穿得多的人群中也有很多得了关节炎，而且以中老年人居多 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u4ec5 II", "B. \u4ec5 IV", "C. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb", "D. \u4ec5 III"] | ["A"] | II | abductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 4, "n_correct": 1, "operators": ["EXACT"], "tier": "Easy"} | Easy | 53.89 | LOGI-b9893e928039 | {"gold_score": 53.89, "coherence_depth": 0.09, "cognitive_entropy": 0.06, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 30, "logic_density": 1.41, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 1746, "reasoning_segments": 102, "is_high_q... |
LOGI-5c4c4576ebc7 | combinatorial | true | Medium | 风险：社会：预防
I. 食品：安全：维护
II. 腐败：官员：惩治
III. 超车：弯道：严禁
IV. 命运：改变：读书 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. II \u4e3a\u771f", "B. I \u6216 III", "C. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb", "D. IV \u6216 I", "E. \u4ec5 III"] | ["A"] | II | analogical | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 1, "operators": [], "tier": "Medium"} | Medium | 53.4 | LOGI-5c4c4576ebc7 | {"gold_score": 53.4, "coherence_depth": 0.07, "cognitive_entropy": 0.18, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 28, "logic_density": 1.05, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 3951, "reasoning_segments": 362, "is_high... |
LOGI-22a1c4470c3f | base | false | base | Unless companies have some knowledge of buyer behaviour, they would be unaware of and unfamiliar with the complex range of behavioural factors that impinge upon purchasing behaviour. The truth is that, like much of human behaviour, purchase behaviour is complex and multi-faceted. Even the simplest of purchasing decisio... | The purchasing behavior of consumers is unpredictable. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 39.65 | {"gold_score": 39.65, "coherence_depth": 0.08, "cognitive_entropy": 0.12, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 18, "logic_density": 1.26, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.5, "thinking_length": 2648, "reasoning_segments": 126, "is_hig... | |||
LOGI-0b6ea60138d5 | base | false | base | Four friends - Ram, Laxman, Bharat and Shatrughan were having a conversation. They were expressing their thoughts in a coded language.
Ram says, "le po ki ba" when he wants to convey that "friends make life live". Laxman says, "te ki mo ba" when he wants to convey that "without friends life impossible". Bharat says, "... | Which of the following is the code for "life without trouble"? | ["A. lo te ba", "B. la le mo", "C. se st po", "D. mo lo ba", "E. Either option A or D"] | "E" | inductive | coding and decoding | {} | 103.48 | {"gold_score": 103.48, "coherence_depth": 0.09, "cognitive_entropy": 0.18, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 62, "logic_density": 1.38, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 21591, "reasoning_segments": 1326, "is_hig... | |||
LOGI-496d7c7caf9e | base | false | base | Despite the fact that some associate musicals with cheesy joy, the genre is not limited to gleeful stories, as can be demonstrated by the macabre musical, Sweeney Todd. The original story of the murderous barber appears in a Victorian penny dreadful, The String of Pearls: A Romance. The penny dreadful material was adap... | Most musicals deal with morbid themes. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 38.69 | {"gold_score": 38.69, "coherence_depth": 0.07, "cognitive_entropy": 0.36, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 17, "logic_density": 1.01, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 3230, "reasoning_segments": 170, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-2c014573f5c3 | combinatorial | true | Medium | 某单位评选优秀员工，要从男员工甲、乙、丙中选出2名，从女员工丁、戊、己、庚中选出2名，共4名，已知
① 甲、丙不能同时入选
② 丁、己不能同时入选
③ 戊、庚不能同时入选
④ 乙、戊不能同时入选
若同时满足以上条件，可以选出：
I. 丁入选优秀员工
II. 庚入选优秀员工
III. 丙入选优秀员工
IV. 戊入选优秀员工 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb", "B. IV \u6216 I", "C. II \u6216 IV", "D. II \u4e3a\u771f", "E. I \u6216 III"] | ["C", "D"] | II | deductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 2, "operators": ["OR"], "tier": "Medium"} | Medium | 54.72 | LOGI-2c014573f5c3 | {"gold_score": 54.72, "coherence_depth": 0.25, "cognitive_entropy": 0.0, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 2, "pivot_count": 30, "logic_density": 3.82, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.5, "thinking_length": 2219, "reasoning_segments": 249, "is_high_q... |
LOGI-d42d7d7de2c0 | combinatorial | true | Easy | 在上课时间与学习成绩的关联研究中，研究者跟踪调查了10所中学里就读的上万名学生，结果发现：如果将早晨上课时间推迟半个小时，一个学期后，学生们的数学、英语、科学成绩普遍提高了1/2个等级，如从B提高到B+的位置。因此，研究者认为推迟半个小时上早课，有助于保证学生更加充足的睡眠，从而提高成绩。
以下哪项如果为真，最能削弱上述观点：
I. 调查中少数学生有部分课程的成绩降低了1个等级
II. 即使推迟上课时间，成绩提高的学生依然早起预习
III. 推迟半个小时上早课，缩短了学生上课的整体时间
IV. 改善学生的学习方法，会有效提高学生的学习成绩 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb", "B. \u4ec5 III", "C. \u4ec5 IV", "D. II \u4e3a\u771f"] | ["D"] | II | abductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 4, "n_correct": 1, "operators": [], "tier": "Easy"} | Easy | 66.33 | LOGI-d42d7d7de2c0 | {"gold_score": 66.33, "coherence_depth": 0.21, "cognitive_entropy": 0.24, "abductive_strength": 1.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 32, "logic_density": 3.15, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 2314, "reasoning_segments": 161, "is_high... |
