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56fa5330f34c681400b0c07e
Wood
Wood unsuitable for construction in its native form may be broken down mechanically (into fibers or chips) or chemically (into cellulose) and used as a raw material for other building materials, such as engineered wood, as well as chipboard, hardboard, and medium-density fiberboard (MDF). Such wood derivatives are wide...
What type of flooring can be made from wood derivatives?
{ "answer_start": [ 518 ], "text": [ "laminate" ] }
56fa5330f34c681400b0c07f
Wood
Wood unsuitable for construction in its native form may be broken down mechanically (into fibers or chips) or chemically (into cellulose) and used as a raw material for other building materials, such as engineered wood, as well as chipboard, hardboard, and medium-density fiberboard (MDF). Such wood derivatives are wide...
What widely-used product is almost always made of wood fibers?
{ "answer_start": [ 376 ], "text": [ "paper" ] }
56fa5493f34c681400b0c085
Wood
Wood has always been used extensively for furniture, such as chairs and beds. It is also used for tool handles and cutlery, such as chopsticks, toothpicks, and other utensils, like the wooden spoon.
What category of products usually made from wood includes chairs?
{ "answer_start": [ 42 ], "text": [ "furniture" ] }
56fa5493f34c681400b0c086
Wood
Wood has always been used extensively for furniture, such as chairs and beds. It is also used for tool handles and cutlery, such as chopsticks, toothpicks, and other utensils, like the wooden spoon.
What wooden utensil could you stir a pot of soup with?
{ "answer_start": [ 185 ], "text": [ "wooden spoon" ] }
56fa5493f34c681400b0c087
Wood
Wood has always been used extensively for furniture, such as chairs and beds. It is also used for tool handles and cutlery, such as chopsticks, toothpicks, and other utensils, like the wooden spoon.
Which parts of tools are sometimes made out of wood?
{ "answer_start": [ 103 ], "text": [ "handles" ] }
56fa5493f34c681400b0c088
Wood
Wood has always been used extensively for furniture, such as chairs and beds. It is also used for tool handles and cutlery, such as chopsticks, toothpicks, and other utensils, like the wooden spoon.
What pieces of furniture that most people use every night can be made out of wood?
{ "answer_start": [ 72 ], "text": [ "beds" ] }
56fa5493f34c681400b0c089
Wood
Wood has always been used extensively for furniture, such as chairs and beds. It is also used for tool handles and cutlery, such as chopsticks, toothpicks, and other utensils, like the wooden spoon.
What special wooden utensils do many people use to eat Chinese takeout?
{ "answer_start": [ 132 ], "text": [ "chopsticks" ] }
56fa56e5f34c681400b0c08f
Wood
Further developments include new lignin glue applications, recyclable food packaging, rubber tire replacement applications, anti-bacterial medical agents, and high strength fabrics or composites. As scientists and engineers further learn and develop new techniques to extract various components from wood, or alternative...
What could we monitor electronically that could help inform new methods of wood protection?
{ "answer_start": [ 440 ], "text": [ "Moisture content" ] }
56fa56e5f34c681400b0c090
Wood
Further developments include new lignin glue applications, recyclable food packaging, rubber tire replacement applications, anti-bacterial medical agents, and high strength fabrics or composites. As scientists and engineers further learn and develop new techniques to extract various components from wood, or alternative...
Development in the wood manufacturing industry include using lignin to make what substance?
{ "answer_start": [ 40 ], "text": [ "glue" ] }
56fa56e5f34c681400b0c091
Wood
Further developments include new lignin glue applications, recyclable food packaging, rubber tire replacement applications, anti-bacterial medical agents, and high strength fabrics or composites. As scientists and engineers further learn and develop new techniques to extract various components from wood, or alternative...
Instead of rubber, what important part of a car might someday be replaced by components of wood?
