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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ART001206066 | oai_dc | 발기부전환자에서 Vardenafil이 하부요로증상에 미치는 영향 | Vardenafil Improves Lower Urinary Tract ymptoms in Patients of Erectile Dysfunction | {
"journal_name": "대한남성과학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"송승훈(포천중문의과대학교); 홍범식(울산대학교); 유달산(서울아산병원(울산대부설)); 안태영(울산대학교)"
] | 비뇨기과학 | null | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||||
ART001206067 | oai_dc | 다종의 경구용 발기부전치료제 시대를 맞아 대학병원을 찾는 발기부전환자의 발기부전치료에 대한 인식도 | Perceptions of Erectile Dysfunction Treatment of Patients Visiting a University Hospital in the Era of Multiple Oral Agents | {
"journal_name": "대한남성과학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"김민수(중앙대학교); 명순철(중앙대학교); 김세철(중앙대학교)"
] | 비뇨기과학 | null | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||||
ART001009866 | oai_dc | 페이로니병에서 Tamoxifen 단독요법과 L-Carnitine과 Tamoxifen의 복합요법의 치료효과 비교 | Tamoxifen Only versus L-Carnitine and Tamoxifen in the Oral
Therapy of Peyronie's Disease | {
"journal_name": "대한남성과학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"윤창준(영남대학교); 문기학(영남대학교)"
] | 비뇨기과학 | null | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||||
ART001009867 | oai_dc | 만성 식물상태 환자의 수면중발기에 관한 연구 | Sleep-Related Erections (SREs) in Chronic Vegetative State Patients | {
"journal_name": "대한남성과학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"서창덕(한림대학교 ); 고경태(한림대학교 ); 박성열(한림대학교 ); 이상욱(한림대학교 ); 이원기(한림대학교 ); 김성용(한림대학교 ); 김하영(한림대학교 ); 양대열(한림대학교 )"
] | 비뇨기과학 | null | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||||
ART001010017 | oai_dc | 혈중 총 테스토스테론치와 남성갱년기 증상의 연관성 | The Relationship between Serum Total Testosterone and Clinical Symptoms of Late-onset Hypogonadism in Aging Males | {
"journal_name": "대한남성과학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"박현준(부산대학교); 박부경(부산대학교); 김정만(부산대학교); 박남철(부산대학교)"
] | 비뇨기과학 | null | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||||
ART001009865 | oai_dc | 정자 특이적 양이온 채널 CatSper Family의 특징과 역할,그리고 임상적 유용성 | Sperm-specific Cation Channels, CatSper Family; Characteristics,
Function, and Clinical Value | {
"journal_name": "대한남성과학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"최영진(연세대학교); 천강우(포천중문의과대학교); 서주태(성균관대학교)"
] | 비뇨기과학 | null | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||||
ART001010018 | oai_dc | 불량한 전신상태를 가진 재발성 급성요폐 환자에서 경요도적 전립선내 알코올주입요법의 효과 | Effect of Transurethral Ethanol Injection of Prostate for Recurrent Urinary Retention in Patients with a Poor Performace Status | {
"journal_name": "대한남성과학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"조경하(동국대학교); 이경섭(동국대학교)"
] | 비뇨기과학 | null | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||||
ART001010019 | oai_dc | 고지방식이로 유도한 비만쥐에서 Metformin이 음경 산화질소합성효소 발현에 미치는 영향 | Effect of Metformin on the Expression of Nitric Oxide Synthase in High Fat Fed Obese Rats | {
"journal_name": "대한남성과학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"윤창준(영남대학교); 전우성(영남대학교); 김용운(영남대학교); 문기학(영남대학교)"
] | 비뇨기과학 | null | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||||
ART001010020 | oai_dc | 감압병과 동반된 발기부전과 신경인성 방광 1례 | A Case of Neurogenic Bladder and Erectile Dysfunction due to Decompression Sickness | {
"journal_name": "대한남성과학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"김한석(고신대학교); 김두용(고신대학교); 성병주(고신대학교); 김성주(고신대학교); 정재민(고신대학교); 최성(고신대학교)"
] | 비뇨기과학 | null | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||||
ART001009868 | oai_dc | 홍삼추출물이 토끼의 음핵해면체 이완에 미치는 효과 | Effect of Korean Red Ginseng on the elaxation of Clitoral Corpus Cavernosum in Rabbit | {
"journal_name": "대한남성과학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"김선옥(전남대학교); 김민경(전남대학교); 채명정(전남대학교); 김휘영(전남대학교); 박종관(전북대학교); 박광성(전남대학교)"
] | 비뇨기과학 | null | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||||
ART001170966 | oai_dc | 근치적 전립선적출술 후 발기부전에 영향을 미치는 요인 및 치료 | Korea's Main Port Competitiveness to Introduce a Free Trade Zone | {
"journal_name": "대한남성과학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"조인래(인제대학교); 정연환(인제대학교); 이건철(인제대학교부속일산백병원); 전준성(인제대학교); 김종구(인제대학교); 박석산(인제대학교)"
] | Purpose: Radical prostatectomy is the gold standard treatment for clinically localized prostate cancer, a disease whose incidence is increasing. Erectile dysfunction(ED) after radical prostatectomy influences a patient's quality of life significantly. So we evaluated the correlation of preoperative and postoperative factors with postoperative ED and its treatment.
Materials and Methods: Hospital records of 27 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy by one surgeon at our department were retrospectively reviewed. We performed univariate analyses to correlate preoperative prognostic factors with intaoperative factors and postoperative variables.
Results: Excluding 10 patients who had preoperative ED, erectile dysfunction developed in 10 of 17 patients, and the rate was higher in the older age group(p=0.02). Patients underwent non-nerve sparing radical prostatectomy maintained their potency in 0.0% (0/1) comparative with 44.4% (4/9) in unilateral nerve sparing and 42.9% (3/7) in bilateral nerve sparing surgery. Patients with preexisting comorbidity, such as cardiovascular disease(OR=2.38) and margin positivity(OR=4.67) had greater risk of postoperative ED. In 8 erectile dysfunction patients, 3 sildenafil-treated and 2 alprostadil-treated patients showed improvement one year after the operation.
Conclusions: Older patients have greater risk of postoperative ED, and they have more preexisting risk factors including hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and margin positivity. | 비뇨기과학 | null | kci_detailed_000254.xml | |||
ART001170923 | oai_dc | 전립선비대증과 발기부전: 그 연관성의 실체는? | The Relationship between Benign Prostate Hyperplasia and Erectile Dysfunction: What is Reality? | {
"journal_name": "대한남성과학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"정우식(이화여자대학교)"
] | Both erectile dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS) associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia are highly prevalent among men over age 50 years, and both can detract from overall quality of life. While both of these conditions increase with age, it is not clear if they are related beyond this age association. Many recent comprehensive population-based studies have provided epidemiological evidence of a clear and clinically meaningful association between the two conditions. Several underlying mechanisms responsible for this association have been suggested and studied. With our knowledge of the relationship between LUTS and male erectile dysfunction has come a new insight into the evaluation and management of patients with both conditions. Additional basic research and clinical studies are required to gain a better understanding of their relationship, and an appropriate integrated management approach is warranted for men with LUTS and erectile dysfunction. | 비뇨기과학 | null | kci_detailed_000254.xml | |||
ART000983730 | oai_dc | 후기발생 저성선증에서 Testosterone Undecanoate(Andriol？) 투여 후 혈중 테스토스테론 농도의 증가 | Oral Testosterone Undecanoate(Andriol？) for Increasing Serum Testosterone Level in Late Onset Hypogonadism atients | {
"journal_name": "대한남성과학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"배재현(고려대학교); 이종(고려대학교); 김진욱(); 김노수(고려대학교); 윤종현(고려대학교); 문두건(고려대학교); 김제종(고려대학교)"
] | 비뇨기과학 | null | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||||
ART001171007 | oai_dc | 하부요로증상을 가진 전립선비대증 환자에서 전립선 크기, 연령, 전립선특이항원과 남성호르몬과의 관계에 관한 연구 | Study of Prostate Volume, Age, Serum Prostate Specific Antigen and Testosterone in Patients with Benign Prostate Hyperplasia with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms | {
"journal_name": "대한남성과학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"이민우(전북대학교); 박종관(전북대학교)"
] | Purpose: The development of benign prostate hyperplasia(BPH) is attributed to aging and the presence of testis. We studied the relationships between serum prostate specific antigen(PSA), testosterone, age, andprostate volume in patients with BPH with lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS).
Materials and Methods: From January 2003 to June 2004, 197 men with BPH with LUTS were evaluated for prostate volume with transrectal ultrasonography. From a serum sample collected between 9 and 11 AM, total PSA, free PSA, serum total testosterone, and free testosterone were measured.
Results: The average age was 61.0±11.3 years, and the average prostate volume was 34.2±16.7 ml. Age had a significant correlation with total PSA, free PSA, and prostate volume but an inverse correlation with free testosterone. Also, prostate volume showed a significant correlation with serum total PSA and free PSA but an inverse correlation with free testosterone.
Conclusions: Age correlates positively with serum PSA and prostate volume but negatively with serum free testosterone. Prostate volume correlates positively with serum PSA but negatively with serum free testosterone. | 비뇨기과학 | null | kci_detailed_000254.xml | |||
ART000983857 | oai_dc | 여성의 질각성 반응을 연구하기 위한 백서 실험모델의 수립 | Establishment of an In Vivo Rat Model to Investigate Female Vaginal Arousal Response | {
"journal_name": "대한남성과학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"김태범(서울대학교); 양지현(서울대학교); 백재승(서울대학교); 김수웅(서울대학교)"
] | Purpose: We established a rat model to investigate the female vaginal arousal response and the effects of the estrous cycle on vaginal blood flow in vivo.
Materials and Methods: Laser Doppler flowmetry was used to measure changes in vaginal blood flow induced by pelvic nerve stimulation(PNS) in 30 female Sprague-Dawley rats. Frequency response data were obtained in each animal. In addition, the rat's stage in the estrous cycle was determined according to the cell types observed in a vaginal smear. Changes in blood flow at 10 Hz frequency caused maximal response, and these responses were evaluated by comparing the relative peak flow, time to peak, duration of response, and relative area under the curve(AUC) according to the estrous cycle.
Results: Reproducible frequency dependent increases in vaginal blood flow were observed in response to PNS. Relative peak flow, time to peak, duration of response and relative AUC were slightly greater in proestrus and estrus groups(relatively higher estradiol level, n=17) than those in metestrus and diestrus groups(relatively lower estradiol level, n=13). However, these differences were not statistically significant.
Conclusions: Our data suggest that the rat is a useful and reliable animal model for investigating the vaginal arousal response. In addition, the estrous cycle of the animal does not seem to be an important confounding factor in this animal model. | 비뇨기과학 | null | kci_detailed_000254.xml | |||
ART001170313 | oai_dc | 제2형 당뇨쥐 음경해면체 내 Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1α, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor 및 Nitric Oxide Synthase의 발현 변화 | Penile Expression of Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1α, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, and Nitric Oxide Synthase in the Type II Diabetic Rat | {
"journal_name": "대한남성과학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"박현준(부산대학교); 박부경(부산대학교); 박남철(부산대학교)"
] | Purpose: Erectile dysfunction(ED) is commonly experienced in men with diabetes mellitus. Hypoxia in the penile tissue by vascular complications is regarded as a pathophysiologic factor in diabetic ED. The aim of this study is to investigate whether HIF-1α is altered in diabetic penile tissues and whether its alteration may modulate penile expression of VEGF and NOS, which are believed to play a role in diabeteic ED.
Materials and Methods: OLETF rats, an animal model for type II diabetes mellitus, and LETO rats, a non-diabetic control group, were used. We analyzed the distribution of HIF-1α, VEGF, and NOS(eNOS and iNOS) in the isolated corupus cavernosum of both LETO and OLETF rats by immunohistochemicalstaining. The mRNA expression levels of HIF-1α, VEGF, eNOS, and iNOS were also analyzed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).
Results: There was no difference in the concentration of nitrite/nitrate in cavernosal homogenate between LETO rats and OLETF rats. By immunohistochemical staining. HIF-1α, VEGF, and iNOS were expressed more abundantly in stain in OLETF rats. By RT-PCR analysis, HIF-1α mRNA, VEGF mRNA and iNOS mRNA expression levels were higher in the OLETF rats compared to LETO rats.
Conclusions: We suggest that increased HIF-1α, VEGF and iNOS expressions in OLETF rat may be associated with microvascular injury in corpus cavernosum. Such microvascular injury is proposed to be associated with vasculogenic erectile dysfunction. | 비뇨기과학 | null | kci_detailed_000254.xml | |||
ART001170965 | oai_dc | 세 가지 경구용 Phosphodiesterase-5(PDE-5) 억제제의 선호요인 분석 | The Analysis of Preference for Three PDE-5 Inhibitors | {
"journal_name": "대한남성과학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"윤창준(영남대학교); 박재신(대구가톨릭대학교); 이경섭(동국대학교); 신혈철(보람병원); 이용우(대구비뇨기과개원의협의회); 이성호(영남대학교); 문기학(영남대학교); 유은상(경북대학교)"
] | Purpose: To evaluate the preference factors for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) with three different kinds of PDE-5 inhibitors.
Materials and Methods: This prospective, open-label study recruited 140 patients from 5 medical centers and urological clinics in the Daegu and Gyeongbuk area of South Korea. All patients underwent sildenafil, tadalafil, and vardenafil therapy with at least four attempts at sexual intercourse for each medication. There was a 1-week drug washout period following each medication period. Patients were asked to state their preference among the three medications.
Results: The mean age of the 140 patients was 50.9 years. Most patients had mild-to-moderate ED(57 patients, 40.7%) and moderate ED(47 patients, 33.6%), the remaining patients had mild(23 patients, 16.4%) or severe ED (13 patients, 9.3%). Of 140 evaluated patients, 58(41.3%) patients preferred treatment with tadalafil, compared with 39(28.1%) with sildenafil and 37(26.6%) with vardenafil. When grouped by age, tadalafil was most preferred by men in their 30s and 40s(42.9%, 57.5%), sildenafil was preferred by those in their 50s(48.3%), and vardenafil was preferred by those in their 60s(51.6%). The reasons for specific preferences were prolonged erectile function (68.0%) and good erectile function(66.0%) for tadalafil, good erectile function (88.2%) for the sildenafil, and good rigidity of the erect penis(59.4%) for vardenafil.
Conclusions: Tadalafil was most preferred among the phosphodiesterase inhibitors, but the preference rates varied for men of different ages. All the medications were well tolerated. | 비뇨기과학 | null | kci_detailed_000254.xml | |||
ART001171008 | oai_dc | 분자 자기공명영상을 이용한 토끼 음경해면체에 이식된 인간중배엽줄기세포 추적관찰 | Monitoring Transplanted Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Rabbit Bladder Using Molecular MRI | {
"journal_name": "대한남성과학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"송윤섭(순천향대학교); 이공희(순천향대학교); 박영호(순천향대학교); 김정훈(순천향대학교); 최동호(순천향대학교); 전진석(순천향대학교); 김숙자(순천향대학교); 정희정(순천향대학교); 원종호(순천향대학교)"
] | Purpose: Monitoring the biological changes in transplanted stem cells is important. Molecular magnetic resonance (MR) imaging using superparamagnetic iron oxide nanocrystals(SPIO) has been developed for noninvasive monitoring of stem cells. This study was performed to investigate whether the biological status of transplanted human mesenchymal stem cells(hMSCs) in the rabbit penis can be monitored noninvasively using molecular MR imaging.
Materials and Methods: SPIO(Feridex; AMI, Cambridge, MA, USA) were transferred into hMSCs using GenePORTER. The labeling efficiency, viability, and differentiation of the SPIO-containing hMSCs were examined with Trypan blue, Von Kossa, alkaline phosphatase, toluidine, blueoil red O, and Prussian blue staining. SPIO-labeled hMSCs were transplanted into the rabbit penis, and MR images of them were examined in vitro or in vivo using 1.5 T MR. Histologic examination was performed.
Results: The viability and efficiency of the SPIO-transferred hMSCs were good. Osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation from SPIO-containing hMSCs were found. A decrease in MR signal intensity in the SPIO-containing hMSCs was found in vitro. MR signal intensity in the areas of the SPIO-transferred hMSEc in the rabbit penis decreased and were confined locally. Intracellular SPIO were confirmed in the hMSCs transferred into penis.
Conclusions: SPIO-labeled hMSCs in the rabbit penis can be evaluated noninvasively using molecular MR imaging. | 비뇨기과학 | null | kci_detailed_000254.xml | |||
ART001170314 | oai_dc | 고콜레스테롤혈증 암컷 백서 모델에서 고려홍삼이 질혈류 및 조직에 미치는 효과 | Effect of Korean Red Ginseng on Vaginal Blood Flow and Structure in Hypercholesterolemic Female Rats | {
"journal_name": "대한남성과학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"이현숙(전남대학교); 이미나(전남대학교); 황인상(전남대학교); 김선옥(전남대학교); 안규윤(전남대학교); 박광성(전남대학교)"
] | Purpose: The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of Korean Red Ginseng(KRG) on vaginal blood flow and histological changes in a hypercholesterolemic female rat model.
Materials and Methods: Female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups: the control(n=20) and the hypercholesterolemia(n=40). Hypercholesterolemia group was fed a high fat diet(2% cholesterol, 1% cholic acid, 5% coconut oil) for 12 weeks. The hypercholesterolemia group was further divided into the vehicle only and the KRG treatment(50 mg/kg/day) groups. After 4 and 8 weeks of treatment, vaginal blood flow was measured by a laser Doppler flowmeter. Vaginal tissues were processed for histology and Western blot.
