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4faf4225-7323-4a17-ade5-8c773d5e6c7f | In the south-west ward are situated most of the laundries in the district and the houses in this ward are small and occupied chiefly by persons of the artisan and labouring classes. AMBULANCE FACILITIES. The ambulance facilities are similar to those described in last year's report. A motor ambulance is provided for the removal of infectious cases to the hospital. There are two ambulances provided for accident and noninfectious cases. These are housed in a garage at the fire station and are available at all hours. A new ambulance was purchased by the Council in 1928, but the old one is still kept for emergencies. Last year the ambulance was called out to 432 street accidents, and on 449 occasions to private cases. Fees amounting to £87 6s. were paid for the use of the ambulance for private cases. HOSPITAL PROVISION. |
8541efd7-ec9d-4016-a388-68ca7c9cd325 | General.— The only General Hospital in the district is the Acton Hospital, Gunnersbury Lane, which has an accommodation of 62 beds. During the year 1286 in-patients were admitted ; this is a decrease of 18 on the previous year. Of these 370 were in for only 1 day and 108 for 2 or 3 days. 8 The Education Committee has an agreement with the Hospital for payment for the removal of tonsils and adeniods and the patients are kept in the Hospital for at least 1 night. 7223 out-patients were treated during the year, an increase of 124, and the out-patient attendances were 31,610, an increase of 2986 as compared with 1930. The Hospital supplies a great need in the District, is greatly appreciated and most of the beds are continuously occupied. |
b7e46dfd-6ea9-44e3-8635-e8e74f975136 | Last year the average number of beds in daily occupation was 53.07 and from this figure it can be assumed that vacant beds are a rarity. Fever.— Acton Council Fever Hospital— 88 beds. Small-Pox.— Acton was one of the constituent bodies which formed the Middlesex Joint Small-Pox Board. Under the Provisional Order Confirmation Act of 1929, the Joint Board was disolved from the 1st April, 1929, and the duties of the Board transferred to the Middlesex County Council. Tuberculosis.— The Tuberculosis scheme is administered by the Middlesex County Council which has sanatoria at Clare Hall and Harefield. Child Welfare Consultation Centres.— (a)— 47, Avenue Road— Every Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday afternoon at 2. p.m. (b)— Noel Road— Every Thursday afternoon at 2 p.m. (c)— East Acton.— Every Thursday afternoon at 2 p.m. |
c6f0fb8c-1534-4dc4-89a7-ebae0e2c40e3 | (d)— Steele Road.— Every Tuesday afternoon at 2 p.m. Ante-Natal Consultation Centre.— School Clinic every 2nd and 4th Wednesday. Day Nursery.— 169, Bollo Bridge Road. School Clinic.— 45 Avenue Road. (The above are provided and maintained by the Borough Council). Tuberculosis Dispensary.— School Clinic on Tuesdays at 5 p.m. and Thursdays at 10.30 p.m. Treatment Centres for Venereal Diseases.— Various Hospitals in London. (The two latter are provided by the Middlesex County Council). 9 SANITARY CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE AREA. These have been noted in previous reports. All the inhabited houses are supplied from the mains of the Metropolitan Water Board. A few industrial works and the Public Baths obtain their water supply from deep wells. By arrangement with the London County Council the sewerage is discharged into the London Sewers. Storm water is filtered and emptied into the Thames. |
0405c309-68fb-4889-ac39-e7b76f1701de | All the inhabited houses are provided with water closets and are drained into the main sewerage system. The house refuse is collected by the Council and burnt in the Destructor. Last year 19,625 tons of house refuse were collected and burnt. PROFESSIONAL NURSING IN THE HOME. General.— There are two district nurses employed by the Acton Hospital, one of which is primarily engaged in district nursing. There are also nursing associations which provides nurses for different classes of cases. Midwives.— The Supervising Authority under the Midwives Act is the Middlesex County Council and from the County Council I understand that there are 23 certified midwives practising in the Borough. LEGISLATION IN FORCE. The following local acts, special local orders, general adoptive acts and byelaws relating to Public Health are in force in the district. |
ad9c401e-7b8b-4188-8844-6a63982e8aa6 | Adopted Infectious Diseases (Notification) Act, 1889 1889 Public Health (Amendment) Act, 1890 Infectious Diseases Prevention Act, 1890 1890 1899 Notification of Births Act, 1907 Public Health Act, 1907 (Clause 50) 1907 1921 Public Health Act, 1925 (Parts 2, 3,4 and 5) 1926 The Acton Improvement Act, 1904 New Streets and Buildings 1925 Removal of House Refuse 1899 Common Lodging Houses 1898 Slaughter Houses 1924 Nuisances, &c. |
a86d2a2d-d377-4e33-98ec-dc03f91dd87b | 1924 10 Offensive Trades 1903 Tents, Vans and Sheds 1906 Removal of Offensive or Noxious Matters 1908 Houses Let in Lodgings 1925 Cleansing of Cisterns 1912 Emplovment of Children 1920 Fouling of Footpaths by Dogs 1929 Smoke Abatement 1930 HOUSING. In last year's report it was stated that there were no areas in the district which could be constituted into clearance or improvement areas. There were a few individual houses which were unfit for human habitation and these were represented as unfit. Some of the houses were closed and demolished before the end of the year, but in four instances, proceedings were still pending at the end of the year. The owners of the property were reluctant to eject the tenants and certain proposals were made which were not acceptable to the Council. During the year the Council erected 28 flats in seven blocks of four flats each. |
35f92ed7-e7bc-4113-9ba8-c33ec5c3af75 | 16 of the flats are in Perryn Road, and 12 at the junction of Brassie Avenue and Old Oak Common Lane. The contract for the erection of the flats was let to Messrs. F. G. Cressy, Ltd., at £11,600. Each flat comprises a living room, two bedrooms, scullery and a bath room. Electric light is provided throughout and hot water is supplied from a. boiler behind the Eagle combination grate in the living room. It has been stated in previous annual reports that the contribution of the Council to the erection of houses in the district can have but a very small effect upon the housing problem. The development of the district since the war has been in such a manner that the demand for houses for the working classes will be greater than the supply. The term 'working class' is here used in a manner similar to that in which it is used in various Housing and Town Planning Acts of Parliament. |
42559f4d-dc1b-47fd-a344-097aa139b12d | Not only houses of that character, but there will always be a scarcity of all kinds of small houses oiwng to the establishment of large industries in the district, and in the adjoining districts. There will be competition for houses by people who wish to live as near as possible to the factories in which they are employed. Yet in spite of this fact, there is probably less legal overcrowding in the district than has been the case for a very long period. The figures of the Census showed that in 10 years the population of the South-West ward has decreased by 2671 inhabitants. 11 The number of houses has remained practically the same, and the diminution in the number of people has lessened the number of persons in each house. A recent house-to-house inspection of some of the streets in the ward repealed the same conditions. A few years ago a house-to-house inspection was made of these streets and in several instances notices had to be served to abate overcrowding in the houses. |
34640f04-83e1-44d2-9113-a442b0f5f671 | At the later inspection there was not a single instance of overcrowding. Under present conditions overcrowding is as much, if not more, a result of the play of social and economic factors than of scarcity of houses. Although wages are not higher (and there is certainly more unemployement) and rents are no lower, we have the seeming paradox of less overcrowding. Diminished overcrowding has resulted from the introduction of other factors. The birth-rate has for years been getting lower and lower, but until quite recently the birth-rate continued high among the class of people whose houses were overcrowded. Contraceptive methods were not generally practised by artisans, unskilled labourers, &c., and their families. Since the war, the practice of birth-spacing has spread amongst almost all classes of the population and large families are now rare exceptions to the general rule. The limitation of families has undoubtedly been the chief cause in our district of the lessened incidence of overcrowding. |
71e73fda-9eb7-495f-8568-b6db468cdc2a | Although overcrowding has lessened, for the reason mentioned above, the demand for houses still continues and will continue, and there is very little prospect of reduction in the rents. HOUSING. Number of Houses erected during the year:— (a) Total (including number given separately under (b) 303 (b) With State assistance under the Housing Acts :— (i) By the Local Authority 28 (ii) By other bodies or persons Nil. 1. Inspection of Dwelling-houses during the Year 1931:— (1) (a) Total number of dwelling-houses inspected for housing defects (under Public Health or Housing Acts) 1657 (b) Number of inspections made for the purpose 4970 12 (2) (a) Number of dwelling-houses (included under sub-head (1) above, which were inspected and recorded under the Housing Consolidated Regulations, |