LOGI-6f6206696c28 | base | false | base | Annually the average household spends on running electrical appliances: 82 on washing and drying, 49 on lighting, 38 on refrigeration of food, a rather wasteful 95 on the wide-screen TV, 17 powering computers, wireless networks and charging phones and, not surprising for the British, 23 on boiling the kettle for all th... | You can infer that the average households annual electricity bill (net of taxes etc) is a little over 300 (the sum of all the individual items listed). | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 126.97 | {"gold_score": 126.97, "coherence_depth": 0.16, "cognitive_entropy": 0.9, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 74, "logic_density": 2.44, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 9003, "reasoning_segments": 428, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-6d48e7c238cb | combinatorial | true | Easy | 科学家研制出了一种新型的纳米涂层材料，这种材料能够促使任何液体从物体表面反弹出去。例如油渍、酒精等表面张力很低的液体溅到用这种材料粉刷的墙壁上时，会立刻被反弹，不会弄脏墙壁。因此，有商人预测，这种材料如果大量用于粉刷墙壁，涂料的销量将大幅度下降。
以下哪项如果为真，不能质疑该商业人士的预测：
I. 消费者使用涂料往往还因为涂料具有其他的功效
II. 这种涂层材料将影响墙壁的美观
III. 该研究成果商业化还需要相当长的一段时间
IV. 人们习惯于根据墙壁粉刷了多长时间来粉刷墙壁，不论墙壁是否已经被弄脏 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u4ec5 II", "B. III \u4e3a\u771f", "C. \u4ec5 IV", "D. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb"] | ["B"] | III | abductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 4, "n_correct": 1, "operators": [], "tier": "Easy"} | Easy | 318.97 | LOGI-6d48e7c238cb | {"gold_score": 318.97, "coherence_depth": 0.27, "cognitive_entropy": 0.42, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 203, "logic_density": 4.11, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 5645, "reasoning_segments": 367, "is_hig... |
LOGI-72a00d828e19 | base | false | base | Terry: Months ago, I submitted a claim for my stolen bicycle to my insurance company. After hearing nothing for several weeks, I contacted the firm and found they had no record of my claim. Since then, I have resubmitted the claim twice and called the firm repeatedly, but I have yet to receive a settlement. Anyone can ... | Which one of the following principles is violated by Terry’s reasoning? | ["A. Consumers should avoid attributing dishonesty to a corporation when the actions of the corporation might instead be explained by incompetence.", "B. Consumers should attempt to keep themselves informed of corporate behavior that directly affects their interests.", "C. In judging the quality of service of a corpora... | "A" | deductive | argument analysis | {} | 57.91 | {"gold_score": 57.91, "coherence_depth": 0.08, "cognitive_entropy": 0.12, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 33, "logic_density": 1.13, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 2588, "reasoning_segments": 109, "is_high_q... | |||
LOGI-724689509295 | base | false | base | Which is the odd one out? | ["A. Cannellini", "B. Sugar", "C. Haricot", "D. French", "E. Mung"] | "B" | analogical | odd one out | {} | 60.55 | {"gold_score": 60.55, "coherence_depth": 0.11, "cognitive_entropy": 0.24, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 35, "logic_density": 1.59, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 7200, "reasoning_segments": 479, "is_high_... | ||||
LOGI-8a9143273889 | base | false | base | Off-shoring has been adopted by banks and other financial organisations in the West since the 1980s, but it is only in recent years that it has become popular in other industry sectors as its financial benefits over more local outsourcing have become recognised. Evidence indicates that off-shore workers have a lower in... | In the West, off-shoring was the main method used for banking organisations out-sourcing their work in the 1980s. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 38.87 | {"gold_score": 38.87, "coherence_depth": 0.1, "cognitive_entropy": 0.12, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 22, "logic_density": 1.45, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.6, "thinking_length": 3013, "reasoning_segments": 164, "is_high_q... | |||
LOGI-54d35e38932b | base | false | base | You cannot be very intelligent if you do not know how smart you are until you have been told your IQ rate. It is probably unwise to take an IQ test because if you do then you risk feeling either superior or disappointed when you get the result, and neither of these sentiments is beneficial. What difference would it mak... | The results suggest that men are more intelligent than women. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 122.19 | {"gold_score": 122.19, "coherence_depth": 0.17, "cognitive_entropy": 0.6, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 72, "logic_density": 2.61, "dim_awareness": 3.0, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 2.7, "thinking_length": 8200, "reasoning_segments": 436, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-45edb80e93fe | combinatorial | true | Hard | 赵一、钱二、孙三、李四去吃火锅，服务员端上来的锅底有酸汤肥牛、香辣排骨、秘制番茄、胡椒猪肚。已知：赵一比选择香辣排骨锅底的人年龄大，孙三比钱二年龄小，吃酸汤肥牛锅底的人比吃胡椒猪肚锅底的人年龄小，吃香辣排骨锅底的人比吃秘制番茄锅底的人年龄大，吃胡椒猪肚锅底的人不是孙三就是李四。
根据以上条件，下列可以推出的是：
I. 吃秘制番茄锅底的是赵一
II. 吃香辣排骨锅底的是孙三
III. 只能确定一人吃什么火锅锅底
IV. 四人各自吃什么火锅锅底都能确定 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. IV \u6216 I", "B. II \u6216 I", "C. I \u6216 II", "D. \u975e I", "E. \u4ec5 IV"] | ["A", "D", "E"] | IV | deductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 3, "operators": ["EXACT", "NOT", "OR"], "tier": "Hard"} | Hard | 46.21 | LOGI-45edb80e93fe | {"gold_score": 46.21, "coherence_depth": 0.18, "cognitive_entropy": 0.12, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 2, "pivot_count": 25, "logic_density": 2.66, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.3, "thinking_length": 5767, "reasoning_segments": 583, "is_high_q... |
