id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 442
values | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 270 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
56fa3006f34c681400b0bff8 | Wood | In ring-porous woods of good growth it is usually the latewood in which the thick-walled, strength-giving fibers are most abundant. As the breadth of ring diminishes, this latewood is reduced so that very slow growth produces comparatively light, porous wood composed of thin-walled vessels and wood parenchyma. In good ... | When there is less latewood, what is diminishing? | {
"answer_start": [
139
],
"text": [
"breadth of ring"
]
} |
56fa3006f34c681400b0bff9 | Wood | In ring-porous woods of good growth it is usually the latewood in which the thick-walled, strength-giving fibers are most abundant. As the breadth of ring diminishes, this latewood is reduced so that very slow growth produces comparatively light, porous wood composed of thin-walled vessels and wood parenchyma. In good ... | Does slow or rapid growth make relatively porous, light wood? | {
"answer_start": [
205
],
"text": [
"slow"
]
} |
56fa3006f34c681400b0bffa | Wood | In ring-porous woods of good growth it is usually the latewood in which the thick-walled, strength-giving fibers are most abundant. As the breadth of ring diminishes, this latewood is reduced so that very slow growth produces comparatively light, porous wood composed of thin-walled vessels and wood parenchyma. In good ... | What kind of oak has just 6-10% volume of large vessels in the log? | {
"answer_start": [
315
],
"text": [
"good"
]
} |
56fa3006f34c681400b0bffb | Wood | In ring-porous woods of good growth it is usually the latewood in which the thick-walled, strength-giving fibers are most abundant. As the breadth of ring diminishes, this latewood is reduced so that very slow growth produces comparatively light, porous wood composed of thin-walled vessels and wood parenchyma. In good ... | What kind of fibers are in the latewood of good oak, making it very firm? | {
"answer_start": [
546
],
"text": [
"thick-walled"
]
} |
56fa317bf34c681400b0c001 | Wood | Wide-ringed wood is often called "second-growth", because the growth of the young timber in open stands after the old trees have been removed is more rapid than in trees in a closed forest, and in the manufacture of articles where strength is an important consideration such "second-growth" hardwood material is preferre... | What term is sometimes used for wood with wide rings? | {
"answer_start": [
34
],
"text": [
"second-growth"
]
} |
56fa317bf34c681400b0c002 | Wood | Wide-ringed wood is often called "second-growth", because the growth of the young timber in open stands after the old trees have been removed is more rapid than in trees in a closed forest, and in the manufacture of articles where strength is an important consideration such "second-growth" hardwood material is preferre... | Do young trees grow more quickly in open stands or in a closed forest? | {
"answer_start": [
92
],
"text": [
"open stands"
]
} |
56fa317bf34c681400b0c003 | Wood | Wide-ringed wood is often called "second-growth", because the growth of the young timber in open stands after the old trees have been removed is more rapid than in trees in a closed forest, and in the manufacture of articles where strength is an important consideration such "second-growth" hardwood material is preferre... | What property is important to manufacturers who use "second-growth" hardwood? | {
"answer_start": [
231
],
"text": [
"strength"
]
} |
56fa317bf34c681400b0c004 | Wood | Wide-ringed wood is often called "second-growth", because the growth of the young timber in open stands after the old trees have been removed is more rapid than in trees in a closed forest, and in the manufacture of articles where strength is an important consideration such "second-growth" hardwood material is preferre... | What specific kind of "second-growth" hardwood is often used to make handles and spokes? | {
"answer_start": [
370
],
"text": [
"hickory"
]
} |
56fa317bf34c681400b0c005 | Wood | Wide-ringed wood is often called "second-growth", because the growth of the young timber in open stands after the old trees have been removed is more rapid than in trees in a closed forest, and in the manufacture of articles where strength is an important consideration such "second-growth" hardwood material is preferre... | What organization tested hickory to find out about its properties? | {
"answer_start": [
521
],
"text": [
"U.S. Forest Service"
]
} |
56fa33388f12f319006300ed | Wood | In the diffuse-porous woods, the demarcation between rings is not always so clear and in some cases is almost (if not entirely) invisible to the unaided eye. Conversely, when there is a clear demarcation there may not be a noticeable difference in structure within the growth ring. | What kind of wood often has ring divisions that can't even be seen by looking at it? | {
"answer_start": [
7
],
"text": [
"diffuse-porous"
]
} |
56fa33388f12f319006300ee | Wood | In the diffuse-porous woods, the demarcation between rings is not always so clear and in some cases is almost (if not entirely) invisible to the unaided eye. Conversely, when there is a clear demarcation there may not be a noticeable difference in structure within the growth ring. | In diffuse-porous woods, if the demarcation between rings is obvious, what type of difference within the ring might not be? | {
"answer_start": [
248
],
"text": [
"structure"
]
} |
56fa33388f12f319006300ef | Wood | In the diffuse-porous woods, the demarcation between rings is not always so clear and in some cases is almost (if not entirely) invisible to the unaided eye. Conversely, when there is a clear demarcation there may not be a noticeable difference in structure within the growth ring. | What adjective describes how our eyes function without a tool like a microscope to help? | {