{ "answer_start": [ 93 ], "text": [ "tire" ] }
56fa56e5f34c681400b0c092
Wood
Further developments include new lignin glue applications, recyclable food packaging, rubber tire replacement applications, anti-bacterial medical agents, and high strength fabrics or composites. As scientists and engineers further learn and develop new techniques to extract various components from wood, or alternative...
What material might be developed from wood that could make clothes that resist wear and tear?
{ "answer_start": [ 159 ], "text": [ "high strength fabrics" ] }
56fa56e5f34c681400b0c093
Wood
Further developments include new lignin glue applications, recyclable food packaging, rubber tire replacement applications, anti-bacterial medical agents, and high strength fabrics or composites. As scientists and engineers further learn and develop new techniques to extract various components from wood, or alternative...
In addition to extracting components from wood, what might scientist do by adding components, for example, to make innovative products?
{ "answer_start": [ 326 ], "text": [ "modify wood" ] }
56fa5855f34c681400b0c099
Wood
Wood has long been used as an artistic medium. It has been used to make sculptures and carvings for millennia. Examples include the totem poles carved by North American indigenous people from conifer trunks, often Western Red Cedar (Thuja plicata), and the Millennium clock tower, now housed in the National Museum of Sc...
Along with sculptures, what type of art have people been making out of wood for centuries?
{ "answer_start": [ 87 ], "text": [ "carvings" ] }
56fa5855f34c681400b0c09a
Wood
Wood has long been used as an artistic medium. It has been used to make sculptures and carvings for millennia. Examples include the totem poles carved by North American indigenous people from conifer trunks, often Western Red Cedar (Thuja plicata), and the Millennium clock tower, now housed in the National Museum of Sc...
What did indigenous people in North America make out of the trunks of conifers?
{ "answer_start": [ 132 ], "text": [ "totem poles" ] }
56fa5855f34c681400b0c09b
Wood
Wood has long been used as an artistic medium. It has been used to make sculptures and carvings for millennia. Examples include the totem poles carved by North American indigenous people from conifer trunks, often Western Red Cedar (Thuja plicata), and the Millennium clock tower, now housed in the National Museum of Sc...
What type of tree was often used for totem poles?
{ "answer_start": [ 214 ], "text": [ "Western Red Cedar" ] }
56fa5855f34c681400b0c09c
Wood
Wood has long been used as an artistic medium. It has been used to make sculptures and carvings for millennia. Examples include the totem poles carved by North American indigenous people from conifer trunks, often Western Red Cedar (Thuja plicata), and the Millennium clock tower, now housed in the National Museum of Sc...
What city in Scotland would you visit to see the Millennium clock tower?
{ "answer_start": [ 330 ], "text": [ "Edinburgh" ] }
56fa5855f34c681400b0c09d
Wood
Wood has long been used as an artistic medium. It has been used to make sculptures and carvings for millennia. Examples include the totem poles carved by North American indigenous people from conifer trunks, often Western Red Cedar (Thuja plicata), and the Millennium clock tower, now housed in the National Museum of Sc...
What museum exhibits the Millennium clock tower?
{ "answer_start": [ 299 ], "text": [ "National Museum of Scotland" ] }
56fa59c2f34c681400b0c0a3
Wood
Certain types of musical instruments, such as those of the violin family, the guitar, the clarinet and recorder, the xylophone, and the marimba, are traditionally made mostly or entirely of wood. The choice of wood may make a significant difference to the tone and resonant qualities of the instrument, and tonewoods hav...
What kind of wood are clarinet bodies made from?
{ "answer_start": [ 383 ], "text": [ "african blackwood" ] }
56fa59c2f34c681400b0c0a4
Wood
Certain types of musical instruments, such as those of the violin family, the guitar, the clarinet and recorder, the xylophone, and the marimba, are traditionally made mostly or entirely of wood. The choice of wood may make a significant difference to the tone and resonant qualities of the instrument, and tonewoods hav...
What expensive wood with a prized color is used to make the backs of violins?
