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a5b8237a-44e3-4d26-b978-50b5aabeb2b2 | The Birth rate, presuming that the population has increased at the same ratio as in the decade of the last Census, is 36.1 per 1,000 of the inhabitants, that of the Metropolis being 30.3, the latter being the lowest ever recorded in London, which as the Registrar-General remarks has been continuously falling since 1876. This remark, however, does not apply to this District, for on looking back to 1880 I find the number of births was 1,838, and for the past year 2,750, so that in the place of decreasing there has been a steady and continuous increase. 36 The following table gives the birth and death rates for the past ten years. Years. Births. Birth-rate. Deaths from all Causes. Deathrate. Natural Increase. |
e8099a7c-fe86-489f-82f7-28cbd0b246c4 | 1880 1838 47.5 1010 16.6 828 1881 2108 40.0 1195 19.0 908 1882 2232 41.0 1222 18.o 1010 1883 2328 39.8 1341 18.6 987 1884 2654 43.3 1085 18.8 1269 1885 2558 39.8 1395 19.8 1163 1886 2617 39.0 1348 18.1 1269 1887 2698 38.4 1435 18.9 1263 1888 2548 34.8 1202 16.4 1346 1889 2750 36-1 1272 16-7 1478 Mortality. |
1b3ccc4b-fcd9-4820-ab2c-6f2f91a29314 | The deaths returned by the Registrar as having taken place in this district was i,o88, of which 524 were males, and 564 females. DeathRate. The above 1,088 deaths give a rate of 14.3 per 1,000 per annum. In the previous year, 1888, 1,049 were registered, therefore this year shows an increase of 39—and is entirely due to the mortality of summer Diarrhcea of 1889, which trebled that of 1888. 87 In addition to the above 1,088 deaths there occurred in Institutions within and without the District 184, of which 105 were males and 79 females, and were returned as the following Table sets forth. DEATHS IN PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS. West Battersea. Total Skx. Age. Institutions. |
9636ce0b-90e2-47a6-bf7e-fd37636645bd | Male Female Under 1 1 to 60 60 and upwards Union Infirmary General Hospitals Asylums' Board Hospitals Lunatic Asylums Elsewhere DISEASE. Small-Pox - - - - - - - - - - - Scarlet Fever 6 3 3 1 5 — — - 6 — - Typhus Fever - - - - - - - - - - - Enteric Fever 3 — 3 — 3 — - - 1 — — Diphtheria 7 4 3 — 6 i — 6 — 1 — Whooping Cough 2 — 2 2 — — 1 1 — — — Measles 1 — 1 — 1 — — 1 — — — Other Zymotic Diseases 2 — 2 1 1 — i 1 — — - Tubercular Diseases 24 14 10 6 17 1 10 11 — 3 — Cancer 24 9 |
99770715-a89f-4799-a2e3-ae711ba545d4 | 15 — 11 13 11 13 — - — Rheumatism 2 1 1 — 1 1 1 1 — — — Respiratory Diseases 21 8 13 6 12 3 8 13 — — - Circulatory Diseases 21 13 8 - 16 5 11 9 1 - - Nervous Diseases 28 21 7 5 15 8 13 10 — 5 - Other Diseases 29 21 8 7 12 10 15 14 — — - Violence 14 11 3 1 11 2 1 11 — — 2 Total 184 105 79 29 111 44 73 92 8 9 2 These 184 deaths added to the 1,088 give a total of 1,272 persons who died during the year as having connection with this district and give a death rate of 16.7 per 1, |
a47d32aa-e3d4-4e0f-87a4-676c5d8e43a0 | 000. The deaths registered in each quarter were as follows:— I st quarter. 2nd quarter. 3rd quarter. 4th quarter. 295 235 3.3 245 Thfi death rate per 1,000 including all those which can possibly be attributed to this district during the past ten years was as follows :— 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 16.6 19.0 18.0 18.6 18.8 19.8 18.1 18.9 16.4 16.7 38 TABLE II. The following table shows the cause of all deaths, classified according to age, sex and social position. Population (Census) 1881, 52,587 Official Population in middle of June, 1889, 76,189 Total Deaths from each Class of Disease. |
28e7b715-c782-4cd1-b3c9-01ce8291d4ba | &c., in the Sub-District. Sex. Age. Social Position Males. Females. Under1 year. From 1 to 5 years. From 5 to 10 years. From 10 to 20 years. At 20 and under 40 years of age. At 40 and under 60 years of age. At 60 and under 80 years of age. 80 years and upwards. Nobility and Gentry. Professional Class, Merchants, Bankers, &c. Middle and Trading Class, Shopmen, Clerks, &c. Industrial and Labouring Classes. CAUSES OF DEATH. I, Zymotic. Small-pox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Measles 56 29 27 13 43 . . . . . . . . .5 51 Scarlet Fever 3 2 1 . . 2 . |
0fc64fca-2c54-42b3-ab4f-f8dab69835a5 | 1 . . . 1 1 1 Typhus Fever . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Enteric Fever . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Puerparal Fever 5 . 5 . . . . 5 . . . . . . 5 Diphtheria 10 5 4 1 7 1 . . . . . 1 1 8 Whooping Cough 55 30 25 23 32 . . . . . . . 1 4 50 Erysipelas 2 2 . 2 . . . . . . . . 1 . Diarrhoea, Dysentery and Cholera 74 35 39 55 14 1 . 1 . 3 . 1 . 9 64 Other Zymotic Diseases 2 2 . 1 . . . 1 . . . . . |
50e65354-d8bc-408d-ac44-02bcc812f9a9 | 1 1 Totals of Zymotic Class 217 112 105 95 96 5 . 11 2 5 . 1 3 22 191 II. Constitutional. Gout and Rheumatism 9 3 6 .. .. .... .. 2 4 3 .. .. 1 1 7 Cancer & other Tumours Other Constitutional 30 6 24 .. .. .. .. 2 11 17 .. 3 .. 5 22 Diseases 15 6 9 .. .. .. .. 3 5 6 .. 2 .. 2 11 II contitutional. |
8fec69ee-4045-4663-8f0f-3a802a2561f6 | Phthisis 99 49 50 1 3 1 10 40 3 3 5 .. 1 1 18 79 Tabes Mesa 45 23 22 34 6 1 .. 1 1 .. .. .. 1 2 42 Hydrocephalus 23 17 6 12 9 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 22 Scrofula 3 1 2 .. 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 Ill Local. Nervous 112 60 52 48 15 1 . 3 10 31 3 2 3 10 97 Circulatory 62 32 30 . 1 1 . 7 23 26 2 1 1 11 49 Respiratory 211 99 112 59 14 5 . |
29e6ca39-2fd0-4530-9d13-cd7632e05d4f | 7 35 43 6 8 3 21 179 Digestive 60 25 35 21 3 . . 6 14 11 . 1 2 9 48 Urinary 27 15 12 . . . . 5 11 11 . 2 3 5 17 Generative 8 . 8 . . . . 5 2 . . . 2 1 5 Locomotory 3 3 . 1 . . . . . 2 . . . 2 1 Integumentary 6 2 4 3 1 . 1 . . 1 . . . . 6 IV.Developmental. |
b1d04a28-d8af-45fa-969d-a05fcf82b55f | Premature Birth, Low Vitality and Congenital Defects 98 51 47 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 2 6 89 Old Age 29 2 27 .. .. .. .. .. .. 14 15 3 .. 5 21 V. Violence 27 17 10 14 4 .. 1 2 4 2 .. .. .... .. 27 VI. Illdefined Illdefined 4 1 3 3 .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. 4 Not Specified. Not Specified .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Totals 1088 524 504 389 194 18 28 100 155 178 26 25 22 121 920 39 Infirmary The deaths in the Infirmary numbered 260, of Deaths. |
bcc05939-92ff-4524-a397-a56ce810d911 | which 73 belonged to West Battersea, leaving 196 to be distributed amongst the other parishes forming the Union— five also occurred in the Bolingbroke Hospital whose previous residence was in no wise connected with the parish. Mortality The deaths from this class of disease were 217, of from Zymotic or which 112 were males and 105 females; this total Diseases. gives an excess of those of the previous year of 37. This excess is entirely due to summer diarrhoea, and accounts for the increase of this class of disease, and also the decimal in the general death rate—the greatest fatality was from Diarrhoea Measles and Whooping Cough, whilst other diseases remain about the normal average. Of the total number 95 were under one, 96 from one to five years of age, whilst from 20 and upwards but 26 were returned, thus conclusively showing, as in previous years, the age most susceptible to this class of disease. |
9e92e134-29d5-43bb-906d-18a0dee64835 | In reference to the deaths from Diarrhoea which were 74 out of the total, 55 were under one year of age, 14 from one to five, and five from 20 and upwards. The following table gives all deaths from Zymotic causes during the past ten years also the death-rate. TABLE III. Zymotic Mortality in the West Battersea Sub-district. |
0af08dbe-b8dd-4b24-b1b2-7424003bd656 | 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 Small-Pox - 4 1 - 2 1 - - - - Measles 8 50 30 52 42 63 26 49 42 56 Scarlet Fever 30 25 35 26 14 5 5 50 12 3 Diphtheria 3 9 4 2 11 2 3 15 14 10 Enteric Fever 10 10 14 12 20 9 13 14 5 10 Whooping Cough 23 31 47 46 46 74 42 54 61 55 Epidemic Diarrhoea 61 53 39 64 82 63 70 76 39 74 Other Zymotic Diseases. |
c784f7dc-008c-43d3-8fb9-d427164c5e12 | 11 16 24 16 34 17 7 21 7 9 Total Deaths from Zymotic Diseases 146 198 194 218 251 234 166 256 180 217 Zymotic Death Rate 2.9 3.8 3.6 3.6 4.0 3.6 2.4 3.6 2.5 2.8 Death-rate from all Diseases 16.8 19.0 18.0 18.6 18.8 19.8 18.1 18. 9 16.4 16.7 40 Other From these classes 871 were returned 123 being causes of death than from bronchitis, 74 pneumonia, laryngitis 7, asthma 3 and pleurisy 4—in all, 211 from disease of the respiratory organs. |