69722345-bc18-4e52-bdc9-770b9323341e | 1925 1068 (b) Number of inspections made for the purpose 3734 (3) Number of dwelling-houses found to be in a state so dangerous or injurious to health as to be unfit for human habitation 9 Number of dwelling-houses (exclusive of those referred to under the preceding subhead) found not to be in all respects reasonably fit for human habitation 1516 2 Remedy of Defects during the Year without Service of formal Notices:— Number of defective dwelling-houses renderered fit in consequence of informal action by the Local Authority or their officers 1202 3. |
3d9afe39-0c76-4420-b8c3-c17f77628ff5 | Action under Statutory Powers during the Year :— A— Proceedings under sections 17, 18 and 23 of the Housing Act, 1930 : (1) Number of dwelling-houses in respect of which notices were served requiring repairs 248 (2) Number of dwelling-houses which were rendered fit after service of formal notices :— (a) By owners 248 (b) By local authority in default of owners Nil. B.— Proceedings under Public Health Acts :— (1) Number of dwelling-houses in respect of which notices were served requiring defects to be remedied 66 (2) Number of dwelling-houses in which defects were remedied after service of formal notices:— (a) By owners 66 (b) By local authority in default of owners Nil. |
49c41ce7-0204-4909-9a30-ba91511dbe20 | 13 C.— Proceedings under sections 19 and 21 of the Housing Act, 1930 : (1) Number of dwelling-houses in respect of which Demolition Orders were made 4 (2) Number of dwelling-houses demolished in pursuance of Demolition Orders 4 D.— Proceedings under section 20 of the Housing Act, 1930:— (1) Number of separate tenements or underground rooms in respect of which Closing Orders were made Nil. (2) Number of separate tenements or underground rooms in respect of which Closing Orders were determined, the tenement or room having been rendered fit Nil. E.— Proceedings undersection 3 of the Housing Act, 1925: (1) Number of dwelling-houses in respect of which notices were served requiring repairs Nil. (2) Number of dwelling-houses which were ered fit after service of formal notices :— (a) By owners Nil. (b) By local authority in default of owners Nil. |
d5959228-24e3-4f93-bd02-d96f6810f66b | (3) Number of dwelling-houses in respect of which Closing Orders became operative in pursuance of declarations by owners of intention to close Nil. F.— Proceedings under Sections 11, 14 and 15 of the Housing Act, 1925: (1) Number of dwelling-houses in respect of which closing Orders were made Nil. (2) Number of dwelling-houses in respect of which Closing Orders were determined, the dwelling-houses having been rendered fit Nil. (3) Number of dwelling-houses in respect of which Demolition Orders were made Nil. (4) Number of dwelling-houses demolished in pursuance of Demolition Orders Nil. 14 TABULAR STATEMENT OF INSPECTIONS AND DETAIL OF WORK CARRIED OUT BY THE SANITARY INSPECTORS. Number of Inspections and Action Taken. |
c9c9e7f0-c9c9-4bfe-8822-5bfbddaa2d5f | Total number of dwelling-houses inspected for housing fects (under Public Health or Housing Acts) 1657 (1) Dealt with by service of Informal Notice 1202 (2) Dealt with by service of Statutory Notice under Section 17, Housing Act, 1930 248 (3) Dealt with by service of Statutory Notice under Public Health Acts 66 Premises (other than defective dwelling houses) inspected for nuisances and miscellaneous defects 708 (1) Dealt with by service of Informal Notice 592 (2) Dealt with by service of Statutory Notice under Public Health Act, &c. 103 Reinspections subsequent to service of Notice 7094 Inspection after notification of Infectious Disease 158 Number of Premises under Periodical Inspection. |
54f1bdac-899d-47a7-807a-513154ee7d5d | Workshops and Workplaces 138 Bakehouses 27 Slaughterhouses 2 Public Health Urinals 37 Common Lodging Houses 1 Houses-let-in-lodgings 30 Butchers' Shops 45 Fish Shops 28 Premises where food is maunfactured or prepared 33 Milk Purveyors 95 Cowsheds Nil. Piggeries Nil. Rag and Bone Dealers 8 Mews 4 Schools 13 Show Grounds Nil. Rent Restriction Act. Number of Certificates granted 13 15 Detail of Work carried out. |
e1c529db-3c94-40c7-8c47-72d07ac3149c | Sanitary Dustbins provided 544 Yards paved or yard paving repaired 267 Insanitary forecourts remedied 57 Defective drains repaired or reconstructed 88 Defective soil pipes and ventilating shafts repaired or renewed 53 Defective fresh air inlets repaired or renewed 64 Defective gullies removed and replaced by new 33 Rain water downpipes disconnected from drain 12 Dishing and curb to gullies repaired and new grating fixed 305 Defective W.C. pan and traps removed and replaced by new 55 Defective W.C. flushing apparatus repaired or new fixed 456 Defective W.C. |
cc8d0022-d7f0-4609-b9f0-8ed10dd1bee7 | seats repaired or new fixed 187 Defective flush pipe connections repaired 49 Insanitary sinks removed or new fixed 35 Sink waste pipes repaired or trapped 170 Insanitary wall surface over sinks remedied 97 Ventilated food cupboards provided 3 Drinking water cisterns cleaned 187 Defective covers to drinking water cisterns repaired or new fixed 62 Insanitary sites beneath floors concreted 15 Spaces beneath floors ventilated 123 Dampness in walls from defective damp-proof course remedied 103 Dampness from defective' roof, rain water gutterings, &c. remedied 853 Defective plastering repaired (number of rooms) 439 Rooms where dirty walls and ceilings have been cleansed and redecorated 3744 Defective floors repaired 124 Defective or dangerous stairs repaired 13 Defective doors and windows repaired 353 Defective kitchen ranges and fire grates repaired 165 Defective washing coppers repaired 104 Coal cupboards provided and repaired 10 Ne w W. |
6441241c-b287-4868-8c1e-4686a1e7739f | C. apartments provided 8 Accummulations of offensive matter removed 42 Drains unstopped and cleansed 375 Overcrowding nuisances abated 12 Drains tested, exposed for examination, &c. 78 Smoke observations taken 247 Smoke nuisance abated on sendee of notice 32 Nuisances from pigs and other animals abated 3 Notifications of waste of water sent to Metropolitan Water Board 171 16 INSPECTION AND SUPERVISION OF FOOD. MILK SUPPLY. There are 85 dairies and milkshops on the register. There are at present no cowsheds in the Borough and all the milk is produced outside the district. BAKEHOUSES. There art 27 bakehouses in the district; of these 5 are underground bakehouses and were occupied before the passing of the Factory Act of1901, SMOKE INSPECTION. |
6ecbed82-7b35-4212-a7dd-0337a3ba7900 | Considerable attention has again been paid to the factory chimneys in the district and though statutory notices has to be served in some cases, no summonses were issued. At the present time the factory chimneys in the southern part of the district are a bigger source of nuisance than those in the northern part of the district. The latter are of a more recent type and in a large number electrical power is used. MEAT INSPECTION. There are two slaughter-houses in the borough; in one of these, pigs alone are slaughtered, and in the other no pigs are slaughtered. It has been usual in the past to supply a full list of the unsound food condemned, and the following tables are inserted so that the conditions can be compared with former years. |
f79cfe9b-1e4b-4093-b229-5b26c926f37a | It is well known that a large part of the carcases slaughtered in this district is made into sausages, and when we consider how easy it is to convert inferior and diseased meat into sausages the importance of a rigid method of inspection is very obvious. The large firm which manufactures sausages in this district has to satisfy some of its largest customers that the inspection not only of the carcases but of the manufacture of the sausages is satisfactory. It has a large export trade and most of the countries to which the sausages and canned meats are exported are strict in their requirements as to inspection. Most of the South American States for instance refuse to allow importation of food unless a certificate 17 is obtained that an inspection has been made by the local sanitary authority of the district in which the exporters firm is situated. These countries take such measures as will ensure that the foods which are imported have been produced under proper conditions and under sanitary supervision. |
471a1048-effd-4b89-b3de-7be0913135af | The primary object of meat inspection is to safeguard the public health and to prevent any meat being sold for human consumption which may be deleterious to the consumer, and not only this but an adequate system should prevent frauds being practised, such as the substitution of inferior types of meat or meat products when the purchaser is paying for the best, even if not actually in themselves harmful. Under the conditions which obtain to-day, the housewife must protect herself. When she buys an ordinary joint of meat, she can be fairly certain that it is not diseased, as it is too risky to expose a diseased carcase for sale, but even in these circumstances, it would be as well for her to buy only from a reputable butcher. When it comes to buying meat products such as sausages or canned meats, the only sure protection the housewife has is the reputation of the firm of manufacturers. |
