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English Football League players
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary%20Hamilton%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201980%29
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Blackburn Rovers F.C. players
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary%20Hamilton%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201980%29
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35
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Rochdale A.F.C. players
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary%20Hamilton%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201980%29
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Raufoss IL players
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary%20Hamilton%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201980%29
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Portadown F.C. players
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary%20Hamilton%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201980%29
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Glentoran F.C. players
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary%20Hamilton%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201980%29
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NIFL Premiership players
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary%20Hamilton%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201980%29
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Expatriate men's footballers in Norway
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary%20Hamilton%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201980%29
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Men's association football forwards
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary%20Hamilton%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201980%29
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The relations between Sweden and the United States reach back to the days of the American Revolutionary War. The Kingdom of Sweden was the first country not formally engaged in the conflict (although around a hundred Swedish volunteers partook on the side of the Patriots) to recognize the United States before the Treat...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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In the 1800s, relations were largely cordial. Masses of Swedes emigrated to the United States from the 1840s–1920s, estimated at around a quarter of the Swedish population. The immigrants were eager for the promise of opportunity and land; many settled in the American Midwest. The result was a substantial Swedish Am...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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During the Cold War, Sweden did not join NATO and maintained a neutral status between the Western and Eastern Bloc, although its democratic and mixed capitalist approach was generally more in tune with the West and the United States. After the end of the Vietnam War, which was deeply unpopular in Sweden, relations bet...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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United States supports Sweden's NATO membership. Under a comprehensive mandate, Sweden's nonalignment policy has led it to serve as the protecting power for the United States and to represent Washington in North Korea on consular matters.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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U.S. President Joe Biden approved the NATO membership of Finland and Sweden in August 2022.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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History
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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Colonies and early United States
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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Like many European powers, Sweden participated in the colonization of America that started in the 17th century. The first Swedish colony along the banks of the Delaware River was established in 1638 (see New Sweden).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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Sweden under king Gustavus III was the first country not engaged in the American Revolutionary War to recognize the young American republic. The Swedish Count Axel von Fersen was a distinguished soldier during the war, serving as an interpreter between General Rochambeau and General Washington. Also the Swedish count C...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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In 1783 the United States' Ambassador to Paris, Benjamin Franklin, and the Swedish Ambassador, Count Gustaf Philip Creutz, signed a Treaty of Amity and Commerce.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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From 1801-02, Sweden was allied with the United States during the First Barbary War, fought against the Barbary corsairs to prevent further disruption of trade in the Mediterranean Sea.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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Emigration
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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During the period between 1820–1930 approximately 1.3 million Swedes, a third of the country's population, emigrated to North America and most of them to the United States. Like the Irish diaspora it was sparked by poverty in Sweden, which was exacerbated during bad years. Only Britain (especially Ireland) and Norway h...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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Worsening relations
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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The first Swedish head of government who met with a US President was Prime Minister Tage Erlander, who visited Harry S. Truman at the White House in 1952.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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The period between 1960 and 1968 also marked a cold period in the political relations between Sweden and the U.S., mainly due to the Swedish government's vocal opposition to the Vietnam War. In February 1968, the US recalled its Ambassador from Sweden after the Swedish Minister of Education and future prime minister Ol...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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Warmer period
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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Relations improved when Thorbjörn Fälldin became Swedish prime minister in 1976, and following the assassination of Olof Palme in 1986 and the succession of Ingvar Carlsson as new Prime Minister, Swedish-American relations improved. Ingvar Carlsson met with President Ronald Reagan in 1987, the first time that a Swedish...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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Carlsson's successor as Prime Minister, Carl Bildt, visited both President George H. W. Bush in 1992 and President Bill Clinton in 1994.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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Immediately after the September 11, 2001 attacks, the Swedish government expressed its sympathies with the U.S. and supported the U.S.