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0bca0620-7dc1-4fc2-8c66-f83892d697ba | M 20 16, Church road β 23 β 4 1.48 ,, ,, ,, ,, 19 E. W. F 14 16, York road β 23 ,, 4 1.73 ,, ,, ,, ,, 20 E. W. F 2 Do. ,, 23 Not vaccinated None β β ,, 21 J. P. M 25 11 Canterbury place β 24 In infancy 1 0.18 sq.in. Not ,, 22 R. H. F 8 158 York road ,, 24 Not vaccinated None β β ,, 23 H W. M 26 8, Linda street ,, 27 In... |
86a85b82-9754-4e61-b894-2f52b77305b0 | β ,, 25 B. G. M 15 weeks 45 Surrey lane June 5 June 3, 1893 None β β Died 26 M. V. F 23 Relief Station,Latchmererd ,, 6 In infancy 4 0.68 sq. in. Not Recovered 24 25 small pox cases admitted to the Metrpolitan Asylums Board's Hospital Ships at Long Reach from Battersea, During the Year 1893. No Name. Sex Age. Address. ... |
52d6e208-5ca1-4e5d-a300-b24e5f221b5f | M 31 126, Maysoule road β 10 β 1 0.42 β β β β 30 M. D. F 25 3, Corunna terrace β 22 β 2 Indistinct β β 31 C. D. F 45 43, Surrey lane β 24 β 1 0.23 sq,in, β β 32 M. B. F 29 156, York road β 26 β 3 0.46 β β β β 33 R. R. M 19 36, Woodgate street β 26 β 3 1.41 β β β β 34 A. B. F 20 22 , Acre street β 30 ,, 2 1.58 β β β β 3... |
da1435ef-1db3-4abe-a4e8-5a628896af92 | F 29 31, Sterndale road β 4 In infancy 3 0.36 sq,in, Not Recovered 37 M. I. T. F 1 Do β 4 Not vaccinated None - - Died 38 J.P. R. P. F 17 13, John street β 4 In fancy 4 Indistinct Not Recovered 39 R. T. M 31 31, Sterndale road β 5 β 2 0.27 sq. in, β β 40 D. W. F 9 m'ths 23 β β 5 Not vaccinated None - - Died 41 E. T. F ... |
88fefa6b-0fdf-4059-9a6b-63c78a782ef4 | in, Not Recovered 42 E. T. F 1 month β β β 6 Vaccinated 6/7/93 - - - Developed July 10, Died 43 A. F. F 10 16, Acre street β 7 Not vaccinated None β Not Died 44 J. H. S. M 16 38, Dashwood road β 7 In infancy 3 0.54 sq. |
ca69bded-ab4c-47bb-ba4d-4d58caf0bf4b | in, Not known Recovered 45 A. S. F IA 12, Etruria street β 8 β 5 1.11 β β Not β 46 J. M. M 36 1 β 9 β 3 1.39 β β 1881, successfully β 47 w. w. M 17 18, John street β 10 β 3 0.64 β β Not β 48 A. W. M 3 Do β 10 Not vaccinated None - - Died 49 R. W. M 21 23, Sterndale road β 11 In infancy 2 1.18 sq. in, Not Recovered 50 S... |
0ba5b7b1-c1f0-4525-a27d-aa8cd8005577 | 11th July,/93 Developed Devel Small pox 1 16th July β 53 E. F. F 39 2, Rollo street July 17 In infancy 1 Indefinite Not Recovered 54 W. T. M 21 53, Beaufoy road β17 β 4 0.80 sq. in, Unrecorded β 55 A. T. F 18 27, Arthur street β17 β 3 0.77 β β Not β 56 J. l. M 14 37, Rollo street β18 Not None - - β 57 E. M. M 21 5, Gla... |
e478780e-864a-4bcf-977a-31500d1dfcf8 | M 18 26, Alfred street β19 Not None Not β 59 T. C. M 11 18, Arthur street β19 β β - - β 60 A. B. M 22 88, Stewarts road β20 In infancy 3 about 0.92 Not β 61 A. P. M 1 9, Lockington road β20 Not None - β β 62 M. D. F 29 20, Etruria street β20 In infancy 4 2.38 sq. in, β β 63 A. C. M 8 23, Sterndale road β22 β None - β β... |
66cda97b-c461-4c09-b6e9-195d080cf4c0 | M 19 123, Stewarts road β 23 β 2 1.04 β β Unrecorded β 66 A. D. M 15 55, Wycliffe road β 23 β obscured by rush Not Died 67 A. W. F 7 18, Arthur street Aug.3 β None - β Recovered 68 M.A.D. F 35 65, Kilton street β4 β 6 1.85 sq. in, - β 69 E. C. F 48 28, Montefiore street β8 β 1 0.10 β β Unrecorded β 70 E. R. F 11 m'ths ... |
99ddc15c-bc80-46d9-8986-01022c6f46f1 | in, β β 72 E. R. F 39 66, Gonsalva road β16 β 3 0.38 β β - β 73 H. H. M 30 28, Montefiore street β21 β 4 about 1.82 Unrecorded β 74 E. L. F 17 35, Chesney street β 23 β 4 1.99 sq. in, Not β 75 T. W. M 34 22, Colestown street Sep. 7 β 2 0.35 β β β β 76 C.P. F 21 Do. β22 β 4 0.69 β β β β 77 R. B. M 3 22. Atherton street ... |
fa5bb36e-8cad-418f-8a07-42f9dbcaaebf | Atherton street Oct. 6 In infancy 1 0.90 sq. in, Not β 80 A. W. F 3 8, Granfield street β 9 Vac. Sep. 27,1893 3 scabs (not previously vaccinated) Died Rash a'p'red Oct.7 81 W. A. M 1Β½ 18, Bullen street β 31 Not None - Recovered 82 W. C. M 39 16, Hafer road Not. 11 - - - - Not small pox 26 Scarlet Fever. The large numbe... |
26c464be-fed9-44c9-925e-7dfcabde4344 | The simultaneous outbreak of this disease in every quarter of the Metropolis caused the Metropolitan Asylums Board's hospital accommodation to be over-taxed, and many cases were greatly delayed in admission, with the result that the retention of those suffering from scarlet fever in homes where there was insufficient o... |