f14ae7c1-a951-47f5-915b-766ae712c47d | It has been frequently pointed out that one of the greatest stumbling blocks to a better and more uniform system of meat inspection is the presence of so many private slaughter-houses. These undoubtedly are a menace, because in most of them the inspection is very inadequate, even when it is being attempted. But there is another menace which is more potent then many of us wish to admit. There is far too much illicit slaughtering going on up and down the country. Last October, the Sanitary Inspector seized some meat in a motor lorry in a garage in Horn Lane. The lorry contained 1 pig's carcase with head, 3 calves carcases, 3 oxen's heads, 1 ox's heart, 3 oxens' livers, 1 mesentery and 1 oxtail. With the exception of one calf's carcase, and the ox tail and ox heart, all the meat was diseased and utterly unfit for human consumption. |
3358f074-74b7-49dc-abb0-279a920f8847 | It was all infested with tubercles. Proceedings were taken and the man was fined £33 and costs. Although we succeeded in obtaining a conviction, we were unable to ascertain the source of the meat or where it had been slaughtered, &c. Shortly afterwards, a message was received by us from the Finsbury Council that this same person had endeavoured to sell some diseased meat to a butcher in Charterhouse Street. The Finsbury Council when they heard of the previous conviction, decided to trace to its source the condemned meat and a most extraordinary state of affairs was disclosed. 18 Some of the meat belonged to carcases slaughtered under the Tuberculosis orders in Somersetshire and compensation had been paid by the County Council. The Cattle had been sent to a knackers yard for slaughter and had been bought ostensibly for cats meat. |
4d54b254-89fc-418e-96f5-864d2d4ee2b4 | The man who had exposed the meat for sale in Smithfield had bought the meat at the knackers yard for about three shillings a hundred weight and had sold it for about twenty-five shillings. It had been dressed, and of course, was intended to be used in sausages. If the meat had passed the inspector at Smithfield, it would not have been possible to detect its diseased nature in the minced meat. Fortunately the man was caught and was sentenced to three months' imprisonment. It can be easily appreciated that a rigid inspection is necessary here, not only in the interests of the manufaturers, but also to protect the public. UNSOUND FOOD SURRENDERED DURING 1931. Diseased Meat. Tuberculosis. 2 Cows' Offals. Pigs. 3 Stirks' Offals. 13 Carcases with Heads. 1 Calf's Ofial. 3 Forequarters. |
d17c45d0-32ed-449f-b1ad-3ad3808ede00 | 10 sets of Cows' Lungs with 1 Hindquarter. Hearts. 44 lbs. of Pork. 3 Ox Hearts. 84 Heads. 4 Ox Livers. 209 Plucks. 1 Ox Mesentery. 2201 lbs. of Chitterlings. 35 Calves' Plucks. 2 Calves' Livers. Cattle. 9 sets Calves' Lungs. 1 Bull's Carcase. 4 Cows' Carcases with Offal. 2 Stirks' Carcases with Offal. Parasites. 3 Calves' Carcases with Offal. Cattle. 1 Forequarter of Beef. 1 set Cow's Lungs with Heart. 1 Hindquarter of Beef. 5 sets Cows' Lungs. 2 Forequarters of Veal. 10 Cows' Livers. 1 Hindquarter of Veal. 7 Stirks' Livers. |
e44f986c-b25f-4c52-8669-3772238bf9d7 | 1 Shoulder of Veal. 1 set Calf's Lungs with Heart. 2 Ribs of Veal. 3 Calves' Plucks. 5 Cows' Heads and Tongues. 3 Calves' Plucks. 6 Stirks' Heads and Tongues. 6 Calves' Livers. 5 Calves' Heads and Tongues. 19 Sheep. Pyaemia. 1 Sheep's Pluck. Cattle. 71 sets Sheeps' Lungs. 2 Calves Carcases with Offal. 34 Sheeps' Livers. Pseudo Hodgkins Disease. 1 Calf's Carcase with Offal. Pleurisy. Cattle. 1 calf's carcase With offal 4 Cdves'Carcases with Offal. (Emaciated) 2 gets Cows. Lungs with 3 Forequarters of Veal Heart. 10 Breasts of Veal. |
f3c93838-b812-4c94-b4d1-40f121bcc74b | 22 Ribs of Veal. 2 Briskets of Beef. 9 cow' Heads and Tongues. 5 sets Cows Lungs with Hearts. 17 Calves' Plucks. Jaundice. 15 sets Calves' Lungs with 1 pig's Carcase_ Hearts. Cattle. Sheep. 4 Calves' Carcases with Offal. 2 Breasts of Mutton. 1 Sheep's Pluck. Sheep. 1 set Sheep's Lungs with 1 Sheep with Offal. Heart. Dropsy. Suppurating Pleurisy. Cattle. Cattle 1 Cows' Carcase with Offal 2 Flanks of Beef. 4 Calves Carcases with Offal (Emaciated). Cystic 3 Calves' Plucks. 7 cows' Kidneys. Sheep 4 Calves' Kidneys. 1 Sheep's Pluck. |
a7aaef7d-c51b-48bd-8662-fdf5d38ac0d1 | Adenitis 3 Calves' Plucks. Abscesses. 7 Calves' Livers. Cattle. 1 Short Forequarter of Veal. Melanosis. 4 lbs. Leg of Veal. 1 Calf's Pluck. 7 Calves' Heads. 2 Calves' Plucks. Fatty Infiltration. 20 Calves' Livers. 1 Cow's Liver. Sheep. Arthritis. 4 Sheeps' Livers. 2 Knuckles of Veal. 20 Nephritis. 1 Ox Head. 4 Cows' Kidneys. 2 Knuckles of Veal. 6 Stirks' Kidneys. 3 sets Calves' Feet. 2 Calves' Kidneys. Moribund. 1 Calf's Skin. 15 Calves with Offal. Fevered. Sheep. 2 Calves' Carcases with Offal. |
3457fc61-1664-4f97-9288-4605f61de95f | 1 Sheep with Offal. Congestion. Cirrhosis. Pigs 2 Hindquarters fo Pork. 1 Calf's Pluck. 7 Cow's Livers. Cattle 2 Calves' Livers. 1 Calf's Pluck. Sheep. 1 Sheep's Liver. Sheep . Bruised, Fractured, etc. 1 Sheep'S Pluck 2 Hindquarters of Pork. Unsound. 3 Legs of Pork. Pigs. 2 Shoulders of Pork. 27 1bs Shoulder of Pork. Cattle. Cattle. 1 Side of Beef (dropsical). 1 Ox Heart. 1 Forequarter of Beef. 1 Ox Spleen. 1 Loin of Beef. 2 Ox Kidneys. 2 Calves' Carcases with Offal. 2 Calves' Plucks. 1 Breast of Veal. 2 Calves' Livers. |
e43bb7c6-b9f1-4117-b1d6-7cc849c6de7e | Other Foods. Tuberculosis. Unsound. 1 Chicken. 2 Turkeys. 4 stones of Skate Wings. 4 (6 lbs.) Tins of Corned Beef. 3 Tins of Prawns. TABLE II. NUMBER OF PIGS' CARCASES INSPECTED FROM 1st JANUARY TO 31st DECEMBER, 1931 WITH ANALYSIS OF SURRENDERS ON ACCOUNT OF DISEASE. 1931 No. of Carcases Inspected. No. of Heads Diseased. No. of Carcases Diseased. No. of sides Diseased. No. of Fore Quarters Diseased. No. of Hind Quarters Diseased. No. of Legs Diseased. No. of Shoulders Diseased. Plucks (Lungs, Livers and Hearts). Mesenteries, Stomachs and Intestines Pieces of Pork. |
976fdd6f-1264-41ac-acd5-849406ab4425 | Weiehts. January 1283 6 1 - - - - - 15 272 lbs. 44 lbs. Tons- Cwts 1 qrs. 1 lbs. 22 February 1134 7 1 - 4 - - - 14 210 „ 42 „ - 2 3 0 March 1034 5 1 - - - 2 - 13 248 „ , 4 1 14 April 1180 4 - - 1 - 2 2 8 288 , , 3 2 10 May 814 10 4 - - - - - 12 160 , - 13 1 16 June 801 8 1 - - - - - 7 200 „ , - - - - July 814 5 1 - 1 - - - 17 130 , 4 , |
a3ac5880-1d60-4d21-9344-717e3a9fb544 | - - - - August 934 12 1 - - 2 - - 11 155 „ - - - - - September 1262 5 1 - - - - - 8 108 . - - - - - October 1670 14 1 - - - - - 34 280 - - - - - November 1358 10 1 - - 1 1 - 28 102 „ - - - - - December 1669 16 - - - - - - 26 232 „ 33 „ - - - - TotAL 13068 101 13 - 6 3 5 2 103 2547 „ 123 „ - - - - 21 22 TABLE III. Counties from which animals were consigned, and percentage diseased (1st Jan.—31st Dec. 1931.) County. No. of Towns from which Animals were consigned. No. |
f78d3bea-cb71-4804-95b1-fd1866a0ec50 | of Carcases Inspected No of Animals Diseased Percentage of Animals Diseased Bedfordshire 4 213 1 .47% Berkshire 1 21 - - Buckinghamshire 3 81 - - Cambridgeshire 9 663 2 .30% Dorsetshire 5 2,188 25 1.14% Gloucestershire 1 94 - - Hampshire 11 506 3 .59% Hertfordshire 4 113 3 2.65% Huntingdonshire 2 108 - - Ireland 3 2,240 17 .79% London 1 36 - - Middlesex 7 573 - - Norfolk 11 2,469 20 .81% Somerset 7 767 14 1.89% Suffolk 17 2,025 9 .44% Surrey 6 696 - - Sussex 1 109 - - Warwickshire 1 1,044 10 . |
0dd4d1ab-94d0-4f4a-817a-37d9ed11433b | 96% Wiltshire 1 22 - - Total 95 13,968 104 .75% BIRTHS. Table 7 gives particulars of the births registered and notified in the district, and the births belonging to the district which have occurred and been registered outside the district. The total number of births are those registered during the calendar year and are corrected for inward and outward transfers. This figure is obtained at the end of the year from the Registrar General, and is simply the total for the district. It does not allocate the births to the wards, and from this total it is not possible to make a ward allocation. Last year the total number was 1019 ; 501 males and 518 females, and the figure is equal to a birth-rate of 14.4 per 1,000 inhabitants. In addition 30 still births were returned as belonging to the district; 16 males and 14 females. |
8463c01a-cb0b-4b7c-ae8b-b80d9a7edc70 | 23 The ward allocation is made from the notifications which are received under the Notification of Births Act. The number of notifications does not exactly correspond always with the number of registrations. The births have to be notified within 36 hours, whilst a delay of 6 weeks may occur in the registration of a birth. There is not much difference in the number notified and registered in the district in the year as the births which occur towards the end of the year and are not registered until the following year are equalised by the births which have occurred towards the end of another year and have not been registered in the same year under similar conditions. The difference between the number of notified births and registered births arises from differences in the practice of various sanitary authorities. Some authorities send intimations to the district concerned of all the outside births which have occurred in their area. Other authorities do not supply this information. It will be inferred though from the table that this information is now fairly complete. |