LOGI-568c44413b73 | base | false | base | The fashion industry is one of the most profitable sectors of the economy. An example of this can be seen in the reported annual profit of the Arcadia Group. The Group, which owns several high-street chains such as Topshop and Miss Selfridge, reported an annual profit of one hundred and eight million pounds last year.S... | Fashion industry is the most profitable sector of the economy. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 39.85 | {"gold_score": 39.85, "coherence_depth": 0.09, "cognitive_entropy": 0.18, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 19, "logic_density": 1.32, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 1.1, "thinking_length": 3164, "reasoning_segments": 142, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-89e5ae80efd4 | base | false | base | ‘weather is so cool’ is written as ‘la pa ma se’, ‘so are we going’ is written as ‘ma ne ta ra’, ‘as going cool’ is written as ‘pa ne he’, ‘is weather hot’ is written as ‘la se ka’, ‘desert are hot’ is written as ‘ka te ra’ and ‘mountains are cool’ is written as ‘pa ra ha’. | What will be the code for ‘so desert’? | ["A. ma ta", "B. se te", "C. ma se", "D. te ne", "E. None of these"] | "E" | inductive | coding and decoding | {} | 49.26 | {"gold_score": 49.26, "coherence_depth": 0.07, "cognitive_entropy": 0.1, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.33, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 29, "logic_density": 0.99, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 8973, "reasoning_segments": 756, "is_high_q... | |||
LOGI-28b8fa0c5fd5 | base | false | base | Mrs Hilda Jessop was knocked over by a car on Sutton Road in Forestown at 7.00 pm on the evening of Sunday 8 February. The emergency services were called to the scene of the accident and Mrs Jessop was rushed to the General Hospital, but was later pronounced as being dead on arrival. The following facts are also known:... | Mrs Jessop was already dead from her injuries by the time the emergency services arrived at the scene of the accident in Sutton Road. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | deductive | situational judgement | {} | 57.86 | {"gold_score": 57.86, "coherence_depth": 0.11, "cognitive_entropy": 0.42, "abductive_strength": 0.6, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 28, "logic_density": 1.68, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.3, "thinking_length": 3567, "reasoning_segments": 175, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-0f480cfb83a1 | combinatorial | true | Hard | 有研究人员对A、B、AB、O血型各50名对象进行调查，发现各类血型人群中，容易被蚊子叮咬的比例分别为：A型22%，B型28%，AB型8%，O型42%，于是研究人员得出结论，容易被蚊子叮咬的各血型顺序为O型>B型>A型>AB型。
以下哪项如果为真，最能反驳上述论证：
I. 调查对象AB型的人，大多蚊虫防护意识较强
II. 调查对象中，A型血中女性比例明显高于B型血
III. 调查对象中，O型血的人大多从事户外作业，工作环境中蚊子较多
IV. 蚊子只依据二氧化碳、热量、挥发性化学物质这些因素来选择叮咬目标，研究发现不同血型人群在上述因素中没有差异 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. IV \u6216 III", "B. \u975e III", "C. \u4ec5 I", "D. III \u6216 I", "E. I \u6216 II"] | ["A", "B"] | IV | abductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 2, "operators": ["NOT", "OR"], "tier": "Hard"} | Hard | 112.37 | LOGI-0f480cfb83a1 | {"gold_score": 112.37, "coherence_depth": 0.17, "cognitive_entropy": 0.48, "abductive_strength": 1.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 62, "logic_density": 2.52, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 1.75, "fallacy_risk": 1.5, "thinking_length": 6798, "reasoning_segments": 539, "is_hi... |
LOGI-baa392c367b6 | base | false | base | Pay day loans are becoming an increasing common phenomenon in the United Kingdom, with pay-day loans a now 2 billion a year industry. These loans are often extremely high interest over a short period of time, often reaching or exceeding 4000% APR. Due to these high interest rates, missing payments can lead to a debt sp... | Pay day loans can lead to bankruptcy | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 48 | {"gold_score": 48.0, "coherence_depth": 0.15, "cognitive_entropy": 0.24, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 25, "logic_density": 2.23, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.7, "thinking_length": 2746, "reasoning_segments": 150, "is_high_qu... | |||
LOGI-d0720375037b | base | false | base | In a study, one group of volunteers was fed a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet; another group was fed a low-protein, high-carbohydrate diet. Both diets contained the same number of calories, and each volunteer's diet prior to the experiment had contained moderate levels of proteins and carbohydrates. After ten days,... | Which one of the following, if true, most weakens the argument above? | ["A. A low-protein, high-carbohydrate diet causes the human body to retain water, the added weight of which largely compensates for the weight of any body fat lost, whereas a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet does not.", "B. Many people who consume large quantities of protein nevertheless gain significant amounts of ... | "A" | abductive | argument analysis | {} | 60.71 | {"gold_score": 60.71, "coherence_depth": 0.2, "cognitive_entropy": 0.2, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 30, "logic_density": 3.07, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 3159, "reasoning_segments": 185, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-13479e5c4140 | base | false | base | In biology, the term mutualism refers to a mutually beneficial relationship between two species. The later economic theory of mutualism is based on the labour theory of value, which states that the true cost of an item is the amount of labour that was required to produce it. Hence, goods should not be sold for more tha... | Free association separates labour from hierarchy and ownership. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 53.12 | {"gold_score": 53.12, "coherence_depth": 0.06, "cognitive_entropy": 1.0, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 29, "logic_density": 0.96, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.4, "thinking_length": 9975, "reasoning_segments": 377, "is_high_qu... | |||
LOGI-c6c24f3c3024 | base | false | base | An association between two types of conditions does not establish that conditions of one type cause conditions of the other type. Even persistent and inviolable association is inconclusive; such association is often due to conditions of both types being effects of the same kind of cause. | Which one of the following judgments most closely conforms to the principle stated above? | ["A. Some people claim that rapid growth of the money supply is what causes inflation. But this is a naive view. What these people do not realize is that growth in the money supply and inflation are actually one and the same phenomenon.", "B. People who have high blood pressure tend to be overweight. But before we draw... | "B" | deductive | argument analysis | {} | 100.78 | {"gold_score": 100.78, "coherence_depth": 0.26, "cognitive_entropy": 0.0, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 57, "logic_density": 3.97, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 1.0, "thinking_length": 4028, "reasoning_segments": 245, "is_hi... | |||
LOGI-000711429353 | base | false | base | Technology, such as smart-phones and business software, are said to be making a marked difference to life of local people in Ghana. An example of this can be seen in Janga, in the North of Ghana. Jangas economy is predominantly dependant on the collection and export of Shea nuts, traditionally collected by the women of... | Technology has enabled individual workers to keep in contact. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 45.15 | {"gold_score": 45.15, "coherence_depth": 0.09, "cognitive_entropy": 0.9, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 24, "logic_density": 1.28, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.7, "thinking_length": 9163, "reasoning_segments": 348, "is_high_qu... | |||
LOGI-709e49f10cf6 | combinatorial | true | Hard | 辟谣有时会使受众将谣言错记为'事实'，其中原因之一是受众遗忘了谣言的反驳信息，即事实幻觉效应。为了避免这一认知错觉，可以采用'反驳改述谣言'的方法，即辟谣者可以将谣言改述为否定句式，再进行反驳。根据上述定义，下列属于'反驳改述谣言'的是：
I. 食用野兔等野生动物安全，这不是谣言
II. 即便少量饮酒也不利于健康，这是谣言
III. 有节制的吸烟不易致癌，这不是谣言
IV. 药品X是危险的，这是谣言 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb", "B. \u975e IV", "C. \u975e III", "D. I \u6216 III", "E. II \u6216 IV"] | ["B", "C", "E"] | II | deductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 3, "operators": ["NOT", "OR"], "tier": "Hard"} | Hard | 789.98 | LOGI-709e49f10cf6 | {"gold_score": 789.98, "coherence_depth": 0.09, "cognitive_entropy": 0.2, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 519, "logic_density": 1.33, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.5, "thinking_length": 11208, "reasoning_segments": 854, "is_h... |
LOGI-58c772c25cd6 | base | false | base | IT has been used commercially for over 50 years, yet no standard terminology or system for measuring the value of IT expenditure exists. This lack of methodology can be explained by ITs intangible nature and a prevailing belief that IT is a necessary, and uncontrollable, expense. Ultimately, any metric for assessing IT... | The passage asserts that IT costs are intrinsically difficult to regulate. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "A" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 46.75 | {"gold_score": 46.75, "coherence_depth": 0.12, "cognitive_entropy": 1.0, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 5, "pivot_count": 21, "logic_density": 1.78, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.4, "thinking_length": 7782, "reasoning_segments": 436, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-91870cd3039b | base | false | base | At the time of introduction of computer system in India there was an abrupt objection to its introduction by the leaders of various Trade Unions. It was argued that this technical device will certainly minimise the chances of employment. It was described as anti-labor. Indian Statistical Insti- tute, Calcutta, got the ... | Trade Unionist do not believe in the nation’s progress. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 55.02 | {"gold_score": 55.02, "coherence_depth": 0.15, "cognitive_entropy": 0.12, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 28, "logic_density": 2.31, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.8, "thinking_length": 2171, "reasoning_segments": 154, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-8ccb7f6e60af | combinatorial | true | Easy | Here are some words translated from an artificial language: shillenacen means timetable, acenablot means tablecloth, micaerran means groundwater
Which word could mean water table?