9a233467-7296-4fab-98e2-55eff5ee3321 | Diphtheria seems during the last few years to have become endemic in London and other large towns, in spite of the endeavours of the sanitary authorities to improve the general conditions of their respective districts. The last few years have been characterised by prolonged periods of dry weather, and to this may perha... |
82116b38-74c7-4199-97ec-d38d33c0a9ad | of fatal diseases of the infectious Diseases. class given herewith shews that five hundred and sixty-four deaths arose therefrom. But one hundred and twentyone deaths arose from the principal notifiable diseases, scarlet fever, diphtheria and enteric fever, out of a total of two thousand, seven hundred and ninety-eight... |
58c34ae1-1ad6-489d-9aa2-f57a805ffddd | 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 Small-Pox 5 2 β β Measles 77 134 112 70 82 87 104 159 37 90 90 Scarlet Fever 43 31 8 14 68 25 12 10 10 15 17 Diphtheria 8 18 10 9 23 22 21 27 35 28 90 Enteric, &c. |
01bfc058-c793-468b-a926-6f186618e8d6 | Fevers 26 45 18 23 17 13 15 21 19 8 14 Whooping Cough 99 106 121 104 112 119 81 146 104 100 115 Epidemic DiarrhΕa 115 178 126 152 175 75 112 121 104 99 120 Other Zymotic Diseases 1 51 35 26 25 22 21 59 89 133 118 Total Deaths from Zymotic Diseases 369 568 432 398 502 363 366 543 398 473 564 Zymotic Death Rate 3.2 4.6 3... |
f81275cf-e571-4edb-9201-4b3c1e31f11d | 7 15.6 19.3 17.2 17.2 17.4 28 Table XIII. Comparative Table of all non-zymotic causes of Deaths during the past 11 years. 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890|1891 1892 1893 Tubercular, including Phthisis 430 479 420 439 367 342 334 320 285 237 355 Of Brain, Nerves, Ac. 287 298 282 289 280 223 212 261 195 259 213 Of... |
bde19a1e-9648-4a27-8ade-64849910c1bc | 129 148 159 159 128 113 108 148 141 183 159 Of the Respiratory Organs,excluding Phthisis 566 489 630 584 528 474 391 618 572 635 653 Of Digestive Organs 110 85 88 96 86 113 100 118 122 112 127 Of Uriuary Organs 48 34 46 31 53 24 39 34 49 72 60 Of Organs of Generation 20 16 23 14 19 6 14 15 16 15 14 Of Joints, Bones, &c... |
23c9d33c-0375-4b16-8f9a-5da5bc1c1490 | 104 149 137 175 202 175 205 206 238 256 295 Of Uncertain Seat Cancer, Syphilis, Dropsy, &c. |
94f5f79a-dddf-41f2-a4f2-239dec8d4b45 | 75 91 105 106 105 79 96 70 89 233 130 Age 85 64 76 99 88 57 52 71 74 122 103 Violence 44 57 61 63 63 5o 60 77 60 81 102 Constitutional 24 9 4 5 β β β β 2 12 23 Total 1941 1935 2039 2080 1949 1671 1614 1942 1850 2219 2237 Table XIII., Non-zymotic deaths.βThe mortality from these diseases does not materially vary from ye... |
01ac833c-010c-4d21-87c9-8642d4b62e80 | Phthisis and the other tubercular diseases are found to diminish in proportion to better sanitary conditions; a glance at the table will shew a progressive diminution in the number of fatal cases in a population which has increased 43 per cent. in the period included in the table. Respiratory diseases shew a high morta... |
e383ceff-60aa-4d40-9a81-8aee638f2c3a | Thirty-nine of these were cases in which he decided that no further inquiry was necessary, and they are marked in the Registrar's Returns as βsubmitted to Coroner,β which is considered sufficient to authorise registration.β In the other 237 cases inquests were held with the following results, as given in the verdicts o... |
7b7e117e-4199-4369-90c7-73438e7b0c80 | 19 Poisoning 2 Want of attention at birth 4 Stabbing 1 β 79 From Homicidal Causes:β SuicideβHanging 3 Drowning 3 Cut Throat 1 β 7 MurderβSuffocation 1 Fractured Skull 1 β 2 Found Dead:β Drowned 9 Knocked down by trains 4 Fracture 1 - 14 Total 237 30 Eighteen deaths were due to suffocation whilst in bed with parents, th... |
fd52810f-3880-42ef-8988-cdd5db951649 | 10th β Sunday. 20th β Thursday. 17th β Sunday. Differently arranged, the following table shews the incidence of these cases on the several days of the week. It must be remembered that the day given is invariably that of the early morning during which the child is found dead :β no. of cases. Sunday 10 Monday 3 Tuesday 1... |
44622ecf-703d-4e86-8eb9-fec97af5130a | Nobility and Gentry 25 0.9 Professional Class 15 0.5 Middle and Trading Classes 88 3.2 Industrial and Labouring Classes 2,673 95.4 2,801 1oo.o 31 This table shews that the industrial classes form the great majority of the inhabitants of Battersea, the other classes, with the exception of the first, of whom the majority... |
17b557b3-d875-4b4b-b458-cce59b60fb92 | No Commissioner was in any way connected with either of the London Water Companies, and Mr. Mansergh is the Engineer who is now bringing water to Birmingham from Wales, while Mr. Hill is supplying Manchester from Thirlmere. The witnesses examined include nearly one hundred of the leading sanitarians and engineers, toge... |