"answer_start": [
145
],
"text": [
"unaided"
]
} |
56fa351cf34c681400b0c00b | Wood | In diffuse-porous woods, as has been stated, the vessels or pores are even-sized, so that the water conducting capability is scattered throughout the ring instead of collected in the earlywood. The effect of rate of growth is, therefore, not the same as in the ring-porous woods, approaching more nearly the conditions i... | What kind of wood has all similarly sized vessels? | {
"answer_start": [
3
],
"text": [
"diffuse-porous"
]
} |
56fa351cf34c681400b0c00c | Wood | In diffuse-porous woods, as has been stated, the vessels or pores are even-sized, so that the water conducting capability is scattered throughout the ring instead of collected in the earlywood. The effect of rate of growth is, therefore, not the same as in the ring-porous woods, approaching more nearly the conditions i... | What rate of growth in a tree will make the wood from it stronger than trees that grow very slowly or very quickly? | {
"answer_start": [
383
],
"text": [
"medium"
]
} |
56fa351cf34c681400b0c00d | Wood | In diffuse-porous woods, as has been stated, the vessels or pores are even-sized, so that the water conducting capability is scattered throughout the ring instead of collected in the earlywood. The effect of rate of growth is, therefore, not the same as in the ring-porous woods, approaching more nearly the conditions i... | The capability of diffuse-porous woods to carry what substance is spread out in the growth ring? | {
"answer_start": [
94
],
"text": [
"water"
]
} |
56fa351cf34c681400b0c00e | Wood | In diffuse-porous woods, as has been stated, the vessels or pores are even-sized, so that the water conducting capability is scattered throughout the ring instead of collected in the earlywood. The effect of rate of growth is, therefore, not the same as in the ring-porous woods, approaching more nearly the conditions i... | What division of trees are diffuse-porous woods more similar in growth rate to than ring-porous woods? | {
"answer_start": [
326
],
"text": [
"conifers"
]
} |
56fa351cf34c681400b0c00f | Wood | In diffuse-porous woods, as has been stated, the vessels or pores are even-sized, so that the water conducting capability is scattered throughout the ring instead of collected in the earlywood. The effect of rate of growth is, therefore, not the same as in the ring-porous woods, approaching more nearly the conditions i... | Does uniformity of the texture and grain of wood usually result from much or little contrast between earlywood and latewood? | {
"answer_start": [
700
],
"text": [
"little"
]
} |
56fa37baf34c681400b0c015 | Wood | Structural material that resembles ordinary, "dicot" or conifer wood in its gross handling characteristics is produced by a number of monocot plants, and these also are colloquially called wood. Of these, bamboo, botanically a member of the grass family, has considerable economic importance, larger culms being widely u... | What's another term used for "conifer" wood? | {
"answer_start": [
46
],
"text": [
"dicot"
]
} |
56fa37baf34c681400b0c016 | Wood | Structural material that resembles ordinary, "dicot" or conifer wood in its gross handling characteristics is produced by a number of monocot plants, and these also are colloquially called wood. Of these, bamboo, botanically a member of the grass family, has considerable economic importance, larger culms being widely u... | What type of plants produce material that is referred to as "wood" even though it is technically not? | {
"answer_start": [
134
],
"text": [
"monocot"
]
} |
56fa37baf34c681400b0c017 | Wood | Structural material that resembles ordinary, "dicot" or conifer wood in its gross handling characteristics is produced by a number of monocot plants, and these also are colloquially called wood. Of these, bamboo, botanically a member of the grass family, has considerable economic importance, larger culms being widely u... | What monocot plant produces "wood" by the same name that's often used for flooring and veneer? | {
"answer_start": [
205
],
"text": [
"bamboo"
]
} |
56fa37baf34c681400b0c018 | Wood | Structural material that resembles ordinary, "dicot" or conifer wood in its gross handling characteristics is produced by a number of monocot plants, and these also are colloquially called wood. Of these, bamboo, botanically a member of the grass family, has considerable economic importance, larger culms being widely u... | While we call bamboo "wood," what botanical family does it belong to? | {
"answer_start": [
241
],
"text": [
"grass"
]
} |
56fa37baf34c681400b0c019 | Wood | Structural material that resembles ordinary, "dicot" or conifer wood in its gross handling characteristics is produced by a number of monocot plants, and these also are colloquially called wood. Of these, bamboo, botanically a member of the grass family, has considerable economic importance, larger culms being widely u... | Along with bamboo, what's the other monocot that's a major source of so-called "wood"? | {
"answer_start": [
544
],
"text": [
"palms"
]
} |
56fa3a3b8f12f319006300f3 | Wood | The single most revealing property of wood as an indicator of wood quality is specific gravity (Timell 1986), as both pulp yield and lumber strength are determined by it. Specific gravity is the ratio of the mass of a substance to the mass of an equal volume of water; density is the ratio of a mass of a quantity of a s... | Which property of wood reveals the most about its quality? | {
"answer_start": [
78
],
"text": [
"specific gravity"
]
} |
56fa3a3b8f12f319006300f4 | Wood | The single most revealing property of wood as an indicator of wood quality is specific gravity (Timell 1986), as both pulp yield and lumber strength are determined by it. Specific gravity is the ratio of the mass of a substance to the mass of an equal volume of water; density is the ratio of a mass of a quantity of a s... | In addition to lumber strength, what important indicator of wood's quality can be determined using specific gravity? | {