6df0d07c-e5fd-4b79-b10e-294684947d68 | Of the constitutional diseases there were 224 deaths, 99 being from phthisis, atrophy 45, cancer 30, and other diseases 50. From diseases of the digestive organs 60 were returned, 25 males and 35 females—21 being under 1, 33 under 20 years of age, and 31, 20 and upwards. The deaths of infants from premature birth were 98. These are more numerous than last year and augment the number of deaths, and add more than one per 1,000 to the death rate. The following table contrasts all deaths from non-zymotic causes during the past ten years. TABLE IV. 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 Tubercular, including Phthisis 196 210 198 255 266 239 237 205 160 170 Of Brain, Nerves, &c. |
f3c1fb12-d9f8-4a07-b04f-98a7fc1d6591 | 117 147 173 168 170 178 169 159 116 112 Of the Heart, &c. 72 94 83 85 95 108 104 91 66 62 Of the Respiratory Organs, excluding Phthisis 215 266 272 318 248 327 316 302 246 211 Of Digestive Organs 47 59 59 68 63 52 69 66 76 60 Of Urinary Organs 15 26 26 32 19 30 21 36 16 27 Of Organs of Generation 9 14 14 11 12 16 11 14 3 8 Of Joints, Bones, &c. |
d15a2c50-e9de-4e4a-a43b-fa86a3b67f55 | 3 15 12 19 12 5 18 29 9 3 Of Cancer 22 21 25 33 17 31 33 33 24 30 Premature Birth, Low Vitality, Malformation, &c. 70 37 78 30 33 55 61 100 79 98 Of Uncertain Seat & other Diseases 36 27 27 13 39 29 24 30 10 24 Age 35 31 37 64 45 54 74 67 25 29 Violence ... 23 40 30 20 39 29 35 26 19 27 Constitutional 4 10 6 7 10 8 11 21 20 10 Total 864 997 1028 1123 1068 1161 1183 1179 869 871 Of the 871 deaths, 412 were those of males and 459 of females. |
9dd171b0-4289-4c9a-8d50-82b82aec7f56 | 41 Deaths of Those returned from pure old age were 20, two Aged and Young. being males and 27 females—the eldest, as usual being the latter, two of whom reached the age of 99 and 95 years respectively, the next on the list being a male of 90. Reverting to the opposite duration of life, we find 67 existed a few days, 20 a few hours, and eight a few minutes. Social The per-centage of deaths in relation to social Position. position was as follows:— Number. Per Cent. Nobility and Gentry 25 2.30 Professional 22 2.02 Middle and Tradesmen's Class 121 11.12 Labouring 920 84.56 1,088 100.00 Inquests. Enquiries were made on the bodies of 50 males and 29 females—in all 79, being 27 more than those of the previous year. |
1e6d68b1-b53d-4fef-ab3c-1f6e72d8806c | The verdicts were as folows:— From Natural Causes 45 „ Accidental 20 Suicides 8 Murder 3 Neglect 2 Manslaughter 1 79 Of the accidental causes, ten were suffocated, five by falls, three run over, one jammed in a lift, and one poisoned. The suicides were eight, two cut throats, and three by poison, hanging and shooting one each, and one by throwing himself over a balcony. The verdicts of wilful murder were three, all against some persons unknown. Case "A." Male, newly born, found in Altenburg Gardens. Case "B." Female, newly born, found on Clapham. Common. Case "C." Male, newly born, found in Falcon Terrace. 42 Seven infants were suffocated whilst in bed with their parents, the dates and days being— 16th January, Wednesday. 25th February, Monday. 17th March, Sunday. |
9d3792a4-365d-452b-abd9-3df5b939beaa | 10th August, Saturday. 2nd November, Saturday. 24th November, Sunday. 1st December, Sunday. In addition to the above 14 cases of sudden death were submitted to the Coroner who did not deem any enquiry necessary. Natural The births returned as registered in the district Increase. being 2,750, and the deaths as 1,272, the difference would be 1,478, and constitutes the natural increase during the year, which is 132 in excess of the previous. Cases of The number of persons applying and receiving Sickness and Parochial Medical relief have again exceeded those amongst' of the previous year; indeed, ever since the estabUnion poor lishment of the Dispensary in Latchmere Road the cases have regularly year by year increased—in fact have doubled—so that in the past year they have reached the large total of 1,039, which five years ago was but 514. |
df421435-be91-40cf-bf7e-4ca9d62c9173 | What the cause of this accelerated numbers may be, it is impossible to say, but it certainly does not speak well for any improved condition of the poorer classes, though I am bound to say that many of the poorer classes of Chelsea have migrated into this Parish since the demolition of houses on the estate near Chelsea Barracks, and that many of them apply to the Relieving Officer and so increase the numbers. Looking at the cases of Disease, it is pleasing to remark that, in those relating to the Zymotic or Epidemic Class, there has been a decrease, and that the increase has been solely in general complaints. Of the 1,039 treated, 29 died, giving a death rate of 2.8 per cent. 43 The following tabulated form gives the causes and number of deaths in each class:— Return of sickness and causes of death amongst the parish poor during the year 1889, under the treatment of the District Medical Officer for West Battersea, compiled from the medical relief books. |
949f4ab1-5ffc-4c28-81c0-018aba5c267f | ZYMOTIC OR EPIDEMIC DISEASES. Total of Cases and Deaths from all Diseases. Small-Pox. Measles. Scarlatina. Diphtheria. Whooping Cough. Enteric & other Fevers. Erysipelas. Puerperal Fever or Metria. Diarrhoea, Dysentery, or Cholera. Other Zymotic Diseases. Total. Casks — 27 4 4 17 — 7 — 23 1 83 Deaths — 3 — 1 - - - - - - 4 OTHER DISEASES. Diseases of the Tubercular Class. Of Brain, Nerves, &c. Of Heart. Of Respiratory Organs. Of Digestive Organs. Of Kidneys. Premature Birth, Low Vitality, Malformation,&c Age. Violence. All other Diseases. |
5ef67871-4380-4e1d-a051-49cc9094067c | Total. Cases 12 57 12 203 37 5 — 62 39 529 956 1039 Deaths 6 7 2 7 — — — 1 — 1 24 28 Sanitary In the table of sanitary operations for this year, 1889, I have placed in a similar column those of 1888, from which it will be seen that, in almost every item, a large amount of extra work has been carried out by the Inspectors during the present year. In the course of the various inspection of premises, it was found necessary to serve 1,700 first notices 44 for the remedying of defects found in their sanitary arrangements. |
9a5d9c6e-fa85-4d01-bc3b-12a2c25390ce | In most of these cases the notices were complied with, but in 162 it was necessary to serve second notices, which, in all but 16, were complied with; in the latter, it was necessary to apply to the Magistrate for compulsory powers, which, in each case, was granted and enforced, so that it may be said that the 4,035 defects were eventually remedied. As those defects refer principally to the houses in which we live, and on which depends so much the health of the individual, too much importance cannot be attached to their abolition, and any work given to that object, or any expense incurred in its being carried out, is well spent. This is conclusively proved by the improvement of the health of the inhabitants, as shown by the mortality table during the past 10 years, fully set forth in the vital statistics accompanying this report. |
a1cc5fb2-0554-4969-94f7-20d531adc3f1 | The total number of houses and premises inspected during the year was 12,998, or within two of 13,000; this total shows an increase on the previous year of 656, and resulted in the discovery and remedying of 4,035 defects; 132 houses were disinfected and cleansed after infectious disease; 524 were supplied with disinfectants, and no less than in 1,389 cases the sink and waste pipes were altered to discharge over gullies, or syphon traps fixed, thus cutting off any escape of Sewer Gas into the house, and freeing the inhabitants from a serious source of evil. It has but recently been admitted that the Sanitary Authority has the power to compel water to be laid on to closets; of course it goes without saying that this is an absolute necessity, alike for comfort and health, the enforcement of this power has resulted in water being laid on to 1,113 closets; this number is 698 more than those of the previous year. |
080e3208-23d1-4cc5-b4e7-e75ed4ad6b49 | OverThere were twenty-two cases of overcrowding, the crowding. most prominent of which areas follows, and will show under what conditions some persons will live. Case "A." In a basement containing about 1,200 cubic feet a family consisting of the mother and seven children, the two 45 eldest being females 14 and 16 years, were living and sleeping. In addition, a man (not the father) slept with them. Notice was served and complied with. Case "B." A basement room was found to be occupied by a woman, two sons aged 17 and 20 years, two daughters aged 15 and 13 and one younger. Notice was served to relieve the congestion and complied with. Case "C." A room was found to be occupied by a man, his wife, a son aged 20, two daughters 18 and 13 and two younger children. |