931871b2-8c6f-4932-b12e-af51abd6f2e7 | They find, as the Companies always maintained, that " the water as 32 supplied to the consumer in London is of a very high standard of excellence and of purity, and that it is suitable in quality for all household purposes," and also that the Thames and Lea Valleys may, without prejudice to the claims or material injur... |
59365d20-a3b6-462d-9edb-8669277a54ad | This will be welcome reading alike to water drinkers and to those whose business it is, or may become, to supply water; and the forty-five sittings which have enabled the Commission with confidence and authority, to give it as their unanimous opinion, must be regarded as the best service that has been rendered to the L... |
1383ae92-f262-4d41-a5d7-d744ff681553 | It would be going beyond the duty of useful criticism to discuss some of the interesting scientific, though minor, points upon which the Commissioners adopted views adverse to those of some of the distinguished witnesses who appeared 33 before them. There are, however, in the enquiry two points? which rather hang upon ... |
f1e8a508-0b6c-43a6-967d-e9ca4a9b6fc2 | Peregrine Birch's proposal to take vast quantities more of this water when needed, and with the antidote Mr. More suggested, in the interests of navigation, in case another 100,000,000 gallons should be required from the river in the driest times. They say: β "The trouble resulting from additional abstraction, if any, ... |
d246e6dd-4ded-4eca-a3db-eb983fa03714 | But strong local objections would probably be raised against such a scheme and we do not intend to recommend it, as the sequel of our report will shew.β Mr. More's suggestion was that a lake of 25 acres be excavated in the Old Deer Park at Richmond to hold 8 feet of tidal water between high and low water marks; that th... |
88df5f53-c067-4763-a0da-aa77f0bfdde2 | Birch told the Commission, the same result could be effected by the manipulation of the weirs; but they venture to predict that, whoever in future may own the London water works, the time will never come for passing on the best of the water by means of works including 1,200 acres of special reservoirs, although the 400... |
d51c6dd1-e5ff-42a0-bf19-d7c5d4453517 | Odling, Frofessor Crookes, Professor Ray Lankester, Dr. P. F. Frankland and others, is most satisfactory ; and no evidence submitted as to impurity could stand the test of the investigations and inquiries of the Commissioners. In their report, however, they very properly advise that further efforts shall be made to kee... |
88da35e4-a805-4de6-b00e-e1ec3c46269b | the present sources of supply of these Companies are adequate in quantity and quality, and, if inadequate, whether such supply as may be required can be obtained within the watersheds referred to, having due regard to the claims of the districts outside the Metropolis but within those watersheds, or will have to be obt... |
e00ba1c0-8590-4405-9dde-c3b0b1f7c75a | They also invited the Boards of Conservators of the Thames and Lea, and all the Urban and Rural Sanitary Authorities whose districts are wholly or partially situated within the watersheds of those Rivers, and all the Water Companies and Public Authorities who have waterworks in the same area to give them any informatio... |
5540f455-5695-413a-8dbb-b601fbe1b91d | R. E. Middleton, M. Inst., C.E. was appointed. The inquiry, as far as possible, was conducted in two divisions, the first of which comprised all the particular evidence as to the individual circumstances of the Water Companies at the present time, and the anticipations of the future which might be based upon them. |
8e447a0b-2b06-40b1-b355-c19811e7dae3 | Under this division was taken the evidence of the Metropolitan Water Companies as to the quantity of water which they were daily supplying per head of the population, the sources at their command to meet that supply, and the grounds upon which, in their opinions, future demands ought to be based; the evidence of the Of... |
c9fa60cd-e1dc-496f-9f33-ca097198b406 | Nearly the whole of this division of the evidence was taken before the end of July, 1892; and the sittings of the Commissioners from the month of October of that year were mainly devoted to the second division of evidence, which included the general evidence of engineers, geologists, chemists, bacteriologists bearing u... |