"answer_start": [
118
],
"text": [
"pulp yield"
]
} |
56fa3a3b8f12f319006300f5 | Wood | The single most revealing property of wood as an indicator of wood quality is specific gravity (Timell 1986), as both pulp yield and lumber strength are determined by it. Specific gravity is the ratio of the mass of a substance to the mass of an equal volume of water; density is the ratio of a mass of a quantity of a s... | What measurement is expressed in mass per unit substance? | {
"answer_start": [
269
],
"text": [
"density"
]
} |
56fa3a3b8f12f319006300f6 | Wood | The single most revealing property of wood as an indicator of wood quality is specific gravity (Timell 1986), as both pulp yield and lumber strength are determined by it. Specific gravity is the ratio of the mass of a substance to the mass of an equal volume of water; density is the ratio of a mass of a quantity of a s... | When wood dries and shrinks, what happens to its density? | {
"answer_start": [
566
],
"text": [
"increases"
]
} |
56fa3a3b8f12f319006300f7 | Wood | The single most revealing property of wood as an indicator of wood quality is specific gravity (Timell 1986), as both pulp yield and lumber strength are determined by it. Specific gravity is the ratio of the mass of a substance to the mass of an equal volume of water; density is the ratio of a mass of a quantity of a s... | When wood is described as "green," what does "green" mean? | {
"answer_start": [
619
],
"text": [
"water-saturated"
]
} |
56fa3b59f34c681400b0c01f | Wood | Wood density is determined by multiple growth and physiological factors compounded into “one fairly easily measured wood characteristic” (Elliott 1970). | Along with growth, what kind of factors determine the density of wood? | {
"answer_start": [
50
],
"text": [
"physiological"
]
} |
56fa3b59f34c681400b0c020 | Wood | Wood density is determined by multiple growth and physiological factors compounded into “one fairly easily measured wood characteristic” (Elliott 1970). | Into how many characteristics are the factors of wood combined? | {
"answer_start": [
89
],
"text": [
"one"
]
} |
56fa3b59f34c681400b0c021 | Wood | Wood density is determined by multiple growth and physiological factors compounded into “one fairly easily measured wood characteristic” (Elliott 1970). | What author called wood's density "fairly easily measured"? | {
"answer_start": [
138
],
"text": [
"Elliott"
]
} |
56fa3d788f12f319006300fd | Wood | Age, diameter, height, radial growth, geographical location, site and growing conditions, silvicultural treatment, and seed source, all to some degree influence wood density. Variation is to be expected. Within an individual tree, the variation in wood density is often as great as or even greater than that between diff... | What should be anticipated because of the many factors that influence wood's density? | {
"answer_start": [
175
],
"text": [
"Variation"
]
} |
56fa3d788f12f319006300fe | Wood | Age, diameter, height, radial growth, geographical location, site and growing conditions, silvicultural treatment, and seed source, all to some degree influence wood density. Variation is to be expected. Within an individual tree, the variation in wood density is often as great as or even greater than that between diff... | What specific type of growth has an effect on the density of wood? | {
"answer_start": [
23
],
"text": [
"radial"
]
} |
56fa3d788f12f319006300ff | Wood | Age, diameter, height, radial growth, geographical location, site and growing conditions, silvicultural treatment, and seed source, all to some degree influence wood density. Variation is to be expected. Within an individual tree, the variation in wood density is often as great as or even greater than that between diff... | Which part of a tree can have vertical or horizontal variation in its specific gravity? | {
"answer_start": [
388
],
"text": [
"bole"
]
} |
56fa3d788f12f31900630100 | Wood | Age, diameter, height, radial growth, geographical location, site and growing conditions, silvicultural treatment, and seed source, all to some degree influence wood density. Variation is to be expected. Within an individual tree, the variation in wood density is often as great as or even greater than that between diff... | Variation in what measurement is sometimes greater within one tree than from one tree to another? | {
"answer_start": [
253
],
"text": [
"density"
]
} |
56fa3d788f12f31900630101 | Wood | Age, diameter, height, radial growth, geographical location, site and growing conditions, silvicultural treatment, and seed source, all to some degree influence wood density. Variation is to be expected. Within an individual tree, the variation in wood density is often as great as or even greater than that between diff... | What tiny object's source plays a role in determining wood density? | {
"answer_start": [
119
],
"text": [
"seed"
]
} |
56fa3ec18f12f31900630107 | Wood | It is common to classify wood as either softwood or hardwood. The wood from conifers (e.g. pine) is called softwood, and the wood from dicotyledons (usually broad-leaved trees, e.g. oak) is called hardwood. These names are a bit misleading, as hardwoods are not necessarily hard, and softwoods are not necessarily soft. ... | What term do we use for the wood that comes from pine trees? | {
"answer_start": [
107
],
"text": [
"softwood"
]
} |
56fa3ec18f12f31900630108 | Wood | It is common to classify wood as either softwood or hardwood. The wood from conifers (e.g. pine) is called softwood, and the wood from dicotyledons (usually broad-leaved trees, e.g. oak) is called hardwood. These names are a bit misleading, as hardwoods are not necessarily hard, and softwoods are not necessarily soft. ... | What kind of wood does an oak tree have? | {
"answer_start": [