a83639d4-0e2d-482c-a4a6-066c811f4bb0 | The room contained 1,586 cubic feet.—Notice to discontinue was at once complied with. Cow and The whole were duly inspected and found to be in Slaughter Houses. good condition. Some cleansing was necessary which on request was readily complied with and no opposition to the licenses was made. BakeHave all undergone the usual inspections. Some Houses. new ones have been built and are in conformity with the Act of 1883. Fat boiling. Complaint was made of offensive effluvia being emitted from a yard at rear of Maysoule Cottages. Inspection was made, when it was found that a trade for the extraction of fat was being carried on without any license. Communication was at once made to the County Council, who rightly refused to grant a license and the factory was at once closed. Articles Articles of food ordered to be destroyed as unfit for destroyed as unlit for human food were:— food. 1 trunk of mackerel (60). |
e3d4c900-aa6e-4ac0-89d6-846df7b36c36 | 1 bag of mussels (about 3 bushels). 250 bad cocoa-nuts. 3 trunks of plaice. 42 fowls. In the latter case of the destruction of fowls the Vendor was summoned and the decision of the presiding Magistrate was so peculiar that for the information of all Vestrymen I deem it worthy of being set forth in this report. The Sanitary Committee took up the matter, and by their representation to the 46 Vestry the whole proceedings were placed before the Home Secretary. Report on Seizure of Putrid Fowls and the Magistrate's Decision thereon. Mr. Richards, the Inspector of Nuisances, reported to the Sanitary Committee that on Saturday night, the 4th May, about 10 o'clock he was present in the York Road, and saw Richard Garlic, of 108, Sheepcote Lane, with a pony and cart, selling fowls, |
b8f15849-ce6f-459a-bc19-6e4560f21074 | that having ascertained that the fowls were putrid, he (the Inspector) endeavoured to seize them but Garlic jumped into the cart and drove away, the Inspector however succeeded in getting into the cart also, when Garlic drove furiously along York Road and Battersea Park Road, towards Culvert Road and back again, down Simpson Street, Henry Street, and Castle Street using threats to the Inspector meanwhile, upon reaching the corner of Althorpe Grove Garlic stopped the pony and the Inspector endeavoured to seize the fowls, Garlic resisting and a large crowd collecting sympathised with him; a policeman then appeared and the Inspector called him and explained the position of affairs and requested him to prevent a breach of the peace. The Inspector having removed about thirty of the fowls from the cart and placed them on the footpath, Garlic in the presence of the Constable thrust the Inspector violently aside and threw the fowls into the cart. |
69adb401-ed8a-44cf-8e65-7b7dc1ddde15 | The Inspector then requested the Constable to arrest Garlic but he refused to do so and went away. Garlic again jumped into the cart and drove off amidst cheers from the crowd. The pony was driven in the direction of Battersea Square, and when opposite the "Raven" public house, Garlic attacked the Inspector and endeavoured to throw him from the cart. After considerable difficulty the Inspector with the assistance of a few of the residents in the locality managed to get the pony and cart to the Stone Yard, and seized forty-two fowls which were submitted to me as the Medical Officer of Health, on the following morning. I declared them to be putrid and totally unfit for human food, and on 47 day the 6th May they were taken to the Magistrate at the Wandsworth Police Court who ordered them to be destroyed. |
3f25579d-dfca-44d4-b353-a3e03323081a | The Committee directed that proceedings be taken against Richard Garlic for offering the fowls for sale, and also for obstructing the Inspector while endeavouring to seize the same ; they also considered the extreme danger to which the Inspector was exposed by the cowardly conduct of the police constable who refused to assist him when called upon to do so, and they directed that a communication be addressed to the local police authorities, with a view to ascertaining the name and number of the constable in question, and for a report upon the subject to be forwarded to the Commissioner of Police for the Metropolis with a request that he would cause an investigation to be made. The Committee commended the Inspector for the courageous manner in which he effected the seizure. |
2ffa22c9-4870-43b9-b822-ec4baa4fee1a | Garlic was summoned before the Magistrate for exposing for sale fowls unfit for the food of man, and for obstructing the Sanitary Inspector in the execution of his duty—both summonses were heard together, and the Solicitor to the Vestry having examined the Inspector, myself, and Mr. Ireland one of the witnesses to the obstruction, the Inspector proved the seizure and unfitness of the fowls for food, as likewise myself. The defendant thereupon called two witnesses; a woman who swore that she had purchased ten fowls for 5s., and a man that he had purchased six for 3s., both these persons swore that the fowls were fit to be eaten, that they had eaten them, and they were perfectly good; upon this evidence the Magistrate expressed his satisfaction that the fowls were fit to be eaten, and dismissed the summons for exposing the fowls, but fined the defendant £1 and 2s. costs in respect of the obstruction. |
54d4a3ad-0258-4cd7-8e73-a228fdce883c | Too much praise cannot be awarded to the Inspector for his conduct in this matter; the opinion he formed of the condition of these fowls as unfit for food, was correct, but it is extremely discomforting to be told, by a verdict given in court, that your evidence is not believed, as to unfitness for food, but 48 only that the defendant had no right to obstruct the Inspector in the performance of his duties. Notification of Infectious Disease. Since the Infectious Disease (Notification) Act came into force, October 30th, 1889, up to December 28th, 1889, the following cases have been notified, viz.:— 56 cases of Scarlet Fever. 56 ,, Diphtheria. 41 „ Erysipelas. 20 „ Typhoid Fever. 1 case of Puerperal Fever. Total number 174 Asylums' Board Hospitals. |
d4b93397-0689-4784-b76d-5285c1e1501b | Infectious Diseases admitted to the Asylums Board's Hospitals during the year were:— Scarlet Fever 49 Enteric Fever 6 Diphtheria 6 61 Mortuary. In all, 140 bodies were received into the Mortuary during the year, six of which were placed therein for Sanitary purposes, and the remainder, 134, removed by the Coroner for the convenience of holding post mortem examinations, who now, in all urgent cases, orders the removal for the operations necessary previous to the enquiry being held. The removal of bodies by the Coroner, as expressed in previous year's reports, has my entire concurrence and should be encouraged, as it saves the Coroner and Jurymen much trouble and the possibility of being brought into actual contact with disease ; further, it has the effect of removing from the house, that which, if delayed must become most objectionable and a danger to health. |
3e8e9918-5041-4461-9eae-f21d7be0e512 | It also enables Medical men to perform their operations under the most favourable conditions and removes all the objections which must exist if such examinations were carried out in a private house. Of the 140 bodies received, 82 were males, and 58 females, 49 The verdicts returned varied from in the case of the adult, of Natural or Accidental Causes of death, to that of the infant, who died of Wilful Murder by some person or persons unknown. The constant rule of the Coroner of ordering the removal of all bodies coming under his notice to the Mortuary, has pressed severely on our accommodation, which indeed at times has not been at all adequate. As an instance of which I would state that five bodies were removed on May 19th to the Mortuary, on which post mortem examinations had to be made. |
34b1a7f0-71a4-4a8a-b9c0-e2457c8f485c | Two medical gentlemen met at the same time, one was using the post mortem table and the other had to use one of the dead house slates on which to perform his operations, without any convenience whatever and in the presence of other corpses in a most offensive and putrid state ; should this necessity occur during the period of an epidemic with infectious bodies lying therein the danger is impossible to estimate. This not only applies to the person who performs his official duties but to the friends and relatives who come to visit the remains of the poor departed, and it is a question which will sooner or later arise, as to the provision of an extra post mortem operating room, and also that of another chamber for the reception of persons dying from dangerous infectious disease, for it must be palpable to anyone, that persons visiting a mortuary in which bodies dying from infectious disease are deposited in one common chamber, that mischief will inevitably arise. |