{ "answer_start": [ 594 ], "text": [ "ripple sycamore" ] }
56fa59c2f34c681400b0c0a5
Wood
Certain types of musical instruments, such as those of the violin family, the guitar, the clarinet and recorder, the xylophone, and the marimba, are traditionally made mostly or entirely of wood. The choice of wood may make a significant difference to the tone and resonant qualities of the instrument, and tonewoods hav...
What category of wood is often used for musical instruments?
{ "answer_start": [ 307 ], "text": [ "tonewoods" ] }
56fa59c2f34c681400b0c0a6
Wood
Certain types of musical instruments, such as those of the violin family, the guitar, the clarinet and recorder, the xylophone, and the marimba, are traditionally made mostly or entirely of wood. The choice of wood may make a significant difference to the tone and resonant qualities of the instrument, and tonewoods hav...
What's the common name for Picea abies?
{ "answer_start": [ 462 ], "text": [ "European spruce" ] }
56fa59c2f34c681400b0c0a7
Wood
Certain types of musical instruments, such as those of the violin family, the guitar, the clarinet and recorder, the xylophone, and the marimba, are traditionally made mostly or entirely of wood. The choice of wood may make a significant difference to the tone and resonant qualities of the instrument, and tonewoods hav...
Along with resonance, what property of an instrument will be affected by the wood used to make it?
{ "answer_start": [ 256 ], "text": [ "tone" ] }
56fa5af68f12f3190063012d
Wood
Despite their collective name, not all woodwind instruments are made entirely of wood. The reeds used to play them, however, are usually made from Arundo donax, a type of monocot cane plant.
What type of instruments with a misleading name aren't always made completely out of wood?
{ "answer_start": [ 39 ], "text": [ "woodwind instruments" ] }
56fa5af68f12f3190063012e
Wood
Despite their collective name, not all woodwind instruments are made entirely of wood. The reeds used to play them, however, are usually made from Arundo donax, a type of monocot cane plant.
What are woodwind instrument's reeds often made out of?
{ "answer_start": [ 147 ], "text": [ "Arundo donax" ] }
56fa5af68f12f3190063012f
Wood
Despite their collective name, not all woodwind instruments are made entirely of wood. The reeds used to play them, however, are usually made from Arundo donax, a type of monocot cane plant.
Is the Arundo donax a monocot or dicot cane plant?
{ "answer_start": [ 171 ], "text": [ "monocot" ] }
56fa5af68f12f31900630130
Wood
Despite their collective name, not all woodwind instruments are made entirely of wood. The reeds used to play them, however, are usually made from Arundo donax, a type of monocot cane plant.
What objects do musicians have to have in order to play woodwind instruments?
{ "answer_start": [ 91 ], "text": [ "reeds" ] }
56fa5c188f12f31900630135
Wood
Many types of sports equipment are made of wood, or were constructed of wood in the past. For example, cricket bats are typically made of white willow. The baseball bats which are legal for use in Major League Baseball are frequently made of ash wood or hickory, and in recent years have been constructed from maple even...
What wood is usually used for cricket bats?
{ "answer_start": [ 138 ], "text": [ "white willow" ] }
56fa5c188f12f31900630136
Wood
Many types of sports equipment are made of wood, or were constructed of wood in the past. For example, cricket bats are typically made of white willow. The baseball bats which are legal for use in Major League Baseball are frequently made of ash wood or hickory, and in recent years have been constructed from maple even...
Ash and hickory are often used for baseball bats to comply with the rules of what organization?
{ "answer_start": [ 197 ], "text": [ "Major League Baseball" ] }
56fa5c188f12f31900630137
Wood
Many types of sports equipment are made of wood, or were constructed of wood in the past. For example, cricket bats are typically made of white willow. The baseball bats which are legal for use in Major League Baseball are frequently made of ash wood or hickory, and in recent years have been constructed from maple even...