I. abloterran
II. micashillen
III. acenmica
IV. erranacen | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u4ec5 III", "B. \u4ec5 I", "C. \u4ec5 II", "D. IV \u4e3a\u771f"] | ["D"] | IV | inductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 4, "n_correct": 1, "operators": [], "tier": "Easy"} | Easy | 60.15 | LOGI-8ccb7f6e60af | {"gold_score": 60.15, "coherence_depth": 0.15, "cognitive_entropy": 0.12, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 32, "logic_density": 2.21, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.75, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 6957, "reasoning_segments": 330, "is_high... |
LOGI-6a81bf610bb6 | base | false | base | FRAY : RAVEL | ["A. tremble : roll", "B. hungry : eat", "C. jolt : shake", "D. stroll : run", "E. stitch : tear"] | "C" | analogical | textual entailment | {} | 54.92 | {"gold_score": 54.92, "coherence_depth": 0.12, "cognitive_entropy": 0.3, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 30, "logic_density": 1.78, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 5042, "reasoning_segments": 294, "is_high_qu... | ||||
LOGI-0e7923697e10 | base | false | base | Jupiter orbits the sun every 12 years and is five times the distance of Earth from the sun. It is a huge gaseous planet with a rocky core twice the size of Earth and has four principal moons, Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto. These moons were first recorded by Galileo in 1609. The outer reaches of our solar system con... | In the passage we can conclude that the words huge, giant and moon, satelliteare treated as synonyms. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 57.64 | {"gold_score": 57.64, "coherence_depth": 0.11, "cognitive_entropy": 0.66, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 32, "logic_density": 1.68, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.8, "thinking_length": 5926, "reasoning_segments": 274, "is_high_q... | |||
LOGI-44e899c08fde | combinatorial | true | Hard | 直接歧视，是指某个行为具有直接的针对性，对于具备不同性别、种族、肤色、年龄以及其他非自我选择特征的人来说有显性的区别对待效果。间接歧视，是指某个看似中立，不针对任何人的行为，却实实在在地在具备不同性别、种族、肤色、年龄以及其他非自我选择特征的人之间造成了区别对待的结果。根据上述定义，下列属于间接歧视的是：
I. 小王是某企业女职工，在一次升为部门经理的考核中，公司最后因为她性格过于柔软而拒绝对其升职
II. 某企业要求所有员工都必须定期参加体能训练，后来企业女职工坚持不下来，纷纷离职，结果该企业成为了著名的'光棍'企业
III. 消防队以便于防火为由，禁止消防队员留长发，导致的结果是基本上没有一线女性消防员
IV. 某企业以员工需要... | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u975e IV", "B. \u4ec5 IV", "C. IV \u6216 I", "D. I \u6216 III", "E. \u975e I"] | ["A", "E"] | II | deductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 2, "operators": ["NOT"], "tier": "Hard"} | Hard | 46.99 | LOGI-44e899c08fde | {"gold_score": 46.99, "coherence_depth": 0.18, "cognitive_entropy": 0.18, "abductive_strength": 0.6, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 24, "logic_density": 2.76, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.5, "thinking_length": 2888, "reasoning_segments": 166, "is_high_q... |
LOGI-ad182828a9d2 | combinatorial | true | Medium | 甲、乙两队参加比赛，关于甲、乙两队是否最终能够夺得奖牌，有如下断言：I. 甲队不可能夺不到奖牌；II. 甲队不一定夺得奖牌；III. 乙队夺得了奖牌；IV. 甲、乙两队至少有一队能夺得奖牌。已知以上断言有两句为真，两句为假。
由此可以推知：
I. 甲、乙两队都没有夺得奖牌
II. 甲、乙两队都夺得了奖牌
III. 甲队夺得了奖牌，乙队未夺得
IV. 乙队夺得了奖牌，甲队未夺得 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. III \u6216 IV", "B. \u4ec5 I", "C. II \u6216 I", "D. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb", "E. \u53ea\u6709 III"] | ["A", "E"] | III | deductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 2, "operators": ["OR"], "tier": "Medium"} | Medium | 154.35 | LOGI-ad182828a9d2 | {"gold_score": 154.35, "coherence_depth": 0.42, "cognitive_entropy": 0.4, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 87, "logic_density": 6.31, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 4774, "reasoning_segments": 341, "is_high... |
LOGI-2caad91290a9 | base | false | base | The level of air pollution in London is at a record high, with the level of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) the highest of any EU country. As a result of such high levels of pollution, the UK has received a number of warnings from the EU for its failure to comply with European laws, and may face a possible fine.In addition to t... | London has the highest level of nitrogen dioxide in Europe. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "A" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 63.32 | {"gold_score": 63.32, "coherence_depth": 0.12, "cognitive_entropy": 0.24, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 33, "logic_density": 1.85, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 6286, "reasoning_segments": 281, "is_hi... | |||
LOGI-1dba33287387 | combinatorial | true | Easy | 甲、乙、丙、丁4人参加预选赛。对于预选赛结果，几位教练预测如下：（1）如果甲、乙均未通过，则丙通过；（2）如果乙、丙至少有1人通过，则丁也通过；（3）如果甲、乙至少有1人通过，则丙也通过，但是丁不通过。
根据几位练的预测，可以推出：
I. 丙和丁通过
II. 甲和丁通过
III. 甲和乙通过