197
],
"text": [
"hardwood"
]
} |
56fa3ec18f12f31900630109 | Wood | It is common to classify wood as either softwood or hardwood. The wood from conifers (e.g. pine) is called softwood, and the wood from dicotyledons (usually broad-leaved trees, e.g. oak) is called hardwood. These names are a bit misleading, as hardwoods are not necessarily hard, and softwoods are not necessarily soft. ... | Is balsa a softwood or a hardwood? | {
"answer_start": [
344
],
"text": [
"hardwood"
]
} |
56fa3ec18f12f3190063010a | Wood | It is common to classify wood as either softwood or hardwood. The wood from conifers (e.g. pine) is called softwood, and the wood from dicotyledons (usually broad-leaved trees, e.g. oak) is called hardwood. These names are a bit misleading, as hardwoods are not necessarily hard, and softwoods are not necessarily soft. ... | What's an example of a softwood that isn't "soft," and is actually harder than a lot of hardwoods? | {
"answer_start": [
436
],
"text": [
"yew"
]
} |
56fa3ec18f12f3190063010b | Wood | It is common to classify wood as either softwood or hardwood. The wood from conifers (e.g. pine) is called softwood, and the wood from dicotyledons (usually broad-leaved trees, e.g. oak) is called hardwood. These names are a bit misleading, as hardwoods are not necessarily hard, and softwoods are not necessarily soft. ... | What's the scientific name for trees like the oak with broad leaves? | {
"answer_start": [
135
],
"text": [
"dicotyledons"
]
} |
56fa3f74f34c681400b0c025 | Wood | There is a strong relationship between the properties of wood and the properties of the particular tree that yielded it. The density of wood varies with species. The density of a wood correlates with its strength (mechanical properties). For example, mahogany is a medium-dense hardwood that is excellent for fine furnit... | What kind of relationship exists between a tree's properties and its wood's properties? | {
"answer_start": [
11
],
"text": [
"strong"
]
} |
56fa3f74f34c681400b0c026 | Wood | There is a strong relationship between the properties of wood and the properties of the particular tree that yielded it. The density of wood varies with species. The density of a wood correlates with its strength (mechanical properties). For example, mahogany is a medium-dense hardwood that is excellent for fine furnit... | What property of wood varies according to species? | {
"answer_start": [
125
],
"text": [
"density"
]
} |
56fa3f74f34c681400b0c027 | Wood | There is a strong relationship between the properties of wood and the properties of the particular tree that yielded it. The density of wood varies with species. The density of a wood correlates with its strength (mechanical properties). For example, mahogany is a medium-dense hardwood that is excellent for fine furnit... | What property of wood has a correlation to its density? | {
"answer_start": [
204
],
"text": [
"strength"
]
} |
56fa3f74f34c681400b0c028 | Wood | There is a strong relationship between the properties of wood and the properties of the particular tree that yielded it. The density of wood varies with species. The density of a wood correlates with its strength (mechanical properties). For example, mahogany is a medium-dense hardwood that is excellent for fine furnit... | Is mahogany a hardwood or a softwood? | {
"answer_start": [
278
],
"text": [
"hardwood"
]
} |
56fa3f74f34c681400b0c029 | Wood | There is a strong relationship between the properties of wood and the properties of the particular tree that yielded it. The density of wood varies with species. The density of a wood correlates with its strength (mechanical properties). For example, mahogany is a medium-dense hardwood that is excellent for fine furnit... | What hobby is balsa wood often used for? | {
"answer_start": [
379
],
"text": [
"model building"
]
} |
56fa413bf34c681400b0c02f | Wood | The chemical composition of wood varies from species to species, but is approximately 50% carbon, 42% oxygen, 6% hydrogen, 1% nitrogen, and 1% other elements (mainly calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, iron, and manganese) by weight. Wood also contains sulfur, chlorine, silicon, phosphorus, and other elements in sma... | What approximate percentage of carbon does wood have? | {
"answer_start": [
86
],
"text": [
"50%"
]
} |
56fa413bf34c681400b0c030 | Wood | The chemical composition of wood varies from species to species, but is approximately 50% carbon, 42% oxygen, 6% hydrogen, 1% nitrogen, and 1% other elements (mainly calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, iron, and manganese) by weight. Wood also contains sulfur, chlorine, silicon, phosphorus, and other elements in sma... | What element makes up about 6% of the chemical composition of wood? | {
"answer_start": [
113
],
"text": [
"hydrogen"
]
} |
56fa413bf34c681400b0c031 | Wood | The chemical composition of wood varies from species to species, but is approximately 50% carbon, 42% oxygen, 6% hydrogen, 1% nitrogen, and 1% other elements (mainly calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, iron, and manganese) by weight. Wood also contains sulfur, chlorine, silicon, phosphorus, and other elements in sma... | About what percentage of wood is composed of nitrogen? | {
"answer_start": [
123
],
"text": [
"1%"
]
} |
56fa413bf34c681400b0c032 | Wood | The chemical composition of wood varies from species to species, but is approximately 50% carbon, 42% oxygen, 6% hydrogen, 1% nitrogen, and 1% other elements (mainly calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, iron, and manganese) by weight. Wood also contains sulfur, chlorine, silicon, phosphorus, and other elements in sma... | Which element in wood composes about 42% of its weight? | {
"answer_start": [
102
],
"text": [
"oxygen"
]
} |