What is commonly used for the basketball courts the NBA plays on?
{ "answer_start": [ 411 ], "text": [ "parquetry" ] }
56fa5c188f12f31900630138
Wood
Many types of sports equipment are made of wood, or were constructed of wood in the past. For example, cricket bats are typically made of white willow. The baseball bats which are legal for use in Major League Baseball are frequently made of ash wood or hickory, and in recent years have been constructed from maple even...
What wood has recently started being used to make baseball bats in addition to hickory and ash?
{ "answer_start": [ 310 ], "text": [ "maple" ] }
56fa5c188f12f31900630139
Wood
Many types of sports equipment are made of wood, or were constructed of wood in the past. For example, cricket bats are typically made of white willow. The baseball bats which are legal for use in Major League Baseball are frequently made of ash wood or hickory, and in recent years have been constructed from maple even...
Compared to hickory and ash, what adjective might be used for a maple baseball bat?
{ "answer_start": [ 355 ], "text": [ "fragile" ] }
56fa5e2df34c681400b0c0ad
Wood
Many other types of sports and recreation equipment, such as skis, ice hockey sticks, lacrosse sticks and archery bows, were commonly made of wood in the past, but have since been replaced with more modern materials such as aluminium, fiberglass, carbon fiber, titanium, and composite materials. One noteworthy example o...
What pieces of equipment for shooting arrows used to be wooden?
{ "answer_start": [ 106 ], "text": [ "archery bows" ] }
56fa5e2df34c681400b0c0ae
Wood
Many other types of sports and recreation equipment, such as skis, ice hockey sticks, lacrosse sticks and archery bows, were commonly made of wood in the past, but have since been replaced with more modern materials such as aluminium, fiberglass, carbon fiber, titanium, and composite materials. One noteworthy example o...
Which pieces of ice hockey equipment were once made out of wood?
{ "answer_start": [ 78 ], "text": [ "sticks" ] }
56fa5e2df34c681400b0c0af
Wood
Many other types of sports and recreation equipment, such as skis, ice hockey sticks, lacrosse sticks and archery bows, were commonly made of wood in the past, but have since been replaced with more modern materials such as aluminium, fiberglass, carbon fiber, titanium, and composite materials. One noteworthy example o...
When the golf club called the "wood" was actually made out of it, what type of wood was used?
{ "answer_start": [ 422 ], "text": [ "persimmon" ] }
56fa5e2df34c681400b0c0b0
Wood
Many other types of sports and recreation equipment, such as skis, ice hockey sticks, lacrosse sticks and archery bows, were commonly made of wood in the past, but have since been replaced with more modern materials such as aluminium, fiberglass, carbon fiber, titanium, and composite materials. One noteworthy example o...
What is the golf club known as the "wood" usually made out of today?
{ "answer_start": [ 505 ], "text": [ "synthetic materials" ] }
56fa5e2df34c681400b0c0b1
Wood
Many other types of sports and recreation equipment, such as skis, ice hockey sticks, lacrosse sticks and archery bows, were commonly made of wood in the past, but have since been replaced with more modern materials such as aluminium, fiberglass, carbon fiber, titanium, and composite materials. One noteworthy example o...
What other modern material has joined composites, carbon fiber, titanium, and aluminum to replace wood in the manufacture of sporting equipment?
{ "answer_start": [ 235 ], "text": [ "fiberglass" ] }
56fa621f8f12f3190063013f
Wood
Little is known about the bacteria that degrade cellulose. Symbiotic bacteria in Xylophaga may play a role in the degradation of sunken wood; while bacteria such as Alphaproteobacteria, Flavobacteria, Actinobacteria, Clostridia, and Bacteroidetes have been detected in wood submerged over a year.
What component of wood is degraded by bacteria that scientists are still trying to learn about?