Results: After 4 and 8 weeks of treatment, serum cholesterol levels(mg/dl) were significantly increased in the hypercholesterolemia group(1185.0±736.1, 934.3±212.3) compared with the control group(69.7±19.5, 67.1±7.2), and partially decreased in KRG treatment group(688.2±251.5, 694.2±150.4), respectively. Vaginal blood flow(ml/min/100 g tissue) after pelvic nerve stimulation was lower in the hypercholesterolemia group(17.3±7.9, 17.9±5.5) compared with the control group(27.3±17.1, 26.9±16.4), however, the KRG treatment group(29.5±10.3, 27.4±11.1) was as high as the control group, respectively. The expressions of TGF-beta1 tended to increase in the vagina of the hypercholesterolemia animals compared to those of the control and the KRG treatment groups.
Conclusions: KRG treatment in hypercholesterolemicfemale rats decreased serum cholesterol levels and improved vaginal blood flow. These results suggest that KRG treatment may have a beneficial effect in women's sexual health. | 비뇨기과학 | null | kci_detailed_000254.xml | |||
ART001249803 | oai_dc | 완전 고환 파열의 일차 복원술 | Primary Reconstruction of Complete Testicular Rupture | {
"journal_name": "대한남성과학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"손동완(가톨릭대학교); 배웅진(가톨릭대학교); 이병희(가톨릭대학교); 이남석(가톨릭대학교); 김성대(가톨릭대학교); 김두배(가톨릭대학교); 김현우(가톨릭대학교); 조용현(가톨릭대학교); 김세웅(가톨릭대학교)"
] | Testicular rupture most commonly occurs in young men. Although it is not life threatening, loss of a
testicle could impair future fertility, contribute to a hypogonadal state, and affect social confidence. We report
primary testicular reconstruction over orchiectomy even in the setting of a severe injury with a critical
review of the literature. | 비뇨기과학 | null | kci_detailed_000254.xml | |||
ART001249799 | oai_dc | 음경 파라핀종의 제거 후 장기추적 결과 | Long Term Follow-up Result after Penile Paraffinoma Removal:In a view of Surgical outcome & Patients' satisfaction | {
"journal_name": "대한남성과학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"김현태(영남대학교); 문기학(영남대학교)"
] | Purpose: Despite of dysmorphic change of penis and critical genital infection, self-injection of unsafe
filler such as paraffin is still performed for penile augmentation. We evaluated surgical outcome and patients'
satisfaction of penile paraffinoma removal.
Materials & Methods: From January 1999 to December 2004, a total of 37 patients underwent penoplasty
after removal of penile paraffinoma for complications. Penoplasty was performed using primary repair
in localized penile paraffinoma (primary repair group, n=17) and bilateral scrotal flap in extensive cases
(bilateral scrotal flap group, n=20). The surgical outcome, change of penile length and patients’ satisfaction
was assessed, retrospectively.
Results: The early postoperative complications were wound infection (1 in primary repair group, 3 in
bilateral scrotal flap group), wound dehiscence (1 in primary repair group) and skin necrosis (2 in bilateral
scrotal flap group). Stretched penile length after paraffinoma removal was not statistically different in both
groups. Patients' satisfaction about penile shortening, decreased penile circumference and decrease of sexual
satisfaction were not statistically different in both groups. In long term follow-up, inflammatory skin discharge
(3 in primary repair group) and erectile dysfunction (1 in bilateral scrotal flap group) were
identified.
Conclusions: In localized paraffinoma, complete removal of paraffinoma is crucial to prevent long term
complications. In extensive penile paraffinoma, bilateral scrotal flap is a proper procedure with lower complications
and not to interfere with patients' satisfaction in long term overview. | 비뇨기과학 | null | kci_detailed_000254.xml | |||
ART001249796 | oai_dc | 음경백막 내 fibrin 반복 투여에 의한 페이로니병 동물모델의 확립 | Establishment of Peyronie's Disease Model in a Rat withRepeated Injections of Fibrin into Tunica Albuginea | {
"journal_name": "대한남성과학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"Piao Shuguang(인하의대); 이병연(인하의대); 김오현(인하의대); 류지간(인하대학교); 서준규(인하대학교)"
] | Purpose: This study was undertaken to establish a Peyronie's disease model by using local injection of
fibrin into the tunica albuginea.
Materials and Methods: Four-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups
(n=12 per group): Gr I, age-matched control; Gr II, a single injection of fibrin (50 μl each of human fibrin
and thrombin solutions); and Gr III, repeated injections of fibrin (50 μl each of human fibrin and
thrombin solutions, days 0, 3, and 6, respectively) into the tunica albuginea. We evaluated penile curvature
by the use of an artificial erection test with intracavernous injection of saline and erectile function by cavernous
nerve electrical stimulation 30, 45, and 60 days (n=4 per time point) after treatment. The penis was
then harvested and stained with Masson trichrome, hematoxylin-eosin, and antibody to phospho-Smad2.
Results: Whereas a single intratunical injection of fibrin induced fibrous scar in the tunica, which lasted
up to 45 days and disappeared 60 days after injection, repeated injections of fibrin induced more pronounced
tunical fibrosis, which lasted up to 60 days after injection. However, a single or repeated intratunical
injection of fibrin did not induce significant penile curvature. The peculiar histological findings in
group receiving a single or repeated intratunical injection of fibrin were infiltration of inflammatory cells,
and increase of transnuclear expression of phospho-Smad2.
Conclusions: Although a single or repeated administration of fibrin did not induce penile curvature, this
model may contribute to further investigation of pathogenesis and development of potential therapeutics in
Peyronie's disease. | 비뇨기과학 | null | kci_detailed_000254.xml | |||
ART001249798 | oai_dc | 당뇨병이 동반된 페이로니병의 임상적 특성 | The Clinical Characteristics of Peyronie's Disease Patients with Diabetes Mellitus | {
"journal_name": "대한남성과학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"박현준(부산대학교); 이창렬(좋은 문화병원); 박남철(부산대학교)"
] | Purpose: Although several studies have attempted to identify a relationship between Peyronie's disease (PD) and associated
comorbidites including diabetes mellitus (DM), little is known about the effect of DM on the natural history
of PD. We investigated the clinical characteristics of PD patients with DM for understanding of this association.
Material & Methods: Patients with PD and DM (Group 1) and those with no DM (Group 2) were compared by
age, duration of PD, size and location of the plaque, severity of the penile curvature, presence of pain on erection, and
the severity of erectile dysfunction by IIEF-5 scores.
Results: There was no significant difference in mean age of patients, duration of PD and location of the plaque between
Group 1 and Group 2, respectively. The rate of severe penile curvature (>60°) was more frequent in Group 1
(22.7% vs. 8.6%). Plaque size was significantly bigger in Group 1 than that of Group 2 (2.2±1.6 vs. 1.7±1.3 cm,
p<0.05) and mean degree of penile curvature was significantly greater in Group 1 than Group 2 (31.4±8.7° vs.
24.9±6.6°, p<0.05). The rate of severe ED (IIEF-5 ≤11 score) was significantly greater in Group 1 (18.2% vs. 4.2%,
p<0.05) but pain on erection was significantly greater in Group 2 (31.8% vs. 49.2%, p<0.05).
Conclusions: These results suggest that the presence of DM in patients with PD exaggerates the severity of PD by
affecting the size of the plaque, penile curvature and consequent erectile dysfunction. | 비뇨기과학 | null | kci_detailed_000254.xml | |||
ART001249800 | oai_dc | 남성 불임환자에서 음낭 수술 후 발생하는 합병증의 임상 양상 | Complications Related to Scrotal Surgery for Male Infertility | {
"journal_name": "대한남성과학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"주영민(관동의대); 김태홍(관동의대); 김경태(관동의대); 최진호(관동대학교); 이중식(관동대학교); 서주태(관동대학교)"
] | Purpose: We reviewed our experience of various scrotal surgeries for male infertility to determine the
postoperative complication rates, and how our experience might differ from other series.
Materials and Methods: The medical records of 356 male patients, performed scrotal surgery for infertility
from 2005 to 2006 were reviewed retrospectively. All features of postoperative complications were
analyzed according to the operative procedures, use of microscope, spermatic cord incision, and type of
anesthesia.
Results: All 356 patients of scrotal surgeries were consisted of testicular biopsy (27.2%), microsurgical
multiple testicular sperm extraction (m-TESE) (26.4%), vasectomy (17.1%), vasovasostomy (12.6%), scrotal
exploration (6.5%), vasoepididymostomy (5.3%) and TESE (4.8%). Complications occurred in 11 (3.1%)
procedures and included petechia (27.3%), scrotal edema (27.3%), wound disruption (18.2%), hematoma
(18.2%) and hemospermia (9.1%). Most complications were improved by conservative treatments such as
compressive scrotal dressing with elevation and resuture was done in 18.2 % (2/11) of patients with
wound disruption. In patients of spermatic cord incision, complication rates was higher than in those who
did not (8.0% vs. 1.5%, respectively) (p=0.006). There were no significant differences in complication rates
regarding type of anesthesia or use of microscope.
Conclusions: To prevent probable complications following scrotal surgery for male infertility, intraoperative
meticulous control of bleeding, compressive scrotal dressing or elevation should be considered.
Especially, in surgery combined with spermatic cord incision, physicians should pay more attention to minimize
postoperative complications. | 비뇨기과학 | null | kci_detailed_000254.xml | |||
ART001249801 | oai_dc | 성선기능저하증 증상을 보이는 환자에서 혈중 테스토스테론과 하부요로증상과의 상관관계 | Correlation between Serum Testosterone and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms inMen with Hypogonadism Symptoms | {
"journal_name": "대한남성과학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"손동완(가톨릭대학교); 이병희(가톨릭대학교); 최현섭(가톨릭대학교); 이남석(가톨릭대학교); 김성대(가톨릭대학교); 김두배(가톨릭대학교); 김현우(가톨릭대학교); 조용현(가톨릭대학교); 김세웅(가톨릭대학교)"
] | Purpose: We performed this study to estimate the correlation of serum testosterone and lower urinary tract symptom (LUTS) in adult hypogonadism patients.
Materials and Methods: Medical records of ninety men over forty years old who have LUTS, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) above 7 were reviewed. The correlations of serum testosterone level withage, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), prostate volume, prostate specific antigen (PSA) and maximal flow rate were assessed using Spearman test. The statistical differences of IPSS, prostate volume, PSA and maximal flow rate in 3 groups of patients divided by serum testosterone levels(<2.0, 2.0-3.5, >3.5 ng/ml).
Results: Serum testosterone level decreased according to increase of age (r=-0.28, p=0.07). Serum testosterone has no significant correlation with IPSS, prostate volume, PSA and maximal flow rate. There was no significant difference of IPSS, prostate volume, PSA and maximal flow rate according to the levels of testosterone.
Conclusions: Emerging from this analysis, clinical indexes of LUTS may not be connected with testosteronelevel and LUTS may not be affected by hypogonadism. Further more objective and sophisticated studies with large number of subjects are requested for the understanding of pathophysiology of LUTS in hypogonadism.
| 비뇨기과학 | null | kci_detailed_000254.xml | |||
ART001249797 | oai_dc | hCG/hMG 복합요법을 이용한 저생식샘자극호르몬 저성선증의 치료 | Therapy with Human Chorionic Gonadotropin and Human Menopausal Gonadotropinin Men with Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism | {
"journal_name": "대한남성과학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"김상득(전북의대); 김명기(전북대학교); 박종관(전북대학교)"
] | Purpose: Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) is an uncommon cause of virilization and male infertility. We evaluated
the effect of the combination therapy with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and human menopausal gonadotropin
(hMG) in patients with HH.
Materials and Methods: Between May 2000 and April 2007, we evaluated 15patients with HH. Testicular volume,
serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), total testosterone, and semen analysis were consecutively
monitored at 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 months after hCG/hMG combination therapy. Statistical analysis was performed
by Paired Student's t-test.
Results: Testicular volume showed a time-dependent increase in all patients who received hCG/hMG combination
therapy (p<0.01). At 12 months, 12 patients showed and were significant improvement in FSH (1.6±0.97mIU/ml,
p<0.033) and in serum total testosterone (71±2.73ng/ml, p=0.003), respectively. During hCG/hMG combination therapy,
semen volume, sperm number, sperm motility, and sperm morphology were improved. However, there was no significant
change in LH levels.
Conclusions: Our experience in the management of the patients with HH suggests that hCG/hMG combination therapy
might be effective in improving the sperm volume, sperm number, sperm motility, sperm morphology, plasma
FSH, total testosterone level, and testicular volume. Thus hCG/hMG therapy seems a better choice in the patients with
HH who want pregnancy. | 비뇨기과학 | null | kci_detailed_000254.xml | |||
ART001249802 | oai_dc | 특발성 음낭석회증 | Idiopathic Scrotal Calcinosis | {
"journal_name": "대한남성과학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"박현준(부산대학교); 남형종(부산의대); 최만수(부산의대); 최경운(부산대학교); 박남철(부산대학교)"
] | Idiopathic scrotal calcinosis is a rare benign disease of scrotal skin, characterized by multiple asymptomatic
nodules on the scrotum. The lesions are asymptomatic, round, firm, and yellowish nodules with variable size. Herein,
we report a case of idiopathic scrotal calcinosis and a short review of the literature. A 42-year old man presented
multiple painless, firm, nodules on his scrotum for about ten years. After excision of the nodules, mixture of
calcified material was observed as a typical histological feature of idiopathic scrotal calcinosis. | 비뇨기과학 | null | kci_detailed_000254.xml | |||
ART001249795 | oai_dc | 발기부전의 경구용 치료제인 PDE5 inhibitor의 과거 및 현재와 미래 | Past, Present and Future of PDE5 Inhibitor | {
"journal_name": "대한남성과학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"김제종(고려의대); 문두건(고려의대)"
] | The phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors (PDE5-Is) sildenafil, vardenafil and tadalafil are widely used as
first-line therapy for erectile dysfunction (ED). Since the approval of sildenafil in 1998, more than 40 million
men worldwide have been successfully treated with PDE5-Is. Pharmacologically, the proven safety and
high tolerance of PDE5-Is is an attractive tool to investigate further physiological functions of PDE5, for
example the modulation of intracellular cyclic GMP (cGMP) pools. As cGMP is a key component of intracellular
signaling this may provide novel therapeutic opportunities beyond ED even for indications in
which chronic administration is necessary. The approval of sildenafil for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension
in 2005 was a notable success in this area of research. A number of other potential new indications
are currently in various phases of preclinical research and development. In recent years, extensive
but very heterogeneous information has been published in this field. The aim of this review is to summarize
existing preclinical and clinical knowledge and critically discuss the evidence to support potential future
indications for PDE5 inhibitors. | 비뇨기과학 | null | kci_detailed_000254.xml | |||
ART001170878 | oai_dc | 전립선비대증 환자에서 KTP 레이저를 이용한 광선택전립선기화술 | Photoselective Vaporization of the Prostate(PVP) using KTP Laser for Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia(BPH) | {
"journal_name": "대한남성과학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"정경우(부산메디칼병원); 옥윤철(부산메디칼병원); 최윤호(부산메디칼병원)"
] | 비뇨기과학 | null | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||||
ART001170832 | oai_dc | 비만과 성기능 장애 | Obesity and Erectile Dysfunction | {
"journal_name": "대한남성과학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"현재석(경상대학교)"
] | Obesity is linked to sexual problems in both sexes. This problem appears to be widespread in society, influenced by both health-related and psychosocial factors, and it is associated with impaired quality of life. Obese individuals are at increased risk for developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Many studies have shown a high prevalence of erectile dysfunction(ED) in patients with cardiovascular risk factors. Conversely, patients with ED have an increased prevalence of congestive heart disease and peripheral vascular disease. Obesity is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Endothelial dysfunction may play a role in the pathophysiology of both obesity and ED. The high prevalence of ED in people with obesity is potentially a significant medical and social issue. | 비뇨기과학 | null | kci_detailed_000254.xml | |||
ART000970234 | oai_dc | 포경수술 후 발생한 음경의 표피 함입 낭종 | Penile Epidermal Inclusion Cyst after Circumcision | {
"journal_name": "대한남성과학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"김정만(부산대학교); 남종길(부산대학교); 박현준(부산대학교); 박남철(부산대학교)"
] | A 52-year-old man presented with a painless, slowly growing mass on the penis. The mass had been noted since he underwent circumcision 20 years ago. A cystic mobile mass about 2 cm in depth was found surrounding the coronal sulcus along the scar left from the circumcision operation. Excision of the mass was performed to confirm the diagnosis. There was no communication with the urethra. The pathological diagnosis was epidermal inclusion cyst of the penis. Epidermal inclusion cysts of the penis are rare. To our knowledge, this is the first case in the domestic literature. | 비뇨기과학 | null | kci_detailed_000254.xml | |||
ART000970235 | oai_dc | 석고절단기를 이용한 음경 이물의 제거 | Removal of Penile Foreign Body using a Cast Cutter | {
"journal_name": "대한남성과학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"이진하(포천중문대); 이용규(포천중문대); 박동수(포천중문대); 이영태(포천중문대); 홍영권(차의과학대학교)"
] | Penile incarceration is a serious condition that requires prompt treatment to relieve various complications. A 67-year- old male complaining of penile swelling visited the emergency room for treatment. The penile swelling was caused by a plastic bottleneck which had been placed on the base of the penis 4 hours previously. The diameter of the plastic bottleneck was 2.5 cm. Because the swelling of the penis distal to the constricting bottleneck was so severe, the bottleneck was difficult to be removed. Several methods to remove the bottleneck were tried, such as squeezing, aspiration, and cutting using a metal saw. All of them were unsuccessful. Then a cutting method with a cast cutter was used. It was a great success. It took just 5 minutes to remove the bottleneck. Minimal abrasion of the penile skin was the only complication observed after the procedure | 비뇨기과학 | null | kci_detailed_000254.xml | |||
ART001170877 | oai_dc | 음경 크기와 전립선 크기와의 상관 관계 | Correlation between the Penile Size and Prostatic Volume | {
"journal_name": "대한남성과학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"송필현(영남대학교); 권상택(영남대학교); 문기학(영남대학교)"
] | Purpose: To evaluate the clinical correlation between penile size and prostatic volume.