IV. 乙和丙通过 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb", "B. \u4ec5 IV", "C. \u53ea\u6709 I", "D. \u4ec5 II"] | ["C"] | I | deductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 4, "n_correct": 1, "operators": [], "tier": "Easy"} | Easy | 45.76 | LOGI-1dba33287387 | {"gold_score": 45.76, "coherence_depth": 0.21, "cognitive_entropy": 0.12, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 2, "pivot_count": 22, "logic_density": 3.18, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.75, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 2085, "reasoning_segments": 169, "is_high_... |
LOGI-2a0e7ad54601 | base | false | base | What is a novel? A novel is a marketable commodity, of the class collectively termed luxuries, as not contributing directly to the support of life or the maintenance of health. The novel, therefore, is an intellectual artistic luxury in that it can be of no use to a man when he is at work, but may conduce to peace of m... | According to the author, a writer should write a novel with the sole purpose of amusement | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "A" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 80.84 | {"gold_score": 80.84, "coherence_depth": 0.07, "cognitive_entropy": 1.0, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 44, "logic_density": 1.07, "dim_awareness": 3.0, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 1.1, "thinking_length": 15101, "reasoning_segments": 731, "is_hig... | |||
LOGI-162a9fd0ba09 | base | false | base | Horticulturalists must take into account many factors when planning the reproduction of plants. Propagation by seed is the most common method employed as it is relatively easy and has a good expected rate of germination, although this can drop if the seed has been packaged for more than a year. Many seeds can remain vi... | Reproducing plants by seed is the most common activity for gardeners. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 40.48 | {"gold_score": 40.48, "coherence_depth": 0.1, "cognitive_entropy": 0.3, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 21, "logic_density": 1.43, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 3214, "reasoning_segments": 147, "is_high_qu... | |||
LOGI-a86549ef3696 | base | false | base | Ajit pointed at Abhijeet and said, 'I am the only son of one of the sons of his father.' | How is Ajit related to Abhijeet? | ["A. Brother", "B. Grandfather", "C. Nephew", "D. Brother-in-law", "E. None of the above"] | "E" | deductive | blood relations | {} | 89.21 | {"gold_score": 89.21, "coherence_depth": 0.23, "cognitive_entropy": 1.0, "abductive_strength": 0.6, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 48, "logic_density": 3.5, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.9, "thinking_length": 10147, "reasoning_segments": 533, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-a4bc029b40c9 | combinatorial | true | Hard | 一项针对某地区的调查显示，每周至少食用2次腌制食品的人患消化道癌症的可能性比每周食用腌制食品少于2次的人更低。因此，食用腌制食品并不会引发消化道癌症。
以下选项如果为真，最不能削弱上述论证的是：
I. 相较其他地区而言，该地区的人更习惯于食用腌制食品
II. 很多人在消化道出现不适时，会少吃或不吃腌制食品
III. 该研究由某家腌制食品企业资助，选择研究对象时具有倾向性
IV. 食用腌制食品次数多的人每次的食用量一般很少 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u975e IV", "B. \u975e III", "C. I \u4e3a\u771f", "D. \u4ec5 III", "E. III \u6216 II"] | ["A", "B", "C"] | I | abductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 3, "operators": ["NOT"], "tier": "Hard"} | Hard | 43.75 | LOGI-a4bc029b40c9 | {"gold_score": 43.75, "coherence_depth": 0.21, "cognitive_entropy": 0.1, "abductive_strength": 1.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 20, "logic_density": 3.15, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 2012, "reasoning_segments": 150, "is_high_q... |
LOGI-d937eb2a7bd9 | base | false | base | Statement: In its first bi-monthly policy review, RBI has decided to cut the repo rate by 25 basis points and take measures to ease the liquidity constraints in the banking system. | Rupee will strengthen against other currencies. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 57.48 | {"gold_score": 57.48, "coherence_depth": 0.19, "cognitive_entropy": 0.24, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 30, "logic_density": 2.84, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.4, "thinking_length": 2449, "reasoning_segments": 149, "is_high_q... | |||
LOGI-6ed59b47164d | combinatorial | true | Hard | 进入21世纪后，中国经济总蛩逐步上升到世界第二位（论据）。由此，有人认为：'加入WT0对一个国家的经济増长具有明显的加速作用（结论）。'
以下各项如果为真，最能质疑上述观点的是：
I. 中国进入经济高增长轨道与加入WT0几乎同时发生
II. 中国的大国基础结构对经济增长具有十分重要作用
III. 印度、巴西在加入WT0前后经济増速无明显变化
IV. 中国有较低劳动成本和较高技能结合的竞争优势 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. III \u6216 IV", "B. I \u6216 II", "C. \u975e IV", "D. \u53ea\u6709 III", "E. \u4ec5 II"] | ["A", "C", "D"] | III | abductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 3, "operators": ["NOT", "OR"], "tier": "Hard"} | Hard | 94.81 | LOGI-6ed59b47164d | {"gold_score": 94.81, "coherence_depth": 0.18, "cognitive_entropy": 0.18, "abductive_strength": 0.6, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 52, "logic_density": 2.67, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 2447, "reasoning_segments": 153, "is_high... |