56fa413bf34c681400b0c033 | Wood | The chemical composition of wood varies from species to species, but is approximately 50% carbon, 42% oxygen, 6% hydrogen, 1% nitrogen, and 1% other elements (mainly calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, iron, and manganese) by weight. Wood also contains sulfur, chlorine, silicon, phosphorus, and other elements in sma... | What element joins potassium, calcium, manganese, iron, and sodium to make a combined 1% of the chemical composition of wood? | {
"answer_start": [
194
],
"text": [
"magnesium"
]
} |
56fa4285f34c681400b0c039 | Wood | Aside from water, wood has three main components. Cellulose, a crystalline polymer derived from glucose, constitutes about 41–43%. Next in abundance is hemicellulose, which is around 20% in deciduous trees but near 30% in conifers. It is mainly five-carbon sugars that are linked in an irregular manner, in contrast to t... | How many main components make up wood, not counting water? | {
"answer_start": [
27
],
"text": [
"three"
]
} |
56fa4285f34c681400b0c03a | Wood | Aside from water, wood has three main components. Cellulose, a crystalline polymer derived from glucose, constitutes about 41–43%. Next in abundance is hemicellulose, which is around 20% in deciduous trees but near 30% in conifers. It is mainly five-carbon sugars that are linked in an irregular manner, in contrast to t... | What's the name for the crystalline polymer derived from glucose? | {
"answer_start": [
50
],
"text": [
"Cellulose"
]
} |
56fa4285f34c681400b0c03b | Wood | Aside from water, wood has three main components. Cellulose, a crystalline polymer derived from glucose, constitutes about 41–43%. Next in abundance is hemicellulose, which is around 20% in deciduous trees but near 30% in conifers. It is mainly five-carbon sugars that are linked in an irregular manner, in contrast to t... | After cellulose, what component is most plentiful in wood? | {
"answer_start": [
152
],
"text": [
"hemicellulose"
]
} |
56fa4285f34c681400b0c03c | Wood | Aside from water, wood has three main components. Cellulose, a crystalline polymer derived from glucose, constitutes about 41–43%. Next in abundance is hemicellulose, which is around 20% in deciduous trees but near 30% in conifers. It is mainly five-carbon sugars that are linked in an irregular manner, in contrast to t... | What kind of trees have about 30% hemicellulose? | {
"answer_start": [
222
],
"text": [
"conifers"
]
} |
56fa4285f34c681400b0c03d | Wood | Aside from water, wood has three main components. Cellulose, a crystalline polymer derived from glucose, constitutes about 41–43%. Next in abundance is hemicellulose, which is around 20% in deciduous trees but near 30% in conifers. It is mainly five-carbon sugars that are linked in an irregular manner, in contrast to t... | Which of the three main components of wood is used to manufacture paper? | {
"answer_start": [
716
],
"text": [
"cellulose"
]
} |
56fa43e9f34c681400b0c043 | Wood | In chemical terms, the difference between hardwood and softwood is reflected in the composition of the constituent lignin. Hardwood lignin is primarily derived from sinapyl alcohol and coniferyl alcohol. Softwood lignin is mainly derived from coniferyl alcohol. | What component of wood determines whether it is hardwood or softwood? | {
"answer_start": [
115
],
"text": [
"lignin"
]
} |
56fa43e9f34c681400b0c044 | Wood | In chemical terms, the difference between hardwood and softwood is reflected in the composition of the constituent lignin. Hardwood lignin is primarily derived from sinapyl alcohol and coniferyl alcohol. Softwood lignin is mainly derived from coniferyl alcohol. | Which wood has lignin that comes primarily from one type of alcohol? | {
"answer_start": [
204
],
"text": [
"Softwood"
]
} |
56fa43e9f34c681400b0c045 | Wood | In chemical terms, the difference between hardwood and softwood is reflected in the composition of the constituent lignin. Hardwood lignin is primarily derived from sinapyl alcohol and coniferyl alcohol. Softwood lignin is mainly derived from coniferyl alcohol. | Which type of alcohol mainly becomes softwood lignin? | {
"answer_start": [
243
],
"text": [
"coniferyl"
]
} |
56fa43e9f34c681400b0c046 | Wood | In chemical terms, the difference between hardwood and softwood is reflected in the composition of the constituent lignin. Hardwood lignin is primarily derived from sinapyl alcohol and coniferyl alcohol. Softwood lignin is mainly derived from coniferyl alcohol. | In addition to coniferyl alcohol, what other alcohol is in hardwood lignin? | {
"answer_start": [
165
],
"text": [
"sinapyl"
]
} |
56fa43e9f34c681400b0c047 | Wood | In chemical terms, the difference between hardwood and softwood is reflected in the composition of the constituent lignin. Hardwood lignin is primarily derived from sinapyl alcohol and coniferyl alcohol. Softwood lignin is mainly derived from coniferyl alcohol. | Which kind of wood contains lignin derived from two main alcohol sources? | {
"answer_start": [
123
],
"text": [
"Hardwood"
]
} |
56fa455af34c681400b0c04d | Wood | Aside from the lignocellulose, wood consists of a variety of low molecular weight organic compounds, called extractives. The wood extractives are fatty acids, resin acids, waxes and terpenes. For example, rosin is exuded by conifers as protection from insects. The extraction of these organic materials from wood provide... | What's the name for the low molecular weight organic compounds in wood? | {
"answer_start": [
108
],
"text": [
"extractives"
]
} |
56fa455af34c681400b0c04e | Wood | Aside from the lignocellulose, wood consists of a variety of low molecular weight organic compounds, called extractives. The wood extractives are fatty acids, resin acids, waxes and terpenes. For example, rosin is exuded by conifers as protection from insects. The extraction of these organic materials from wood provide... | Along with fatty acids, what kind of acids are in the extractives in wood? | {
"answer_start": [
159
],
"text": [
"resin"
]
} |