Materials and Methods: A total of 196 men were included in this study, 96 patients diagnosed as benign prostataic hyperpalsia(BPH, mean age: 67.2±18.8) by transurethral ultrasonography(TRUS), and 100 healthy volunteers(mean age: 48±16.2). The stretched penile length and penile circumference were measured by one examiner. We compared penile size with prostatic volume. BPH patients were classified as group I(30～39 ml), group II(40～49 ml) and group III(above 50 ml) by prostatic volume.
Results: For penile length and penile circumference, the mean values were 12.3±2.0 cm and 9.1±1.1 cm in group I, 12.6±2.2 cm and 9.2±1.0 cm in group II, 13.9±2.7 cm and 9.8±1.2 cm in group III, and 12.3±1.3 cm and 9.0±1.2 cm in control group, respectively. Compared to the control group, penile size was significantly higher in group III(p＜0.05).
Conclusions: Larger prostatic volume, especially above 50 ml, is associated with a significant increase in penile size. | 비뇨기과학 | null | kci_detailed_000254.xml | |||
ART000970233 | oai_dc | 거세된 성숙 백서에서 테스토스테론 보충이 음경발기에 미치는 영향 | Effect of Testosterone Replacement on Penile Erection in Castrated Rat | {
"journal_name": "대한남성과학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"이현보(가톨릭대학교); 손동완(가톨릭대학교); 임재균(가톨릭대학교); 이충범(가톨릭대학교); 강성학(가톨릭대학교); 김세웅(가톨릭대학교); 조용현(가톨릭대학교); 윤문수(가톨릭대학교)"
] | 비뇨기과학 | null | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||||
ART001170879 | oai_dc | 유기주석화합물(Tributyltin Acetate)이 미성숙 생쥐의 정소 내 스테로이드 생합성효소 유전자의 발현에 미치는 영향 | Effects of Tributyltin Acetate on the Testicular Expression of Steroidogenic Enzyme Genes in Immature Mouse Testes | {
"journal_name": "대한남성과학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"김호승(한양대학교); 김슬기(한양대학교); 김태형(한양대학교); 한주리(한양대학교); 이창주(한양대학교); 이재성(한양대학교); 윤용달(한양대학교)"
] | Purpose: The present study was performed to evaluate the effects of tributyltin acetate(TBTA) on mouse testes. The effects of TBTA on mammalian reproduction are not well known.
Materials and Methods: Three-week-old male mice(ICR strain) were orally administered TBTA at doses of 0 (control vehicle, CV), 25(T25), 50(T50), and 100 mg/kg(T100). Serum and intratesticular concentrations of testosterone and estradiol were determined by conventional radioimmunoassays. RT-PCR analysis was also performed.
Results: Transcriptional activity of 3-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD), 17-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase(17β-HSD) and cytochrome P450 17α-hydroxylase/C17,20 lyase(P45017α) were decreased by treatment. whereas mRNA levels of P450 aromatase were unaffected. In addition, TBTA significantly decreased serum testosterone levels in T100, while estradiol levels were not affected significantly.
Conclusions: Administration of TBTA decreases testosterone level in testes, and this effect might be due to the alteration of mRNA levels of steroidogenic enzymes. Taken together, these findings suggest that TBTA, impairs testicular functions in a dose-dependent manner. The present results can be used as basic data in the study of TBTA action on gonads. | 비뇨기과학 | null | kci_detailed_000254.xml | |||
ART001170922 | oai_dc | 토끼에서 레이저 도플러 탐침자의 위치에 따른 질혈류 변화 | Measurement of Vaginal Blood Flow using Laser Doppler Flowmetry in Rabbit | {
"journal_name": "대한남성과학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"김선옥(전남대학교); 채명정(전남대학교); 이현숙(전남대학교); 문재동(전남대학교); 박광성(전남대학교)"
] | Purpose: One of the problems using laser doppler flowmetry is variability in the measurements. The purposes of this study were to investigate the regional differences of vaginal blood flow using laser Doppler flowmetry and to suggest a method to enhance the accuracy of measurement.
Materials and Methods: In New Zealand White female rabbits(3.0～3.5 kg, n=10), vaginal blood flow was measured by laser doppler flowmetry using a surface probe. Flow was measured at the anterior, posterior, left, and right side of vaginal wall in each vaginal introitus and proximal 2 cm of the vaginal wall. Each site was measured 3 times separately. The data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and repeated measures ANOVA.
Results: Regional vaginal blood flows(ml/min/100 gm tissue) at the anterior, posterior, left, and right vaginal wall were 19.7±8.7, 19.6±7.3, 19.3±7.8, 18.8±7.2 at vaginal introitus and 27.3±8.8, 18.9±7.5, 22.6±7.1, 20.8±5.7 at the proximal 2 cm of vaginal introitus, respectively. Differences were not statistically significant(p＞0.05), as there was a wide range of variation.
Conclusions: Vaginal blood flow did not show any regional differences in the distal part of the rabbit vagina. Repeated measurements may decrease the variation of vaginal blood flow by laser Doppler flowmetry. | 비뇨기과학 | null | kci_detailed_000254.xml | |||
ART001170921 | oai_dc | 실험쥐에서 동소 고환이식술의 개발 | Novel Surgical Technique for Orthotopic Testicular Transplantation in Rats | {
"journal_name": "대한남성과학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"허준(동아대학교); 정세일(동아대학교); 정재일(인제대학교)"
] | Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the functional and histological changes following orthotopic testicular transplantation. A new microsurgical technique was used for the transplantation.
Materials and Methods: Recipient rats were castrated, and microsurgically-removed testes from adult rats were utilized for orthotopic transplantation. Animals were divided into three groups:(1) the control group(n=6);(2) the castrated group(n=6);(3) the orthotopic testis transplantation group (n=12). In order to identify the survival of the testis after transplantation, testicular scans and histopathological examinations were performed.
Results: The following results were obtained from examination of transplanted testes: 1. Histopathologic findings. Excluding 2 transplanted rats which demonstrated ischemic necrosis, the testes of the other 10 transplantated rats showed almost normal histologic findings. 2. Testicular scan. Testicular scan was effective to differentiate the successfully transplanted testes from the testes with ischemic necrosis.
Conclusions: These results demonstrate that orthotopic transplantation has a higher possibility of graft survival, and testicular scan is aneffective method to confirm the survival of transplanted testes. In addition, newly-developed orthotopic transplantation animal models could be used for research on the hypothalamus-pituitary-testis axis. The orthotopic transplantation technique could alsobe used as a new therapeutic method for congenital and acquired hypogonadism patients. | 비뇨기과학 | null | kci_detailed_000254.xml | |||
ART001170833 | oai_dc | 한국 남성들의 건강 및 성기능에 대한 인식 및 행동양식의 조사: 정성적인 분석 | Korean Males Attitudes and Behaviors on Men's Health and Erectile Dysfunction: a Qualitative Study | {
"journal_name": "대한남성과학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"한덕현(성균관대학교); 김지혜(성균관대학교); 이성원(성균관대학교); 이형석(성균관대학교)"
] | Purpose: Erectile dysfunction(ED) impacts the quality of a man's life, both from a social and humanistic perspective. This study was performed to determine the themes, coping behaviors, and influencing factors related to men's health, with a special focus on ED, in Korean males.
Materials and Methods: Subjects for this study included 32 ED men and 32 non-ED men. A total of 8 focus group discussions were conducted for each group, separately. Inclusion into the ED group was confirmed by IIEF-5 scoring and a clinician's medical examination. Focus group discussions were audio-recorded, and the authors conducted a qualitative analysis.
Results: Data were categorized into the following themes: men's general health and co-morbidities, knowledge and perceptions of ED and its treatment, and health seeking bahaviors and experiences with treatment. The meaning and implications of the identified themes were considered, acknowledging both the Korean social context and the Korean health care system. ED was not only a problem of sexual function, but was also related to general men's health in both the ED and non-ED groups. The majority of men in both groups felt that sex is the most important part of their life. ED has a significant impact on the sufferer. The men with ED showed more positive thoughts about the use of sildenafil than those without ED.
Conclusions: Erectile function is a very important factor in men's health and the quality of life in Korean men. | 비뇨기과학 | null | kci_detailed_000254.xml | |||
ART001880573 | oai_dc | 던과 머튼에게서 나타나는 불교의 상의상존 사상 | The Thought of Buddhism's Interdependence Reflected in Donne and Merton | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"이상엽(경희대학교)"
] | This article, a comparative study of east and west, is intended to explore the subject of interdependence (相依相存) in the works of John Donne and Thomas Merton. In Devotions Upon Emergent Occasions, Donne reaches beyond the isolation of each individual by affirming the invisible oneness that encompasses all of humankind. He says, “No man is an island. . .; every man is a piece of the Continent, . . .” He puts an emphasis on ‘brotherhood’ in that all human beings are living interdependently in this world. I can find a similar theme in Thomas Merton's works. After entering the monastery, he is given a new perspective; namely the monastery's life teaches him how to live. He says, “Now I owe everyone else in the world . . . My first duty is to start . . . to live as a member of a human race, . . .” He also suggests that he cannot be a saint without first being one of allhuman beings. He is very emphatic about the necessity of a truecommunity in this world, saying in his book, No man is an island,“Every other man is a piece of myself, for I am a part and a memberof mankind. . . .” According to Merton, members of a race areintended to be one organism and “One body.” Judging from the point of eastern thought, a similar message is also expressed in the Pratītya-Samutpāda (緣起論) of Buddhism. The Sanskrit word can betranslated into a dependent co-origination, which means that all creations in this world exist interdependently, which is paraphrased into relationships by Beopjeong, who is a Korean buddhist and an essayist, in his many essays. | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2014.24.1.69 | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||
ART001880559 | oai_dc | “위선의 의복”(Garments of Hypocrise) 재활용하기: 존 베일의 『세 가지 법』과 『존 왕』이 재현하는 가톨릭 종교의복 | Recycling “Garments of Hypocrisie”: The Representation of Catholic Vestments in John Bale's Three Laws and King Johan | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"황수경(중앙대학교)"
] | The essay explores two works of John Bale, a Protestant playwright who actively participated in Cromwellian national project of reforming Catholic England. Bale attempts to reverse the traditional symbolism invested in Catholic vestments by betraying theatrical nature of the clothing. In Bale's theater, Catholic vestments no longer symbolize clerical piety and absolute authority of the Roman Catholic church but stands for corruption, hypocrisy, and deceitfulness. The two plays of Three Laws and King Johan are examined to see how Bale degrades Catholic clergies, their sacred vestments, and Catholic ceremonies facilitated with the same clothing. Three Laws allegorically depicts how the role of vices overlaps with that of Catholic clergies by deliberatelydonning vices with Catholic vestments, while King Johan debunks Catholic authority by satirizing Catholic sacrament of auricular confession and rite of excommunication practiced with the aid of Catholic Vestments. Bale initiated the dramaturgic tradition of ‘Vice/devil in Catholic Vestments’ and these Protestant dramaturgy and visual rhetoric were readily adopted and inherited by Elizabethan popular playwrights including Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare. | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2014.24.1.1 | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||
ART001880561 | oai_dc | Hospitality and Allophilia: Imagining a Multicultural England in The Shoemaker's Holiday | Hospitality and Allophilia: Imagining a Multicultural England in The Shoemaker's Holiday | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"김재철(한성대학교)"
] | The present essay explores early modern English nationalism depicted in Dekker’s Shoemaker’s Holiday. Dekker’s comedy was produced contemporaneously with Shakespeare’s Henry V and these two texts share rich intertextual features including nationalist fashioning of their narratives. While Shakespeare’s Henry V illustrates the nationalist desire developed into expansionist imperialism, Dekker’s domestic comedy defines English nationhood by otherizing incoming aliens. Hospitality in Holiday becomes a convenient probe to its nationalist politics because, as a border-crossing phenomenon by welcoming aliens into the national community, it shows how the nation negotiates its multicultural boundary. Yet “hospitality” in the play is inseparably bound up with “hostility” by forming an ambiguous social discourse. Dekker’s play is teeming with acts of welcoming, generosity, and giving, but they are economically conditioned. In particular, the play’s hospitality reveals its grim politics when it represents admittance of alien figures into the metropolitan community. In Dekker’s festive comedy, aliens are welcomed and accepted only when they are exploited by Englishmen; the play’s instances of hospitality and allophilia represent, paradoxically, thinly veiled xenophobia. Thus the King’s final nationalist speech, as in Henry V, could be properly delivered only after the narrative excludes all the alien figures from the stage. | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2014.24.1.23 | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||
ART001880576 | oai_dc | Milton and the Servant: Milton’s Use of the Bible in his Sonnet XIX | Milton and the Servant: Milton’s Use of the Bible in his Sonnet XIX | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"이병은(한성대학교)"
] | This paper intends to show how Milton’s Sonnet XIX, “When Iconsider how my light is spent,” is enhanced by his skillfulintermingling of biblical images, expecially the sustained image of theservant. Biblical references are everywhere, giving the sonnet compactorganic unity. For examples, the opening phrase of the sonnet, “WhenI consider,” recalls similar phrasing in Psalm 8:3-4, “When I consider,” and the same plea, found in Samson Agonistes (lines 667 ff.), underlies the poet’s search for the cause of his blindness and forms an integral part of his vexation over the great problem of being. And, the mercantile imagery in the octave works for the theme of the sonnet since a trusted servant in biblical times as well as a servant in the seventeenth century could be expected to be involved in the business interests of his master. The mercantile ideas do not seem to tie into the sonnet unless viewed as duties to be performed by a servant. Also, since the word “murmur” indicates displeasure, grumbling or discontentwith God’s provisions in Exodus and again in John, Patience’s prevention of any murmuring of the poet gives the sonnet a greater depth of meaning. Moreover, the extensive use of first person singular pronouns in the octave of the sonnet shows Milton’s personal views of serving God, whereas the sestet, employing only third person pronouns and the relative pronoun, covers that which is expected by God and the way in which the service is to be performed. Thus, the sonnet contains the theme, not of quiet resignation and defeat, but of determination of the servant. Milton in the chastened mood discovered the strength that lay in his weakness, exultantly perceiving that likeGod's most favoured angels “who only stand and wait.” | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2014.24.1.97 | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||
ART001880569 | oai_dc | Writing Early Modern London: A study on the spatial negotiation of Whitney’s Sweet Nosegay and other London Poems | Writing Early Modern London: A study on the spatial negotiation of Whitney’s Sweet Nosegay and other London Poems | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"최재민(목포대학교)"
] | This paper examines the sociopolitical circumstances preconditioning Isabella Whitney's Sweet Nosegay, especially in the context of spatial restrictions on Renaissance women, and discusses the ways in which Whitney subverts such restrictions on her through a literal and imaginary excursion into London civic space. In oder to illustrate Whitney's extraordinary mobility and copious knowledge of London, this paper also devotes much of its pages to a critical comparison between “Her Will to London,” Whitney's major poetic achievement in Sweet Nosegay, and other contemporary (male) humanists' poetic works. This comparison has made it clear that Whitney embraces London and its everyday commercial activities as they are, without false presumptions and without subordinating them to “nobler” aesthetic judgement or moral values, unlike what Ben Jonson and John Denham did in their London poems. | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2014.24.1.45 | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||
ART001880585 | oai_dc | Wilderness Setting and the Pattern of Exposure and Change in A Midsummer Night’s Dream and Paradise Regained | Wilderness Setting and the Pattern of Exposure and Change in A Midsummer Night’s Dream and Paradise Regained | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"선우진(서울신학대학교)"
] | In many Early Modern works can be found a structural scheme wherein characters undergoes a pattern of exposure and trial in a wilderness setting whereby they experience progressive growth, change or self-discovery. And, this trial in the wilderness is a metaphor that has inspired Western imagination from Dante, Spenser through Shakespeare and Milton. For example, in Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream. Characters such as Lysander, Hermia and Demetrius journey from the city to the forest where, through trial and exposure to the wild potency of nature, their conflict is resolved and they regain harmony. Likewise, the trial in the wilderness becomes, for the Son inParadise Regained, a vehicle for self-examination and inner spiritual growth as he grows into his messianic role as redeemer of mankind. | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2014.24.1.113 | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||
ART001880590 | oai_dc | 드라이든의 정치적인 시로서 『암사슴과 표범』 | The Hind and the Panther as Dryden's Political Poem | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"김옥수(제주대학교)"
] | This essay is designed to view The Hind and the Panther as Dryden's political poem. The poem's immediate occasion was the defence of moderate Catholic position Dryden supported, even though he had regarded the Church of England as the ideal religion in Religio Laici. James II, a Catholic king, succeeded to the throne in 1685; Dryden became a Catholic convert. James proclaimed Declaration for Liberty of Conscience and tried to give freedom of faith to both Catholics and Nonconformists. Radical Catholics supported the King's hasty decision, while moderate Catholics didn't support it because it would attract unfavorable reaction from the nation at large. With this poem Dryden tries to find a solution to this difficult religious and political situation that English Catholics are faced with. He hopes to give political counsel to the prince and aim at national reconciliation in the poem by clinging to the two functions of panegyric. The bird fables of the poem's Third Part offer forebodings of the fate which might await theEnglish Catholics in future. The Hind and the Panther each tell a fable. The Hind's fable tells of swallows persuaded to stay beyond the end of summer by a martin, who seems to represent one of James's advisers, Father Petre, and their subsequent suffering when the winter snows return. The winter snows refer to the reign of a Protestant king in future. At this point Dryden gives political counsel to James II that he should work with Anglicans, not Nonconformists. Dryden thinks James II's hasty policy to free Catholics from the restrictions imposed by the Test Act is a political misjudgment, and presents the Anglican-Catholic alliance as the best way. The Hind's fable tells about a farmyard, presided over by “a Plain Good Man” representing James II, into which the pigeons(or Anglicans) invite a buzzard to overawe the poultry(or Roman Catholics). The buzzard stands for William of Orange. In this context this fable seems based on the rumors that William of Orange was then preparing to invade England. The buzzardseems to establish a tyranny that oppresses all of the farmyard. This fable gives political warning to James II by implying that he would be deposed if he did not reconcile with Anglicans. This final fable also seems to emphasize the national reconciliation of the religious sects that the farm lord expects his birds in his farmyard to learn. Inconclusion, Dryden gives political counsel to James II that he should reconsider the rash policies of his advisers, and presents the reconciliation between Catholics and Anglicans as the best way to avoid the political tensions. | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2014.24.1.127 | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||
ART002051643 | oai_dc | 밀턴의 유미(有尾) 소네트, 새로운 양심강요 세력들 연구 | A Study of Milton’s Tailed Sonnet, “On the New Forcers of Conscience” | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"이철호(한국교통대학교)"
] | As Milton’s sole tailed sonnet (sonetto caudato), “On the New Forcers of Conscience,” is directed by two notes, the one by himself and the other by the scribe, to appear at different places in the Trinity Manuscript, and in the 1673 edition it is even excluded from the sonnet sequence, not only the proper placement but the precise occasion of the sonnet seems to be difficult to define. The present article tries to explain why Milton changes his original idea of the chronological order and separates the sonnet from the sonnet group.