9704cc74-aa5c-4a64-86a8-dfcafe85aeef | There is, whilst on this subject another matter which should be mentioned on behalf of the Jurymen who have to view the remains before holding an inquest and that is, that a glass sliding window should be placed between the Mortuary proper and the post mortem room, so that the body might be viewed through the window and so prevent actual contact which at times must be very revolting to their feelings. Under the care of the late Mr. Saxby the Mortuary has been well kept and there was no fault to be found at the way he performed his duties therein. Inspection of new House Drains. |
2ffd9757-22e8-4680-aac2-411ac7d04216 | 50 In respect to new house Drains, which only a short time ago were allowed to be laid down without any inspection at all, are now thoroughly examined by the Inspector of Nuisances before being covered up, who sees that they are properly laid, pipes jointed, &c. This will do away with a serious evil which has existed for years past, and so save the tenant who looks about for a house, and finds one neatly done up and in every way pleasing to the eye, falling into one of those death traps from which previously he had no protection ; nothing too detrimental can be said of imperfect drains running through a house, allowing escape of sewer gas with it, it is a very frequent cause of the general malaise, and often times more serious disease, such as diphtheria, typhoid fever, with which one is constantly brought in contact. In proof of the effects of bad drainage the case of one of the recent School Board Buildings may be mentioned. TABLE VII. |
599caf99-a761-43af-ba44-73f03626be46 | Summary of Sanitary Operations in West Battersea during the years 1888 and 1889:— 1888. 1889. Number of Houses and Premises Inspected 12,342 12,998 First Notices Served 995 1,700 Second Notices Served 170 162 Number of Houses Disinfected and Cleansed after Infectious Diseases 185 132 Overcrowding Abated . |
ae010d36-d732-4292-87a7-91703411400d | 5 22 Premises Cleansed and Repaired 101 82 Defective Drains Cleansed and Repaired 482 427 Sink and Waste Pipes altered to Discharge Outside, over Gullies or Syphon Traps Fixed 449 1,389 Water Closets Cleansed or Repaired 44 110 Water Closets, Supply of Water laid on 415 1,113 Urinals Cleansed 7 4 Accumulation of Manure Removed 14 26 Cesspools Abolished 1 3 Dustbins Provided 149 393 Mews and Stables Drained and Paved 13 3 Yards Drained and Paved . |
a09143ab-3a72-4574-8dde-7bb80e1cb838 | 184 Leaky House.roofs and Gutters Repaired 40 74 Houses Supplied with Water 17 5 Cisterns Covered and Repaired 160 200 Houses Supplied with Disinfectants 1,238 524 Proceedings Ordered by Vestry 63 232 Summonses Issued 18 16 Magisterial Order Obtained and Enforced — 16 51 In conclusion I would again remark on the increased length of life in Battersea as compared with 20 years ago, at which period about 24 persons died in every thousand of the population whilst this year the mortality has fallen to 16 per thousand, consequently the average age of our inhabitants attained at the present time must be many years in excess of that period and it is worthy of remark that this year's is not an exceptional one but that the improvement in the health of the people has been gradually progressive. |
7ded4f43-39e3-43dd-be23-3d0cb774401a | It can hardly be expected that such improvement can be continuous, but the Vestry may rest assured that its officers will continue to preserve the same active measures for the suppression of all those nuisances which are calculated to have an injurious effect on the welfare of the people. I have to express my thanks to the Vestry for the support always accorded me, and my satisfaction of the work done by Inspectors Crane and Young, also of Chief Inspector Richards, who with a considerable amount of increased duties has carried them out in a way which has commended itself. JOSEPH OAKMAN, Medical Officer of Health, West Battersea. The Vestry of the Parish of St.mary Battersea THE ANNUAL REPORT OF THE PUBLIC ANALYST appointed for The parish of St. mary, Battersea FOR THE YEAR ENDED 25th MARCH, 1890. BY CHARLES E. CASSAL, F.I.C., F.C.S., Public Analyst. |
450c33f8-664b-40eb-aa95-168448518d0e | 3 VESTERY OFFICES Battersea Rise, S.W., June, 1890. Gentlemen, 1. During the year ended on the 31st March, 1890, one hundred and eight samples of Food have been submitted to me for Analysis, of which one hundred and six were obtained by your Sanitary Inspector, and two (of Milk) were submitted by " private purchasers." Two samples of water which were taken by order of the Sanitary Committee have also been analysed. 2. The foods consisted of 49 samples of milk, 24 of butter, 15 of coffee, 7 of black pepper, 4 of bread, 4 of tea, 3 of flour, 1 of cayenne pepper, and 1 of white pepper. They may be conveniently classified as follows:— Milk Foods (Milk and Butter) 73 — 67.6 per cent. |
269e104f-ee7d-4a6b-9591-d06a095cad65 | Coffee and Tea 19= 17.6 ,, Condiments 9 = 8.3 ,, Cereal & Starchy Foods (Flour and Bread) 7 — 6.5 ,, 108 Taking the population of Battersea (in 1881) as 107,262, the number of samples of all kinds taken in the year is equal to one for every 993 persons. 3. Table I. shows the names and numbers of the samples taken during each quarter, 4 TABLE I. Ist Qr. 2nd Qr. 3rd qr. 4th Qr. Total. Milk 8 .8 15 18 49 Butter 4 11 3 6 24 Coffee 9 . . 6 15 Black Pepper 6 . 1 . 7 Bread . 4 . . 4 Tea . 4 . . 4 Flour . . 3 . 3 Cayenne Pepper . . 1 . |
3f362228-7c36-4e6e-81be-71d9d586339a | 1 White Pepper . . 1 . 1 Total 27 27 24 30 108 . Two samples from " Private Purchasers." 4. Table II. gives the number and names of the genuine, adulterated, and inferior samples of each kind taken during each quarter, with the totals for the year. TABLE II. Quarter. Genuine. Adulterated. Inferior. Total Samples. 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Total. 1St 2nd 3rd 4th Total. 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Total. |
bef04d05-18f0-4e6e-85bd-129dd5702c6e | Milk 6 6 7 3 22 1 .2 7 10 20 1 .. 1 5 7 49 Butter 4 3 3 1 11 .. 8 .. 5 13 .. .. .. .. 24 Coffee 7 .. .. .. 7 2 .. .. 6 8 .. .. .. .. .. 15 Tea .. 3 .. .. 3 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. 1 4 Black Pepper 1 .. 1 .. 2 2 .. .. .. 2 3 .. .. .. 3 7 White Pepper .. .. 1 .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Cayenne Pepper .. .. 1 .. 1 .. .. .. . |
d53e2dc1-823b-45ac-bd9c-a24687f54fae | .. .. .. .. 1 Bread .. 4 .. .. 4 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4 Flour .. .. 3 .. 3 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 Totals 18 16 16 4 54 5 10 7 21 43 4 1 1 5 11 108 . Both from " Private Purchasers." 5. The percentages of Genuine, Adulterated, and Inferior samples given by the figures in Table II. are shown, and are compared with those obtained in the previous year (ended 25th March, 1889) in the following Table (III). 5 TABLE III. 1888.89. 1889.90. Genuine 56.48 5°'° Adulterated 40.74 39.8 Inferior 2.78 IO.2 Number of Samples submitted 108 108 MILK. 49 Samples. |
d1bd7004-9c1d-49c0-9262-f86bbd27588e | 6. In view of the comparatively large number of the samples of Milk, the percentages obtained from the data in Tahle IT. are here compared with those of the nrevious vear. TABLE IV. Percentages—Milk. 1888—89. 1889.90. Genuine 56.0 44.9 Adulterated 39.0 4o.8 Inferior 5.0 14.3 Number of Samples 59 49 7. It will therefore be seen that the Milks of bad quality, including Adulterated and Inferior samples, amounted to 59.2 per cent. of the number taken, as against 44.0 per cent. during 1888.89. 8. Adulterated Milk.—The twenty samples returned in Table II. as "Adulterated" had been tampered with at least to the extent indicated in the following Table (V.) |
f6c45d90-dcae-4784-b940-d892a1ba2db1 | In order to facilitate reference the quarters of the year in which each sample was taken are also given in this Table. Percentage of fat abstracted is calculated upon the amount of fat which should 6 have been present in the particular sample under examination, according to the percentages of other constituents found in it. TABLE V. Percentage of Extraneous Water. Percentage of Fat Abstracted. Number of Samples. Quarter taken. 40 — 1 4th. 25 — 2 3rd and 4th. 22 — 1 3rd. 15 — 1 4th. 14 — 1 3rd. .12 — 1 2nd. 10 — 2 4th. 8 — 1 3rd. 7 — 1 4th. 6 — 1 3rd. 5 — 1 4th. 3 — 2 3rd. and 4th. |
0610d557-c127-4f61-b841-9bed09488188 | ... 50 1 3rd. ... 23. 1 2nd. ... 5 3 1st. and 4th. Total 20 9. Analytical Results.—The results in Table V. were calculated on the lowest admissible limits which were consistent with the Analytical data obtained; a fact which adds considerably to the significance of the figures. With reference to the lesser amounts reported, it should be noted that the percentages are only to be regarded as " small " when compared with the higher ones. Adulteration of Milk to such extents as will result in samples being reported, upon low limits of quality, as containing at least 3 or 5 per cent. of extraneous water or of having had at least 3 or 5 per cent. of the original fat abstracted, is extensively practised. 10. Milk from "Private Purchasers. |