8b7207fe-feaf-40e4-806d-78379303a806 | There is only a difference of 18 in the number of notifications received and the total number of live births belonging to the district as supplied by the Registrar General. There is a considerable drop, not only in the birth-rate, but also in the total number of births, and the cause is not far to seek. Whatever our views may be on the subject of birth-control, we must face the fact that contraception is being practised more and more among almost every class of the population. There is no birthcontrol clinic inside the borough, but there are at least three in neighbouring boroughs and it is known that a large number of our married women make extensive use of these. In another paragraph, I refer to the deaths from sepsis following abortion, and it must be admitted that where contraceptive methods are not used, other practices are followed which are more harmful still to the mother. |
ae76af37-2a64-479f-b27b-c03109f67985 | It is a subject which no one wished to discuss, but it would be idle to ignore certain facts, such as the activity of abortionists among mothers, the extensive use of aborticfacient drugs and mechanical attempts at abortion. It may be argued that the question is more of a social than a medical one, that the condition is not one which concerns a sanitary authority, but it is impossible to separate the medical from the social aspect of the subject. One has to consider not only whether birth-control does harm in itself, but whether it is more harmful than the attempts which are made to bring about the premature expulsion of the foetus. Although there may be no organic disease in the mother, we are forced to consider the harm which may result from frequent pregnancies, insufficient rest, insufficient nourishment, &c. These are problems which are being forced continually to the notice of all public health workers. 24 At the same time the subject bristles with difficulties. It is admitted that at present methods are imperfect and crude. |
2a205199-59f9-4034-91e7-edaa6ba30900 | What will be the result if these methods are perfected. It has been calculated that such a consummation would probably halve the birth-rate. It is useless to speculate if our present civilisation based on monogamy would survive. A change in the environment would change the outlook of the individual and the community, but whatever the future may bring forth, it is certain that the Victorian attitude to marriage will not be recaptured. Birth-control is one of the results of emancipated womanhood, and the big families of the last century will not figure in the social life of the future. DEATHS. 456 deaths were registered in the district; of these 35 were of non-residents. 321 deaths of residents occurred outside the district. The total number of deaths belonging to the district is 742, which corresponds to a death-rate of 10.5 per 1,000 inhabitants. |
9d6a2e79-b7d0-496f-917b-07f8673c9e60 | The table giving the causes of death, age-distribution, &c., is given on a later page, but in the return supplied by the Registrar General, the total number of deaths is given as 743. The difference is too small to affect the different rates, and the slight discrepancy is easily explained. In the list of outside deaths for the first quarter of the year there are allways included some deaths which belonged to the previous year. As the first quarter's list of outside deaths is received some time in May, it is usually too late to include them in the returns for the year under review. In the outside death returns for the first quarter of 1931, there were 3 deaths which had occurred on December 30th, 1930. These have been included in the figures for 1931, as intimation was received too late for their inclusion in the tables for 1930. |
10bf77b0-0497-4983-a68e-e396c6277226 | Although possibly not strictly accurate it is the only method available if all the deaths are to be included in our returns. But there are very many differences in the number of deaths from the different diseases. The most important one is the number of deaths attributed to heart disease. In the Registrar General's return the number is 164, and in Table 1 the number given is 71, but in the Registrar General's return the number of deaths from Senility is only 20. There were 115 deaths in persons over 80 years of age last year; of these 42 were over 85 and 10 over 90 years of age. It is fairly obvious that more than 20 deaths should be classified as old age, but they are placed under other headings because of the nomenclature used by 25 different medical men. Some doctors rarely, if ever, give old age as the cause of death. |
b736b695-307e-470b-bae2-396c4ef36b0f | They always name a certain disease, though this disease (if it can be called a disease) is only a part and parcel of the process of growing old. Some of the deaths of persons over 90 years of age have been certified as myocardial degeneration. These are placed under Heart disease together with other conditions such as Myocarditis following Rheumatic Infection or Valvular Disease of the heart. But there is no analogy between the two conditions. In the former the degeneration of the heart was merely part of a general degeneration; there was a general break-up of the mechanism and death was inevitable. Death could not have been avoided, and methods of preventure could not avail. When the Myocarditis follows Rheumatic Infection the conditions are entirely different. The infection may have been an avoidable one, and the life could have been prolonged. The death has usually occurred before the other parts of the body have worn out, and the unfortunate sufferer had died in the prime of life. |
1cd29026-339c-4ad2-98bb-d579221915bd | Heart disease looms larger in our returns than any condition, but it does not mean that preventable heart disease is more prevalent. Most of the deaths from heart disease are of persons over 65 years of age; out of the 71 deaths classified in Table 1, as due to heart disease 47 were in persons over 65 years of age. In the number returned by the Registrar General the percentage of those over 65 years of age is much higher. These deaths are certified as fatty degeneration of the heart, myocardial degeneration, &c. At the other end of life we have the congenital deformities of the heart and these deaths again are not preventable. Heart disease may or may not be on the increase, but until the returns show us how many of the deaths are due to a degeneration which is inevitable and those due to post infective heart disease which may be preventable, our information is not sufficient to form an opinion. |
46c45425-9007-4e4c-a26b-ca8fe07adb3b | On Table 3 are given the rates for 1931 and previous years. Based upon the revised estimates the death rate is higher than that of 1390 but lower than that of 1929. A comparison with 1929 is not quite a fair one as there was an extensive outbreak of Influenza in the early part of that year. It will be observed that recently the death rate has been stationary or has even shown a tendency to rise. This does not mean that the general health of the community has in any way suffered a set back. It probably means that, the age distribution of the population is altering. We have a larger proportion of inhabitants who have passed the prime of life and amongst whom the death rate is naturally high. The continued drop in the birth rate is making itself felt in the age distribution of the population. 26 This will become evident if we compare the ages at death with thosa of say 20 years ago. |
d2976d44-d715-473d-8067-3dc746a49810 | It would not be fair to compare 1931 with 1911 because 1911 was an abnormally hot year and there was a very large number of deaths in children from Diarrhoea, but an average of the 3 years 1910, 1911 and 912 would form the basis of a better comparison. Ages at Death—1910, 1911, 1912 and 1931. Under 1 1-2 2-5 5-15 15-25 25-45 45-65 Over 65 Total. 1910 151 55 18 20 203 176 623 1911 205 67 49 34 28 81 143 170 777 1912 107 38 41 31 30 79 137 177 640 1931 62 11. 9 16 26 78 170 370 742 Twenty years ago 22 per cent. |
121c3e20-bc0a-4dbb-b2b9-7dc8a72f8b48 | of the deaths were of children under one year of age, and 40 per cent. of the deaths occurred in children under 15 years of age. Last year the figures were 8.3 and 13.1 respectively. Some allowance must of course be made for the lower birth rate and consequently for the higher proportion of persons living under 15 years of age, but the lowered birth rate had been in operation then for some time. Twenty years ago only 25 per cent. of the deaths were in old people over 65 years of age; last year the percentage was 50. One half of the deaths ocurred in people over 65 years of age. The span of life has been and is being lengthened. Death is inevitable, but it makes a difference whether death comes in the prime of life or when the body is worn out. On Table 1 is given the death rate for England and Wales and the large towns. |