LOGI-6d3760c413c6 | base | false | base | In a certain code language, 'action speaks louder' is coded as '6ca 7ka 8ud', 'movie speaks truth' is coded as '4vm 8ud 5ht', 'action packed movie' is coded as '2ck 6ca 4vm', 'truth louder lie' is coded as '3el 5ht 7ka'. | ["A. louder", "B. action", "C. speaks", "D. Either A or B", "E. None of these"] | "B" | inductive | coding and decoding | {} | 138.06 | {"gold_score": 138.06, "coherence_depth": 0.1, "cognitive_entropy": 0.12, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 85, "logic_density": 1.46, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 11441, "reasoning_segments": 813, "is_high_... | ||||
LOGI-ff2c34cf4d79 | base | false | base | The first tranche of sovereign gold bonds that closed on November 20 received an encouraging response despite falling gold prices, suggesting that the scheme may be successful in reducing imports of the metal. | Country imports of gold will fall. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 58.43 | {"gold_score": 58.43, "coherence_depth": 0.22, "cognitive_entropy": 0.12, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 31, "logic_density": 3.27, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 2196, "reasoning_segments": 112, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-e0060a7d3bef | combinatorial | true | Medium | 村长在一次美丽乡村动员大会结束后宣布：“此次提出的关于村里垃圾处理的方案得到了一致认可，全体村民一致通过了该方案。”会后，小张就此事进行了调查，发现村长说的并非事实。
如果小张的调查结果为真，以下哪项也必然为真：
I. 全体村民都不同意通过该方案
II. 部分村民同意通过该方案
III. 有些村民同意通过该方案，有些村民反对通过该方案
IV. 有村民不同意通过该方案 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. II \u6216 I", "B. \u4ec5 II", "C. I \u6216 II", "D. IV \u4e3a\u771f", "E. \u4ec5 III"] | ["D"] | IV | deductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 1, "operators": [], "tier": "Medium"} | Medium | 50.53 | LOGI-e0060a7d3bef | {"gold_score": 50.53, "coherence_depth": 0.18, "cognitive_entropy": 0.0, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 24, "logic_density": 2.72, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 1204, "reasoning_segments": 79, "is_high_... |
LOGI-3574a954ddfa | base | false | base | Shaun Greene aged 15, was arrested at his mother's home on the Fernbrook Estate on Tuesday 10 June on suspicion of taking a motorcar without the owner's permission on the afternoon of the previous day. He protested his innocence and claimed that he had been at college at the time in question. The following facts are al... | The father was lying to protect his son when he said that Shaun couldn't drive a car. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | deductive | situational judgement | {} | 74.35 | {"gold_score": 74.35, "coherence_depth": 0.16, "cognitive_entropy": 1.0, "abductive_strength": 0.6, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 41, "logic_density": 2.33, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.4, "thinking_length": 5747, "reasoning_segments": 290, "is_high_qu... | |||
LOGI-e7cd4de850e1 | base | false | base | The amount of accounting information that could be supplied to any interested party is practically unlimited. The information needs to be designed in such a way that it meets the objectives of the specific user group. If too much information is given, the user might think that it is an attempt to mislead them, and as a... | it is a positive feature of the Companies Act, 1985, that it does not define what is meant by true and fair. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 40.25 | {"gold_score": 40.25, "coherence_depth": 0.11, "cognitive_entropy": 0.12, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 21, "logic_density": 1.68, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.5, "thinking_length": 2223, "reasoning_segments": 102, "is_high_q... | |||
LOGI-52329725cb52 | base | false | base | The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has announced plans to give the Republic of Ireland a further loan of four billion pounds over the next three years. This announcement comes as the Irish economy shows signs of stabilizing after new spending cuts were recently implemented. In addition to spending cuts, a rise in ta... | The Republic of Ireland does not expect the loan back. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 59.07 | {"gold_score": 59.07, "coherence_depth": 0.14, "cognitive_entropy": 0.94, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 29, "logic_density": 2.1, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.4, "thinking_length": 4856, "reasoning_segments": 230, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-346625fe29fd | base | false | base | No cats are carnivores. Tigers are cats. | Therefore, tigers are not carnivores. | ["A. Valid", "B. Invalid"] | "B" | deductive | syllogism | {} | 66.86 | {"gold_score": 66.86, "coherence_depth": 0.14, "cognitive_entropy": 0.54, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 36, "logic_density": 2.06, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.4, "thinking_length": 3294, "reasoning_segments": 235, "is_hig... | |||