12ce2e10-7614-4835-a6ba-7b018eaed1e4 | "—The two samples of Milk certified as Adulterated during the second quarter and marked with an asterisk (.) in Table V., were submitted for analysis by private purchasers in the parish. 7 The sample with at least 23 per cent. of the original fat abstracted was part of some Milk supplied to a large public establishment. The case would appear to afford another example of the manner in which contracts for the supply of certain foods to such establishments are carried out when, as is generally the case, no real check is kept upon the contractor, by systematic analysis. In some institutions it is the custom to " test " Milk by means of the so.called " Creamometers " or by the " Lactometer." It ought to be more generally known that these instruments give very illusory results, that their use does not constitute Analysis, and that they cannot, therefore, be relied upon in any way. 11. The sample containing at least 12 per cent. |
a3fd6aec-5677-4838-8994-7bfd531f8609 | of water was taken from a can delivered at Clapham Junction Station. No information was received as to any proceedings in these cases. 12. " Private" Samples.—The Sale of Food and Drugs Act, 1875, enables any private purchaser in a district to submit a sample for analysis to the Public Analyst for that district, if the purchaser has conformed with the 12th and 14th Sections of the Act, and has prepaid a nominal sum, viz., 10s. 6d., for such analysis. It is well known that the intention of the Act is thereby to place the services of a Public Analyst—appointed by the Local Authority and receiving a salary from them—within the reach of any " private purchaser," and thus to encourage the public to assist the authority in checking adulteration. The public, however, have availed themselves but little of these privileges. |
11a6f6b1-e0e1-4848-b1fe-df748a2c290c | It has always been found that a much larger proportion of the private than of the official samples were adulterated, one of the main reasons for this being that unless a private purchaser has strong grounds to suspect a vendor, he will not take the trouble to obtain an analysis. Under the Act the result of analysis of "private" samples, obtained as above, are to be included in the quarterly reports of Public Analysts. 13. Standards of Quality.—The composition of milk varies widely ; and in the absence of any legal limits below which 8 the percentages of Total Solid Matter, of Milk.Fat, and of other "proximate" constituents, should not be allowed to fall, it becomes a matter of necessity to calculate upon low standards of quality and to certify to minimum percentages when dealing with such adulterations as the admixture of water or the abstraction of milk.fat. |
9ece6179-49fb-494e-809d-d99b0b8d2017 | The fixing of statutory limits for natural products varying widely in composition undoubtedly presents considerable difficulties, more especially in this country; but it has been done elsewhere, apparently with great benefit. In this country, anything of the kind would involve certain modifications of, and additions to, the existing Law, and would, no doubt, cast further duties upon Inspectors. The difficulties in the way are by no means to be regarded as insuperable. The main one is due to the variability of composition of the milk of individual cows, which is often very considerable. But the mixed milk of herds of cows, such as is used generally for public supply, presents comparatively small variations in composition. 14. Profits of Milk Adulteration.—In the Report of the Local Government Board for 1887 the following remarks are made upon the subject of Milk :—" The ease and the profit of milk adulteration are so considerable that the practice will not be easily suppressed. Assuming that the retailer buys milk at is. |
15ebf72b-3264-4d81-a224-2695d95c020f | a gallon and retails it at 4d. a quart, his legitimate profit is 4d. a gallon ; but by adding one.eighth of water he makes nine pints out of every gallon, and thus his profit of 4d. is increased to 6d., a clear gain of 50 per cent. He can thus afford to pay fines, and go on adulterating." The fallacy of drawing conclusions as to the seriousness of adulteration from what appear to be small percentages has been pointed out in previous Reports to your Vestry. The Board's very apt and simple illustration renders this fallacy still more obvious. 15. "Inferior'' Milk.—The 7 samples returned as "Inferior and probably Adulterated," were of very bad quality ; all of them being exceedingly poor in Fat. |
d4faf341-14e5-47c0-8b20-26fd012507ef | In these cases the Milks had most probably been purposely deprived of some proportion .9 of their Fat, but the amounts left did not admit of the samples being reported as adulterated, having regard to the existing necessity for calculating results upon low standards of quality which has been alluded to above ; but it is altogether misleading to report Milks of this description as " Genuine," and it is important to ascertain, for administrative purposes, where and under what circumstances they were sold. A permanent record of these sales is of much value in the working of the Acts. 16. " Genuine " Mill;. — Of the 22 samples of Milk reported as "genuine," 6 were of good quality, 12 were of fair average quality, and 4 were poor Milks. BUTTER. 24 Samples. 1888.89. 1889.90. Genuine, 37.5 Per Cent. 45.8 Per Cent. |
a56dd43e-edd8-409c-bef9-ac5d5af08909 | Adulterated, 62.5 Per Cent. 54.2 Per Cent. 17. The thirteen samples reported as adulterated were all certified to be Margarine, under the Margarine Act of 1887. They were seized under the provisions of that Act, and each sample consisted chiefly of foreign fat; that is, each sample contained at least 90 per cent. of fat other than the fat of Butter; with one exception ; namely, a sample containing at least 70 per cent. of foreign fat. Under the Act a sample containing any proportion of fat other than butter.fat is to be regarded and certified as " Margarine." 18. The Act defines "Butter" as "the substance usually known as butter, made exclusively from Milk or Cream, or both." |
62685c5b-6759-473a-ae14-828236ca9c98 | The word " Margarine " means "all substances, whether compounds or otherwise, prepared in imitation of Butter, and whether mixed with Butter or not, and no such substance shall be lawfully sold, except under the name of ' Margarine,' and under the conditions set forth in the Act." Any such substance not being marked according to the directions laid down in the Act is to be considered as being consigned, or exposed for sale, as " Butter." 10 19. The statement of a Vendor that he has sold " Margarine or his admission that he has exposed what he believes to be " Margarine " for sale as " Butter " (that is, without a label, or improperly labelled), is not sufficient to justify action, it being necessary that the substance shall be definitely proved to be " Margarine " by the Public Analyst's Certificate. 20. From the Local Government Board's returns it would appear that the adulteration of Butter, and the sale of Butter substitutes as Butter, are very extensively practised. |
da3c3309-095a-4cf4-9bd9-cd3f4e0875dd | COFFEE. 15 Samples. 21. The 8 samples reported as adulterated all contained Chicory in the following proportions at least, viz., 80, 60 (2 samples), 45, 40, 30, 20, and 7 per cent. 22. The 6 first.named samples were bought in Tins, the contents of which were in each case described by the word " Coffee," but the fact of admixture with Chicory was stated also upon the labels. Labelling as a " Mixture " is not to be regarded as a protection to the Vendors of such preparations. When the percentage of the adulterant exceeds a certain limit (to be determined by the discretion of the Magistrate) such a sale constitutes an offence under the 8th Section of the Sale of Food and Drugs Act, 1875. |
e6e45463-7575-4410-92e5-cf070a431d18 | The offence is obvious where the amount of the adulterant exceeds 50 per cent., although this percentage is not to be taken as the limit. Tea. 23. The sample returned as being of inferior quality probably contained some exhausted or inferior leaves, but not in quantity sufficient to constitute adulteration. BLACK PEPPER. 7 Samples. 24. The two samples reported as adulterated contained unduly 11 high proportions of total mineral matter and of silica and sand, viz:— Total Mineral Matter Silica and Sand per cent. per cent. 13.3 77 8.8 3.8 25. Genuine Commercial Black Pepper should not yield more than 5 to 5.5 per cent. of total mineral matter. Any sample yielding more than 7 per cent. is regarded as adulterated. An allowance of 1.5 to 2 per cent. |