Apparently the two main evils of the sonnet are ‘hire’ and ‘force’; the one takes the form of the Presbyterian movement to return to the corruptions of episcopal “plurality” and the other refers to their “civil sword” forcing our free consciences. But in the context of his lifelong efforts for the religious and political reformation in England, they are found out to be the very abuses against which he has consistently fought.
The charges levelled here by the poet against Roman Catholics(“Trent”, “Priest”), Anglicans(“your prelate lord”), and Presbyterians(“a classic hierarchy”) would be hurled at Independents anxious to set up a new Established Church by defining the limits of toleration and seriously restricting the freedom of worship of dissenters, if the sonnet were placed in an originally intended position by the author, that is, after the excluded Vane sonnet. Finally, at its current placement in the 1673 edition published after the first version of Paradise Lost, Milton generalizes the object of his attack to include any religious or political parties who would “force our conscience that Christ set free” and climb into the Church like the “lewd hirelings” for their bellies’ sake.
In short, Milton has continued to fight against all the corrupted clergy and the tyrannical magistrates who would seek to wield secular or civil power in order to suppress the liberty of conscience and private faith. | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2015.25.2.123 | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||
ART002051645 | oai_dc | 파쿼의 멋쟁이들의 전략 읽기: 컨트리가 런던을 대체하는가? | Reading Farquhar’s The Beaux’ Stratagem: Is the Country a Substitute for London? | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"서영윤(한성대학교)"
] | In Restoration England London was divided into Town and City and the values of Town were identified with those of the aristocratic class despising the newly enriched citizens. Restoration Comedy was used to reinforce the aristocratic values and lampooned the bourgeois in City or the country gentry lacking the sophistication of Town. English ruling classes, however, were recast after the Glorious Revolution and dramatists realized that London Town including Court was no longer the only center but the power of Parliament was strengthened. In addition, Collier and moral reformers of the 1690s began to attack earlier Restoration Comedy as a cesspit of moral corruption.
In The Beaux’ Stratagem Farquhar tried to meet the needs and expectations of post-Revolution audiences. This play’s setting is not London but Litchfield, the country, unlike the earlier comedies. Here Litchfield is divided into greedy Boniface’s inn and charitable Lady Bountiful’s house. Aimwell and Archer squandering their resources in London arrive at Boniface’s inn to use tricks to marry a rich heiress. The beaux skillfully enter the house and their scheme works since Aimwell masquerading as his elder brother Lord Aimwell wins the heart of the heiress Dorinda.
Unlike Archer, Aimwell is morally reformed by virtuous Dorinda and accordingly rewarded by becoming Lord Aimwell. Finally Dorinda and Aimwell with a title and wealth, Archer with £10,000 and divorced Mrs Sullen would go to London for enjoying Town. With this Farquhar suggests a possible reconciliation of the aristocratic values of Town and the moral and healthy values of country. Therefore, it can be said that Farquhar does not represent the country as a substitute for immoral and corrupt London, but rather embodies it as the necessary place where aristocracies in London must regenerate themselves by accommodating moral and healthy values for being born again as the rightful class to rule even after the Glorious Revolution. | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2015.25.2.171 | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||
ART002051636 | oai_dc | 근대초기 오스만 견문록에 나타나는 영국인 화자의 욕망과 불안: 나포와 개종 일화들을 중심으로 | Early Modern Travels to the Ottoman Empire: Desires and Anxieties in Captivity and Conversion Narratives | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"임정인(서울대학교)"
] | This paper investigates some of the most representative travel narratives written, translated, and/or published in London over the late sixteenth and the early seventeenth centuries, with an exclusive focus on firsthand English/European experiences with the Ottoman Empire. In particular, this paper first traces the contemporary English anxieties about the invincible military Other in the narratives, and it also examines the ways in which the narrators attempt to reimagine European/English supremacy by building the moral and religious superiority of Christianity to Islam. Then the paper goes on to read captivity and conversion episodes more closely in order to pinpoint early Modern English memories about thwarted enterprises, frustrated hopes, and bitterly resented defeats. One of the eventual goals of this research is to establish a well-grounded critical perspective from which to reassess early modern travel drama, which frequently idealizes a European/English traveler in the Mediterranean region as an ultimate conqueror of the Turkish and Islam Others. This study in so doing also hopes to challenge the Euro-centric teleological understanding of early modern English contacts and exchanges with non-European cultures. | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2015.25.2.23 | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||
ART002051638 | oai_dc | 평화의 개선행진에 나타난 궁정 가면극(masque)의 물질문화와 연극성(theatricality) | The Material Culture and Theatricality of the Court Masque in Shirley’s The Triumph of Peace | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"김보민(서울대학교)"
] | This essay brings into critical spotlight the thirteenth antimasque of The Triumph of Peace (1634), for which James Shirley provided the script and Inigo Jones art direction. Critics of the masque diverge on its political message--whether it celebrates or criticizes Charles’s personal rule--but agree in basing their arguments on Shirley’s script. Basing my interpretation on the idea of the masque as what Tom Bishop termed a “formal and kinetic event”, I argue that the thirteenth antimasque constituted possibly the most serious challenge to Charles’s personal rule. I show how the eruption onto the masque stage of tradespeople undercuts the spectators’ suspension of disbelief about Inigo Jones’s stage scenery as part of the Platonistic landscape informed by the king’s divine presence. The unearthing of the material labor that produced the masque and, more broadly, the wider civic participation that surrounded the masque beyond the Banqueting Hall, I argue, intimate the possibility of a new esthetic for the masque whose political implications it behooved the king to have minded in time. | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2015.25.2.47 | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||
ART002051641 | oai_dc | 우상이 아닌 인간: 존 던의 엘레지에 나타난 여성 | Not an Idol but a Human Being: the Image of Woman in John Donne’s Elegies | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"이상엽(협성대학교)"
] | This paper attempts to show that John Donne’s poetry, especially some of his Elegies, does not demean woman but acknowledges and appreciates all of her capabilities. He accomplishes this by describing not only the physical aspects of lovemaking but also the spiritual and intellectual sides of intimacy. Donne’s lover rejects superficial relationships between man and woman. He focuses on a serious relationship between mutual lovers. In refusing to romanticize woman, he can view her as an equal. Down from off a pedestal she is at his level, worthy of respect and mutual interaction as an equal lover. The two affect each other reciprocally. In fact, Donne, breaking from the Petrarchan view of woman and of love, tries to achieve harmony between man and woman. He thinks that it is very unrealistic to see the female image as a chaste and heavenly woman who is supported and reinforced by society and its literary conventions. Such a female image usually robs woman of her true human beauty and of her true virtue. As far as man is concerned, it also confines him to a role of submissive and hopeless suitor. Donne believes that the distorted image of woman and her relationship with man hinders true love or communion between them. Therefore, he tries to understand both sexes on the same condition, namely, gender equality based on the meaning of a true human being. In his poetry he introduces an unfaithful woman who betrays and doesn’t feel guilty, but he refers to such a woman as a sign of the futility of moral and spiritual values that don’t have true understanding of human nature. And he also subverts the false conception that soul is superior to body in order to take a new and true picture of human being. | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2015.25.2.69 | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||
ART002051634 | oai_dc | 거인과 기독교 전사: 밀턴의 하라파와 스펜서의 오르고글리오 | Giants and Christian Champions: Milton’s Harapha and Spenser’s Orgoglio | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
"publisher": null,
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"issue": null
} | [
"임성균(숙명여자대학교)"
] | While examining Harapha, who appears in the last episode of the middle part of John Milton's Samson Agonistes, and his challenge to Samson, this paper is to understand who he really is, what he means to Samson, and how his appearance helps to reveal the meaning of the whole work. It is my contention that Milton's Harapha has his archtype in Edmund Spenser's Orgoglio, the giant who defeats the Redcross knight in Book One of The Faerie Queene. We may better understand Samson and his struggle to achieve God's will in himself when we compare his confrontation to Harapha with Redcross's to Orgoglio. Although both Harapha and Orgoglio materialize physical threats to the heroes of each work, the giants affect more in the heroes' minds than their physical safety. That is, they both force the heroes to examine their own shortcomings, so as to lead them to despair. As Spenser's Orgolgio does to Redcross, Milton's Harapha poses, in a significant way, a threat to Samson's spiritual growth, and how Samson deals with this manifestation of his own despair would decide the success of his final achievement.
It is well-known that both Milton and Spenser are enthusiastic students of the Bible and Classical literature. Significantly, however, unlike the giants in classics who mostly appear as enemies of the heroes and threaten gods and human beings, Spenser's Orgoglio and Milton's Harapha reflect the heroes' self. And this allegorical manifestation of classical monsters characterizes Renaissance Humanism that goes through the hearts of Spesner's and Milton's works. As Spenser’s Redcross finally overcomes his own despair and obtains the victory against the Dragon, Milton's Samson somehow realizes his own weakness immediately after his confrontation with Harapha and achieves his final peace with God and himself. | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2015.25.2.1 | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||
ART002051642 | oai_dc | 존 던의 경구시의 장르적 특징과 글쓰기 전략 | The Generic Characteristics of Donne’s Epigrams and his Writing Strategy | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
"publisher": null,
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"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"최재헌(경북대학교)"
] | Donne’s epigrams were his earliest poems, but have received relatively little academic attention. The origin of the word epigram is the Greek (ephigraphein) or Latin (epigramma) word which means ‘to inscribe’, and as this origin suggests, was originally conceived as inscriptions on tombs, buildings or memorials. As a literary genre, epigrams developed to become short satirical and witty poems, often containing twists. Donne’s epigrams provide a useful and insightful introduction to key writing strategies and topics of his writings, including gender matters and power. Donne reveals his views of the world, speaking in his own voice as an epigrammatist. Presently twenty pieces of Donne’s epigrams are known, and subjects of his epigrams can be grouped into classical mythology, war and satirical pieces. Donne’s epigrams display mastery of puns, and contain irony and intellectual insights. Furthermore, the generic characteristics of epigrams such as satirical wits and ambiguity become common factors in almost all genres of Donne’s writings. For example, his Songs and Sonnets are known for its satirical values and wits, which distinguishes them from simple love poems. Donne was acclaimed as the best English epigrammatist by Jonson, and Donne proved himself as the master of the satirical, witty and pointed writings even beyond the genre of epigrams. | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2015.25.2.95 | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||
ART002051644 | oai_dc | 마카리아와 이상적 지식 | Macaria and Ideal Knowledge | {
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"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
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} | [
"이종우(홍익대학교)"
] | This essay explores the way in which ideal knowledge functions in the construction of a Utopian society in Macaria. A scholar and a traveller, two characters in Macaria, try to find the appropriate method for England to become an ideal nation full of material wealth, spiritual prosperity and peaceful happiness, which are fulfilled in Macaria. They are certain that the state can be realized when English people, who have been called dull by other European counties, are armed with the proper knowledge and rightly identify themselves as the chosen nation for the reformation. Here the proper knowledge is not pure knowledge characteristic of abstraction and logic but practical knowledge which can contribute to solving current problems. This knowledge focuses more on transforming historical situations than on explaining historical processes.
Practical knowledge is formed through the principle of experience which can overcome abstract knowledge’s lack of transformative power. Experience is the main factor in suggesting what knowledge is needed, and a great agent in the empowerment of produced knowledge. In Macaria, the “college of experience” operated by the state produces the proper knowledge, which is tested by the society of experimenters. During knowledge formation process in laboratory, the contaminated parts of knowledge are refined by eliminating the evil brought by the Fall. The refined knowledge, as an embodiment of prelapsarian Adamic knowledge, exercises its healing power of restoring the soul as well as the body. More specifically, scientific knowledge is worth no more than spiritual knowledge, and a doctor of the body is the same as a pastor of the soul. This leads to a pansophic search for knowledge, in which all kinds of knowledge are united in the worship of God, who is the ultimate source of knowledge. This unification of knowledge types demonstrates how much this knowledge is crucial for constructing an ideal state in Macaria and England, because these countries are based upon and directed by a system of knowledge unifying God, man and nature. In this situation, the more knowledge spreads, the more a nation can be changed into a happy state, with speeding up the reformation. In Macaria the knowledge produced by the “college of experience” is delivered throughout the land through printing, the most effective communication device. In England, painting also makes it possible that enlightened readers and public debate spaces appear in keeping with the massive publication of pamphlets and books, especially publications regarding human liberties and rights. The active readers of awakening, each as the production of independent individuals, participate in hot public debate and are in the vanguard of reproducing the knowledge necessary for the reformation. These readers then become modern subjects who must attempt to build a reformed and ideal England using the precious and powerful knowledge “worth all the merchandize in the Kingdom.” | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2015.25.2.143 | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||
ART002051646 | oai_dc | 포프의 벌링턴에게 부치는 서한시와 자연풍경식 정원 | Pope’s Epistle to Burlington and Landscape Garden | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
"publisher": null,
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} | [
"김옥수(제주대학교)"
] | This essay is designed to view Pope as a gardener who played a key role in the development of the landscape garden in England. In 18th-century England, the prevailing taste is the formal gardens that derived from France. Le Nôtre is the most famous garden designer standing for the formal gardens. In gardens of this style, everything is layed out according to a strict geometric pattern, divided into symmetrical units composed of parterres, terraces, rectangular pools and fountains, and intersecting avenues of trees. Pope decries this formal garden as too artificial and supports the natural style of garden, saying that we should follow the “amiable Simplicity of unadorned Nature” in gardening. Pope’s idea of this natural gardening is believed to influence the development of landscape gardening and Kent, a famous gardener who insists that nature hates the line. The term landscape gardening implies an association with landscape painting. Pope also says that gardening is like landscape painting. Pope wants to make gardens in terms of a landscape painter’s method. For example, he tries to make gardens like the landscape paintings of Claude Lorrain. His views on gardening are well developed in The Epistle to Burlington. He sees Vitruvius and Palladio as his masters. Vitruvius thinks that garden is an imitation of nature, and firmness, utility and beauty are the three factors in gardening. Pope also tries to live up to these teachings from his master. In this poem, he argues that nature is the most important guiding principle in gardening. Next he argues that the gardener must consult the genius of the place, that is to say, consider the character of the place. And then Pope thinks that gardening is like painting, so the gardener should make his garden as a landscape painter paints a picture by catching special moods. Finally Pope says that it is important to call in the country in the garden. This vision is fulfilled by the introduction of ha-ha or the sunken fence, which was borrowed from the art of fortification and enabled the gardener to open vistas previously shut off fences. What Pope presents as opposed to landscape garden is Timon’s garden. Timon’s garden is an example of formal garden. Timon’s parterre is “a Down”, his lake “an Ocean”. Timon’s garden indicates how nature has been forgotten. Pope is opposed to Timon’s formal garden. He thinks that the best garden is the landscape garden that tries to imitate nature. In conclusion, Pope plays a key role in the development of the landscape garden. | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2015.25.2.197 | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||
ART001933802 | oai_dc | “Nativity Ode”의 전통의 독창적 변용 | The Creative Accommodation of Traditions in “Nativity Ode” | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
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} | [
"이철호(한국교통대학교)"
] | As Milton’s “Nativity Ode” was written before daylight on Christmas morning of 1629, as a birthday gift to Christ, about two weeks after his twenty-first birthday, December 9, it is said to mark not only his legal but also his poetical and vocational coming of age. He seems to compose the ode as the portrait of the artist as a young shepherd who would be a future bard (a great Christian epic poet).
Milton thinks of the gist of the Christ’s birth as His kenotic descent into a human body, so he wants to sing a humble song as his gift to the birth. The song, like Pindaric victory odes, needs to introduce the specific event and to establish its larger cosmic significance. And he also finds out that Christ’s sacrificial narrative, beginning with His humiliation and ending with His exaltation, seems very similar to the Virgilian narrative of poetic development in his messianic eclogue.
Milton considers his predecessors’ great works as the result of a process of constant reinterpretation and recreation of literary traditions. He wants to overcome his elders by accommodating them to his particular needs. Just as Virgil, who would potentially rival Theocritus and Homer, announces in the fourth eclogue his movement from the pastoral genre to the more elevated vein of heroic poetry, so Milton proclaims in this poem his mental dedication to the lofty range of Christian epic poet. But, in order to show his excellence in every genre, he put the song in the Pindaric victory ode in stead of the humble range of the Virgilian bucolic.