bca89888-14d1-43e6-b474-914926097053 | Our death rate is lower than that of England and Wales and than that of the large towns, but that is hardly a fair comparison as the conditions vary so enormously in the different towns. In the industrial towns of the north of England the death rate varies from 12 to 15 per 1,000 inhabitants and the high death rate in these towns naturally raises the general average. The Registrar General has published the death rate in the towns in the outer ring of London, and the conditions in these districts are somewhat similar. |
70ad77c3-e588-40ec-8a57-47b6a6b0c541 | The death rates in these towns are as follows:— 27 Croydon 11.4 Wimbledon 12.3 Ealing 10.1 Acton 10.5 Brentford and Chiswick 10.4 Willesden 10.4 Hendon 7.7 Hornsey 11.1 Wood Green 10.1 Tottenham 10.2 Edmonton 10.0 Enfield 10.4 West Ham 11.4 East Ham 10.7 Leyton 10.6 Walthamstow 10.4 Ilford 9.0 It is curious how very even the death rate is in these different towns. Ward Distribution of the Deaths. North-East. North-West. South-East. South-West. 234 183 145 180 Death Rate of each Ward. North-East. North-West. South-East. South-West. |
d9da020b-56b7-456a-a68b-ae587fbcb518 | 10.5 10.9 8.9 12 Another contrast with the conditions which obtained 20 years ago is the comparative evenness of the rate in the different wards. Formerly, the death rate in the South-West ward was nearly twice as high as that in the other wards. As the figures now show, the difference in the various wards is a very small one. Causes of Death. There is an increase in the number of deaths from Bronchitis and Pneumonia. This was due to the severe weather in the early part of the year. 28 There is also an increase in the number of deaths from Cancer. Although considerable research has been made into the causation of Cancer, so far, the best from of treatment is an operative one. There is also an increase in the number of deaths from accidents in the streets. Deaths in Public Institutions. Of the total number 359 occurred in Public Institutions and 17 in nursing homes. |
eb227a23-0c77-423d-b7ee-1cea0a8ae726 | Of this total 295 occurred in hospitals outside the district and 64 in hospital in the district. Inquests and Coroner's Inquiries. 48 inquests were held and in 25 instances the Coroner issued a certificate without an inquest after he had ordered a post-mortem examination. INFECTIOUS DISEASES. Scarlet Fever. 95 cases of Scarlet Fever were notified during the year and there was no death from the disease. The disease was most prevalent in the North East Ward, but in none of the wards was the incidence of the disease heavy. Scarlet Fever, though not breaking out with the same explosive force as Measles, occurs in epidemic waves, and we are now in the trough. Diphtheria. Diphtheria was also less prevalent than in 1930. 61 cases were notified compared with 103 in 1930, and there were 4 deaths compared with 9 in 1930. |
b1da64ea-e3b4-48fe-9257-88ac1b32a635 | Meningococcal Meningitis. There was only one notification, and the patient recovered. 29 Encephalitis Lethargica. There were 5 notifications of Encephalitis Lethargica and 4 deaths occurred from the disease. Contrary to our usual experience, all the cases which resulted fatally had previously been notified. Although Encephalitis Lethargica is compulsorily notifiable many cases remain unnotified. It has previously been explained that not only do the symptoms vary very much in character, but frequently the initial symptoms are trivial and the nature of the disease has remained undiagnosed. Small-Pox. Two cases of Small-Pox were notified. These two patients were contacts of the cases which occurred in 1930. Both cases occurred in J anuary and the circumstances in which the outbreaks occurred were detailed in last year's report. Ophthalmia Neonatorum. 5 cases of Ophthalmia Neonatorum were notified. |
e5d588c1-e3a5-4598-809e-3895e57e76e1 | The Council has agreement with the London County Council for the admission, if necessary, of cases into St. Margarets Hospital. Two cases were admitted under the terms of the agreement. All the cases recovered and the sight was not affected. Tuberculosis. 80 cases of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and 14 cases of other forms of Tuberculosis were notified during the year. There were 43 deaths from Pulmonary Tuberculosis and 11 deaths from other forms of Tuberculosis. |
3f0cb1b4-0733-40a1-9b52-e3446f1fb215 | The death notification interval of the 43 patients who died of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in 1931 was:— Information from Death Returns 7 Died within 1 month after notification 8 Died between 1 and 3 months after notification 2 Died between 3 and 6 months after notification 4 Died between 6 and 12 months after notification 6 Died between 1 and 2 years after notification 9 Died between 2 and 3 years after notification 2 Died over 3 years after notification 5 30 On December 31st the following is a statement of the particulars appearing in the Register of cases of Tuberculosis. Pulmonary Non-Pulmonary Males Females Males Females Total Number of Cases of T.B. |
b9b4fb1a-dae7-42e7-a138-625a100b6de0 | on the Register at the commencement of year 119 124 30 20 293 Number of Cases notified for the first time during 40 35 7 7 89 the year Number of Cases previously removed from the Register which have been restored thereto during the year — 1 — — 1 Number of Cases added to the Register other than by notification 3 2 — — 5 Number of Cases removed from the Register during the year 32 38 9 6 85 Number of Cases remaining on the Register at, the end of the year 130 124 28 21 303 In 1931, the Tuberculosis Officer examined 67 new cases of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and 12 new cases of Non-Pulmonarv Tuberculosis. 31 51 patients were admitted to Sanatoria under the county scheme and 12 were admitted to Hospitals. Age Periods New Cases. Deaths. Pulmonary. Non-Pulmonary Pulmonary. |
9340106d-2556-498d-ac98-e69d233b26f9 | Non-Pulmonary M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. |
977d62e6-8335-4c3d-948e-266a606a66b9 | 0- - - - 1 - - 1 2 1- — — 2 2 — — 1 2 5- — 1 3 — — 1 1 — 10- 1 2 — — — — — — 15- 8 4 — 2 1 2 — — 20- 3 10 1 1 — 4 2 — 25- 9 11 — — 7 6 — — 35- 10 4 1 1 2 2 1 — 45- 8 5 — — 7 3 1 — 55- 2 1 — — 5 — — — 65 and upwards 1 — — — 2 1 — — Totals 42 38 7 7 24 19 7 4 32 ISOLATION HOSPITAL. |
8a7ae521-a46d-4dfe-8e85-06b0e724237d | During the year 262 cases were admitted into the Hospital compared with 459 in 1930. On January 1st 1931, there were 41 cases in the Hospital and on January 1st, 1932, there were 29. 265 cases were discharged and there were 9 deaths. The following is a list of the cases admitted:— Acton. Wembley. Kingsbury. Total Scarlet Fever 66 74 22 162 Diphtheria 55 22 21 98 Other Diseases 11 — 2 122 97 43 262 The 9 deaths were as follows:— Acton. Wembley. Kingbury Total. Scarlet Fever — — — — Diphtheria 3 14 8 Other Diseases — 1 — 1 3 2 4 9 Scarlet Fever. 162 cases of Scarlet Fever were admitted, and there was no death from the disease. |
bea06741-adff-4af8-a54e-cde79a190618 | There is a big drop in the number of admissions. This of course is due to the Epidemic character of Scarlet Fever. At the present time we are in a trough of the epidemic wave of Scarlet Fever. Diphtheria. 98 cases of Diphtheria were notified and there were 8 deaths- BACTERIOLOGICAL EXAMINATIONS. (a) For Diphtheria Positive. Negative. Total Examinations 1028 116 912 Sent by Medical Practitioners 46 303 do. (re-examinations) 6 71 Sent from Isolation Hospital 42 327 do. (re-examinations) 1 4 Convalescents (1st Swabs) 4 26 33 Contacts 14 95 do. (2nd examinations) 1 44 do. |
4bc23213-bbf6-4426-8960-4fa03c48c061 | (3rd examinations) — 2 Precautionary Swabs — 9 School Sore Throats 2 31 (b) For Ringworm. Positive. Negative. Total Examinations—12 10 2 (c) For Tubercle. Positive. Negative. Total Examinations—181 41 140 MATERNITY AND CHILD WELFARE. Infantile Mortality. 62 deaths occurred in children under one year of age. This number corresponds to an infantile mortality of 61 per 1000 births. The infantile mortality is lower than that of England and Wales and that of the 107 great towns and of London. It is higher than that of most of the towns in the outer ring of London—Wimbledon with 70 and West Ham with 63 being the only two with a higher mortality. |
448b41a8-1eaa-41a3-8804-47407d1fdb6f | The infantile mortality is also higher than that of 1930, when the infantile mortality reached the record figure of 50 per 1000 births. The higher mortality has been caused by the increased number of deaths from Pneumonia. In 1931 there were 13 deaths from this cause, compared with 4 in 1930. Otitis Media or inflammation of the middle ear also accounted for 4 deaths. In last year's report I reviewed the subject in detail and there is no material change to report upon the conditions generally. Maternal Mortality. In the table giving the list of deaths it will be noticed that an additional heading has been used this year—Post abortion Sepsis. This has been rendered necessary because in the return of the Registrar General there is only one death included under Puerperal Sepsis and none under other puerperal causes. As five deaths occurred in child bearing women, it is necessary to give particulars of the deaths. |