3bee16ba-765f-4ed5-bf9f-ffd0bbf5542f | In the evidence given before the Commission the area within Greater London and outside the County of London was called the βOuter Ring,β and it is within this area that at present the most rapid increase of population appears to be taking place. The areas supplied form together a district which is usually spoken of as ... |
61939234-4703-43c1-bfb9-fa1d97004221 | In turning to the future requirements of this ever-increasing population, the first question that presented itself for discussion was what area ought to be taken into account; and it soon became apparent that neither Registration London nor the London of the County Council, nor even Water London, was sufficiently exten... |
f7d9b45a-3785-40a9-828b-fd5ae99f8cb3 | Taking, however, 38 the average annual increase per cent, in the whole period as a basis, they think it may safely be computed that the population of Greater London will continue to increase at the rate of 18.2 per cent, decennially, or in the ratio of 1.82 per cent, annually. The report sets out at length a table show... |
5ef59f9f-103b-4ab4-b7c8-05a190112189 | Taking the population estimated by them as being actually supplied, the quantities consumed per head per day range from 26.71 gallons in the case of the West Middlesex Company to 47.72 gallons in that of the Grand Junction Company; the average over the whole of the population being 31.19 gallons per head per day. The r... |
695d3a2a-a51d-4eb3-baa0-e9308c01e5ca | Turning to the question of the βnecessities of the future,β the Commissioners set out in the report the views of the several Companies, who adopted the same term, viz., 40 years, as the period for which it is desirable to look forward. The following table gives the figures laid before the Commission by each Company as ... |
0c80b0d7-b613-48ce-9fed-06926b0e91a1 | 000 Grand Junction 584,969 42.0 24,500,000 24,500,000 Lambeth 1,136,441 25.0 28,411,025 30,500,000 Southwark & Vauxhal 1,215,457 25.0 30.386,425 41,000,000 Kent 900,000 30.0 27,000,000 29,000,000 Total 8,526,054 29.73 253,529,686 294,000,000 * Deducting 330,000 gallons of unfiltered water from Hampstead Ponds. The sugg... |
3638c1f8-b5c6-4bcc-9cb1-2cdb8b097ae3 | (3) The abstract of water from gravel beds adjoining the Thames. (4) The abstraction of more water from deep wells in the chalk formation. The report next proceeds to deal with the several suggestions which were laid before the Commissioners as to the construction of large storage reservoirs. Of the schemes submitted t... |
658eff81-b65c-4a74-b8b4-54e05755fdea | By this combined process of sinking and raising a depth of 40 40 feet would he obtained; the digging being entirely in gravel, which overlies the clay to a depth of from 20 to 30 feet. The advantage rightfully claimed for this scheme was that it could be carried out by instalments, as might be from time to time require... |
22eb232c-473e-417e-91b2-f5adcd909a9c | The report next deals with the objections which have been raised to the proposals of the Companies in regard to increasing the draught upon the Thames, the Lea and the chalk formation for the purpose of meeting further demands; and the conclusions arrived at by the Commission are stated as follows: "From the River Tham... |
409b87ef-1bd1-40ce-8396-c71091f1d312 | Binnie have made new and independent admeasurements, and compute this area respectively at 3,766 and 3,789 square miles; and Mr. More (being Engineer of the Thames Conservancy) may be assumed to 41 possess the fullest acquaintance with the watershed, we propose to adopt his figures. From Mr. Topley we accept 3,548 squa... |
d431a13f-ffa3-4ad1-96e7-6dcdd1ab56c4 | But this quantity is subject to some correction, for we found on investigating the details of the gauging atrangements at Teddington that it was desirable to check the results by simultaneous measurements at Molesey and Sunbury Weirs, and having entrusted this work to Mr. Middleton and considered his report we accept h... |
e709a754-a3b0-4768-a31a-f2e1f51ef30a | Volume ot Discharge at Teddington Weir as guaged by the ThamesConservancy Total flow of River Thames Col. 2 x Col. 3. Average Annual rainfall on Thames Basin above intakes of the Water Companies. Gallons. Gallons. Gallons. Inches. 1883 26,197,000.000 659,657,000,000 685,584,000,000 28.41 1884 29,946,000,000 330,648,000... |