In accordance with the scenic movement from the meanly wrapt Child in the rude manger, then to the implications of that Child, and finally back to the sleeping Lord in the courtly stable, Milton varies his song from the “humble ode” to the “holy song,” and then he ends the “tedious song” in order to play an activist role to His heroic acts. In a word, “Nativity Ode” can be safely said to show Milton’s willingness to adapt and vary several literary traditions so as to create his own inventive form. | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2014.24.2.305 | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||
ART001933792 | oai_dc | “웃음으로 진실을 말하다”: 『우신예찬』 읽기와 가르치기 | “Telling the Truth with a Smile”: Reading and Teaching The Praise of Folly | {
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} | [
"이종우(홍익대학교)"
] | This essay is an attempt to suggest a model for reading and teaching The Praise of Folly in terms of “telling the truth with a smile.” The Praise of Folly has been generally read and taught as a great achievement of Renaissance Humanism, reflecting the academic and cultural inclination of early modern Europe toward Desiderius Erasmus. Nevertheless, it is notable for Erasmus to anticipate ideal “fair-minded and honest“ readers for his work, urging them to comprehend hidden messages veined in deriding satires and complicated flows of tone. This means that Erasmus might have recommend a suitable way of reading The Praise of Folly to his readers, which is clearly explained in some letters, contrary to traditionally accepted reader-oriented reading influenced by Renaissance Humanism and Reformation. Erasmus’ way of reading the work can be epitomized as placing the folly in the source of vital life force, the true search of knowledge, the subversive and iconoclastic method of criticizing social and religious powers though laughter.
In The Praise of Folly, goddess of Folly claims that life does not originate from immortal God or precious part of body but from Folly herself. By Folly's power of raising laughter, human race naturally without any logical hesitation can choose the excremental place, not the so-called respectable and sacred part of body, as the life-producing point. Instead of reason great philosophers support as an essential element of life, Folly, its opponent, provides humans with their root and meaning of life by breaking the binary opposition of wisdom and absurdity. Folly's strategy of deposing the inherited superior position of wisdom through laughter also bears on the efficacy of searching for knowledge. Sophisticated scholars like philosophers and theologians have devoted themselves in accumulating various kinds of knowledge, especially abstract and speculative knowledge. They cannot understand the true function and value of knowledge, confusing logic with rhetoric. However, Folly points out with smiling that knowledge should lead to happiness as a key to solving to the problems of everyday life. The search for knowledge can be justified or nullified by the criterion of whether happiness can be made or not. Considering the relationship between knowledge and happiness, Folly concludes that folly, innocence and ignorance, if they produce happiness, can be valuable to human beings rather than wisdom, experience knowledge. Folly’s attempts to tell the truth with a smile are completed in the act of exposing the hypocrisy and vain glory of the existing religious and political authorities who tended to distort the truth by exploiting knowledge. Citing the example of Christ, Folly emphasizes with both sarcasm and laughter that the authorities should take their own cross of humbleness, poverty and honesty. The reason is that the folly of Christ exemplifies an acme for the content and methods of telling the truth with a smile. Thus, following Erasmus’ writing intent, it is necessary that The Praise of Folly should be read and taught in the focus of the essence of the truth and its effective delivery. | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2014.24.2.149 | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||
ART001933803 | oai_dc | 삼손의 마지막 행동 어떻게 볼 것인가? | How to Understand Samson’s Final Act in Samson Agonistes? | {
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} | [
"김종두(연세대학교)"
] | In discussing Milton’s Samson Agonistes the biggest topic of debate is about Samson’s final act. Some critics including Stanley Fish contend that what Samson does in the climatic action of the play(tearing down the Philistine temple and kill thousands of the Philistines) must be considered praiseworthy because it is what God wants him to do. They believe that Samson’s final action, though it takes the form of suicide, is the one which achieves his vocation of delivering his people from the york of the Philistines. On the other hand, others argue that Samson violates God’s law in the last moment because his suicide is certainly a sin God forbids. John Carey especially among them calls the act of pulling down the Philistine temple “morally disgusting,” and a “bloody act of vengeance.” He thinks that his last action brings a massacre and so there are similarities between his destruction and that of modern suicide terrorists.
But in order to understand Milton’s intention correctly grasping the meaning of his last act in the overall context of the play is crucial. Samson’s killing himself appears to be voluntary but actually it is resulted from his regeneration from slavery to freedom. His death is not a critical incident in itself but the final outcome of the successive steps which have matured Samson from a slave to a hero. It has significant meaning as the last point in the long process of his regeneration. Starting from his going to the temple of heathen god, his decision is controlled by the divine impulse as Jesus did in Paradise Regained, which means his standard of behaviour has changed from self-centered to God-centered. He is concerned with a life beyond life and takes part in a transcendent ethics and justice.
Milton consciously removes Samson’s prayer of personal revenge in the Judges of the Bible from the last scene. Instead his Samson proclaims that he will do a great thing according to the free will of his own. His obedience to God is no longer the pretended one, but the willing obedience of a faithful son of God who has recovered the gift of superhuman strength by his own efforts. And he uses it willingly, it brings his tragic death. In this regard, his final destructive action is anything but similar to that of modern suicide terrorists. His terrorism, if we could call it, takes the form of religiously inspired violence. His final act signifies that he voluntarily participates in God’s work with the regenerate mind which has been acquired by the long and complicated process of struggling with vices and temptations. As a result, his own will and God’s providence can meet and become one simultaneously at this climatic moment. As chorus reveals in his final words, God unexpectedly returns and proves that Samson is his faithful champion. Therefore, it is a convincing explanation hat Milton’s Samson is a “hero of faith” who has overcome his sins and he is also God’s champion who completes his vocation foretold by God through his tragic death. | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2014.24.2.323 | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||
ART001933804 | oai_dc | “yet I am chastly honest”: Militant Chastity and the Negotiation of Gendered Morality in Margaret Cavendish’s Loves Adventures | “yet I am chastly honest”: Militant Chastity and the Negotiation of Gendered Morality in Margaret Cavendish’s Loves Adventures | {
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} | [
"지승아(전남대학교)"
] | This paper examines female militancy in Margaret Cavendish’s Loves Adventures and discusses how Cavendish attempts to reconcile women’s social and political actions such as military experiences and petitioning with conventional gender norms. Cavendish dramatizes women warriors in Bell in Campo and Loves Adventures, but deals with female militancy in a different way. Both Lady Victoria in Bell in Campo and Lady Orphant in Loves Adventures engage in warfare for love as an overriding motive of their military pursuits. But, while Lady Victoria expands her personal needs to women’s rights in general, providing forceful arguments for female liberty and autonomy, Lady Orphant regards her military adventure only as a romantic pilgrimage and remains a subordinate subject to her lover, embracing gender hierarchy. This ambivalent attitude towards female self-sovereignty and political capacities shows that Cavendish attempts to vindicate women’s rights without breaching the standards of feminine deportment demanded by patriarchal gender ideologies. Satirical texts during the Civil Wars commonly identified political women with whores. Cavendish is well aware that female militancy blurs the boundary between chastity and whoredom, diverging from the conventional gender norms. Thus, she reconciles female political pursuits with socially inscribed female modesty by dictating chastity in her women warriors. In so doing, she makes female autonomy and pleasure compatible, free from accusations of whorishness. This militant chastity of women warriors, I contend, is the product of Cavendish’s negotiation with gender-biased social imperatives. | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2014.24.2.347 | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||
ART001933799 | oai_dc | 『끝이 좋으면 다 좋다』: 독자의 인식 문제의 거울 | All’s Well That Ends Well: A Mirror of the Reader’s Perceptual Problems | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
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} | [
"송홍한(동아대학교)"
] | As one of Shakespeare's problem plays, All's Well That Ends Well contains complex problems, social as well as personal, and also reflects the audience's or the reader's own problems. Though they are resolved in the end of the play, problems of sin and guilt are not clearly resolved. This play is usually called a problem play, not only because it cannot easily be classified as either a comedy, or a tragedy or a romance, but also because the play deals with social problems that its heroine must overcome. Confronting her problems, Helena, the play's heroine, shows two contradictory characters, both passive and active, conservative and creative. She does not attempt to destroy the traditional social hierarchy in which she can hardly achieve her love for Bertram. She rather uses the social hierarchy in order to pursue her love, when she dares to cure the king's apparently incurable disease. But her very use of the social hierarchy is also active and adventurous. Valuing her right to choose her own life partner against the traditional system of arranged marriage, she decides to lose her virginity to her own liking. She only seeks and uses the best available device to solve her problem, the so-called bed trick, which sparks different responses from the audience or readers. Social problems in the play work as the background for her love, and our concern should be given to how she resolves her problems. As we recognize the problems of Helena's contemporary society through her responses to them, we can face the problems of our own society through our responses to her problems and ways of solutions. The play works as a mirror of our perceptual problems. | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2014.24.2.213 | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||
ART001933801 | oai_dc | 르네상스 영국의 정치사상: 존 던과 존 밀턴 비교연구 | The Political Ideas of Renaissance England: A Comparison of Donne and Milton | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
"publisher": null,
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} | [
"최재헌(경북대학교)"
] | Donne is generally considered as an advocate of the idea that King James' monarchial absolutism that the king's power derived from God alone. On the contrary, Milton is recognized as a pioneer of republicanism who defended the republican government for the legitimacy of the execution of King Charles. Hence Donne and Milton are perceived to be representing two contrasting political thoughts of the Renaissance England. This paper aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the political ideas of Donne and Milton through study of their literary works. Donne published a wide range of prose on religious and political questions. While he aligned his political and religious ideas with James I on majority of the issues, recent literary studies reveal a different side of Donne's ideas. Although not explicitly, it can be analysed that Donne has expressed ambivalent and subversive ideas that contradict the ideas of James I. On another hand, it can be observed that Milton's republican ideas also gradually developed. For example, Milton left room for non-tyrannical monarchy in the The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates, as he opposed tyranny, not the kingship itself. However, later in 1660 when he published The Ready and Easy Way to Establish a Free Commonwealth, Milton confronted rule by any single person, which is not confined to tyranny but includes monarchy in general. Nevertheless, Milton still expressed aristocratic bias in his republican ideas. | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2014.24.2.273 | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||
ART001933798 | oai_dc | “And further doth declare, who was Aucthour”: The Collaborative Environment of Early Modern Authorship | “And further doth declare, who was Aucthour”: The Collaborative Environment of Early Modern Authorship | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"정영진(이화여자대학교)"
] | Literary collaboration has been a focus of recent studies of early modern literature. The outpouring of scholarship on the making of early modern writing and its social and material conditions, in particular, has resulted in rethinking the relation between writers and their writings. Such a critical turn to the material forms on which the meaning of a text depends and to the social networks of composition, publication, and distribution of literary artifacts serves as a call for a more nuanced approach to early modern authorship. With an awareness of this growing revisionary attention to the cultural contexts of early modern literary creativity, this paper considers authoring in the wider social and literary environments that shape the meanings and functions of writing and writer. Discussing the multi-handed textual production of the 1575 Kenilworth entertainments, which evolved from a series of dramatic performances to an anonymous printed text, The Princely Pleasures (1576), this paper brings into focus the making of writing as a collaborative venture which complicates the notions and functions of authorship. | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2014.24.2.181 | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||
ART001933800 | oai_dc | 『정숙한 창녀 1부』에 드러난 광기 | Insanity Represented in The Honest Whore Part 1 | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"조영미(한국산업기술대학교)"
] | This paper explores the possibility of reading The Honest Whore Part 1 with the keyword of insanity in mind, providing a whole framework to the play which has often been criticized for the lack of coherence in terms of both its themes and main characters. Insanity is, as Michael MacDonald argues, the most solitary affliction for the victims but the most social malady for the specific society where he/she belongs, as insanity isolates its victims in terms of the conventions of behavior, thought, and emotion that bind the members of a society together. The Honest Whore Part 1 can be read through insanity, as every character, at the final scene, converges on the Bethlehem, the asylum for the insane, showing that they are related to madness in some way or another, and even in the course of the play, the main characters show some sign of madness. Hippolyto, detained from marrying his lover, Infelice, by her fake death and funeral directed by the Duke, her father, falls into melancholy. His melancholy is represented as a gentle disease, appropriate for the aristocracy and gentry. However, his melancholy does not display any sign of the exalted state of the spirit, contrary to the typical view of it in the period. Viola, the wife of Candido, is another character who shows some symptoms of madness. Her insanity takes the form of hysteria, which was considered the result of wandering womb. She shows the characteristics of a hysterical wife, but Dekker and Middleton embody her insanity not only as a distinctive woman’s disease but also a justifiable response to her over-patient husband, Candido. Through the representation of Viola’s unreasonable behavior toward Candido, the dramatists let open the other side of the merchant’s ideological background, the pursuit of profit at all odds. Finally, Bellafront is also associated with madness by incarcerating herself voluntarily in the Bethlehem to everybody’s surprise. Her feigned madness is an inevitable choice for her as she has no place to go when she tries to flee from “the undoing city.” As soon as she seeks to abandon her identity as a prostitute and join respectable society, she is only rebuked and rejected. Her dislocation to the Bethlehem is symbolic of what options people at the margin of the society could have once they were expelled from that society. In sum, Dekker and Middleton dramatize each character’s insanity as a class-appropriate response to social stress. In addition, by gathering all the characters to the Bethlehem at the final scene, Dekker and Middleton go as far as to explore several implications around the insanity: what makes the gap between sanity and insanity in this specific society: where the theatricality of the madness originates: how the display of madness is appropriated by the ruling class to contain the disorder and confusion. In this way, The Honest Whore Part 1 actively participates and negotiates in the debate of the early modern England on “the confused, charged, and contested topic of madness.” | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2014.24.2.237 | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||
ART002112450 | oai_dc | “’tis our best art to dissemble well”: Performed Chastity and Purloined Women in Thomas Middleton’s A Mad World, My Masters | “’tis our best art to dissemble well”: Performed Chastity and Purloined Women in Thomas Middleton’s A Mad World, My Masters | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"지승아(전남대학교)"
] | Thomas Middleton’s A Mad World, My Masters offers a kaleidoscopic view of tricksters who constantly dissemble for their economic and sexual profits. A prodigal Dick Follywit cheats his rich grandfather Sir Bounteous Progress, a seemingly chaste wife Mrs. Harebrain commits adultery, and Sir Bounteous’ kept-mistress Frank Gullman passes as a virgin. The expansion of market economy in early modern England that established social relations via economic transactions set a stage for these tricksters to dissemble. In particular, women’s dissembling is worthy of notice in this play. The courtesan launches herself into a marriage market by performing virginity, and Mrs. Harebrain cuckolds her jealous husband by feigning her fidelity. Both women’s theatricality makes sexually anxious men deceived by their own follies. The outstanding trickster Follywit is ironically tricked into a marriage to the courtesan, and Harebrain inadvertently gives his wife a chance to cuckold him. Examining the way in which dissembling works in the play, I will argue that women’s performances function as a double-edged sword. Performed chastity intensifies male antipathy towards desiring women but mocks imprudent husbands whose sexual fantasy of virginity make them blind to the fact that chastity can be performed. Men’s efforts to regulate female sexuality turn out to be futile, and their women are purloined by their sexual rivals. Meanwhile, dissembling is for women a means to constitute themselves as transgressive yet autonomous desiring subjects despite patriarchal restrictions of female sexuality and to survive the mad world in which sex is the close nexus of money. | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2016.26.1.33 | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||
ART002112460 | oai_dc | Milton’s Mirth and Addison’s Humor | Milton’s Mirth and Addison’s Humor | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"김순배(성균관대학교)"
] | This essay is designed to construct a legitimate connection between John Milton and Joseph Addison via the notion of humor. In the process, I argue that Addison with his daily journal plays a critical role in mediating the Miltonic world of literature to his polite and amicable audience in the age of transvaluation of the early eighteenth century. For this argument, I first point out the fact that Addison and Milton belong to the protestant Whiggish party, so that they share similar political ideology and principles. Second, while Milton tries to establish the fundamental conditions of early-modern humanity such as liberal conscience and free will, Addison stresses the significance of freedom in readership. Third, the idea of humor encapsulates the idea of critical and creative spectatorship in consuming literary art. This does not simply mean moral ethos or epistemological confidence in response to the text. In the end, the journalist and critic of the early-eighteenth century introduces Milton as the precursor of aesthetic relationality between the audience and the text. | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2016.26.1.89 | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||
ART002112462 | oai_dc | 드라이든의 『경이의 해』와 제국주의 신화 | Dryden's Annus Mirabilis and Imperialist Myth | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
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"issue": null
} | [
"김옥수(제주대학교)"
] | This essay purports to view Dryden's Annus Mirabilis in context of imperialist myth. The poem deals with two great sea-battles against the Dutch and then the Great Fire of London. In Annus Mirabilis, Dryden expresses the hope for England's imperial peace, insisting that England will overcome these national hazards, and become a new empire like Rome.
Dryden tries to justify England's imperialism by presenting several fantasies about imperialism. The first fantasy is that while the Dutch's monopolistic trade control destroys the world economy, England civilizes other countries by teaching advanced scientific knowledges to them. In other words, Dryden insists on the civilizing mission of British imperialism, emphasizing that England will contribute to developing weak countries, and civilize barbarous peoples. The second fantasy is that of benevolent trade that England is engaged in. Everyone participating in the British benevolent system of trade is imagined to benefit from a generous exchange of goods that evens out the wealth of the world. In this global fantasy, all the nations engaged with British trade will crowd the imperial city, London. The poem envisages a new imperial city of London, rising from the ashes of the Great Fire. It will be the center of a commercial empire as great in its humanity and benevolence as that of the Dutch was in its selfishness and cruelty. The final fantasy that Dryden presents is the idea of Pax Britannica. In this fantasy, it is believed that the British trade supremacy will bring world peace. Dryden thinks that Britain will need no navy, since the world will come voluntarily to London, and the merchants, drawn to the beauty of the imperial city, will remain in this new cosmopolitan city, using it as the sole destination of their trading circuit. This final fantasy is a great contradiction, because Dryden tries to erase wars and violence that necessarily accompany the imperial enterprises.