c558fd50-11a0-4157-8452-5bc28445aee3 | It may be advantageous for other reason also. In 34 last year's annual report, particulars of the maternal deaths were given and it was difficult to suggest medical means which would have prevented the deaths. The same remark can be applied to the deaths which occurred in 1931. We are used to the statement that most of the maternal deaths are preventable, but when enquiries are made here into the circumstances, it is found that prevention is far from easy under present social conditions. The first death occurred from Paralytic Ileus following the operation of Caesarian section. The women had had 4 children previously. In the course of the previous deliveries, the Cervix had been extensively lacerated, and during the last confinement the Cervix became so oedamatous as to obstruct delivery. |
3785ea12-77c3-409a-827b-406fd84daa6a | The patient had engaged a midwife who at the confinement called in a doctor, and although the doctor may have not diagnosed the exact cause of the obstruction, he ordered her removal at once to the West Middlesex Hospital, where she was operated upon. In this case, the patient had not attended an ante-natal clinic and had not been medically examined during the pregnancy. It is doubtful, though even if the condition of the Cervix had been detected, that the complication which occurred at the confinement would have been forseen. The second death occurred from Puerperal Sepsis, and it is fairly certain that more than the ordinary precautions were taken at the confinement. The patient was in good circumstances, and the family lived in a semi-detached villa with 4 bedrooms. There was one other child 6 years of age. A doctor had been engaged for the confinement and he had examined the patient and kept her under observation during the pregnancy. |
9df1cb09-2ad9-497a-9882-193d333cb4a8 | It was an instrumental delivery, but strict asepsis had been observed. The doctor ordered a complete outfit in a sterile drum from Messrs. Bell & Croydon. Swabs were taken from the throats of both doctor and nurse and no streptococci were found. The patient was removed to Queen Charlotte's Hospital on the fifth day after the confinement, but she died soon after admission and on bacteriological examination of the discharges the Streptococcus Haemolyticus was found. The report of Dr. Bell, the Council's obstetric specialist, upon the case was that every precaution seems to have beentaken at the confinement, and the surroundings appeared to be as good as could be desired. As far as a confinement in a private house is concerned, it was difficult to suggest in what direction an improvement could be effected. The case illustrated the importance of the 35 susceptibility or immunity of the patient. This aspect of the question has not until recently been prominently raised. |
a11d2d28-da75-4955-82cc-5a9a830ebfd0 | The Maternal Mortality Committee of the Ministry of Health in its interim report reviewed the subject mainly from the point of view of the environment of the patient as she is affected by doctors, niidwives, ante-natal clinics or lack of any or all of these adjuncts. It is difficult to obtain information of the conditions which may result in the increased susceptibility of the patient to infection. Professor Mellanby and his co-workers have recently brought forward evidence regarding the importance of Vitamin A in enabling the mother to resist infection—the vitamin being administered in concentrated form as radiostoleum, and given in small doses in the weeks immediately preceeding confinement and in the week after. Radiostoleum contains 10 times as much Vitamin A as Cod Liver Oil. It is known that diet can affect the raising and lowering of the resistance of animals to infection. Young animals placed on diets deficient in Vitamin A die of sepsis. |
bb058226-66f5-463c-9543-788ba440f70c | During pregnancy there is a considerable drain of this particular vitamin from the mother to supply the foetus. The pregnant woman may be in special danger of vitamin deficiency, for she has not only to supply the needs of her own body but also the needs of a rapidly growing organism whose requirements are relatively much higher than those of the adult. It was on this assumption that Professor Mellanby treated women with excess of Vitamin A both as a prophylactic and as a curative measure. Although the numbers treated under Professor Mellanby's supervision were small, other workers in the same field have published their results, and the statistics seem to point to the efficiency of Vitamin A in the prevention of Puerperal Sepsis. |
5ceaafd1-7279-4574-a9ee-5472d33c39d1 | Professor Cameron in a paper read at the Glasgow Congress of the Royal Sanitary Institute stated that very encouraging results had been obtained in the Maternity Hospital with which he was connected from the prophylactic use of concentrated Vitamin A and the use of a haemolytic streptococcus vaccine administered just before full time. He claimed that should his experience be confirmed by other observers a distinct advance in obstetric practice will be registered. As far as normal cases are concerned, it is hoped that measures which would increase the immunity of the individual will be found and prove successful. But there is another class of case which will not be touched by any such measures. 36 Last year, in Acton, 3 women died from Sepsis following the induction of abortion. Two of the deaths were very fully reported in the press at the time. In respect of one of them proceedings were taken against a doctor, but he was acquitted. In the case of the second death, the person who induced the abortion was not traced. |
2de4309c-d038-452e-af0c-0322c03ea823 | The deceased was a single young woman employed by the man who seduced her, and who had gone to lodge with him and his wife before removal to the hospital where she died. In the third instance, the woman was married but had been separated from her husband for some years. She was removed to hospital for treatment, and she persisted in telling those who attended her that she had herself induced the abortion. Our figures are too small to drawn any conclusions, but apart from any question of figures, there is no doubt that the criminal induction of abortion is very common not only among single women but also married women. It is only when a death occurs that official notice is taken of the practice, but that the induction of abortion is common is well known to those who have to work among married women. It is only when a death occurs that anyone besides the actual participants comes to know anything. Occasionally, the women after a "successful" emergence from the ordeal will talk and they then reveal a somewhat startling state of affairs. |
5c959d6c-028e-4fe9-856d-02495549e634 | It is argued that the prevalence of abortion is the result of social and economic conditions, and is not amenable to any preventable medical action. Any argument against facing the problem seems to be sought for. No one wishes to discuss the matter. But the prevalence of abortion is connected with maternal mortality and morbidity, and with other public health problems. It is difficult to suggest any effective remedy. It is fatuous to exhort these people to abstinence, and it is certainly cruel to taunt them on its criminal aspect. Pre-Natal Clinic. The clinic is held once a fortnight in the School Clinic premises in Avenue Road and Dr. Bell is in charge. 24 sessions were held with a total of 241 attendances. This does not represent the whole of the pre-natal work done. It is explained in another paragraph that in the case of those who apply) for admission to Park Royal Hospital, Dr. |
abec430d-30ec-41f3-881f-dba05ae1c098 | Bell usually sees the expectant mothers when application is first made and generally refers them then to the pre-natal clinic at Park Royal Hospital. 37 The provision of beds for normal cases has undoubtedly enhanced the value of the work of the pre-natal clinic. Maternity Home. The most important extension of the Maternity scheme of the Council has been the provision of beds for uncomplicated cases of pregnancy. The Council has for some time felt the need for such beds. The Council has had an agreement with the authorities of the Acton Hospital for the admission and treatment of complicated cases and during the year 51 cases were admitted. The scheme for the treatment of complicated cases, though, did not include the admission of normal cases, in which the home conditions were for some reason or other unfavourable or unsatisfactory. |
af033def-f26b-4dcd-b7e9-53f7ce604d30 | We have in the district many families who live in two or at most three rooms; this refers more particularly to newly married couples, and it can be imagined that a confinement is an extremely inconvenient event in such surroundings. In many instances, one of the conditions under which rooms are let is that no confinment shall take place on the premises. There is no question of destitution or even poverty. The husband is in constant employment, and frequently the wife has also been working, and they are entitled to two maternity benefits. It is doubtful if they are eligible for admission to the local infirmary, but even if eligible the wife would not care to accept the facilities of the Public Assistance Committee. It is true that these hospitals are not now under the control of the Board of Guardians, and the old taint of the poor law is not now attached to them, yet there are many objections to them. |