LOGI-a1b5d2f5785e | base | false | base | Although autism was first discovered in 1943, it is still a relatively unknown disability. Children with autism do not show any signs of physical disability. It is a lifelong development disability that affects an individuals social interaction, social imagination and communication skills. Most sufferers can often have... | Autistic children are unable to make sense of their world | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "A" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 109.41 | {"gold_score": 109.41, "coherence_depth": 0.14, "cognitive_entropy": 1.0, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 68, "logic_density": 2.11, "dim_awareness": 3.0, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 4.9, "thinking_length": 9035, "reasoning_segments": 511, "is_hig... | |||
LOGI-aecfd5bebcb3 | base | false | base | Spanish-speaking Americans (Latinos) have overtaken African-Americans as the largest ethnic minority in the United States. The Latino population is growing at over 3% a year, compared with 0.6% for the rest of the population. They are getting richer, accounting for 8% of Americas GDP, and are expected to account for 10... | The passages opening statement lacks a factual base. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 47.11 | {"gold_score": 47.11, "coherence_depth": 0.09, "cognitive_entropy": 0.9, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 25, "logic_density": 1.39, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.7, "thinking_length": 6723, "reasoning_segments": 385, "is_high_q... | |||
LOGI-27803abdae39 | combinatorial | true | Hard | 某汽车企业在传统车型的基础上新增了自动上锁装置，能保证汽车和车内财产的安全性。因此，这款自动上锁车型的销售量将大大高于传统车型。
以下哪项如果为真，最能对上述推理提出质疑：
I. 传统车型中有一些最常用的功能并没有在新车型中体现
II. 新车型使用者与传统车型使用者的生活环境不同
III. 无论是装有自动上锁的新车型还是传统车型，使用习惯都是因人而异的
IV. 该企业生产的这款自动上锁装置获得了专利权，是目前市面上其他汽车所不具备的 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u975e III", "B. \u975e IV", "C. IV \u6216 II", "D. II \u6216 III", "E. \u4ec5 III"] | ["A", "B"] | I | abductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 2, "operators": ["NOT"], "tier": "Hard"} | Hard | 42.28 | LOGI-27803abdae39 | {"gold_score": 42.28, "coherence_depth": 0.13, "cognitive_entropy": 0.0, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 22, "logic_density": 1.97, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 1016, "reasoning_segments": 64, "is_high_qu... |
LOGI-4c97d999ab9c | base | false | base | Increasingly psychotherapy is being shown in relevant studies to be an effective form of treatment for mental disorders in its own right, despite frequent claims that evidence for its effectiveness in number of serious disorders is almost totally lacking. Moreover, studies have suggested that a combination of psychothe... | Unless combined with psychotherapy, medication is rarely effective in the treatment of mental disorders. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 80.5 | {"gold_score": 80.5, "coherence_depth": 0.1, "cognitive_entropy": 0.54, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 48, "logic_density": 1.55, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 2.3, "thinking_length": 9634, "reasoning_segments": 550, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-6e06d130231f | base | false | base | For most people, any reference to hypnosis brings to mind images of individuals involved in amusing, and often out of character, behavior. However, hypnosis is also a topic of scientific research. Research by scientists over the last few decades has revealed ways in which memory processes, and processes involved in pai... | Scientific research on the effects of hypnosis on memory and pain perception started a few decades ago. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "A" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 41.22 | {"gold_score": 41.22, "coherence_depth": 0.11, "cognitive_entropy": 0.12, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 19, "logic_density": 1.62, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 2585, "reasoning_segments": 117, "is_hi... | |||
LOGI-e5a8b91eee40 | base | false | base | John and his partner Sarah are keen supporters of Midchester City Football Club and were travelling from Midchester to Oldfield to watch their team play in the FA Cup. The distance from Midchester to Oldfield is about 190 miles and John estimated that the travelling time would be about four hours. After they had been t... | The car was stopped about 80 miles from Midchester. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | situational judgement | {} | 92.46 | {"gold_score": 92.46, "coherence_depth": 0.21, "cognitive_entropy": 0.88, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 52, "logic_density": 3.08, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.4, "thinking_length": 7617, "reasoning_segments": 442, "is_high_q... |
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