-led invasion of Afghanistan. However, like many other European governments, Sweden opposed the 2003 invasion of Iraq, reasoning that the invasion was a breach of international law. Howe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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In the Statement of Government Policy presented to the Riksdag on October 6, 2006, the new centre-right Prime Minister Fredrik Reinfeldt declared that the new government will work for a "strengthening of the transatlantic link". Reinfeldt's party, the Moderate Party, is more pro-American than the social democrats and s...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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According to a 2012 Gallup poll, 36% of Swedes approve of U.S. leadership, with 30% disapproving and 34% uncertain.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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Following President Donald Trump's first 2020 presidential campaign rally at which he referred to "what's happening last night in Sweden" the Swedish government requested clarification from the U.S. State Department in regards to Trump's understanding of what was going on in Sweden. On February 19, the Cabinet of Swede...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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On March 6, 2018 Prime Minister Stefan Löfven visited the United States and met with President Donald Trump.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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In June 2019, American rapper ASAP Rocky, real name Rakim Mayers, was arrested and held on remand in Sweden over a physical altercation in Stockholm. President Donald Trump made several tweets where he demanded that the Swedish government release Mayers. A spokesperson for prime minister Löfven released a statement in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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Relations
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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Economic
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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The United States and Sweden have strong economic relations. The United States is, as of 2022, the third-largest Swedish export trade partner, and U.S. companies are the most represented foreign companies in Sweden.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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Military
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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Although Sweden has a longstanding policy of political neutrality in international affairs, Sweden decided to apply for full membership of NATO in May 2022, following the Russian attack on Ukraine. Sweden is a participant in the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council. Sweden currently participates with around 500 troops in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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During the Cold War, the Swedish government secretly made preparations to receive military aid from the United States in case of Soviet aggression.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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Sweden also aided the US in secrecy, possibly most famously when four Swedish pilots were awarded US Air Medals for saving the highly classified Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird spy plane from Soviet hands. The US pilots of the SR-71 has stated that had Sweden not intervened and escorted the plane to safety a dramatic escalati...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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Cultural links
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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Reflecting the fact that Sweden has a higher proportion of English speakers than most other countries which were never part of the British Empire, Swedish producers and songwriters have played a significant role in the sound of American pop music since the 1990s. One in particular, Max Martin, has written and produced...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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List of visits
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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See also
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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Foreign relations of Sweden
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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Foreign relations of the United States
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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Embassy of Sweden, Washington, D.C.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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Ambassadors of Sweden to the United States
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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Ambassadors of the United States to Sweden
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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Swedish response to Hurricane Katrina
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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References
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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Further reading
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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Adamson, R. "Swedish iron exports to the United States, 1783–1860" Scandinavian Economic History Review, (1969) 17(1), 58–114.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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Biltekin, Nevra. "Migrating women and transnational relations: Swedish-American connections since the 1920s." Scandinavian Journal of History (2021): 1-19. online
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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Blanck, Dag, and Adam Hjorthén, eds. Swedish-American Borderlands: New Histories of Transatlantic Relations (U of Minnesota Press, 2021).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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Blanck, Dag. "'Very Welcome Home Mr. Swanson': Swedish Americans Encounter Homeland Swedes." American Studies in Scandinavia 48.2 (2016): 107-121. online On the 250,000 who went to USA but returned to Sweden.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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Kastrup, Allan. "Swedish heritage in America" (1975) online
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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Kronvall, Olof. "US–Scandinavian Relations Since 1940." in the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics. (Oxford University Press, 2020)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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8ae75863c60be630f8517b4ecc20a5777cc10b2d3a81bd0b95f35b33258bb82b
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Mays, Christin. "Have Money, Will Travel. Scholarships and Academic Exchange between Sweden and the United States, 1912-1980 (Uppsala: Uppsala University Press, 2022).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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Müller, Leos. “Swedish-American Trade and the Swedish Consular Service, 1780-1840,” International Journal of Maritime History 14#1 (2002) 173–188.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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O’Dell, Tom. Culture Unbound: Americanization and Everyday Life in Sweden (Lund: Nordic Academic Press, 1997).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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External links
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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Nordstjernan - The Swedish Newspaper in America