7518b8f3-85a4-4006-af12-2f44c308ce37 | They are intended for the destitute, but more important is the fact that it is not feasible or possible to contract in advance for the admission of expectant mothers. The class of mothers I am referring to, would not care to avail themselves of the facilities provided at the West Middlesex Hospital even if they were eligible for admission. On the other hand they could not afford the fees charged in nursing homes. The Council was aware of the hardships endured by this class of expectant mother, and had for some time felt the need for such beds. Some years ago, a sub-committee was appointed to consider the matter, and several maternity homes were visited by the subcommittee. The project of a new maternity home did not mature. Apart from the expense, the disadvantages of a small maternity hospital were so obvious that the Council abandoned the idea. The alternative project was to contract for beds with the authorities of a large maternity hospital. 38 Last year a favourable opportunity to obtain these beds arose. |
1f714610-c3ce-462b-846e-4816fd97fa24 | The Willesden Council terminated their agreement for the admission of cases to Park Royal Hospital, and our Council came to terms with the Middlesex County Council. The agreement came into operation on April 1st, 1931. The Council pays to the Middlesex County Council at the rate of £3 per week for each person admitted. The Child Welfare Committee of our Council assesses the expectant mothers according to means. When the expectant mother makes application, she is referred to the pre-natal clinic for examination by Dr. Bell. If Dr. Bell adjudges her to be normal and straightforward the expectant mother is referred to Park Royal Hospital. Dr. Turner the Medical Superintendent has a pre-natal clinic every Monday morning and the expectant mother attends there as and when required. Between April 1st and December 31st, 50 were admitted, and at the end of the year there were 36 more waiting to be admitted in 1931. |
9df47471-c2b6-4c88-81e2-847b566ccf19 | The payments and receipts are as follows:— Payments to M.C.C. Receipts of Fees. £ s.d. £ s. d. 2nd quarter 49 14 2 21 15 0 3rd quarter 116 3 5 67 0 0 4th quarter 138 0 0 72 13 0 In the second quarter of the year 8 mothers were admitted and their total stay in the hospital was 109 days or an average of little over 13½ days each. In the third quarter 20 mothers were admitted and their total stay was 278 days or an average of nearly 14 days. We shall have to deal with a larger number of patients in the coming year, in spite of more unemployment in the district. There is no doubt as to the popularity of the scheme. We shall have to meet a changed attitude on the part of the expectant mother respecting her confinement. |
3a46fe6a-69bc-47df-aa88-9d89a195d0a7 | Formerly there was a distinct bias in the mind of the expectant mother in favour of a confinement in her own home. This may be true still of the older expectant mother, but the newly married expectant mother distinctly favours a confinement in an institution. This attitude is becoming more general throughout all ranks of society, and is due to many and varied causes. In the case of the mothers in our district who are admitted to Park Royal Hospital, the two chief causes are want of accommodation in the home and a desire for freedom from worries during the confinement. The lack of accommodation in the home has been referred to, but there have been many applications where the home accommodation is fairly satisfactory. In these cases the mothers naturally wish to have as few 39 responsibilities as possible during the confinement. They regard a confinement as a whole-time job and household responsibility as another one, and they do not wish for two wholetime jobs at the same time. Day Nursery. |
484e57ce-6f59-441d-9103-369fa46c5633 | The Nursery is situated in Bollo Bridge Road, and is open on five days a week. The Nursery was open on 229 occasions, and 3397 wholeday attendances and 70 half-day attendances were made. There is a big drop in the number of attendances. This may be due to many causes. The Matron was away last summer and her absence caused a dislocation in the work. The establishment of Nursery classes tends also to lower the attendances. There has been a revival in the number of attendances this year. Nurse Children. At the end of the year 1930, there were 52 children and at the end of the year 1931 there were 53 children on the register. The names of 32 children were removed from the register and of 33 children added, leaving a net gain of 1 child in the number on the register. |
a815cc23-9f9e-4a1c-9b3b-2ab235a75cac | The names were removed from the register on account of removal of the child from the district, and there was no death amongst the nurse children. Child Welfare Centres. Changes have been made in the arrangement of the child welfare centres during the year, and a new centre has been established in North Acton. j' During the year, the Education Committee bought premises in Avenue Road, to enable them to vacate the temporary buildings which had been erected in front of the Council Offices. Although the premises were intended primarily for the School Clinic, accommodation has been provided for the Pre-natal Clinic and Child 40 Welfare Centres at Avenue Road. The Child Welfare Centres which were established at Palmerston Road Mission Room and Church Road Church Hall are now accommodated at Avenue Road, and these are open on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday afternoons. The premises are very conveniently situated and the fact that the centres are housed in premises owned by a Committee of the Council has very many advantages. |
e2ac5c0b-f999-4e30-8673-3620d71bcd5c | The centre in the South-West is still held in the Steele Road Mission. The centre in the North-East has been moved from the East Acton School to the John Perryn School. These premises are much better arranged and at present are more conveniently situated. In the John Perryn School, two rooms are set apart for the purposes of Medical Inspection. These two rooms are so situated that mothers and infants can attend the Child Welfare Centre without having to enter the playground and the rest of the school premises. After may years of fruitless and unsuccessful efforts, a centre has been established in the North-West part of the district. This step had been repeatedly urged upon the Council by the Ministry of Health, and the Committee was awake to the need of a centre in this area. But it was impossible to find suitable premises for the purpose. Last year the Vicar and Churchwardens of St. Gabriels Church were able to offer St. |
7e703bfe-63b1-4f09-8504-7d8d959a7ec6 | Gabriels Hall for the purpose, and the Committee gratefully accepted the offer. From the attendances which have been made there, it is obvious that the facilities provided are appreciated. Seven sessions are now held weekly—4 in Avenue Road and 1 each in Steele Road Mission, John Perryn School and St. Gabriels Hall. 41. TABLE I. BIRTH-RATE, DEATH-RATE, AND ANALYSIS OK MORTALITY DURINGS THE YEAR 1931. The Mortality rates for England and Wales refer to the whole population, but for London and the towns to civilians only. Rate per 1,000 Total Population. Annual Death-rate per 1,000 Population. Rate per 1,000 Live Births Percentage of Total Deaths Live Births. Still-births. All Causes. Enteric Fever. Small-pox. Measles. Scarlet Fever. Whooping Cough. Diphtheria. |
159e8421-dcbe-4db5-9c67-e5a8d47be22f | Influenza. Violence. Diarrhoea and Enteritis (under two years). Total Deaths under one year. Certified by Registered Medical Practitioners. Inquest Cases. Certified by Coroner after P.M. No Inquest. Uncertified Causes of Death. England and Wales- 15.8 0.67 12.3 0.01 0.00 0.08 0.01 0.06 0.07 0.36 0.54 6.0 66 91.18 6.17 1.70 0.95 107 County Boroughs and Great Towns, including London 16.0 0.67 12.3 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.01 0.07 0.08 0.33 0.48 8.4 71 91.43 5.84 2. |
5b155b4f-7ef4-4f47-b79a-976485168ab4 | 24 0.49 159 Smaller Towns (1921 Adjusted Population?, 20,000- 50,000) — 15.6 0.73 11.3 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.36 0.43 4.0 62 92.17 5.49 1.25 1.09 London 15.0 0.50 12.4 0.01 .000 0.03 0.02 0.07 0.06 0.26 0.57 9.7 65 89.52 6.23 4.24 0.01 Acton 14.4 0.42 10.5 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.10 0.62 2. |
2b5711f4-eb1b-48b2-a192-d2bf424f44a4 | 0 61 90.2 6.4 3.4 0.00 The maternal mortality rates for England and Wales are as follows:— Puerperal Sepsis. Others. Total. per 1,000 Live Births 1.66 2.45 4.11 per 1,000 Total Births 1.59 2.35 3.95 42 TABLE H. VITAL STATISTICS FOR THE WHOLE DISTRICT DURING 1031 AND PREVIOUS YEARS. Year. Population estimated to Middle of each Year. Births Total Deaths Registered in the District Transferable Deaths Nett Deaths belonging to the District Nett Under 1 year of Age At all Ages Number Rate Number Rate of Non-Residents Registered in the District of Residents Registered outside Dist. Number Rate per 1,000 Births Number Rate per 1,000 inhabitants 1921 61,299 1314 21.44 445 7. |