d0bbd38a-0a92-4ee7-ae0d-a13164fcefb4 | 450,000,000 21.32 1888 30,280,000,000 427,656,000,000 457,936,000,000 28.45 1889 31,419,000,000 437,059,000,000 468,478,000,000 25.64 1890 32,876,000,000 261,916,000,000 294,792,000,000 22.81 1891 35,185,000,000 472,228,000,000 507,413,000,000 33.31 Total 278,061,000,000 3,923,376,000,000 4,201,437,000,000 243.06 Avera... |
d1d1aa0b-c41f-4809-9417-a72dadad78f8 | 01 inches as compared with 28.50 inches which Mr. 42 Symons gives as the mean fall of a long term upon the watershed. We therefore increase the daily volume to 1,437,747,750 gallons, raising it in the ratio of 27.01 to 28-50 inches. This quantity must, however, be reduced in the proportion of the area above Teddington,... |
f6836214-c477-4a09-ba69-26b977223176 | The average daily discharge of three consecutive dry years we estimate at 1,120,000,000 gallons, and of the driest year at 900,000,000 gallons. "These being the facts, we are of opinion that, by the construction in the neighbourhood of Staines, of reservoirs of adequate capacity, into which water shall be pumped and st... |
0b3db5ef-c588-4c40-a086-2dac89778950 | βFrom the River Lea.βThe available drainage area of the Lea above the lower intake of the East London Company is stated by Mr. Bryan to be 460 square miles; and the mean rainfall upon it is stated by Mr. Symons to be 26 inches. No gaugings of the discharge has ever been made at or below the intakes; but they have been ... |
53a702a0-def9-4f23-babe-c8fdd6f6b290 | Of this the New River Company draw 22,500,000 gallons direct from the River above Ware; and the East London Company have at times taken 37,000,000 gallons. Dealing with the River as a whole, this abstraction is, in our opinion, too great with the storage now in existance; but if other reservoirs were constructed, adequ... |
c650a1c6-205f-437c-81ff-48b07cf514cb | "From the Chalk on the South Side of the Thames.β From the existing wells of the Kent Company, and others which may be sunk within their district, we think that 27,500,000 gallons a day may safely be taken. From the tract of chalk coantry in the valley of the Med way and larger area farther eas!"ward to the coast, a ve... |
3263ef79-b744-488d-91a1-a27892752c4b | βThe summary of the several quantities above stated is as follows :βFrom the River Thames, 300,000,000 gallons per day; from the River Lea, 52,500,000 gallons; from wells in the Lea Valley, 40,000,000 gallons; from wells in the, 'Kent Company's 44 district, 27,500,000 gallonsβtotal 420,000,000 gallons, sufficient, at 3... |
0e9dcc8f-c755-41ff-8aea-584651d7d587 | Binnie's evidence was to the effect that the supply that could be drawn from the Thames and the Lea was wholly insufficient to meet the future wants of Greater London; and he stated that, in his opinion, deeper storage reservoirs in the Thames Valley were impracticable, and, further, that any large increase in quantity... |
645f7e6f-6020-4754-8ead-b6e4446ce552 | The Commissioners' recommendations and conclusions are given here and on the succeeding pages. Recommendations as to the Prevention of Pollution. In order to preserve the wholesomeness of the water as delivered to the consumer, and in order further to meet the not unnatural sentiment against drinking water which, thoug... |
79595453-950b-4d0e-87fc-90d74c5c58ee | The London County Council engage three Medical Officers of Health to inspect personally the whole course of the Thames and Lea and their tributaries, and to report in detail as to all sources of pollution they might detect. These three gentlemen appeared before us as witnesses, and handed in complete lists of the pollu... |
ebd45ec1-83bf-4227-85d0-c2028c83ac37 | I do not think it has been put in force in many instances.β Some advances, however, have been made during the past 25 years in the construction of sewage works in the valleys of the Thames and Lea. Where such works have been constructed on an efficient system the sewage can be so effectually dealt with at all times, ex... |
0b770b7f-3750-4632-8acd-ee5e830719c1 | In the Thames Basin not only the River Conservancy, but the County Councils and the Sanitary Authorities have the power of putting the Rivers Pollution Prevention Act into operation. The Sanitary Authorities, however, speaking generally, do not appear to consider such action to be any part of their duty, unless the pol... |
008d6b52-94cc-4fc0-8b0f-bff563fb6ad3 | and that you may rely that Surrey will take up that work, and that it will have the full support, certainly of Middlesex and London, and probably of every County Council in the district, in keeping the river as pure as it is no.v, and I should hope much purer.β It appears that in the Lea Valley the only body upon which... |