In conclusion, Dryden expresses the imperialist myth that England will civilize barbarous peoples by trade, and the British control of trade will bring world peace. Dryden's imperialist myth influences his successors, Pope and Lillo. | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2016.26.1.107 | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||
ART002112464 | oai_dc | A Study on the Prototype of Femmes Fatales: Lilith | A Study on the Prototype of Femmes Fatales: Lilith | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
"publisher": null,
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"issue": null
} | [
"노이균(우송정보대학)"
] | In an effort to explain inconsistence in the Old Testament, there developed in Jewish literature a complex interpretive system called the midrash which attempts to reconcile biblical contradictions and bring new meaning to the scriptural text. The earliest surviving mention of Lilith's name appears in Gilgamesh and the Huluppu-Tree, a Sumerian epic poem found on a tablet at Ur and dating from approximately 2000 B.C. According to midrashic literature, Adam's first wife was not Eve but a woman named Lilith, who was created in the first Genesis account. Only when Lilith rebelled and abandoned Adam did God create Eve, in the second account, as a replacement. In most manifestations of her myth, Lilith represents chaos, seduction and ungodliness. Lilith is connected with the Greek Lamia, who likewise governed a class of child stealing lamia-demons. Lamia had a vicious sexual appetite that matched her cannibalistic appetite for children. She was notorious for being a vampiric spirit and loved sucking men's blood. It has been suggested that later medieval lore of the succubi is derived from this myth. Unwholesome sexual practices are linked to Lilith as she powerfully embodies the demon-lover myth. Until the seventh century A.D., Lilith was known as a dangerous embodiment of dark, feminine powers. In the Middle Ages, however, the Babylonian she-demon took on new and even more sinister characteristics. The power struggle between Lilith and Adam is a conflict which clearly deals with one of patriarchal authority versus matriarchal desire for emancipation, and the warring couple cannot reconcile. They represent the archetypal battle of the sexes. The wife's demand for equality and autonomy must have appeared highly threatening to the male consciousness moulded by the spiritually-patriarchal cultural cannons. The dominating attitude of patriarchal man towards the feminine is, at bottom, nothing more nor less than an expression of his deep-seated fears and his uncertainty of womankind. At the same time, behind these fears must also lie a certain fascination. From this point of view, in short words, arises Lilith, the archetype of femmes fatales, and she can be the very essence of all the femmes fatales of the ancient, medieval, and modern times; she can be a seductress, heroine, and murderer. | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2016.26.1.127 | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||
ART002112452 | oai_dc | Interrogation and Subversion in the English Renaissance Drama | Interrogation and Subversion in the English Renaissance Drama | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
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"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"선우진(서울신학대학교)"
] | Recent studies of Renaissance drama are faced with an interesting question regarding whether Renaissance drama, in the words of Jonathan Dollimore, “reinforce the dominant order” or whether they “interrogate it to the point of subversion.” Traditional critics understood theater, knowing or otherwise, as a participant in the efforts to represent and reinforce the dominant providential ideology of the state. More recently, however, Cultural Materialists critic such as Dollimore rejects such a view, choosing instead to emphasize how the plays interrogate and subvert the underlying official ideology of the period. Based on select readings of Shakespeare’s plays, Hamlet and Henry V, as a case in point, it is the argument of this paper that Renaissance drama do offer aspects of interrogation and subversion that works to demystify the prevalent ideology of the period. As a means of subverting the “impulse towards containment,” both plays play upon the traditional expectations of providential history as a means of legitimation only to subvert and display the same ideological conventions through contradiction, parody and irony. | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2016.26.1.75 | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||
ART002112451 | oai_dc | The Elizabethan Concept of Children in Shakespeare’s Plays | The Elizabethan Concept of Children in Shakespeare’s Plays | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
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} | [
"이병은(한성대학교)"
] | This paper begins with the assumption that children are described in various works of the Shakespeare canon as “miniature adults,” in which they possess upon birth all the attributes which would be potentially manifested in their adulthood. Roles given to children lend themselves to this interpretation, and many line references to children further substantiate such a view, as Antonio in Much Ado About Nothing says, “[T]herein do men from children nothing differ.” This is an approach to Shakespeare based on the premise that blood was a chief reason since high aristocratic blood which endowed its possessor with many unlabored advantages was supposed to invest its container with an air of distinction that would manifest itself even in unlikely circumstances. So, Shakespeare's concern of the Elizabethan concept of children comes from the notion of order which was a very significant part of Elizabethan thought.
For example, in The Merry Wives of Windsor, William Page pictures the Elizabethan idea of children as expressed by Shakespeare. The son of a gentleman, William is able to answer those questions which the servant, Quick, does not even understand. William is bewildered, yet very articulate and clever in his replies. Arthur in King John is another case of the Elizabethan idea of children, showing natural intellectuality or intuitive knowledge upon birth, which can not be explained by the Elizabethan aristocratic education. Arthur is represented as reflecting his gentle birthright, as much as Joan of Arc in Henry IV, Part 1 reflects her base heritage. This paper also deals with Lucius in Titus Andronicus, Clarence’s children of Richard III, the Macduff child in Macbeth, young Marcius in Coriolanus, and Mamillius in The Winter’s Tale. | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2016.26.1.55 | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||
ART002112459 | oai_dc | 감정과 기도의 언어: 앤 로크의 『참회하는 죄인의 묵상』(1560) | Affect and the Language of Prayer: Anne Vaughan Lock’s Meditation of a Penitent Sinner (1560) | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
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"issue": null
} | [
"정영진(이화여자대학교)"
] | This essay offers a reading of Anne Vaughan Lock’s Meditation of a Penitent Sinner (1560) with a special emphasis on the historical and religious significance of Lock’s use of affective devotional language. Meditation has long been discussed as a ground-breaking work in which Lock transforms Psalm 51, Miserere mei Deus, the most frequently recited penitential Psalm, into an expanded prayer as well as a paraphrase written in the manner of a sequential Petrarchan sonnet. Literary critics and historians have focused on the extent to which Lock appropriates Calvinist doctrine and rhetoric while employing this secular literary genre. What remains largely neglected is the way Lock’s affective language complicates the problem of prayer language in mid sixteenth-century England. Lock published Meditation just one year after the publication of the Elizabethan Book of Common Prayer and official Primer, both of which appeared in 1559 following England’s return to Protestantism. Together, these two works offered an authorized form and lexicon of prayer that subsumed individual emotions and verbal expressions under a mediated collective ‘common’ language of prayer. Read in dialogue with these contemporary works of officially sanctioned devotional language, Lock’s Meditation takes on a new significance due to its emphasis on affect and privacy in prayer. Analyzing the ways in which Lock brings the feelings of the penitential sinner into sharp focus through simple and yet varying poetic devices, I argue that Lock’s use of affective devotional language in this period of religious and liturgical transition engages with contested contemporary negotiations over the language of prayer. | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2016.26.1.1 | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||
ART001996100 | oai_dc | Characters and Audiences in Jonson’s Volpone | Characters and Audiences in Jonson’s Volpone | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
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} | [
"이병은(한성대학교)"
] | Critics have often expressed hesitation and confusion when they attempt to classify Jonson’s Volpone into conventional literary categories. This paper thinks that we need to see drama as a configuration of changing relationships between character and audience, with irony the controlling element. The literary hybrids in Volpone which arise from the blending of comedy and tragedy often function as satire. Despite the disdain and skepticism towards society, the satiric effects in the work ― alternately titillating and repelling us with his protagonist’s vitality and perversion ― demonstrate Jonson’s shared belief in the power of art and his faith in the conscious and aware decision of an individual. Forcing the audience into the dual perspective of juror and critic, Jonson illustrates the problematic nature of judgment based on generalized precepts and untrustworthy value systems; therefore, one must turn to himself or herself to consciously discover a moral center.
We cannot judge the success of Jonson’s drama based on the traditional literary categories, for this play goes far beyond those guidelines to express the relationship between the audience and a work of art. To develop that relationship, Jonson creates a bleak world where even the justice system is totally ineffective. Because of the double role we have maintained throughout the play as juror and critic, we are simultaneously able to understand the necessity for Volpone’s punishment and to appreciate the object of the satire, which is not external to us, but within ourselves. When we cannot rely on societal precepts to distinguish between right and wrong, we must turn within ourselves to discover a moral standard to measure, as Mosca says early in the play, “By your own scale.” That we cannot simply condemn Volpone does not allow us to sit back smugly in complacent judgment. Instead, by evoking a complex response from his audience and reminding us that all has been a play, Jonson causes us to acknowledge the power of art. As a catalyst, art can help us make conscious decisions based on what we have witnessed and at the end of Volpone, we “fare jovially, and clap hands.” | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2015.25.1.79 | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||
ART001996094 | oai_dc | 여백에서 읽는 근대성: 제네바 성서 주석에서의 ‘폭군’(tyrant) | Modernity in the Marginalia: The “Tyrant” in the Marginal Notes of the Geneva Bible | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
"publisher": null,
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} | [
"윤혜준(연세대학교)"
] | The Geneva Bible, although gradually superseded by the King James Bible in the 17th century, was a highly popular and influential publication, whose uniqueness is most poignantly captured by its dense marginal notes that sought to supplement the Scripture with the translators’ commentaries. The prefatory epistle to the Geneva Bible justifies this bold and problematic intrusion―for the amalgamation of notes to the main text on the same page at once implements and undermines the Reformation slogan of “sola scriptura”―as needful elucidation of “all the hard places” in the Bible. Yet the repeated usage of the term “tyrant” and “tyranny” in the marginal notes suggests that the actual intention or effect of filling the margins of the revealed Word (believed to have been authored by the Holy Spirit) with human words was more complicated. Most of the 64 appearances of the word “tyrant” in the notes to the Old Testament books are often gratuitous generalization appended to a fairly factual narrative account of the evil deeds or intents of the powerful figures and kings, which have nothing particularly abstruse or mysterious about it. The notes employing the terms “tyrant” and “tyranny” typically analyze how tyrants behave or suggest what can or should be done about such tyrants. The latter issue was bound to be highly contentious, since the Geneva glosses at times clearly advocate active resistance to political oppression. Such seditious implications went beyond not only the traditional Catholic stance on political authority but jarred against the sentiments of the monarch who initiated the King James Bible, whose mission it was to replace the offending Geneva. The Geneva Bible’s preoccupation with “tyrant” and “tyranny” finds an amplified echo in the writings of those involved in the translation project such as Christopher Goodman and John Knox. In the King James Bible, the words “tyrant” and “tyranny” were cut off entirely, and the format of filling the margins with explanatory notes was thrown overboard. They were revived, however, in all possible collocations and contexts, during the Interregnum. The Restoration put a lid on the discourse of tyranny, only to see its resurgence during the Glorious Revolution, and in the next century, during the American Revolution. The emergence of “tyrant” and “tyranny” as important key words of political discourse in the marginalia of the Geneva Bible, then, have to be given their proper credit as a significant first stage in the evolution of the political discourse of liberalism. As such it should stand as one clear evidence attesting to the often ignored kinship ties between the Reformation and the Enlightenment. | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2015.25.1.1 | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||
ART001997450 | oai_dc | The Metaphysics of Milton’s Masque, 1634 to 1645 | The Metaphysics of Milton’s Masque,1634 to 1645 | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
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} | [
"서홍원(연세대학교)"
] | The Poems of 1645 marks a defining moment in the poet’s career. Milton’s need for respectability to counter the attacks on his divorce tracts, combined with anxiety that his “late spring no bud or blossom shew’th” (“Sonnet 7” 4), converge in the printing of this volume of poetry. Though A Masque was the longest poem he had composed thus far, length was perhaps the least of Milton’s reasons for placing at the center of the collection. In this paper, I suggest that the career of the Masque from its performance in 1634 to its inclusion in the 1645 Poems may be traced by observing the changes in Milton’s metaphysical view of the world, from rudimentary Platonic abstraction in the early poems, through a more serious exploration of the body-soul dualism in the more mature poems, and finally to glimpses of materialist monism in the divorce tracts. In the end, I argue that the success or failure the virtuous soul in the Masque depends on how one views the materiality of the soul, but this metaphysical question is yet to be worked out in 1645, and the Lady continues to sit in ambiguity. | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2015.25.1.109 | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||
ART001996101 | oai_dc | Discourse on the Dangers of Rampant Individualism in Paradise Lost | Discourse on the Dangers of Rampant Individualism in Paradise Lost | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"선우진(서울신학대학교)"
] | Beginning with Jacob Burckhardt’s landmark study, The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy, which puts forth the idea of the independent and subjective individual as the greatest of Renaissance discovery, there is an ongoing discussion on the subject of individuality in regard to the Renaissance period. Some critics such as William Kerrigan and Gordon Braden supports Burckhardt’s argument that the Renaissance period gave birth to the idea of individuality that radically advanced “the mode of conceiving and representing both the individual and human nature in general.” Others, particularly, the New Historists such as Stephen Greenblatt, argue that Burckhardt’s assertion regarding the emergence of men during the Renaissance “as free individuals must be sharply qualified” and that the very notion of individualism is a cultural construct. Regardless of the merits of the two opposing arguments, nevertheless, it is the argument of this article that John Milton also partakes in this discourse in Paradise Lost, one in which, perhaps surprisingly, he chooses to underscore the inherent dangers of individualistic tendencies by correlating them to Satan and his evil machinations. | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2015.25.1.93 | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||
ART001996097 | oai_dc | “how many paire of Latin sheets, we haue shaken & cut into shreds”: Rethinking the Book in Early Modern Material Culture | “how many paire of Latin sheets, we haue shaken & cut into shreds”: Rethinking the Book in Early Modern Material Culture | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
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} | [
"정영진(이화여자대학교)"
] | This essay offers a materially grounded reading of the early modern book with a special emphasis on the extent to which the physical aspect of the book participates in the process of meaning-making through its relationship with a human agent. Recent developments in the history of reading and textual scholarship have complicated the notion and status of the book, underscoring the dynamic relationship between books and human activities. Hence I call attention to early modern books as complex material objects that not only carry considerable cultural freight but also serve as powerful media of cultural translations of human agency and identity. Looking closely at bookbinding, which is the first physical element of the book we experience and thus a tangible and immediate reminder of a book’s thingness, I scrutinize the ways in which the non-verbal performativity of the book engages with expressive selfhood and gestures toward a larger social and symbolic plentitude. This essay does not aim to advance a comprehensive account of the early modern book-as-thing and its shifting status. I nevertheless hope to foster vigorous dialogue about how we might conceptualize the materiality of the book, and by extension, the material culture in which the book is located. | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2015.25.1.25 | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||
ART001996099 | oai_dc | 코리얼라누스 그리고 셰익스피어의 정치신학 | Coriolanus and Shakespeare’s Political Theology | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"김재철(한성대학교)"
] | Among the Shakespeare’s late dramatic corpora, Coriolanus has been received as a timeless metaphor of class conflicts between social classes. New historicism, in particular, Annabel Patterson’s work has successfully demonstrated that the subtext of Coriolanus is the 1607 peasants’ revolt in Midlands, not far from Shakespeare’s hometown in Warwickshire. This sort of reading, however, systematically silences the play’s Roman political cast which fully engages the question of the sovereignty. The present essay in this light surveys Shakespeare’s Coriolanus in terms of political theology which offers basic understandings of the sovereignty and the rise of modern state. In the play, Coriolanus is a threat to the Roman republic since despite his will to sovereign authority, he hates the common plebeians and ignores their voices. Thus Shakespeare structures the tension of the play around the conflict between the singular sovereignty represented by Coriolanus and fragmented voices of the “multitude.” Critics such as James Kuzner and Ineke Murakami have analyzed this political structure based on the Agambenian concept of homo sacer and have argued that insofar as the sovereign life is a presence located outside of the common and exceptional to the constitutional authority, following the same logic, the sovereign himself could be also reduced to a bare life. Indeed, in the play Coriolanus becomes a type of homo sacer and is murdered as a bare life in the end. Yet this sort of formulaic reading focuses solely on Coriolanus—the homo sacer as he is at once the sovereign and bare life—and tends to ignore another rich field of discussion--the revolutionary and irrepressible “multitude” depicted in the tragedy, which Antonio Negri and Michael Hardt have theorized as the liberating force. The Shakespearean representation of the "multitude" becomes the major focus of this essay. Moreover, by re-casting the play in terms of the “plague narrative,” teeming with metaphors of illnesses and contagions, this essay focuses on the mechanism of the “immunity” operating in the play. The concept of immunity explains the paradoxical presence of Coriolanus who is simultaneously the protective force of the Roman society (against the invasions from the enemy outside) and the contagious source of it (as he refuges to be part of the res publica, the commonwealth). | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2015.25.1.51 | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||
ART001824906 | oai_dc | 불교의 쌍차쌍조(雙遮雙照)에서 존 던의 시 『금지』 읽기 | Reading John Donne's Poem, “The Prohibition” in terms of Nāgārjuna's Dialectic Deconstruction | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"이상엽(경희대학교)"
] | The aim of this thesis is to interpret John Donne's three-stanza-composed poem, “The Prohibition,” not in terms of the western logic of syllogism but in terms of Nāgārjuna's dialectic deconstruction which T. R. V. Murti named the Mādhyamika dialectic. This paper attempts to search for John Donne's greater closeness to eastern thought than to western thought. Unlike Hegel, who supports the traditional logic of thesis-antithesis-synthesis, Nāgārjuna makes use of a negative dialectic to attain his goal. The negation consists of two stages:the first is the negation of all metaphysical views, and the other the affirmation of the alternatives. Called Tetralemma (四句否定),his negation has the form of neither-nor (雙遮) which is employed to deconstruct the four extreme and exclusive views or binary oppositions of the metaphysical. Additionally, his affirmation is embodied in the formular of both-and (雙照),which embraces all of the alternatives. Both the first stanza and the second stanza of “The Prohibition” as one unit are true of the form neither-nor. I want to say that the third stanza independently corresponds to both-and. In the third stanza, the speaker tells his mistress to love and hate him simultaneously too. Thus, these two extreme passions cancel each other out. He says that she should love him in order that he may die in the gentler way (through orgasm). She should also hate him since her love is too powerful for him lest one of these two alone would destroy him. Then, he shall be a type of living exhibition for her to display her conquest rather than a triumph (where captives were later slaughtered). In order to let him live, she should not destroy her love, her hatred, and him but rather she should love and hate him at the same time. | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2013.23.2.271 | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||
ART001824911 | oai_dc | “Due and timely obedience”: Milton’s Self-Disciplinary Poetics | “Due and timely obedience”: Milton’s Self-Disciplinary Poetics | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"정영진(이화여자대학교)"
] | This paper explores the ways in which Milton’s “due and timely obedience” informs his early poems, especially sonnet 7 and “The Passion.” “Due and timely obedience,” a phrase that originally appears in Milton’s defense of his delay in taking ordination, is more complex and nuanced than it first appears. By making an inquiry into its theological and aesthetic resonances, I argue that “due and timely obedience” is central to Milton’s vocational development. With a self-referential (mis)reading of the parables of the talents and of the vineyard, Milton formulates the idea of “due and timely obedience,”which envisions the dynamic interplay of divine will and volition. By showing how he grows into a humble and patient poet able to curb his impulse to premature action in accordance with time and the will of Heaven, sonnet 7 paradigmatically illustrates the self-disciplinary aspect of “due and timely obedience” and how theology and poetry are inseparable in Milton’s successful poetry writing. Milton’s self-disciplinary poetics of “due and timely obedience” develops not without tension, however. Directing attention to “The Passion,”Milton’s self-acknowledged failure, I examine the extent to which Milton fails to invest his talent “due and timely” and how this poem-as-failure serves meaningfully to dramatize Milton’s vocational development in the 1645 Poems. Milton’s Passion poem, the aesthetic failure of which is interwoven with the young poet’s failure to resist the temptation of premature action, opens a window through which we see Milton wrestle with how to invest his talent as a due response to divine will. Followed by sonnet 7 and “Lycidas” in the 1645 Poems, “The Passion,” despite its intrinsic shortcoming, plays an important role in the dynamic evolution of Milton’s self-disciplinary poetics of “due and timely obedience.” | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2013.23.2.327 | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||
ART001824947 | oai_dc | 왜 삼손 방문객들은 실패하는가? 아리스토텔레스의 『수사학』과 『투사 삼손』 | Why Do Samson's Visitors Fail? Samson Agonistes in the context of Rhetoric | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"이철호(한국교통대학교)"
] | In Book 1 of Rhetoric, Aristotle introduces the three genres of rhetoric:deliberative/ political, epideictic/ ceremonial, and forensic/ judicial. Here he also discusses in detail the three modes of persuasion that the orators of each of these genres must comparatively rely on: those grounded in credibility (ethos), in the emotions and psychology of the audience (pathos), and in patterns of reasoning (logos). The purpose of this article is to find out why the three visitors fail in winning Samson through discourse in the framework of Aristotle's three genres and modes of persuasion. The essential elements of epideictic speaking, praise and blame, are the concerns of Manoa. He is appalled at the present condition of his son, which is the temporal focus of the genre. But he can't accomplish his purpose of visit because he makes some mistakes in understanding the present feelings of Samson or sympathizing with his emotions (pathos).