56fa455af34c681400b0c04f | Wood | Aside from the lignocellulose, wood consists of a variety of low molecular weight organic compounds, called extractives. The wood extractives are fatty acids, resin acids, waxes and terpenes. For example, rosin is exuded by conifers as protection from insects. The extraction of these organic materials from wood provide... | Wood extractives include resin and fatty acids, terpenes, and what other component? | {
"answer_start": [
172
],
"text": [
"waxes"
]
} |
56fa455af34c681400b0c050 | Wood | Aside from the lignocellulose, wood consists of a variety of low molecular weight organic compounds, called extractives. The wood extractives are fatty acids, resin acids, waxes and terpenes. For example, rosin is exuded by conifers as protection from insects. The extraction of these organic materials from wood provide... | What do conifers use rosin to protect themselves from? | {
"answer_start": [
252
],
"text": [
"insects"
]
} |
56fa455af34c681400b0c051 | Wood | Aside from the lignocellulose, wood consists of a variety of low molecular weight organic compounds, called extractives. The wood extractives are fatty acids, resin acids, waxes and terpenes. For example, rosin is exuded by conifers as protection from insects. The extraction of these organic materials from wood provide... | Along with tall oil and rosin, what commercial product do we get from wood's extractives? | {
"answer_start": [
332
],
"text": [
"turpentine"
]
} |
56fa4690f34c681400b0c057 | Wood | Wood has a long history of being used as fuel, which continues to this day, mostly in rural areas of the world. Hardwood is preferred over softwood because it creates less smoke and burns longer. Adding a woodstove or fireplace to a home is often felt to add ambiance and warmth. | What type of wood is preferred as fuel? | {
"answer_start": [
112
],
"text": [
"Hardwood"
]
} |
56fa4690f34c681400b0c058 | Wood | Wood has a long history of being used as fuel, which continues to this day, mostly in rural areas of the world. Hardwood is preferred over softwood because it creates less smoke and burns longer. Adding a woodstove or fireplace to a home is often felt to add ambiance and warmth. | What type of wood burns quickly and makes more smoke than hardwood? | {
"answer_start": [
139
],
"text": [
"softwood"
]
} |
56fa4690f34c681400b0c059 | Wood | Wood has a long history of being used as fuel, which continues to this day, mostly in rural areas of the world. Hardwood is preferred over softwood because it creates less smoke and burns longer. Adding a woodstove or fireplace to a home is often felt to add ambiance and warmth. | What type of areas use more wood for fuel? | {
"answer_start": [
86
],
"text": [
"rural"
]
} |
56fa4690f34c681400b0c05a | Wood | Wood has a long history of being used as fuel, which continues to this day, mostly in rural areas of the world. Hardwood is preferred over softwood because it creates less smoke and burns longer. Adding a woodstove or fireplace to a home is often felt to add ambiance and warmth. | What benefit besides the cozy atmosphere would a wood-burning fireplace add to a home? | {
"answer_start": [
272
],
"text": [
"warmth"
]
} |
56fa49f9f34c681400b0c05f | Wood | Wood has been an important construction material since humans began building shelters, houses and boats. Nearly all boats were made out of wood until the late 19th century, and wood remains in common use today in boat construction. Elm in particular was used for this purpose as it resisted decay as long as it was kept ... | What wood is decay-resistant when wet? | {
"answer_start": [
232
],
"text": [
"Elm"
]
} |
56fa49f9f34c681400b0c060 | Wood | Wood has been an important construction material since humans began building shelters, houses and boats. Nearly all boats were made out of wood until the late 19th century, and wood remains in common use today in boat construction. Elm in particular was used for this purpose as it resisted decay as long as it was kept ... | What plumbing component was once made out of elm? | {
"answer_start": [
344
],
"text": [
"water pipe"
]
} |
56fa49f9f34c681400b0c061 | Wood | Wood has been an important construction material since humans began building shelters, houses and boats. Nearly all boats were made out of wood until the late 19th century, and wood remains in common use today in boat construction. Elm in particular was used for this purpose as it resisted decay as long as it was kept ... | Until the late 19th century, what vessels were almost always wooden? | {
"answer_start": [
116
],
"text": [
"boats"
]
} |
56fa49f9f34c681400b0c062 | Wood | Wood has been an important construction material since humans began building shelters, houses and boats. Nearly all boats were made out of wood until the late 19th century, and wood remains in common use today in boat construction. Elm in particular was used for this purpose as it resisted decay as long as it was kept ... | What significant purpose has wood been used for as long as humans have built shelters? | {
"answer_start": [
27
],
"text": [
"construction material"
]
} |
56fa49f9f34c681400b0c063 | Wood | Wood has been an important construction material since humans began building shelters, houses and boats. Nearly all boats were made out of wood until the late 19th century, and wood remains in common use today in boat construction. Elm in particular was used for this purpose as it resisted decay as long as it was kept ... | Other than boats, what do people often build with wood? | {
"answer_start": [
87
],
"text": [
"houses"
]
} |
56fa4b89f34c681400b0c069 | Wood | Wood to be used for construction work is commonly known as lumber in North America. Elsewhere, lumber usually refers to felled trees, and the word for sawn planks ready for use is timber. In Medieval Europe oak was the wood of choice for all wood construction, including beams, walls, doors, and floors. Today a wider va... | What term is used in North America for wood used in construction? | {