{ "answer_start": [ 48 ], "text": [ "cellulose" ] }
56fa621f8f12f31900630140
Wood
Little is known about the bacteria that degrade cellulose. Symbiotic bacteria in Xylophaga may play a role in the degradation of sunken wood; while bacteria such as Alphaproteobacteria, Flavobacteria, Actinobacteria, Clostridia, and Bacteroidetes have been detected in wood submerged over a year.
What type of bacteria are present in Xylophaga?
{ "answer_start": [ 59 ], "text": [ "Symbiotic" ] }
56fa621f8f12f31900630141
Wood
Little is known about the bacteria that degrade cellulose. Symbiotic bacteria in Xylophaga may play a role in the degradation of sunken wood; while bacteria such as Alphaproteobacteria, Flavobacteria, Actinobacteria, Clostridia, and Bacteroidetes have been detected in wood submerged over a year.
What type of wood is it possible the bacteria in Xylophaga help break down?
{ "answer_start": [ 129 ], "text": [ "sunken" ] }
56fa621f8f12f31900630142
Wood
Little is known about the bacteria that degrade cellulose. Symbiotic bacteria in Xylophaga may play a role in the degradation of sunken wood; while bacteria such as Alphaproteobacteria, Flavobacteria, Actinobacteria, Clostridia, and Bacteroidetes have been detected in wood submerged over a year.
How long was the wood submerged in water in the study that discovered the types of bacteria in it?
{ "answer_start": [ 284 ], "text": [ "over a year" ] }
56fa621f8f12f31900630143
Wood
Little is known about the bacteria that degrade cellulose. Symbiotic bacteria in Xylophaga may play a role in the degradation of sunken wood; while bacteria such as Alphaproteobacteria, Flavobacteria, Actinobacteria, Clostridia, and Bacteroidetes have been detected in wood submerged over a year.
What bacteria starting with the letter "F" were found in wood after it was underwater for more than a year?
{ "answer_start": [ 186 ], "text": [ "Flavobacteria" ] }
56f9f848f34c681400b0bf0b
Somalis
Somalis (Somali: Soomaali, Arabic: صومال‎) are an ethnic group inhabiting the Horn of Africa (Somali Peninsula). The overwhelming majority of Somalis speak the Somali language, which is part of the Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family. They are predominantly Sunni Muslim. Ethnic Somalis number around 16-20 millio...
What language family is Somali a part of?
{ "answer_start": [ 221 ], "text": [ "Afro-Asiatic" ] }
56f9f848f34c681400b0bf0c
Somalis
Somalis (Somali: Soomaali, Arabic: صومال‎) are an ethnic group inhabiting the Horn of Africa (Somali Peninsula). The overwhelming majority of Somalis speak the Somali language, which is part of the Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family. They are predominantly Sunni Muslim. Ethnic Somalis number around 16-20 millio...
What part of the Afro-Asiatic language family is Somali a part of?
{ "answer_start": [ 198 ], "text": [ "Cushitic" ] }
56f9f848f34c681400b0bf0d
Somalis
Somalis (Somali: Soomaali, Arabic: صومال‎) are an ethnic group inhabiting the Horn of Africa (Somali Peninsula). The overwhelming majority of Somalis speak the Somali language, which is part of the Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family. They are predominantly Sunni Muslim. Ethnic Somalis number around 16-20 millio...
What is the majority religion of Somalis?
{ "answer_start": [ 265 ], "text": [ "Sunni Muslim" ] }
56f9f848f34c681400b0bf0e
Somalis
Somalis (Somali: Soomaali, Arabic: صومال‎) are an ethnic group inhabiting the Horn of Africa (Somali Peninsula). The overwhelming majority of Somalis speak the Somali language, which is part of the Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family. They are predominantly Sunni Muslim. Ethnic Somalis number around 16-20 millio...
How many people of Somali ethnicity live in Somalia?