Dalila attempts to make some specious excuses for her betrayal by citing many examples and maxims that are the chief rhetorical devices of deliberative oratory. Though she argues that her goal of visit is setting him free and happy with her in the future, her end can't be attained due to his firm distrust of her feigned remorse and wonders in her change (ethos). Harapha is considered to be a forensic speaker in that many important terms of his discourse have much to do with the Law. The object of his visit seems to prove Samson's past actions due by the Law to capital punishment. The reason he can't achieve this object is that his frequent use of subjunctive mood, arbitrary judgments, and vague threats are not appropriate for deductive reasoning of a judicial speech (logos). In brief, each of Samson's visitors can be said to choose an apparently fit kind of rhetoric for his or her intention of visit, but the incompatibility of their modes of persuasion with the relevant genres of rhetoric makes them leave the stage without gaining their ends. | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2013.23.2.397 | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||
ART001824892 | oai_dc | 셰익스피어 소네트와 근대적 주체 | Shakespeare’s Sonnet and the Modern Subject | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"이종우(홍익대학교)"
] | This essay examines the ways in which the speaker persistently attempts to form self-identity as a modern subject in Shakespeare’s Sonnet 144. The speaker performs the interpretative journey to discover the true nature and meaning of love. In the process of refusing the conventional definition of love and constructing a new existence of love, the speaker self-consciously struggles to fashion himself on a basis of logical reasoning and material desire representing modernity. He is placed in a complex love relationship in which the speaker, a young man, and dark lady try to appropriate love in their own way. The young man tends to idealize love, defining love in terms of purity and physical beauty, while the lady pursues love physically and consumingly, approaching love as a means of sexual desire and temptation. The love of these characters is fragmented, selfish and static. Overcoming the negative aspects of love, the speaker examines the meaning of spirituality and physicality and seeks to redefine the relationship between spiritual love and physical love in a unifying method. In the course of confirming a new identity of love, the speaker grows into the modern subject through employing a modern way of thinking, critical doubt and logical examination. Especially he establishes himself as a modern subject by proving and strengthening the value and necessity of material desire shown in “a woman coloured ill”(4). He liberates himself from the closed system of the binary opposition between spirit and body, male and female, and furthermore advances to pontificate the power of material desire up to the point which it can bring the birth of modern man. His tireless quest for modernity satisfies the training and conditions needed to become a solid modern subject. In the last part of the sonnet, he once again stands to write a new love story containing the attempts of carrying out a modern spirituality rooted in material desire. He will certainly be a writing subject. Here lies the speaker's identity as a modern subject. | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2013.23.2.217 | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||
ART001824898 | oai_dc | 존 던과 불일치의 시학 | John Donne and Poetics of Inconsistency | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"김종두(연세대학교)"
] | John Donne who is well known as the leading metaphysical poet in the seventeenth century sings important aspects of human experience in his poems. His individual poems express various contradictory views of love, women, and the body and soul. He explores the value of idealistic love in one poem and shows the inevitableness of the change in human love in another poem. For example, in his poem “A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning” the speaker asserts that the love between his lover and him is quite different from sublunary lovers’ love. Their two souls, which are one, never break off even when they separate each other physically. Even though he must go far away from his woman, they are only expended like the beaten gold. He emphasizes his love as an ideal one which is characterized by perfection and everlastingness. On the other hand, in such a poem “Song: Go and Catch a Falling Star” the speaker laments that he can never meet a woman true and fair. He shows his cynicism of the idealistic love that seeks stability and perfection in this world. He believes that change and decay are the condition in which the two lovers find themselves. The contrary impulses like this in Donne’s poetry come from his diverse experience. His love poetry Songs and Sonnets expresses not only his concept of love but also the power of love that can survive human life in this world where change and death sway man’s destiny. His various attitudes and the ambiguities of his poems show what is his view of the world and life in this mutable world. The inconsistency of his poetry expresses the instability and infinity of his desire. He wants to know everything in life and he cannot stop asking questions about human life. It is this curiosity and insatiability of his mind that make his poems filled with strong energy. The poetics of his inconsistency results from his desire for knowing something more over and over again. | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2013.23.2.251 | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||
ART001824909 | oai_dc | The Fates of the Poetics of Epic in the Age of Leviathan: Davenant’s Preface to Gondibert, and Thomas Hobbes’s Answer to the Preface | The Fates of the Poetics of Epic in the Age of Leviathan: Davenant’s Preface to Gondibert, and Thomas Hobbes’s Answer to the Preface | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
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"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"김보민(서울대학교)"
] | This article argues for the significance of William Davenant’s preface to his epic Gondibert and Thomas Hobbes’s answer to it as testaments to the epochal changes in the theory of heroic poetry at the historical juncture of the English Civil War and Interregnum. I show two “Hobbesian” poetics of epic emerging from the Davenant-Hobbes encounter and how the distinct views of heroic poetry were alike in placing emphasis on the common people at the expense of the nobles as the traditional sponsors of epic. Davenant’s attempt to use traditional humanist poetics to politicize epic as an ideological apparatus in the service of the sovereign ends up practically negating the very status of the aristocracy as the privileged consumer of epic;and Hobbes intimates a new prospect of literary consumption in which epic would lose its traditional politico-moral trappings and pretensions,and be appreciated as mere entertainment by readers from all walks of life. From the vantage point of later developments, both the politicized and the de-politicized poetics of epic can be seen to have adumbrated a future when “man” rather than class would be the chief referential standard in the theory and practice of narrative literature. | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2013.23.2.303 | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||
ART001824878 | oai_dc | 『유토피아』와 파라텍스트(Paratext) | Thomas More’s Utopia and Paratext | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"최재민(목포대학교)"
] | Despite its classical status in Korean academics, Thomas More’s Utopia has been often discussed without due consideration of the historical and cultural contexts from which the work arose. Without bothering to look into nuances of the text, many intellectuals in Korean academics identify More’s Utopia, rather too hastily, as an early emergence either of Marxism or of Utopian discourse. To suggest a more productive reading of More’s Utopia, this paper focuses on the paratextual elements in More’s book, especially the introductory epistles and poems written by More’s friends and acquaintances, including Desiderius Erasmus and Peter Giles. Through the analysis of paratextual elements, the paper argues that More’s Utopia is a collaborative work of Northern humanists in More’s time under the guiding sprit of friendship, thereby problematizing a conventional understanding of the authorship of the book and placing the meaning of Utopia (“Nowhere”) in on-going textual conversations among the like-minded. | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2013.23.2.175 | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||
ART001824918 | oai_dc | 『우상파괴자』: 정치적 우상화에 대한 밀턴의 비판 | Eikonoklastes: Milton’s Criticism of Political Idolization | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
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"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"송홍한(동아대학교)"
] | Eikonoklastes does not merely deal with Milton’s justification of the regicide of the dead king Charles I but the political idolization of any monarch, which leads to a potential threat to the freedom of the people. In this prose, Milton responds to and criticizes Charles’political self-idolization depicted in Eikon Basilike, while he repeats and extends his own theory of popular sovereignty suggested in The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates. In both Eikonoklastes and The Tenure, Milton argues for the people’s rights and freedom, and emphasizes the social contract for the kingship between the king and his people. Milton fears and warns that Charles’ political idolization, though attempted posthumously after the regicide, may lead to a revival of tyrannical monarchy. In Milton’s view, Eikon is a kind of artistic fiction beatifying the dead king’s tyrannical life, providing a forged image of the dead king as a martyr or the second Christ. Though Milton is deeply disappointed at the “inconstant, irrational, and image-doting rabble,” he attempts to persuade them to turn back by reminding them of the dead king’s tyranny and his last political self- idolization. For this purpose, he attempts to destroy Charles’ political idolization cunningly fabricated in Eikon, by pointing out related historical facts one by one. Though Cromwell’s republican government fails by the Restoration, Milton’s republican ideal revives along with the Glorious Revolution in 1688, and still remains in the heart of the English people. | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2013.23.2.355 | kci_detailed_000254.xml | ||
ART001824883 | oai_dc | 셰익스피어의 역사 서술 | Shakespeare's Description of History | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
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} | [
"이정영(경북대학교)"
] | This paper aims to examine how Shakespeare describes the history of England in his English history plays. Like his contemporary dramatists, Shakespeare’s writing about England was influenced by the social and political concerns of his age, and bound up with the anxiety about the war with Spain and the controversy over the royal succession during the last years of Elizabeth I. There have been various opinions about whether Shakespeare demonstrates the validity of the Tudor dynasty. Because it seems that Shakespeare takes an ambiguous position, it is not certain that Shakespeare supports the validity of the Tudor dynasty. However, it is indisputable that his history plays include the intention to prevent the failure of politics. Because history was popular subject in the early modern England, the description of history was generally subject to official scrutiny. Particularly, history plays depict the matters with regard to kings, which made the government control the contents of history plays. Readers and spectators in Renaissance England intended to regard history plays as reflecting the present issues such as the succession to the queen and the circumstances at the moment. Apart from the problem about whether Shakespeare had the intention to represent Renaissance England in his history play, it is more important to understand the various voices in the play. | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2013.23.2.199 | kci_detailed_000255.xml | ||
ART001824926 | oai_dc | 밀턴의 『투사 삼손』 읽기: 구원인가, 복수의 완성인가? | Reading Milton's Samson Agonistes: Is it Salvation or the Completion of Revenge? | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
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} | [
"서영윤(한성대학교)"
] | In Samson Agonistes(1671) John Milton focuses on the last critical moments of Samson's life. In this study, I try to answer the question “Does Milton ultimately embody Samson's salvation or the completion of divine revenge?” in Samson Agonistes. To achieve this I’ll show that Milton rewrites the biblical Samson story as a tragedy with a Christian perspective by means of dramatizing Samson's spiritual sufferings and growth.
Milton's Samson has a psychological depth that is hard to find in the biblical Samson story. At the beginning of the play, blinded and imprisoned Samson abandons himself to despair. However, through his successful struggles with tempters such as Chorus, Manoa, Dalila and Harapha and also through ‘rousing divine motions’ in him, Samson finally revenges himself on both the Philistines and their false god Dagon in self-destructive violence. Samson Agonistes is seemingly a play in which almost nothing happens except Samson's final act. But Milton makes Samson's struggles internal and so most of things happen inside Samson. While some critics say Samson, as an instrument of Providence, dramatizes the completion of divine revenge in the end, others say he eventually reaches salvation through his victory over temptations and painful despair. If we put any one perspective upon Samson Agonistes, it ought to seem the partial and incomplete understanding of the play. Therefore, it is a convincing explanation that Samson finally responds God's purposes with his free will. | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2013.23.2.379 | kci_detailed_000255.xml | ||
ART001824872 | oai_dc | 중세 시대의 섹스: 동성애를 중심으로 | Sex in the Middle Ages: Focused on Homosexuality | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"노이균(우송대)"
] | As a field of scholarly investigation, the history of homosexuality is about as old as gender history. As a matter of fact, the invention of the term ‘homosexuality’ was not created until the nineteenth century. In the middle ages, the words ‘sodomy’ and ‘sodomite’ were referred to as the term ‘homosexuality’ used in the modern society.
In the society of the ancient Greece and Rome, love affairs (sodomy)between erastes (the senior) and eromenes (the junior) were taken for granted. The junior respected the senior with full experience, wisdom,and leadership and the senior praised the junior equipped with power,patience, masculine beauty, and talent. The roles between them were divided into two parts. The senior should play an active role in the love affairs and the junior a passive role. This approved relationship between them had to be strongly kept.
In the West of the middle ages, there were three groups which indulged in homosexuality: the young aristocracy, the monks, and the university students. It was Thomas Aquinas, Dante,Boccaccio, and Chaucer who severely rebuked homosexuality in the middle ages. They followed St. Paul and St. Augustinus’doctrine: Homosexuality commits a sin against the laws of nature.