9d14287b-437b-4ca9-9caf-2a44b6ea40f7 | Secondly, it is evident that no really satisfactory supervision can be exercised over several hundreds of miles of waterway without a considerable staff of inspectors; and the staff which the Conservancy at present maintains, which consists of two Chief Inspectors, two Assistant Inspectors and four River Keepers, appea... |
225fe110-6ca3-4f81-944c-6fa0d8e57d09 | Still, even under these, it appears that, when a pollution has been discovered, twelve months' notice must be given before any further steps can be taken, and that even then the difficulties and delays are by no means exhausted. |
acc5ef9f-6d26-4483-865a-1ce8187f19e5 | Such abatements of pollution as the Conservancy have been able to obtain have been rather by gentle persuasion than by legal proceedings; but βthey believe that, if the Acts were simplified, and the action of them made more expeditious, they could entirely stop the pollutions throughout the whole district.β In this exp... |
89732f7a-67fa-44cc-8ead-c101c4317f69 | And though in the above remarks we have specially referred to the Thames, we intend our recommendations to apply equally to the Lea and its tributaries. Reference is made to the sewage of Hertford, and to the state of Manifold Ditch, in the evidence of Major Lamorock Flower and Mr. W. C. Young, of Messrs. Longmore, U. ... |
aba9f37e-2aa7-4dc8-ab78-ba3194cf76fd | Our attention has been called to the traffic in gas lime, manure, and town refuse which exists upon the Lea, as far, at any rate, as Hertford. Large heaps of such matter are placed on the edges of the hanks and within a few feet of the stream itself. It is obvious that, in times of rain and flood, they become a source ... |
ec1a4031-bce6-4bf3-bbac-db1a14ae2e10 | For the water that flows down to the intakes must be subjected to certain important 49 processes before it is brought into a suitable condition for delivery and consumption. These processes consists of subsidence and filtration ; and the quality of the water when delivered depends largely upon the thoroughness with whi... |
59eca2a6-87ac-4af0-8aae-744fe77f9947 | Regulations on these matters should be drawn up after competent enquiry, and adherence to these regulations should be strictly enforced. This enforcement should be entrusted to the Public Water Examiner, who should have the legal right of entry into all the water-works, and the duty of reporting periodically as to the ... |
b3ef6f7b-34fc-4a93-a394-4ab5fd98d052 | We are well aware that a certain prejudice exists against the use of drinking water derived from the Thames and 50 the Lea, because these rivers are liable to pollution, however perfect the subsequent purification, either by natural or artificial means, may be. But, having regard to the experience of London during the ... |
47c13991-405b-4ed6-a874-74256903609a | We are of opinion that an average daily supply of 40,000,000 gallons can be obtained from wells and springs in the chalk of the Lea Valley without affecting any material interests, but that, if this quantity be exceeded, it is probable that the springs and wells in the parts of the Valley immediately adjacent to the we... |
9c3f265b-d887-4693-a6c0-a15e13944c00 | The great difficulty which we have had to encounter has been in getting accurate and reliable information as to the actual 51 effect of the operations now carried on. The importance of procuring this will increase each year as the limit of what can be taken from any district with safety is gradually being reached. From... |
a1205e63-ff80-4337-bbd8-89622ba9c7a8 | It will thus be seen that, when 300,000,000 gallons are taken, there will be left to flow down into the tidal portion of the river an average daily quantity of not less than 1,000,000,000 ; and we think that regulations could be framed under which the quantity we suggest could be taken, not only without reducing the fl... |
d76e72d3-e2eb-48d1-959d-ac91aa66f9bd | From the sources and by the methods we have mentioned, a daily supply of 424,000,000 gallons can, in our opinion, be obtained. This is a sufficient quantity to supply 35 gallons per head to a population of 12,000,000 persons, which is about three-quarters of a million in excess of what the total population of Greater L... |