{ "answer_start": [ 374 ], "text": [ "12.3 million" ] }
56f9f848f34c681400b0bf0f
Somalis
Somalis (Somali: Soomaali, Arabic: صومال‎) are an ethnic group inhabiting the Horn of Africa (Somali Peninsula). The overwhelming majority of Somalis speak the Somali language, which is part of the Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family. They are predominantly Sunni Muslim. Ethnic Somalis number around 16-20 millio...
What country has the second largest Somali population?
{ "answer_start": [ 389 ], "text": [ "Ethiopia" ] }
56f9f8dc8f12f31900630023
Somalis
Irir Samaale, the oldest common ancestor of several Somali clans, is generally regarded as the source of the ethnonym Somali. The name "Somali" is, in turn, held to be derived from the words soo and maal, which together mean "go and milk" — a reference to the ubiquitous pastoralism of the Somali people. Another plausib...
From whom are several Somali clans descended?
{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "Irir Samaale" ] }
56f9f8dc8f12f31900630024
Somalis
Irir Samaale, the oldest common ancestor of several Somali clans, is generally regarded as the source of the ethnonym Somali. The name "Somali" is, in turn, held to be derived from the words soo and maal, which together mean "go and milk" — a reference to the ubiquitous pastoralism of the Somali people. Another plausib...
From what words is the term 'Somali' generally regarded as being derived?
{ "answer_start": [ 191 ], "text": [ "soo and maal" ] }
56f9f8dc8f12f31900630025
Somalis
Irir Samaale, the oldest common ancestor of several Somali clans, is generally regarded as the source of the ethnonym Somali. The name "Somali" is, in turn, held to be derived from the words soo and maal, which together mean "go and milk" — a reference to the ubiquitous pastoralism of the Somali people. Another plausib...
What does 'soo and maal' mean in English?
{ "answer_start": [ 226 ], "text": [ "go and milk" ] }
56f9f8dc8f12f31900630026
Somalis
Irir Samaale, the oldest common ancestor of several Somali clans, is generally regarded as the source of the ethnonym Somali. The name "Somali" is, in turn, held to be derived from the words soo and maal, which together mean "go and milk" — a reference to the ubiquitous pastoralism of the Somali people. Another plausib...
What word in Arabic means 'wealthy' in English?
{ "answer_start": [ 405 ], "text": [ "dhawamaal" ] }
56f9f8dc8f12f31900630027
Somalis
Irir Samaale, the oldest common ancestor of several Somali clans, is generally regarded as the source of the ethnonym Somali. The name "Somali" is, in turn, held to be derived from the words soo and maal, which together mean "go and milk" — a reference to the ubiquitous pastoralism of the Somali people. Another plausib...
What resource traditionally comprised Somali wealth?
{ "answer_start": [ 453 ], "text": [ "livestock" ] }
56f9f9a18f12f3190063002d
Somalis
An Ancient Chinese document from the 9th century referred to the northern Somali coast — which was then called "Berbera" by Arab geographers in reference to the region's "Berber" (Cushitic) inhabitants — as Po-pa-li. The first clear written reference of the sobriquet Somali, however, dates back to the 15th century. Dur...
What did the Arabs call the northern Somali coast in the 9th century?
{ "answer_start": [ 112 ], "text": [ "Berbera" ] }
56f9f9a18f12f3190063002e
Somalis
An Ancient Chinese document from the 9th century referred to the northern Somali coast — which was then called "Berbera" by Arab geographers in reference to the region's "Berber" (Cushitic) inhabitants — as Po-pa-li. The first clear written reference of the sobriquet Somali, however, dates back to the 15th century. Dur...
What did the Chinese call the northern Somali coast in the 9th century?
{ "answer_start": [ 207 ], "text": [ "Po-pa-li" ] }
56f9f9a18f12f3190063002f
Somalis
An Ancient Chinese document from the 9th century referred to the northern Somali coast — which was then called "Berbera" by Arab geographers in reference to the region's "Berber" (Cushitic) inhabitants — as Po-pa-li. The first clear written reference of the sobriquet Somali, however, dates back to the 15th century. Dur...