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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History of Sweden - U.S. relations
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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United States
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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Bilateral relations of the United States
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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Relations of colonizer and former colony
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations
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The National Fund for Scientific Research (NFSR) (Dutch: Nationaal Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NFWO), French: Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS)) was once a government institution in Belgium for supporting scientific research until it was split into two separate organizations:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Fund%20for%20Scientific%20Research
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the Dutch-speaking Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek – Vlaanderen (FWO) (Research Foundation – Flanders) for the Flemish Community
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Fund%20for%20Scientific%20Research
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and
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Fund%20for%20Scientific%20Research
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the French-speaking Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique – FNRS (F.R.S.–FNRS) for the French Community.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Fund%20for%20Scientific%20Research
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The task of the FWO and F.R.S.–FNRS is to stimulate the development of new knowledge in all scientific disciplines. The means to achieve this, is to finance excellent scientists and research projects after an inter-University competition and with an evaluation by foreign experts. The criterion for support is the scient...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Fund%20for%20Scientific%20Research
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Both institutions, the FWO and the F.R.S.–FNRS, are located in the same building at Egmontstraat 5 rue d'Egmont in B-1000 Brussels.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Fund%20for%20Scientific%20Research
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History
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Fund%20for%20Scientific%20Research
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The National Fund for Scientific Research (NFSR) was founded on 2 June 1928 after a call by king Albert I of Belgium for more resources for scientific research. On 1 October 1927, in a speech at Cockerill in Seraing, King Albert I strongly emphasized the importance of scientific research to the economic development of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Fund%20for%20Scientific%20Research
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Financial support initially came from the public, and from the Solvay family that gave 100 million Belgian francs. Financial contributions from the state were not needed until 1947. Today, part of the funding still comes from non-governmental sources, such as from the charitable television station Télévie.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Fund%20for%20Scientific%20Research
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The NFSR was the first Belgian organization to finance fundamental scientific research. Among the earliest projects funded were the stratosphere flights of professor Auguste Piccard. The FNRS-1 was a balloon that set a world altitude record. The NFSR also funded the FNRS-2, which was the first ever bathyscaphe built.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Fund%20for%20Scientific%20Research
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Some early funded projects
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Fund%20for%20Scientific%20Research
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Archaeology
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Fund%20for%20Scientific%20Research
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Series of excavations at Apamea in Syria (1930-)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Fund%20for%20Scientific%20Research
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Excavations on Easter Island in (1934–1935)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Fund%20for%20Scientific%20Research
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Geography
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Fund%20for%20Scientific%20Research
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Expedition to Rwenzori (1932)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Fund%20for%20Scientific%20Research
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Physics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Fund%20for%20Scientific%20Research
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Stratospheric aerostat (1930) and bathyscaphe (1947) of Auguste Piccard
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Fund%20for%20Scientific%20Research
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Participation at the Jungfraujoch observatory
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Fund%20for%20Scientific%20Research
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An observatory for Earth's magnetic field at Manhay and Lubumbashi (1932)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Fund%20for%20Scientific%20Research
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See also
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Fund%20for%20Scientific%20Research
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Belgian Federal Science Policy Office
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Fund%20for%20Scientific%20Research
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Science and technology in Belgium
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Fund%20for%20Scientific%20Research
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Science and technology in the Brussels-Capital Region
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Fund%20for%20Scientific%20Research
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Science and technology in Flanders
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Fund%20for%20Scientific%20Research
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Science and technology in Wallonia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Fund%20for%20Scientific%20Research
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Belgian Interdisciplinary Platform for Industrial Biotechnology
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Fund%20for%20Scientific%20Research
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Institute for the promotion of Innovation by Science and Technology
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Fund%20for%20Scientific%20Research
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Belgian Academy Council of Applied Sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Fund%20for%20Scientific%20Research
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Belgian Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Fund%20for%20Scientific%20Research
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Belgian Physical Society
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Fund%20for%20Scientific%20Research
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Flanders Interuniversity Institute of Biotechnology
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Fund%20for%20Scientific%20Research
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