"answer_start": [
59
],
"text": [
"lumber"
]
} |
56fa4b89f34c681400b0c06a | Wood | Wood to be used for construction work is commonly known as lumber in North America. Elsewhere, lumber usually refers to felled trees, and the word for sawn planks ready for use is timber. In Medieval Europe oak was the wood of choice for all wood construction, including beams, walls, doors, and floors. Today a wider va... | Outside of North America, if someone said "lumber," to what would they be referring? | {
"answer_start": [
120
],
"text": [
"felled trees"
]
} |
56fa4b89f34c681400b0c06b | Wood | Wood to be used for construction work is commonly known as lumber in North America. Elsewhere, lumber usually refers to felled trees, and the word for sawn planks ready for use is timber. In Medieval Europe oak was the wood of choice for all wood construction, including beams, walls, doors, and floors. Today a wider va... | What do people outside of North America call the sawn boards used for building? | {
"answer_start": [
180
],
"text": [
"timber"
]
} |
56fa4b89f34c681400b0c06c | Wood | Wood to be used for construction work is commonly known as lumber in North America. Elsewhere, lumber usually refers to felled trees, and the word for sawn planks ready for use is timber. In Medieval Europe oak was the wood of choice for all wood construction, including beams, walls, doors, and floors. Today a wider va... | What was the preferred wood for construction in Medieval Europe? | {
"answer_start": [
207
],
"text": [
"oak"
]
} |
56fa4b89f34c681400b0c06d | Wood | Wood to be used for construction work is commonly known as lumber in North America. Elsewhere, lumber usually refers to felled trees, and the word for sawn planks ready for use is timber. In Medieval Europe oak was the wood of choice for all wood construction, including beams, walls, doors, and floors. Today a wider va... | For modern solid wood doors, what wood is often used in addition to small-knotted pine or poplar? | {
"answer_start": [
413
],
"text": [
"Douglas fir"
]
} |
56fa4d06f34c681400b0c073 | Wood | New domestic housing in many parts of the world today is commonly made from timber-framed construction. Engineered wood products are becoming a bigger part of the construction industry. They may be used in both residential and commercial buildings as structural and aesthetic materials. | What type of construction is often used now to build homes in much of the world? | {
"answer_start": [
76
],
"text": [
"timber-framed"
]
} |
56fa4d06f34c681400b0c074 | Wood | New domestic housing in many parts of the world today is commonly made from timber-framed construction. Engineered wood products are becoming a bigger part of the construction industry. They may be used in both residential and commercial buildings as structural and aesthetic materials. | In addition to residential applications, what type of buildings often have engineered wood components? | {
"answer_start": [
227
],
"text": [
"commercial"
]
} |
56fa4d06f34c681400b0c075 | Wood | New domestic housing in many parts of the world today is commonly made from timber-framed construction. Engineered wood products are becoming a bigger part of the construction industry. They may be used in both residential and commercial buildings as structural and aesthetic materials. | Along with decorative components, what type of building materials can be engineered from wood? | {
"answer_start": [
251
],
"text": [
"structural"
]
} |
56fa4d06f34c681400b0c076 | Wood | New domestic housing in many parts of the world today is commonly made from timber-framed construction. Engineered wood products are becoming a bigger part of the construction industry. They may be used in both residential and commercial buildings as structural and aesthetic materials. | What industry benefits greatly from engineered wood products? | {
"answer_start": [
163
],
"text": [
"construction"
]
} |
56fa4e5e8f12f31900630111 | Wood | In buildings made of other materials, wood will still be found as a supporting material, especially in roof construction, in interior doors and their frames, and as exterior cladding. | What might wood be used for in a building made from brick or other materials? | {
"answer_start": [
68
],
"text": [
"supporting material"
]
} |
56fa4e5e8f12f31900630112 | Wood | In buildings made of other materials, wood will still be found as a supporting material, especially in roof construction, in interior doors and their frames, and as exterior cladding. | What crucial part of a house is often constructed from wood? | {
"answer_start": [
103
],
"text": [
"roof"
]
} |
56fa4e5e8f12f31900630113 | Wood | In buildings made of other materials, wood will still be found as a supporting material, especially in roof construction, in interior doors and their frames, and as exterior cladding. | Wood might be used to construct what exterior component of a building? | {
"answer_start": [
174
],
"text": [
"cladding"
]
} |
56fa4e5e8f12f31900630114 | Wood | In buildings made of other materials, wood will still be found as a supporting material, especially in roof construction, in interior doors and their frames, and as exterior cladding. | Inside a building, what wooden things might you open to enter or leave rooms? | {
"answer_start": [
134
],
"text": [
"doors"
]
} |
56fa50008f12f31900630119 | Wood | Engineered wood products, glued building products "engineered" for application-specific performance requirements, are often used in construction and industrial applications. Glued engineered wood products are manufactured by bonding together wood strands, veneers, lumber or other forms of wood fiber with glue to form a... | What holds together an engineered wood product? | {
"answer_start": [
306
],
"text": [
"glue"
]
} |