420187fe-e4a4-421e-b8e0-a637a7267ae6 | The water Committee of the County Council issued a memorandum by its Chairman and a series of reports by the principal officers of the Council on the report of the Royal Commission on the Metropolitan Water Supply by which it will be seen that the conclusions of the Royal Commission are controverted to a certain extent... |
896b3e24-3e8c-4c3b-aabc-fdcc43f57150 | But this never entered into the reference to the Commission, and in considering their report it has constantly to be borne in mind that whatever they say in support of the prospective sufficiency (for forty years only) of the watersheds of the Thames and Lea has no bearing on the real question whether new gathering gro... |
7a279523-60b9-4abe-a805-0fa8a8ab6b8e | In regard to this, one has to bear in mind the long time which is required for the execution of the vast works necessary in large water schemes, and Mr. Binnie, the Council's chief engineer, says plainly that the people of London, "will, at some not very distant date (probably twenty years hence) have to contemplate th... |
d54b4061-c800-41f4-9533-ba760afd47ef | James Mansergh, the engineer to the scheme, indicating that he calculated his supply for some sixty-four years, and on that basis laid out the works which the Corporation of Birmingham are now carrying out. The Effect of Dry Seasons. Mr. Binnie shows in a striking way the difference between averages and actualities in ... |
fca1bdf1-16ae-49d0-b65d-2e31d6ef0828 | There is a good deal of common sense in some of the remarks in the reports about the safety, or otherwise, of polluted waters. Mr. Binnie draws attention to the fact that " the Royal Commissioners received, although they do not quote it, some very strong evidence from one of the highest authorities, namely, Sir G. Buch... |
b0e4fc28-731f-4606-8186-eaede7a30bcf | In face of such evidence from such an authority we turn with interest to the paragraphs in Mr. Binnie's report summarising the pollutions of the Thames water, which the Commission thinks good enough for London. It seems that at the census of 1891 there was a population of 1,056,415 persons draining into the river above... |
58ffb5f8-2060-4326-88d8-30347ce3f7a0 | To show what is likely to happen in the future, it is mentioned that in the present session of Parliament " the authorities of Swindon and Tilehurst, Pangbourne and district are applying for further water powers. What must be the result ? They will either pump from wells or the River comparatively clean water which now... |
cbf2099e-e3db-4697-9e02-1eac032c7731 | Under present circumstances, a serious epidemic of typhoid or cholera in the Thames basin above the intakes, would be attended with great risk to the water drinkers of London. Such experiments should not be tried upon large communities." It would appear, then, that while Edinburgh, Glasgow, Liverpool, Manchester, and B... |
3732ba43-e7c2-4c11-ad9c-2dc63ab7a552 | Speaking of the Trent, a member of the Royal Commission says : " It is a river that flows through an enormous tract of agricultural country, producing water which nowadays one would not think of supplying." And yet poor London would be thankful if the Thames did but drain only an agricultural district; unfortunately th... |
8f6f699b-3b73-48b0-956c-c1477b0679ab | H. L. Cripps, begins by drawing attention to the fact that in the proceedings before the Commission the witnesses were not cross-examined, and that, although the evidence records a valuable series of opinions upon different sides of many questions, its value is less than would have been the case had it been tested by c... |
d1ff837c-a511-4e89-8347-1cb53aaf6848 | There is no reason, however, to believe that this great multitude will be evenly spread over the area under consideration, and if the growth of London should largely extend up river, if with improved railway facilities the population of the Thames basin should increase at the rate at which some of the riverside urban d... |
00d49c90-2408-4332-bb19-0c9262020c7a | Shirley Murphy, Medical Officer to the London County Council, confines his observations to that portion of the report of the Royal Commission which relates to the quality of the present sources of supply. The Royal Commission had before it evidence, he says, which showed that the rivers from which the Water Companies d... |
47c03601-1c5b-4ad2-bfa6-0c94e0227029 | The virus of both these diseases has been found by past experience to have been disseminated by water and to have produced fatal results in persons drinking such water. " Not only are these diseases known to be waterborne, but experience has shown that a very small amount of the excremental matter of persons suffering ... |