From the twelfth century the antipathy against homosexuality aroused highly due to such three factors as follows: the abomination to the Islamic which was derived from the Crusade War, the more powerfully-regulated moral protocols by the Western Church, and the Puritanic moralism which could be traced back to the mendicant orders. | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2013.23.2.159 | kci_detailed_000255.xml | ||
ART001772110 | oai_dc | 조지 허버트의 기도 혹은 기도하는 사람 | George Herbert’s “Prayer” or “The Prayer” | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
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"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"백정국(숭실대학교)"
] | This essay problematizes the conventional reading of George Herbert’s “Prayer (I)” as an extraordinary poetic enterprise of demonstrating the inadequacy of metaphoric language for a clear definition of prayer. Inspired by some of the recent scholarly focuses on the experiential and performative aspect of the poem, I argue that “Prayer (I)” is not so much a premeditated failure of metaphorizing prayer for any aesthetic or religious reason as an untrammeled spiritual footprint of which contour and depth can best be traced and fathomed no other than by those who pray. For this purpose, I reexamine the linguistic and poetic structure of the poem, foregrounding “the Church’s banquet,” the unmistakable imagery of the Eucharist, as an anchoring metaphor. And I explore how closely all those apparently obscure and slippery images are stitched together in terms of thematic consistency. “Prayer (I)” is no doubt a sumptuous banquet of metaphors; yet they are not something imagined to crystalize the definitional essence of prayer. Rather they are there as spiritual hieroglyphics of diverse associations triggered by the act of praying, an implication that the understanding of “Prayer (I)” is predicated predominantly upon unique Christian experiences. | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2013.23.1.69 | kci_detailed_000255.xml | ||
ART001772089 | oai_dc | Barry Jackson’s Modern Dress Experiment: The Myth of ‘Shakespeare Our Contemporary’ | Barry Jackson’s Modern Dress Experiment: The Myth of ‘Shakespeare Our Contemporary’ | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"임이연(영남대학교)"
] | This essay examines Barry Jackson’s modern dress experiments, questioning the validity of the idea of “Shakespeare Our Contemporary” and re-considering the meaning of Shakespeare’a universality. For this purpose, the paper focuses on Jackson’s two modern dress experiments, Hamlet (1925) and Macbeth (1928). As a successful translation of Shakespeare’s classics into the modern world, Jackson’s Hamlet is often taken to be a proof of Shakespeare’s universality. However, a close examination reveals the production full of anachronism. Furthermore, Shakespeare’s universality is the result not so much of his contemporaneity but as of his vagueness and anachronism. The varying degree of success of Jackson’s Hamlet and Macbeth exposes the idea of Shakespeare our contemporary as a myth, pointing that his universality may be nothing but our willingness to experience Shakespeare “out of joint.” | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2013.23.1.23 | kci_detailed_000255.xml | ||
ART001772099 | oai_dc | 르네상스 영국의 종교적 자유의 전통: 존 던과 존 밀턴 비교연구 | Traditions of Religious Liberty in Renaissance England: A Comparison of Donne and Milton | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"최재헌(경북대학교)"
] | The Renaissance England between late 16th century and 17th century was an era where politics and religion were interweaved intricately. Amidst this complex environment, two different traditions of religious liberty arose: the negative liberty and the positive liberty. Literary works of Donne and Milton demonstrate and reflect the two different traditions of religious liberty in an elaborated manner. Donne's perspective of negative liberty, namely liberal toleration, emerges most fully in his 1610 treatise Pseudo-Martyr. The aim of the work is to encourage Roman Catholics in England to take the Oath of Allegiance to the English king. In Donne's “Satire 3”, we can observe how he dramatizes the conflict between the individual conscience and civil law, raising the question of a state religion's influence on the individual conscience. For Milton, the subject of religious liberty is what he had been concerned over his entire career. His first prose tracts criticize the religious conformity imposed by the bishops, and his last prose tract, Of True Religion, argues for the relaxation of laws that limited the right to worship of nonconforming Protestant sects. Milton wrote five antiprelatical pamphlets which criticized the English church’s power and structure in a period when England was going through the first major clash over bishops and liturgy. Thus Milton has been noted as an advocate of positive liberty, liberty of conscience, who asserted that religious beliefs should be allowed to be presented regardless of its form of presentation. However, it should be also marked that did not extend religious freedom to Popery, and his concept of religious liberty was limited to the freedom of the press and toleration of Protestant. The delicate complexities of religious liberty are subjects of debate in the contemporary societies as they had been in the Renaissance England, and the contrasting literature of Donne and Milton upon liberty provide us valuable insights into this intricate matter. | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2013.23.1.41 | kci_detailed_000255.xml | ||
ART001772114 | oai_dc | Satanic and Sinful Narration in Paradise Regained | Satanic and Sinful Narration in Paradise Regained | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
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"issue": null
} | [
"김혜연(충북대학교)"
] | The purpose of this paper is to reveal that the whole narration in Paradise Regained is triggered by Satanic desire to invent a new story. This epic opens to end all things, and the narrator declares that there would be no change and development of the story. Jesus is already chosen to be a great redeemer even before he is tested in the desert, and Satan's defeat is involved in the redemptive history with God's eternal plan. Thus, "anti-narrativity" actually affects the whole narration of this epic, and the "narrativity" becomes Satanic and sinful. Satan tries to make a new story through the slight change in his description of Baptism. His main target is to assault Jesus' chosen identity as the Christ and postpone the Christ's involvement in Godhead. His constant descriptions of Baptism provide new stories different from the original, and nullify the significance of the great event. Satan's narrative is identical to committing idolatry, because it makes the decree of God or significance of holy event to be forgotten. In Satan's final defeat, however, it is proved that no new story has been developed, and everything has been returned to the opening End. | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2013.23.1.119 | kci_detailed_000255.xml | ||
ART001772121 | oai_dc | 드라이든의 영국 국교주의와 정치:『평신도의 신앙』 | Dryden's Anglicanism and Politics: Religio Laici | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"김옥수(제주대학교)"
] | This essay is designed to view Dryden's Anglicanism and politics in Religio Laici. The poem's immediate occasion was the translation into English of a theological book by Richard Simon. Simon had demonstrated the corruption of the texts of the Bible and argued for the authority of Church traditions on controversial questions of scriptural interpretation. Dryden depicts himself as a layman. The position that he wants to occupy is the midway between extremes. He wants to find the middle way between the Catholics and the Protestants. Using this posture, he chronologically pays attention to religious matters, such as whether we need a religion, and which religion is the best. He first questions the teachings of the Deists who believed that knowledge of God could be attained by the exercise of reason, and concludes that we need a religion because we cannot understand God only by recourse to reason. Next, he questions the teachings of the Roman Catholics who rely on the authority of tradition and priestly say-so, and regards them as excessive. Thirdly, he takes into account the Protestants who claims that they could interpret the Bible as they wish and count on the inner light, and concludes that they are dangerous. Dryden then argues for the necessity of a religious stance in which the readings of Scripture, respect for Church tradition and the exercise of reason are all allowed to play no more or less than their proper part. This ideal religious stance is the middle way Dryden tries to find and can be best achieved within the Church of England. In other words, the Church of England is regarded as the ideal religion. When he suggests that common quiet is the most important, however, Dryden's via media also means the political middle ground. Where the king stood was the middle ground. Charles II advocated a policy of public conformity to the Church of England and religious toleration while insisting on the primacy of political order. In this context, Dryden's Religio Laici seems to reflect the king's religious and political position and aim to advocate a measure of public conformity to Anglicanism and religious toleration while insisting on the primacy of political order like the king. | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2013.23.1.139 | kci_detailed_000255.xml | ||
ART001772111 | oai_dc | The Triad of Mysticism in Crashaw’s Poetry | The Triad of Mysticism in Crashaw’s Poetry | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"이병은(한성대학교)"
] | This paper begins with the argument that Richard Crashaw’s mysticism can be traced even in the dearth of biographical information. Crashaw’s early family life, his residency at Little Gidding, his conversion to Catholicism, and his grasping of Saint Teresa as personal saint follow definite patterns of mystical lineage that shall be shown as apparent in his works. The mysticism of Crashaw, then, is logical progression of his psychology, and its true form is apparent in the employing of certain motifs seen manifest in many of his works dealing with concepts far from the topic of Saint Teresa. This paper, then, argues that Crashaw uses three main qualities, the female motif, the martyrdom or life-in-death motif, and the motif of weeping or tears, for his poetry. These are far from being unique when used singularly. No other poet, however, had ever combined the three diverse elements and formed such a perverse but original equation. The Crashavian triad-concept was entirely unique as any singular portion of the three, when employed without the accompaniment of the remaining two, must be seen as it shall relate subconsciously to the remaining motifs. Crashaw embraced Saint Teresa only as the embodiment of his feministic attitudes and as the exemplification of his particular designs towards martyrdom. He disregarded Teresa’s supposed mysticism as he did not require it. He accepted her spirit only as it fit within his individual triadic system to the exclusion of any of her more supernatural alignments. Crashaw’s mysticism springs from his subconscious self and is the setting of his three main motifs into a circumlocution of ideas appearing unclearly within the primary plane of the poem’s implied thought. | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2013.23.1.91 | kci_detailed_000255.xml | ||
ART001772113 | oai_dc | Fashioning Eve: Prescribing Femininity in Paradise Lost | Fashioning Eve: Prescribing Femininity in Paradise Lost | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"선우진(서울신학대학교)"
] | This study on the issue of gender-role in Milton's Paradise Lost involves the ageless debate on the nature and proper role of women. Just as gender oriented criticism has brought the issue of feminity to our attention in our own age, the issues of proper gender-role was debated with comparable vigor during the Early Modern period. And, as I hope to show in the following, Milton's Paradise Lost, particularly with its depiction of Eve, also partakes of this debate. In the poem, a pre-lapsarian Eve is initially portrayed as an inquisitive and intelligent individual who exhibits a strong and independent personality. As such, Eve is indicative of a women who would not submit to patriarchal authority but instead raises questions about the patriarchal hierarchial and in effect subverting it to a degree. In the latter part of the poem, particularly during the reconciliation scene of Book 10, however, the post-lapsarian Eve displays yet another side of her that is contradictory to her earlier individualistic self, something that amounts to a model of feminine obedience. And, as I hope to show in the following, this contrasting image of an individualistic Eve who is associated with the Fall and then the later image of a penitent and obedient Eve being juxtaposed with the story of reconciliation and redemption suggests that Milton in Paradise Lost is attempting to fashion Eve in the image of an ideal feminine, prescribing qualities above all of obedience, passivity and deference in a woman, a model to which women were taught to emulate during the period. | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2013.23.1.105 | kci_detailed_000255.xml | ||
ART001772083 | oai_dc | 컬리도어와 컬리파인: 선녀여왕 6권에 나타난 스펜서의 세계관 | Calidore and Calipine: Spenser's World View in The Faerie Queene, Book 6 | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"임성균(숙명여자대학교)"
] | Edmund Spenser's The Faerie Queene, Book six deals, as we may clearly see in its subtitle "The Legend of S. Calidore or of Courtesie," with courtesy, a virtue generally manifested in how one properly reacts against others and particular circumstances. Courtesy may be defined as a display of one's good will and manners to others. When we passively take this virtue as a display, however, we may fail to understand the true meaning of Spenser's work, for the text forces us to accept the virtue of courtesy as an aggressive attitude towards the world. Courtesy, for Spenser, means a certain world view, with which a young Christian must fight against the evil, slanderous, and detractive forces in the world and crush them.
This paper is to examine and analyse Spenser's courtesy and its limitations in the work through the actions of Calidore and Calipine, the two major knights of the work, so as to understand its possibilities in our own time. As both knights are endeavoring to accomplish courtesy in themselves and in the society they belong to, they do not see the fact that their real enemies are in their own minds and attitudes. Spenser tries to show that courtesy is an important virtue, which can transform the world into a better place to live. Yet the work as a whole does not seem to support that, to Spenser's disappointment, courtesy may prevail over the evils in his world, and ours as well. | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2013.23.1.1 | kci_detailed_000255.xml | ||
ART001664777 | oai_dc | Preaching to Adam: Reflections on Milton’s Vocation as a ‘Poet-Priest’ in Book 11 and 12 of Paradise Lost | Preaching to Adam: Reflections on Milton’s Vocation as a ‘Poet-Priest’ in Book 11 and 12 of Paradise Lost | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"선우진(서울신학대학교)"
] | While Milton's decision to become a poet-priest rather than an ordained minister is commonly regarded as an expression of Milton's preference for a poetic vocation over that of a ministerial vocation within the Anglican Church, it is the view of this paper that what Milton is actually does is transforms and expands the traditional role of a poet to include the ministerial function, thereby bringing poetry and preaching together. The result of such an expanded view of poetry espoused by Milton, besides elevating the layman as equal to that of the priest in matters of faith, is that it led to a corresponding expansion of the possibilities in the area of religious poetry. Certain subject matters, such as sermons and biblical exegesis, previously deemed unsuitable for the laity, can now be broached openly with equal justification. A good case in point is the angelic discourses in Milton's Paradise Lost where the poet appropriates the voice of the angel Michael in order to teach and correct in book 11 and 12. Considering that a "sermon intends Exhortation principally and Edification and a holy stirring of religious affections" (Donne VIII 3.10-11), it is possible to read the voice of Michael as an attempt to teach (or edify) the fallen about God's mercies as following the sermonic format for sermonic ends, which is to exhort the fallen to correct their wrong. And, such an effort to teach and exhort through poetry may be at the heart of Milton's vocation as a poet-priest.
| 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2012.22.1.169 | kci_detailed_000255.xml | ||
ART001664401 | oai_dc | 전자 도서관의 대두와 초기근대 영문학 연구방법론에 대한 소고 | Early Modern Digital Archivology: A Critical Introduction to Research Methodology | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"김재철(연세대학교)"
] | It is a widely accepted notion that digital archives such as EEBO and ECCO have changed the depth and condition of early modern literary studies. Yet these digital archives have seldom been an object of serious critical scrutiny. The primary purpose of this essay is to discuss these digital archives and archivology in critical and theoretical contexts. If these online archives are revolutionary inventions, how we should take the ideological and practical features along with the merits and demerits of these ongoing innovations form a crucial debate in this project. Nonetheless, the present essay’s scope is not limited to theoretical and speculative discussions; rather, it examines the digital archives from the Korean research condition, and discusses possible forms and ideas for their proper reception in Korea. This essay also provides an annotated list of online archives useful for early modern literary studies. | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2012.22.1.1 | kci_detailed_000255.xml | ||
ART001664776 | oai_dc | 『실낙원』과 『멕베스』에 나타난 선과 악의 대립적 이중구조 연구 | A Study of Good and Evil Imagery in Paradise Lost and Macbeth | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"노이균(우송정보대학)"
] | According to Tillyard and Bradley structure plays an important role in the literary works. Structure is a concept including both content and form so far as they are organized for an aesthetic purpose. The work of art is, then, considered as a whole system of signs, or structure of signs, serving a specific aesthetic purpose.
To achieve an aesthetic purpose in his work Paradise Lost, Milton uses such conflicting dual structure as good and evil imagery. Satan stands in the middle of evil imagery and so does man in the middle of good imagery. Via his work he tries to announce the fact to the public that good becomes evil, and vice versa and good is always apt to be exposed to evil. He uses figures such as Satan and man for an aesthetic purpose. In Paradise Lost evil imagery denotes death, sin, and passion and good imagery indicates life, virtue, and reason. Milton puts an emphasis on the power of Christ and Protestant humanism to retrieve reason from irrational passion which is prevailing all over the human history.
Shakespeare also accelerates the dramatic effect in Macbeth by using such opposing dual structure as good and evil imagery. Darkness resides in the middle of evil imagery and so does brightness in the middle of good imagery. Shakespeare is more metaphysical than Milton in dealing with good and evil imagery because he breaks this conflicting dual structure into blood and milk. In the drama Macbeth evil imagery including darkness and blood signifies death, sin, and ambition which is considered as passion and good imagery comprising brightness and milk tells us life, virtue, and conscience which is equivalent to reason. | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2012.22.1.153 | kci_detailed_000255.xml | ||
ART001664774 | oai_dc | 자살의 광기와 정치적 욕망: 존 던의 『자살론』 읽기 | Madness of Suicide and Political Desire: John Donne’s Biathanatos | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"이정영(경북대학교)"
] | This paper aims to analyze John Donne’s Biathanatos, which has paradoxical and ambivalent elements in the light of contemporary context. In the first place, this prose can be read as revealing madness of Death. During the Renaissance, madness was regarded as connected with God and evil. According to Roy Porter, people believed that they could meet God through good madness and people who were obsessed with bad madness committed suicide. This suggests that Donne’s Biathanatos is an effusion of madness. Donne believed that he could meet God by accomplishing death. Thus he considers suicide as a good way to overcome the fear of death. Donne refutes the traditional idea that suicide is sin for God and Nature. He explains that committing suicide is not so evil because things that we call sin and evil have been done by God. Donne also insists that Christ committed suicide himself, which might seem to be blasphemous at that time. Subversive elements of Biathanatos show the reason why this book was published after his death.
Secondly, Biathanatos can be also read as implicating Donne’s political desire. Donne betrays his Faith and becomes an apostate to succeed in life. Donne takes martyrdom as an important theme in Biathanatos. He expresses doubt about the real intention of Catholic martyrs regarding martyrdom as personal madness. Then, in order to flatter James I, Donne writes Pseudo-Martyr, which forces English Catholics to take the Oath of Allegiance to James I. As Arthur Marotti observed, Donne tried to present himself as what he attempted to show. Thus Donne officially adopts a public persona as preacher and Dean while he suppresses his own madness because of his restless desire for worldly success. Consequently this makes Biathanatos ambivalent and paradoxical. | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2012.22.1.113 | kci_detailed_000255.xml | ||
ART001664770 | oai_dc | "제왕에서 교만함으로": 뮤터빌리티와 사탄 | "With Monarchical Pride": Mutabilitie and Satan | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"임성균(숙명여자대학교)"
] | This paper is to explore the possibility that Spenser’s Mutabilitie provides Milton with a model for his Satan. As a manifestation of pride and classical heroism, Milton’s Satan in Paradise Lost shares certain significant features with Spenser’s Mutabilitie in The Faerie Queene. Close examination of Mutabilitie’s personality and her action may enable us to conjecture that she might be, at least an important part of, Satan’s prototype. Not only in her ambition and audacity in obtaining what she desires, but also in her conviction that Jove, the king of gods, is not necessarily above herself, may we find the essence of Milton’s Satan in a different shape and context. They both are proud, ambitious, self-righteous, and deeply assured of their native right. Mutabilitie’s rise and fall yield striking similarities to those of Satan. Like Satan, she is self-contradictory. While presenting evidences that the entire universe moves within the principle of mutability, she neglects that she, too, is a part of that change. Satan shares her self-serving attitude towards the absolute and permanence. Thus, the more they strive for dominance, the faster do they approach their own doom, for they are ultimately part of the far greater providence ordained either by God or Nature. | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2012.22.1.21 | kci_detailed_000255.xml | ||
ART001664775 | oai_dc | Lycidas and the Theory of Pastoral Poetry | Lycidas and the Theory of Pastoral Poetry | {
"journal_name": "한국고전중세르네상스영문학회",
"publisher": null,
"pub_year": null,
"pub_month": null,
"volume": null,
"issue": null
} | [
"이병은(한성대학교)"
] | The purpose of this paper is to discuss various theories of the pastoral as they have evolved and been described in the critical works of their time and to relate Lycidas to those theories. Even though this is not an exhaustive study, examples of commentaries will be discussed from the Roman period, the early Italian Renaissance, the late Italian Renaissance, and the Elizabethan period: Maurus Servius Honoratus, Scholia Bernensia, Petrarch, Boccaccio, Badius Ascensius, Marco Girolamo Vida, Antonio Sebastiano Minturno, Giason Denores, Giovanni Battista Guarini, Giulio Cesare Scalige, Philip Sidney, Edmund Spenser, William Webbe, and George Puttenham. Then, Lycidas will be related to the theories of the pastoral that have been presented. With more theoretical information, more accurate analyses of the artistic pieces related to the theory can be made, and thus the tradition can be elaborated more fully. | 영어와문학 | null | http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/jmemes.2012.22.1.135 | kci_detailed_000255.xml |
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