5e6273c4-7d1c-4bfe-9c10-fabbd3222cda | is therefore made over and above the amount known to be yielded by Genuine Black Pepper. 26. The three samples reported as "Inferior" contained unduly high proportions of total mineral matter, but having regard to the above.mentioned limits, were not certified as adulterated. 27. As shown by Table II. the samples of Bread, Flour, White Pepper and Cayenne Pepper were all reported as Genuine. 28. Prosecutions were instituted by your Vestry against the vendors in all the more serious cases of adulteration, and in the other cases cautions were addressed to the persons concerned. I have been furnished with a return of the results which were obtained in the cases where legal action was taken, and for the sake of convenience they have been included in my Quarterly Reports to your Vestry, and are now embodied in the following Table (VI.), together with the cases where it was considered sufficient, for the present, to warn the Vendors. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS. |
50c760bf-8355-455c-9e53-ae864146e426 | TABLE VI. Name of Sample Adulteration. Action taken. Result. Remarks. Milk 40 per cent. water Vendor summoned No service Absconded „ 25 „ ... False address, summons not served „ 25 ,, „ Dismissed Case A (see below) „ 22 ,, „ Fined 5/- & 12/6 costs „ 12 „ „ Dismissed Technicality. Cautioned by Bench. „ 14 „ Fined 1/- & 12/6 costs „ 12 „ No action ... Private purchaser „ 10 „ Vendor summoned Dismissed Warranty „ 10 „ „ Dismissed Case B (see below) „ 8 „ — Further sample „ 7 „ Vendor summoned Fined 5/- & 12/6 costs Further sample „ 6 „ - „ 5 „ — ... „ 3 „ — ... Further sample „ 3 „ Vendor cautioned ... ... „ 50 per cent. |
8a4f9ebb-dbe2-4f32-8f9f-00ab34b4d9eb | fat abstracted Vendor summoned Fined 3/- and 2/costs ... „ 23 „ No action ... Private purchaser „ 5 „ Vendor cautioned ... ... „ 5 „ „ ... ... „ 5 „ „ ... ... Butter Margarine Vendor summoned Fined 30/- and 2/costs ... „ „ „ Fined 20/- and 2/costs ...... „ „ „ Fined 20/- and 2/costs ... „ „ „ Fined 7/6 & 12/6 costs ... „ „ „ Fined 7/6 & 12/6 costs ... „ „ „ Fined 10/- & 12/6 costs ... „ „ „ Fined 10/- & 12/6 costs ... „ „ „ Fined 7/6 & 12/6 costs ... „ „ „ Fined 6d. |
e186bb54-6de1-4c0a-beb3-c34c20c9678a | & 11/6 costs ...- „ „ „ Fined 8/6 & 13/6 costs ... „ „ „ Fined 49/6 & 12/6 costs ... „ „ „ Dismissed Case C (see below) „ „ „ „ Case D (see below) Coffee 80 per cent. chicory „ „ ... „ 60 „ „ „ ... „ 60 ,, „ Fined £5 & 12/6 costs ... „ 45 „ No action ... Sold as Mixtures „ 40 „ „ ... „ 30 „ „ ... „ 20 ,, Vendor summoned Fined £2 & 12/6 costs ... 7 „ Vendor cautioned ... ... Black Pepper 13.3 per cent. |
0ac45e12-d15d-40c3-aeb5-270946112129 | mineral matter Vendor summoned Fined 10/- & 12/6 costs ... „ 8.8 „ Vendor cautioned ... ... Casks A & B.—In these cases the summonses were dismissed on the ground that the summons should state that the article had been sold to the " prejudice of the purchaser." Cases C & D.—These cases were dismissed on the ground that the article could not be seen in the shop, and that it was therefore not " exposed for sale." 13 29.. With respect to the prosecution of persons for selling Adulterated Pepper, the admixture of what appears to be a small percentage of refuse with Genuine Pepper may seem to be a trivial offence from the point of view of a single small purchaser. It must be remembered, however, that the Sale of Food and Drugs Act is the only existing check upon those, who, through the channel of certain retail dealers, succeed in disposing of large quantities of valueless material to the detriment of the public generally. 30. |
d2fce2ff-039c-4a58-8f6b-421e618632ce | The Local Government Board recently requested Local Authorities to inform them of the results of any proceedings that may have been taken under the Acts, when forwarding the quarterly reports of their Public Analysts to the Board. The cautionary letters which were addressed by your Vestry to those Vendors against whom, for various reasons, it was not deemed advisable to institute proceedings, cannot have failed to produce a salutary effect. This action, as I understand it, is however, not to be taken to mean that the Vestry will decline to prosecute in all future cases which are similar as regards nature and extent of adulteration. 31. Fines.—In dealing with the fines inflicted, the Local Government Board in their report for 1887 concluded that in over 80 per cent. of the cases taken into Court during that year the average fine was only about £1, and went on to state that '• With magistrates thus lenient, it is not surprising that adulteration continues to a large extent unchecked." 32. |
a0a20573-0936-4cdb-bec1-8556af6769dd | The attention of your Vestry has been frequently called to the inadequacy of the fines inflicted in cases of adulteration. A more severe administration of the law would possibly result if the seriousness of the practice of adulteration was more clearly appreciated. 33. Striking instances of what may certainly be termed merely nominal fines are shewn in Table VI. The very bad cases of Milk and Butter Adulteration where such fines as 6d. and is. were imposed may be specially cited ; but the whole of the cases afford ample justification for the above.quoted remarks of the Board. 14 In the Local Government Board report for 1888 it appears that the average generally was about, but under, 27s. Excluding a comparatively small number of cases where the fines were unusually high, the average was only 18s. GENERAL REMARKS. 34. Samples examined in England and Wales. |
6dc1f6b0-8552-49a7-85b3-96353c9a8569 | —During the year 1888—the last for which the returns have hitherto been received —the total number of samples of all kinds examined by the Public Analysts of England and Wales was 26,344, an increase of about 1,900 upon 1887. This is a large increase when compared with that of 1887 upon 1886 which was only 844. The data in the following table have been obtained from the reports for 1887 and 1888, and show the number of samples of each kind which were examined, and the number reported as adulterated in those years, with a comparison of percentages. The table also contains the percentages of adulteration for the five years 1877.81 and 1882.86. ARTICLES. No. of Samples in 1887. No. of Samples in 1888. Percentage adulterated in. Examined. Adulterated. Examined. |
74b19810-99dd-4f37-8b02-0be5e4d2135a | Adulterated. 1887. 1888. Quinquenniad. 1877.81. 1882.86. Milk 10.333 1.539 10,859 1,292 14.9 11.9 21.1 167 Bread 872 7 689 4 1.9 0.6 66 3.4 Flour 400 . 429 2 . 0.5 25 0.5 Butter 2,411 423 3,499 363 17.5 10.4 13,9 17.9 Coffee 1,269 169 1,172 I4I 13.3 12.0 18.6 17.8 Sugar 158 . 144 . . . 1.2 . Mustard 803 86 793 75 10.7 9.5 17.4 14. |
4765bb8f-3812-4252-bbdc-e89e1dc35546 | 5 Confectionery and Jam 286 19 295 7 6.6 24 28 2.7 Pepper 1,836 202 1,315 101 11.0 77 . . Tea 423 1 461 0.2 . . . Lard 427 25 1,782 299 5.9 16.8 . . Wine 32 2 45 2 6.3 4.4 14.2 4.4 Beer 803 18 399 11 22 27 5.4 3.0 Spirits 2,400 435 2,323 415 18.1 179 34.9 223 Drugs 441 48 383 28 10.9 7.3 22.0 13.6 Other Articles 1.546 150 1.756 96 9.7 5.5 . . Totals 24,440 3, |
9d88a148-d4a2-4a36-bf24-143df3f7c15a | 134 26,344 2,836 12.8 10.8 16.2 13.9 15 35. Lowest percentage.—The lowest percentage of Adulteration yet attained is that of 10.8 in 1888. In 1886 it was 11.9 and in 1887 it rose to 12.8. The improvement has been generally progressive. In 1877, when the results of the Analyses made under the Act of 1875 were for the first time tabulated, the percentage of adulterated samples was ig.2. This was of course a very high percentage, and it must be remembered that at that time the Act was very inadequately applied as compared with the present. 36. Metropolis.—The total number of samples of all kinds taken in the Metropolis in 1888 was 6,922, an increase of 520 upon 1887. |
8c4dd1f5-0d44-4dee-9f60-b7c02f92648e | Of these 761 were adulterated, as against 894 in 1887, giving a percentage of 11.0 for 1888, against 14.0 for 1887. 37. Milk and other Articles.—Although milk is the chief article dealt with, the high percentage of adulteration in other articles is very striking, and would certainly appear to justify the conclusion that these are at least as liable to the practice as milk ; and, it may be added, that the extra profit to those concerned is probably at least as large as in the case of milk, although not so obvious, and not so easy to illustrate. 38. "Private Purchasers."—As explained in another part of this Report, under the provisions of the Sale of Food and Drugs Act, 1875, private purchasers have the privilege of submitting samples for analysis upon payment of a nominal sum. |