ba788e9b-98c0-4e4d-ba76-f55fe730cb43 | As it is probable that the completeness of the future operations of the water companies may depend upon the necessity which can be shown for efficient filtration, it is a matter of great importance that the natural processes of purification should not be held to be more deserving of confidence than they really are. Aft... |
ec4100f1-53aa-4e55-beb2-5eb40ccb740a | Murphy says, the risks to London water supplies are less from the average number of cases of enteric fever in the water area in a year than from the occurrence of a number of cases at one time in a community discharging its sewage into the river. Typhoid is not distributed equally throughout the year, and regard must a... |
9c2b407e-181a-4768-b329-c92343beb499 | The Royal Commission would appear to admit that, in the case of the Caterham Well, the typhoid poison was waterborne ; but, appealing to the arithmetical test of dilution, they maintain that no argument derived from that case can be applied to a river, in which the volume of water is so much greater. But Mr. Murphy sho... |
5af792e8-136d-4c49-97af-6f3ac7bf9f17 | Moreover, we have no proof whatever that in this case it contaminated as much water as it was capable of doing. While, then, the Caterham case may fairly be taken as proof of the water carriage of typhoid poison, it can in no way be taken as indicating the concentration necessary to enable it to maintain its virulence.... |
99ed4720-af0c-4fee-b4de-672c7bd57d8b | Murphy carefully criticises the action of the Commission in putting on one side the conclusions of Dr. Barry in regard to the Tees epidemic, which, he says, "I am satisfied must be accepted as certainly as the evidence concerning the Broad Street well of 1854 and the Caterham well of 1875, evidence which the Royal Comm... |
1954eb3b-b690-430e-9c88-eeb2eb132530 | This question of the power of filtration to produce uninterrupted supplies of good water from foul sources is, and will continue to be, of the supremest importance to Londoners so long as their supplies are drawn from the river, and we cannot 61 but think that, while the present supply is made use of, the London people... |
6b68db37-77ce-4b2b-a12f-93734c1aaf3d | The very full information afforded in the report of the Royal Commission is of the utmost possible value as assisting to give definite form to a general comprehension of the real condition of the water supply of the Metropolis, present and future. It has always been a cherished article of faith in this country that the... |
8e1155cf-b898-42fb-9ad7-c13248a26b92 | Of course there is much to be said on the other side, and that is lucidly given in the objections to the report of the Royal Commission urged by the London County Council and its officers. Although very little is definitely said on the subject, the impression which the perusal of the report leaves upon the mind is that... |
567542c3-d6e3-464f-8148-8b2e8ad27919 | This Act provides that every Sanitary Authority in the Metropolis shall make bye-laws under the following Sections. Sec. 16. For the prevention of nuisances. Sec. 39. Water closets sufficiently supplied with water. Sec. 50. The Cleansing of cisterns. Sec. 94. Houses let in lodgings or occupied by members of more than o... |
dbd5d249-267a-4b79-ae6e-5670db0a99c7 | Mary, Battersea, in the County of London. 63 For the prevention of nuisances arising from any snow, ice, salt, dust, ashes, rubbish, offal, carrion, fish, or filth, or other matter or thing in any street. 2. The occupier of any premises fronting, adjoining, or abutting on any street not repairable by the inhabitants at... |
6f30ee9d-bf51-4bb1-ae15-42e5725bb894 | The person in occupation of or having the charge, management or control of the premises, or if there is no such person, then any person in occupation of or having the charge, management, or control of any part of the premises, and in the case of any premises the whole of which is let in tenements or to lodgers, the per... |
82e0f494-a313-4932-97fd-f27ba49cd961 | Every person who shall throw any salt upon any snow on the footway of any street shall do so in such quantity and in such manner as effectually to dissolve the whole of such snow, and he shall forthwith effectually remove from the footway the whole of the deposit resulting from the mixture of the salt with the snow. 64... |
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