56fa50008f12f3190063011a | Wood | Engineered wood products, glued building products "engineered" for application-specific performance requirements, are often used in construction and industrial applications. Glued engineered wood products are manufactured by bonding together wood strands, veneers, lumber or other forms of wood fiber with glue to form a... | Engineered wood products are often used in construction, but what other major type of applications do they have? | {
"answer_start": [
149
],
"text": [
"industrial"
]
} |
56fa50008f12f3190063011b | Wood | Engineered wood products, glued building products "engineered" for application-specific performance requirements, are often used in construction and industrial applications. Glued engineered wood products are manufactured by bonding together wood strands, veneers, lumber or other forms of wood fiber with glue to form a... | What requirements do engineered wood products meet? | {
"answer_start": [
67
],
"text": [
"application-specific performance requirements"
]
} |
56fa50008f12f3190063011c | Wood | Engineered wood products, glued building products "engineered" for application-specific performance requirements, are often used in construction and industrial applications. Glued engineered wood products are manufactured by bonding together wood strands, veneers, lumber or other forms of wood fiber with glue to form a... | What efficient type of unit does the process of "engineering" wood result in? | {
"answer_start": [
344
],
"text": [
"composite structural unit"
]
} |
56fa50008f12f3190063011d | Wood | Engineered wood products, glued building products "engineered" for application-specific performance requirements, are often used in construction and industrial applications. Glued engineered wood products are manufactured by bonding together wood strands, veneers, lumber or other forms of wood fiber with glue to form a... | Wood fibers from wood strands, lumber, and what other source can be glued together to make larger units? | {
"answer_start": [
256
],
"text": [
"veneers"
]
} |
56fa517b8f12f31900630123 | Wood | These products include glued laminated timber (glulam), wood structural panels (including plywood, oriented strand board and composite panels), laminated veneer lumber (LVL) and other structural composite lumber (SCL) products, parallel strand lumber, and I-joists. Approximately 100 million cubic meters of wood was con... | What category do composite panels, strand board, and plywood all fit into? | {
"answer_start": [
56
],
"text": [
"wood structural panels"
]
} |
56fa517b8f12f31900630124 | Wood | These products include glued laminated timber (glulam), wood structural panels (including plywood, oriented strand board and composite panels), laminated veneer lumber (LVL) and other structural composite lumber (SCL) products, parallel strand lumber, and I-joists. Approximately 100 million cubic meters of wood was con... | What's another word for glued laminated timber? | {
"answer_start": [
47
],
"text": [
"glulam"
]
} |
56fa517b8f12f31900630125 | Wood | These products include glued laminated timber (glulam), wood structural panels (including plywood, oriented strand board and composite panels), laminated veneer lumber (LVL) and other structural composite lumber (SCL) products, parallel strand lumber, and I-joists. Approximately 100 million cubic meters of wood was con... | What does LVL stand for? | {
"answer_start": [
144
],
"text": [
"laminated veneer lumber"
]
} |
56fa517b8f12f31900630126 | Wood | These products include glued laminated timber (glulam), wood structural panels (including plywood, oriented strand board and composite panels), laminated veneer lumber (LVL) and other structural composite lumber (SCL) products, parallel strand lumber, and I-joists. Approximately 100 million cubic meters of wood was con... | If current building trends continue, what material will be replaced by particle and fiber board? | {
"answer_start": [
421
],
"text": [
"plywood"
]
} |
56fa517b8f12f31900630127 | Wood | These products include glued laminated timber (glulam), wood structural panels (including plywood, oriented strand board and composite panels), laminated veneer lumber (LVL) and other structural composite lumber (SCL) products, parallel strand lumber, and I-joists. Approximately 100 million cubic meters of wood was con... | About how many cubic meters of wood was used in 1991 to make products like glulam, LVL, and structural composite lumber? | {
"answer_start": [
280
],
"text": [
"100 million"
]
} |
56fa5330f34c681400b0c07b | Wood | Wood unsuitable for construction in its native form may be broken down mechanically (into fibers or chips) or chemically (into cellulose) and used as a raw material for other building materials, such as engineered wood, as well as chipboard, hardboard, and medium-density fiberboard (MDF). Such wood derivatives are wide... | What material results from chemically breaking down wood? | {
"answer_start": [
127
],
"text": [
"cellulose"
]
} |
56fa5330f34c681400b0c07c | Wood | Wood unsuitable for construction in its native form may be broken down mechanically (into fibers or chips) or chemically (into cellulose) and used as a raw material for other building materials, such as engineered wood, as well as chipboard, hardboard, and medium-density fiberboard (MDF). Such wood derivatives are wide... | What's the abbreviation for medium-density fiberboard? | {
"answer_start": [
284
],
"text": [
"MDF"
]
} |
56fa5330f34c681400b0c07d | Wood | Wood unsuitable for construction in its native form may be broken down mechanically (into fibers or chips) or chemically (into cellulose) and used as a raw material for other building materials, such as engineered wood, as well as chipboard, hardboard, and medium-density fiberboard (MDF). Such wood derivatives are wide... | How is wood broken down into chips and fibers? | {
"answer_start": [
71
],
"text": [
"mechanically"
]
} |
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