de7ab6e4-4075-4acf-b932-03ca2df629f0 | The intention was to encourage the public to assist the authorities in checking adulteration—one of the principles of the old Adulteration Act (1860) having been to leave to private purchasers the duty of taking samples. The fact that the public have availed themselves but very little of the provisions of the Act, is largely due, no doubt, to the unnecessarily cumbrous machinery provided. Of the 24,440 samples analysed during 1887 all but 287 were obtained by officers of Local Authorities. Of the 26,344 samples analysed in 1888, all but 164 were also obtained by such officers, and, as usual, a much larger proportion of the private than of the official samples were found adulterated. 16 WATER (2 Samples.) Nos. |
4040757d-4f69-4b58-918d-37a618d08f57 | 110 and 111 39.—The examination of samples of Water is not included in the duties of Public Analysts, under the Sale of Food and Drugs Act; but as two samples have been examined at the request of the Sanitary Committee during the year, it will no doubt be convenient to record the results in this Report:— Water, No. 110, obtained from a cistern in the Parish, was certified to be a polluted water, totally unfit for drinking purposes. Water, No. 111, which I am informed was obtained from the service-pipe supplying the above mentioned cistern, was certified as fit for drinking purposes. The analytical results in the case of " No. 111," showed that in composition and character it was an average specimen of the water supplied by some of the London Companies. It could be regarded as " sufficiently well-filtered" to admit of its use for drinking, in view of the general standards of quality allowed. |
3e7924a8-2690-477f-a82a-77839b4b3e89 | The effect produced by the storage of the water in a polluted receptacle is clearly shown by the analysis and condemnation of "No. 110." The use of a water thus polluted is unquestionably dangerous to health ; the case is an illustration of the dangers of neglected cisterns, and of the importance of applying the constant supply system. 40. Extension of Public Analysis.—The extension of Public Analysis to other articles besides foods and drugs—although these afford, as it is, a very wide field of work—is urgently necessary. That necessity has of late years been very generally recognised in foreign countries, in some of which the laws against sophistication, using the word in an extended sense, are far more comprehensive and effective than in England. |
003cd3ad-207b-4ccc-b5aa-945d0b510c41 | The Select Committee of 1874, upon whose report the Act of 1875 was based, stated, in effect, that the mere existence of the Acts of 1860 and 1872 had done much good, and that (in 1874) the public were, 17 upon the whole, " cheated rather than poisoned " by adulterators. |
c9368c9b-8bf2-4449-9c10-8ca137c827bf | It is not too much to say, from the experience of Analysts in their private capacities, that at the present time, in regard to numerous articles untouched by public analysis, the public are liable to be poisoned as well as cheated ; not, of course, "poisoned" in the violent sense of the term, except in comparatively rare instances, but injured in health by the habitual use of materials and preparations containing improper and sometimes absolutely dangerous ingredients ; and it appears to me to be the duty of those to whom these facts are known to take every opportunity of impressing them upon public authorities, as well as upon the public at large, with the view of ultimately obtaining satisfactory legislation on the subject. I desire to express my appreciation of the very efficient manner in which Mr. Richards, the Chief Inspector, and the Assistant Inspectors have carried out their duties under the Acts. I have the honour to be, Gentlemen, Your obedient servant, CHARLES E. CASSAL, Public Analyst. |
de7e4def-bb72-4bfd-9233-a2e45347ed7a | 1 APPENDIX No. 6. Acre Street TEgis Grove Arden Street Ascalon Street Battersea Park Road (From Queen's Road, Eastward). Belfour Street Brandon Street (From Acre Street to Boundary of Parish). Ceylon Street Cherwell Street Corunna Road Corunna Place Corunna Terrace Crichton Street Currie Street Uashwood Road Dickens Street Etruria Street Everett Street Foote's Row Froude Street Gladstone Street Gladstone Terrace Gonsalva Road Haines Street Havelock Terrace Haward Street John Street Linford Street Lockington Road Moat Street Montefiore Street Motley Street Motley Place Mundella Road New Road (From Battersea Park Road to Boundary). Nine Elms Lane to boundary of Parish Pagden Street Patmore Street Ponton Road Porson Street Portslade Road Power Street Prince of Wales Road (From Victoria Road, Eastward.) |
321ad6da-c799-4684-a1ad-3b29d8da3b7f | Queen's Road (The portion between Battersea Park Road and London, Brighton and South Coast Railway Arch east side only, and from Railway to Boundary.) Raywood Street Robertson Street East Robertson Street West Ruskin Street St. Andrew Street (From Boundary Northwards.) St. George's Road St. George's Place St. Philip Street Savona Street Savona Place Seldon Street Seymour Street Sheldrick Street Silverthorne Road Sleaford Street Sterndale Road Stewart's Road Stockdale Road Sussex Street Thessaly Square Tidbury Street Tidemore Street Trollope Street Tweed Street Victoria Road (East Side) Victoria Circus William Street Woodgate Street LIST OF STREETS REPAIRABLE BY THE VESTRY at 25TH MARCH 1890. WARD No. 1. WARD No. 2. |
9eb3c317-7176-4fcf-b9da-9d5ef4c7e79c | Abercrombie Street Acanthus Road Afghan Road Albert Road Alexandra Avenue Alfred Street Amies Street Anerley Road Anhalt Road Arliss Road Arthur Street Ashbury Road 2 APPENDIX No. 6—continued. Ward No. 2—continued. Ashurst Street Atherton Road Austin Road Basnett Road Battersea Park Road (From Vicloria Road to Queen's Road and from Bridge Road tu Falcon Road, south side only.) Beaufoy Road Beechmore Road Berkley Street Birley Street Blondel Street Bolan Street Brassey Square Bridge Road (east side) Brougham Street Brynmaer Road Cabul Road Cambridge Road Candahar Road Carlton Grove Carpenter Street Chatham Street Chatham Terrace Culvert Road Doddington Grove Duffield Street Eland Road Elcho Street Elsley Road Este Road Ethelburga Street Eversleigh Road Falcon Grove Falcon Road (east side) Falcon Terrace Forfar Road Foxmore Street Frere Street Gaines Cottages George Street Gideon |
56127b27-eb52-4ce6-825b-d312127f2b6a | Road Glycena Road Grayshott Road Hanbury Road Henley Street Holden Street Howie Street Kassala Road Kennard Street Kerrison Road Kersley Mews Kersley Street Khyber Road Ivilton Street Kingsley Street Knowsley Road Landseer Street Landseer Terrace Latchmere Grove Latchmere Road Latchmere Street Lavender Hill (north side) Lavender Terrace Longhedge Street Lubeck Street Lurline Gardens Meath Street Millgrove Street Morrison Street Nepaul Road Newman Street Orkney Street Oulton Street Palmerston Street Palmerston Terrace Park Grove Park Road Patience Road Pearson Street Petworth Street Peveril Street Pountney Road Poyntz Road Prince of Wales' Road Queen's Road (From Battersea Park Road to London, Brighton & South Coast Railway Arcn west side only.) Radstock Street Rollo Street Rosenau Road Rowena Crescent Russell Street Sabine Road St. |
292ccb17-cfe6-4ab5-937c-474db84f7fb6 | George's Street St James' Grove Sheepcote Lane Shellwood Road Shillington Street Shirley Grove Soudan Road South Street Spencer Street Stainforth Road Tipthorpe Road Tyneham Road Victoria Road (west side) Warriner Gardens Warsill Street Watford Villas Wayford Street West Street Wickersley Road Wycliffe Road 3 APPENDIX No. 6—continued. WARD No. 3. Alfred Place Althorpe Grove Andoe Road Ashton's Buildings Balfern Street Banbury Street Barmore Street Battersea Park Road (From Bridge Road to High Street north side.) Benfield Street Benham Street Bolingbroke Road Bridge Road (west side) Bridge Road West Britannia Place Bullen Street Castle Street Church Lane Church Road Colestown Street Cottage Place Creek Street Crescent Place Currie Road Darien Road Edna Street Emma Street Falcon Road (West side from Railway Northward.) |
d145ede6-d20f-40ce-95c3-dc89fe6357cd | Field Place Ford's Place Frances Street Freeland Street Goulden Street Granfield Street Grant Road Green Lane Gwynne Road Harley Street Hart Street Heaver Road Henning Street Henry Street Hibbert Street High Street Home Road Hope Street Hyde Lane Ingrave Street Inworth Street John Street (east side) Kamballa Road Knox Road Lavender Road Linda Street Lithgow Street Little Europa Place Livingstone Road Lombard Road Lothair Street Mantua Street Maysoule Road Meyrick Road Musjid Road Natal Road Newcomen Road Octavia Street Orbel Street Orville Road Parkham Street Plough Road (From Railway Arch Northward.) Randall Street Sewell Road Simpson Street Somerset Street Speke Road Spicer Street Stanmer Street Stockwood Street Surrey Lane Surrey Lane South Thibet Street Totteridge Road Tritton Street Trott Street Ursula Street Urswicke Road Usk Road (From Railway Arch Northward.) |