67376f09-205f-46e2-a478-9c6e1fa0aef1 | 26 — 205 92 70 658 10.07 1922 62,170 1203 19.35 404 6.50 14 214 75 62 632 10.02 1923 62,060 1171 18.57 368 5.84 11 243 77 65 599 9.50 1924 63,945 1158 18.11 448 7.01 8 235 65 56 715 11.18 1925 64,845 1047 16.15 446 6.88 18 241 80 76 660 10.32 1926 65,760 1098 16,70 422 6.42 15 250 60 55 657 9.99 1927 66,700 1026 15.60 445 6. |
7436d30a-ae9e-49c9-a568-7ee63371ffaf | 67 21 280 62 60 704 10.55 1928 67,645 1003 14.83 470 7.08 20 244 55 55 694 10.26 1929 68,600 1026 14.96 540 7.87 21 307 85 83 826 12.04 1930 60,565 1105 15.88 440 6.33 31 284 56 50 603 9.96 1931 70,560 1018 14.43 456 6.46 35 321 62 61 742 10.52 43 TABLE III. AGES AT DEATH, AND WARD DISTRIBUTION OF DEATHS IN 1931. Causes of Deaths. Age in Years. Ward Distribution. |
43052536-3a9c-452f-80ee-417f964205d2 | All ages Under 1 year 1 and under 2 2 and under 5 5 and under 15 15 and under 25 25 and under 45 45 and under 65 65 and upwards North East. North West. South East. South West. Measles 3 - 2 1 - - - - - 2 - - 1 Poliomyelitis 1 - — - - 1 — — — — — — 1 Diphtheria 4 1 — 1 2 — — — — 4 — — — Encephalitis Lethargica 4 - — 1 — — 1 1 1 — 1 2 1 Influenza 7 - 1 1 2 — — 3 1 2 2 2 Phthisis 43 - — - 1 8 17 15 2 17 5 4 17 Other tubercular diseases 11 |
a901597e-f113-4194-9e16-a728826dd9d9 | 3 1 2 1 2 1 1 — 3 1 4 3 Cancer 98 1 1 — 1 — 13 37 45 33 21 25 19 Rheumatic Fever 1 — — — — — 1 — — — 1 - — Heart Disease 71 — — — — 3 9 12 47 21 18 14 18 Cerebral Haemorrhage 35 — — — — — 1 7 27 11 12 6 6 Arterio-scelerosis 54 — — — — — — 12 42 24 11 12 7 Diabetes 7 — — — — — — 4 3 3 2 2 — Bronchitis 57 5 1 — 1 — — 13 17 12 16 12 17 Pneumonia (all forms) 46 13 5 3 — 2 1 |
d8127f03-ef91-468d-a7cf-4ec6b5e6d938 | 9 13 10 12 8 16 Other respiratory diseases 10 — — — 1 1 3 2 3 3 4 2 1 Diarrhoea 2 2 - - - - - - - 1 — — 1 Peptic Ulcer 11 - - - - - 1 7 3 7 2 1 1 Appendicitis 2 - — — - — — 1 1 1 1 — — Cirrhosis of Liver 5 - - - - - - 5 — 1 3 - 1 Nephritis 33 — — — 1 — 4 8 20 9 9 4 11 Puerperal Sepsis 1 — — — — — 1 — — — 1 — — Other diseases or accidents of Parturition 1 - - - - - 1 - - - - - 1 Post Abortion Sepsis 3 — — — — |
5dd13729-2309-4d40-86cd-3dca9f172e73 | 1 2 — - - 2 1 - Prematurity;&c. 31 31 — — — — — — — 11 7 4 9 Suicide 10 — — — — 2 2 4 2 3 3 3 1 Other violent deaths 34 — — — 2 2 6 9 15 13 3 9 9 Other defined diseases 157 6 — 1 5 2 14 23 106 44 46 30 37 TOTALS 742 62 11 9 16 26 78 170 370 234 183 145 180 44 TABLE IV. INFANTILE MORTALITY, 1931. Causes of Death. Ages. Wards. Total Under 1 week 1—2 weeks 2—3 weeks 3—4 weeks 1—3 months 3—6 months 6—9 months |
a6c51f4e-5101-4c6c-aadc-04fc9a15106d | 9—12 months North East North West South East South West Diphtheria 1 - - - - - - - 1 1 - - - Tubercular Meningitis 3 — — — - — 1 2 - 1 — 1 1 Spina-Bifida 1 — — — - — 1 — - — — - 1 Bronchitis 5 — — — - 2 2 1 - 2 1 1 1 Pneumonia 13 — — — 1 — 5 4 3 — 2 2 9 Diarrhoea 2 — - - - 1 - - 1 1 - - 1 Premature Birth 11 5 - 1 1 3 1 - - 3 2 1 5 Congenital Heart Disease 3 — 1 — 1 — 1 — — 1 — 1 1 Injury at Birth 1 1 — — - — — |
7717350e-4490-4c04-be45-9d34d344bfa5 | - - - - 1 - White Asphyxia 1 1 — — - — — - — — 1 - - Hydrocephalus 2 — — — - — 1 — 1 1 — - 1 Pyloric Stenosis 4 — — — 1 1 2 - - 3 — - 1 Marasmus 4 - - - - 1 2 1 - 2 2 - - Atelectasis 1 1 - - - - - - - - 1 - - Teething 1 — — — - — — 1 — 1 — - - Neglect at Birth 1 1 - - - - - - - - - 1 — Prolonged Labour 1 1 — — - - - - - - 1 - - Convulsions 1 - - - - 1 - - - - 1 - - Sarcoma 1 — - - - - - - 1 - - - 1 Septicaemia |
77689e0e-0ad3-4dc3-b88c-b086d373b839 | 1 — 1 — - — — — — — 1 — - Otitis Media 4 — — — — 2 1 — 1 1 — 1 2 TOTALS 62 10 2 1 4 11 17 9 8 17 12 9 24 45 TABLE V. CASES OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE NOTIFIED DURING THE YEAR, 1931. Notifiable Disease. Cases notified in whole District. At Ages—Years. Ward Distribution. At all Ages under 1 1 to 5 1 to 15 15 to 25 26 to 45 46 to 65 Over 65 North East North West South East South West Small-Pox 2 1 - - - 1 - - 2 - - - Scarlet-Fever 95 1 23 50 11 10 - - 44 17 18 16 Diphtheria 61 2 14 |
39c8e974-5dc0-4a1c-9463-4817437670e3 | 35 4 6 - - 22 8 9 22 Cerebro-Spinal Meningitis 1 — - - 1 - - - - - - 1 Acute Anterior'PoIiomyelitis 2 - - 2 - - - - - 1 - 1 Pneumonia 24 3 5 2 3 6 4 1 6 6 2 10 Puerperal Fever 3 — - - - 3 - - - 1 - 2 Encephalitis Lethargica 4 — 1 - - 2 1 - 1 2 - 1 Ophthalmia Neonatorum 5 5 - - - - - - 1 - 1 3 Puerperal Pyrexia 6 — - - 4 2 - - 2 1 2 1 Erysipelas 15 — 1 - 2 5 6 1 3 |
a644959d-5422-4c16-9f86-eb0462cf5007 | 4 3 5 Tuberculosis (resp.) 80 - - 4 26 32 18 - 25 15 17 23 Tuberculosis (other) 14 1 4 5 1 3 - - 4 2 2 6 TOTALS 312 13 48 98 52 70 29 2 110 57 54 91 46 OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM. Cases. Vision unimpaired. Vision impaired. Total Blindness. Deaths. Notified. Treated. At home. In hospital. 5 3 2 o — — — 47 TABLE 6. CASES REMOVED TO HOSPITAL. Total Notified. |
dbe148f0-7544-4954-bafa-56713c432a5b | Small-Pox 2 2 Scarlet Fever 67 95 Diphtheria 58 61 Pneumonia 10 24 Cerebro-Spinal Meningitis 1 1 Puerperal Fever 2 3 Encephalitis Lethargica 2 4 Puerperal Pyrexia 4 6 Erysipelas 7 15 Acute Anterior Poliomyelitis 1 2 TABLE 7. BIRTHS. Male Female. Live Births. Total 501 518 Legitimate 473 489 Illegitimate 28 29 Still Births. Total 16 14 Legitimate 14 14 Illegitimate 2 — Notified Live Births. Ward Distribution. Total Births notified in the district Total. N. East. N. West. S. East. S. West. |
0019c4c2-934e-4e1a-99fa-79b4e137ba7e | 752 231 168 94 259 Notifications received from other districts 240 82 45 47 66 Births registered but not previously notified 9 2 3 1 3 1001 315 216 142 328 Notified Still Births Inside 18. Outside 10 Total 28 Notifications were received from:— Doctors and Parents 691 Midwives 329 Table 8. INFANT WELFARE CENTRES, 1931. |
918cb894-eacc-4080-addb-3b1975a41bcf | Number of Centres provided and maintained by the Council 4 Total number of attendances at all centres during the year:— (a) by children under 1 year of age 11;409 (b) by children between 1 and 5 years of age 5,763 48 Average attendance of children per session 53 Number of children who attended for the first time -during the year:— (a) under 1 year of age 740 (b) between 1 and 5 years of age 260 Percentage of notified live births represented by number of children who attended a centre for the first time during the year 74.5 Children treated at Dental Clinic 172 Children treated at Ophthalmic Clinic 10 Mothers treated at Ophthamlic Clinic 1 Children treated for Enlarged Tonsils and Adenoids 13 TABLE 9. ANTE-NATAL CLINIC. Number of attendances by Dr. |
e9c675bb-7822-453f-a56a-b8c3c2f4d742 | Bell 24 Number of Expectant Mothers who attended 175 Number of attendances made by Expectant Mothers 241 Mothers referred for Dental treatment at the Clinic 46 Mothers supplied with Dentures 16 Expectant Mothers to whom Dried Milk was supplied 29 Number of packets of Dried Milk supplied 339 TABLE 10. INQUESTS. Inquests—48. |
aeb42e78-3fe6-4b80-bc45-58c3f0a5172e | Accidental fall — 12 Accidental burns 3 Suicide 10 Abortion 3 Knocked down by: Found drowned 1 Motor Car 8 Accidental drowning 1 Motor Lorry 3 Teething 1 Tramcar 2 Epileptic Fit 1 a cycle 1 Diabetes 1 a Railway Engine 1 Coroner's Certificate after Post-Mortem without Inquest—25 Pneumonia 4 Diabetes 1 Thrombosis of Coronary Artery — 4 Cancer 1 Cerebral Haemorrhage 1 49 Fatty Heart 2 Cerebellar Haemorrhage 1 Heart Disease 1 Arterio scelerosis 1 Congenital Heart Disease 1 Abscess of brain 1 Rupture of Aorta 1 Bronchitis 1 Neglect at birth 1 Peptic Ulcer 1 Tuberculosis 1 Status Lymphaticus 1 Epilepsy 1 FACTORIES, WORKSHOPS AND WORKPLACES. |
2606667a-b7f2-4e61-b5ab-619486db9f91 | 1.—Inspection of Factories, Workshops and Workplaces including Inspections made by Sanitary Inspectors. Number of Premises. Inspections. Written Notices. (1) - (2) (3) Factories — 96 18 (Including Factory Laundries). Workshops 449 14 (Including Workshop Laundries) Workplaces 23 Nil. (Other than Outworkers' Premises). Total 568 32 2.—Defects found in Factories, Workshops and Workplaces. Nuisances under the Public Health Acts:— Particulars. Found. Remedied. |
05f1228e-4e89-4f94-80d2-52f5b8ef871e | (1) (2) (3) Want of Cleanliness 38 38 Want of Ventilation Nil Nil Overcrowding Nil Nil Want of drainage of Floors Nil Nil Other Nuisances 9 9 Sanitary Accommodation:— Insufficient 14 14 Unsuitable or defective 23 23 Not separate for sexes Nil Nil Offences under the Factory and Workshop Acts:— Illegal Occupation of underground Bakehouses Nil Nil * Other Offences Nil Nil Total 84 84 3.—Outwork in unwholesome premises, Section 108 Nil 50 STAFF. D. J. Thomas, m.r.c.s., l.r.c.p., d.p.h., Medical Officer of Health. (Medical Superintendent of the Isolation Hospital and School Medical Officer). M. W. Kinch. Member of the Royal Sanitary Institute, holds Meat and Smoke Certificates; Chief Sanitary Inspector (Inspector under Diseases of Animals Acts and the Rag Flock Act). J.J. Jenkins. |
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