4ff4e338-e3fd-4e55-b8f5-b294fb44018a | Verona Street Vicarage Road Wayland Road Wilson Street Winders Road Winstanley Road Wye Street Yelverton Road York Place York Road (From John Street to High Street.) APPENDIX No. 6—continued. WARD No. 4. Abyssinia Road Aliwal Road Almeric Road Althorpe Road Ashness Road Auckland Road Balham Park Road (From St. James's Road to Boundary.) Battersea Rise Beauchamp Road Belleville Road Belle Vue Road Bennerley Road Berber Road Bleisho Road Blenkarne Road Bolingbroke Grove Boutflower Road Brodrick Road (From St. James's Road to Boundary.) |
caa651bc-b530-4c38-b66b-2a63e5395b0e | Broomwood Road Brussels Road Burland Road Cairns Road Chatham Road Chivalry Road Chatto Road Clapham Common Road Clapham Common North Side Cologne Road Comyn Road Darley Road Dent'., Road Dulka Road Eccles Road Eckstein Road Estcourt Road Falcon Road (From Railway Southward, west side only.) Freke Road Garfield Road Gorst Road Gowrie Road Granard Road Grandison Road Green Lane Hafer Road Harbut Road Hauberk Road Honeywell Road, part of Ilminster Gardens Keildon Road Lavender Gardens Lavender Hill (south side) Lavender Sweep Leathwaite Road Limburg Road Lindore Road Louvaine Road Mallinson Road Marmion Road Marney Road Middleton Road Morella Road Mossbury Road Nightingale Lane (north side) Northcote Road North Side, Wandsworth Common (From Boundary Eastward.) Nottingham Road (From St. James's Road to Boundary.) |
f882b03b-5e69-43cc-a2f3-05384751f59a | Oberstein Road Ouseley Road Park Road Parma Crescent Plough Road (From Railway Southward.) Plough Terrace Prested Road Rusham Road Rush-hill Road St. James's Road St. John's Road St. John's Hill St. John's Hill Grove Salcott Road Sangora Road Sarsfeld Road Severus Road Shelgate Road Sisters Avenue Spencer Road Stormont Road Strath Terrace Strathblaine Road Sugden Road Swaby Road Thurleigh Road, part of Trinity Road (From St. James's Road to Boundary.) Usk Road (From Railway Westward.) Vardens Road Wakehurst Road Webb's Road Weston Street Windmill Road (From Boundary Northward.) Wix's Lane 4 1 1 APPENDIX No. 7. 2 STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE OF THE VESTRY BETWEEN THE 2STH MARCH, 1889, AND THE 25TH MARCH, 1890. |
41251111-4aea-404d-9ee3-ea67ddbf1154 | GENERAL RATE. GENERAL RATE. Receipts. £ s. d. Expenditure. £ s. d. Balance brought forward 6,596 18 6 York Paving, Kerbing, &c 2,434 12 8 The Overseers of the Parish of St Mary, Battersea 57,682 7 9 Tar Paving 1.552 3 8 London and South Western Bank, Interest on Account 98 3 3 Manufacturing and Laying Tar Paving 1,827 6 1 Rents, Wayleaves, &c. |
3fe25859-0037-4346-8f3b-c86485186a2b | 79 6 0 Manufacturing and Laying Silica Paving 368 16 11 Contributions towards the cost of repairing and watering roads 126 2 2 Tar Paving and Silica Paving Plant 295 6 0 Broken Granite 2,169 10 6 Removal of Trade Refuse 6 3 6 Gravel and Flints 743 11 1 Depot Account 3.332 3 11 General Plant (New Carts, Tools, &c.) 819 2 1 Loans Account 4,828 17 6 Improvements 1,208 8 10 Cost of Collection of charges upon owners of property before the 25th March, 1888 940 11 6 Construction of Bridge over Railways between St John's Hill and Battersea Rise 4,372 13 0 Ditto from the 25th March, 1888, to 25th March, 1889 177 13 6 Private Works 1, |
f6b87bf1-6f28-44a3-830c-160955600a29 | 923 9 5 Ditto from the 25th March, 1889, to 25th March, 1890 269 14 5 Highways 8,586 4 9 London County Council, Moiety of cost of land required for widening of Plough Road, adjoining the London and South Western Railway 50 0 0 Removal of Snow 19 7 6 Street Name Plates 45 12 3 Maintenance of, and Tar Paving Christchurch Garden 80 10 10 Private Works 2,360 17 5 Disposal of Slop 840 16 0 Sundries 3°5 16 9 Horse Hire and Barge Work 955 7 4 Wharf, Lombard Road 108 10 11 Steam Rollers, Hire and Maintenance 248 3 7 Collection of Dust and House Refuse 3.754 14 10 Disposal of Dust and House Refuse 4, |
4c82e7d7-4811-4463-9c2e-1bf51a1dca6e | 648 6 5 Collection of Fish Offal 17 7 0 Road Watering 2,161 6 2 Erection of Stables and other Buildings at the Dust Depot 2,083 3 10 Disinfectants 103 7 3 Expenses under Sale of Food and Drugs' Act 4 7 11 Registrar's Returns of Mortality 25 8 5 Mortuary Expenses 32 5 3 Fees of Medical Practitioners under Infectious Disease (Notification) Act, 1889 31 5 6 Collection of charges upon owners of Property from the 25th March, 1889, to 25th March, 1890 269 14 5 Horses, &c. Account 102 4 0 Proportion of Establishment Expenses— £ s. d. Addition and Repairs at Surveyor's Office, Bridge Road West 353 16 11 Rent, Rates, Taxes, &c. |
8e47403d-57f6-4c74-8adf-777c292c6969 | 488 14 5 Printing and Stationery 498 6 1 Law & Parliamentary Expenses, Stamps for Contracts 625 4 4 Advertising, Postage and Receipt Stamps 103 2 4 Compensation Claims 55 19 7 Salaries 2,o59 7 10 4,194 11 6 Sundries 155 5 6 Instalment in Repayment of Loan No. 4 125 0 0 5 80 0 0 6 600 0 0 8 150 0 0 9 167 0 0 Interest on Balance of Loan No. |
ef65a309-e9aa-4ccb-b7d6-dcc97103568b | 4 66 14 5 „ 5 130 4 0 „ 6 388 10 0 „ 8 102 7 6 „ „ „ 9 84 11 6 School Board for London (Precept) 24.794 2 7 £72.871 11 5 Balance 3,983 4 9 £76.854 16 2 £76,85416 2 2 3 3 APPENDIX No. 7—continued. 4 STATEMENTS OF RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE OF THE VESTRY BETWEEN THE 25th MARCH, 1889, and the 25th MARCH, 1890. SEWERS RATE. SEWERS RATE. Receipts. Expenditure. £ s. d. |
ac91704e-dd00-48af-8357-67671ab9491c | £ s. d. Balance brought forward 3.3" 17 6 Sewer Construction 1,612 5 0 The Overseers of the Parish of St Mary, Battersea 4,514 2 1 „ Repairs 198 9 1 Loans Account 348 13 8 ,, Cleansing 557 10 4 Private Works 350 4 11 Erecting, Cleansing and Maintaining Urinals 182 11 Private Works ... 359 15 4 Proportion of Establishment Expenses—• £ s. d. Additions and Repairs at Surveyor's Office, Bridge Road West 88 9 3 Rent, Rates, Taxes, &c. 122 3 7 Printing and Stationery 124 11 6 Law and Parliamentary Expenses, Stamps for Contracts, &c. |
b8a292a2-795f-4596-b6ff-549b6f572b1a | 156 6 1 Advertising, Postage and Receipt Stamps 25 15 7 Compensation Claims 13 19 11 Salaries 517 6 11 1,048 12 10 Instalment in repayment of Loan No. 1 833 6 8 „ 2 666 13 4 „3 67 0 0 „7 100 0 0 Interest on balance of Loan No. 1 291 13 4 ,, ,, ,, 2 250 0 0 „3 55 6 11 „7 59 10 0 Balance 2,242 0 5 £8,524 18 2 £8,524 18 2 LIGHTING RATE. LIGHTING RATE. Receipts. Expenditure. Balance brought forward £ 2,481 s. 9 d. 2 Lighting Public Lamps £ s. d. |
ea69b2f7-4827-48b8-af15-29801c2746cd | 6,918 13 11 The Overseers of the Parish of St. Mary, Battersea 7,192 4 1 Additional Lamps, &c. 129 14 5 Sundries 3 4 0 Balance 2,628 8 11 £9,676 17 3 £9,676 17 3 CONSOLIDATED RATE. CONSOLIDATED RATE. Receipts. Expenditure. The Overseers of the Parish of St. Mary, Battersea £6,853 8 7 Balance brought forward £6,853 8 7 4 5 5 6 APPENDIX No. 7—continued. STATEMENTS OF RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE OF THE VESTRY BETWEEN THE 25th MARCH, 1889, AND THE 25th MARCH, 1890. NEW STREETS ACCOUNT. NEW STREETS ACCOUNT. Receipts. Expenditure. |
2793d34c-e936-46a4-980e-4080e1b3193e | £ S. d. £ s. d. Balance brought forward 6,440 15 6 Making up and Paving New Streets 10,564 3 11 Charges upon owners of property under Orders of Apportionment 6,583 17 0 Balance 2,460 8 7 £13,024 12 6 £ 13,024 12 6 LOANS ACCOUNT. LOANS ACCOUNT. Receipts. Expenditure. £ d. £ s. d. Balance 5,177 11 2 The London County Council— Loan No. 4 General Rate 125 0 0 „ 5 80 0 0 „ 6 600 0 0 ,, 8 150 0 0 „ 9 167 0 0 The Atlas Assurance Company— Loan No. 1 Sewers Rate 833 6 8 ,, 2 ,, 666 13 4 The London County Council— Loan No. |
15d792c4-1b81-4226-a14e-35378409371a | 3 Sewers Rate 67 0 0 7 100 0 0 0,789 0 0 Balance 2,388 11 2 £5177 11 2 £5,177 11 2 We the undersigned, being the Auditors elected under the provisions of the Metropolis Local Management Act, 1855, for the Parish of St Mary, Battersea, hereby certify that we have examined and audited the accounts of the Vestry of the said Parish, for the year ended the 25th day of March, 1890, and having compared the same with the vouchers and documents produced tc us. do hereby sign the same in token of our allowance. Dated this 1st day of May, 1890, (Signed) JNO. TOMKINS, CHAS. A. MOORE, JOHN THOMAS REES, JOS. HARWOOD, Elected Auditors. |
8f75c7ec-fec0-4f99-9ac0-156cc209034d | 6 1 1 APPENDIX No. 8 BALANCE SHEET. BALANCE SHEET. 1890. £ s. d. 1890 £ s. d. £ s. d. March 25. To Balance 11,171 11 3 March 25. By Balance— In Clerk's Hands for Wages 142 11 5 New Streets 2,460 8 7 Private Works (General) 1,066 19 5 General Rate 2,773 13 11 Do. |
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