In what century was the term 'Somali' first used?
{ "answer_start": [ 303 ], "text": [ "15th" ] }
56f9f9a18f12f31900630030
Somalis
An Ancient Chinese document from the 9th century referred to the northern Somali coast — which was then called "Berbera" by Arab geographers in reference to the region's "Berber" (Cushitic) inhabitants — as Po-pa-li. The first clear written reference of the sobriquet Somali, however, dates back to the 15th century. Dur...
Who ordered that a hymn be composed that first mentioned the Somalis?
{ "answer_start": [ 405 ], "text": [ "the Abyssinian Emperor" ] }
56f9f9a18f12f31900630031
Somalis
An Ancient Chinese document from the 9th century referred to the northern Somali coast — which was then called "Berbera" by Arab geographers in reference to the region's "Berber" (Cushitic) inhabitants — as Po-pa-li. The first clear written reference of the sobriquet Somali, however, dates back to the 15th century. Dur...
Where was the Sultanate of Ifat located?
{ "answer_start": [ 372 ], "text": [ "Zeila" ] }
56f9fa1e8f12f31900630037
Somalis
Ancient rock paintings in Somalia which date back to 5000 years have been found in the northern part of the country, depicting early life in the territory. The most famous of these is the Laas Geel complex, which contains some of the earliest known rock art on the African continent and features many elaborate pastorali...
How long ago were rock paintings found in Somalia created?
{ "answer_start": [ 53 ], "text": [ "5000 years" ] }
56f9fa1e8f12f31900630038
Somalis
Ancient rock paintings in Somalia which date back to 5000 years have been found in the northern part of the country, depicting early life in the territory. The most famous of these is the Laas Geel complex, which contains some of the earliest known rock art on the African continent and features many elaborate pastorali...
Where are the most notable rock paintings located?
{ "answer_start": [ 184 ], "text": [ "the Laas Geel complex" ] }
56f9fa1e8f12f31900630039
Somalis
Ancient rock paintings in Somalia which date back to 5000 years have been found in the northern part of the country, depicting early life in the territory. The most famous of these is the Laas Geel complex, which contains some of the earliest known rock art on the African continent and features many elaborate pastorali...
Along with animals, what is depicted on the rock paintings of Laas Geel?
{ "answer_start": [ 346 ], "text": [ "human figures" ] }
56f9fa1e8f12f3190063003a
Somalis
Ancient rock paintings in Somalia which date back to 5000 years have been found in the northern part of the country, depicting early life in the territory. The most famous of these is the Laas Geel complex, which contains some of the earliest known rock art on the African continent and features many elaborate pastorali...
Where does a notable rock painting of a man on horseback exist?
{ "answer_start": [ 386 ], "text": [ "the northern Dhambalin region" ] }
56f9fa1e8f12f3190063003b
Somalis
Ancient rock paintings in Somalia which date back to 5000 years have been found in the northern part of the country, depicting early life in the territory. The most famous of these is the Laas Geel complex, which contains some of the earliest known rock art on the African continent and features many elaborate pastorali...
In what geographic part of Somalia are these rock paintings commonly found?
{ "answer_start": [ 87 ], "text": [ "northern" ] }
56f9fb6e8f12f31900630041
Somalis
Inscriptions have been found beneath many of the rock paintings, but archaeologists have so far been unable to decipher this form of ancient writing. During the Stone age, the Doian culture and the Hargeisan culture flourished here with their respective industries and factories.
Along with the Hargesian culture, what culture was present in Somalia in the Stone age?
{ "answer_start": [ 172 ], "text": [ "the Doian culture" ] }
56f9fb6e8f12f31900630042
Somalis
Inscriptions have been found beneath many of the rock paintings, but archaeologists have so far been unable to decipher this form of ancient writing. During the Stone age, the Doian culture and the Hargeisan culture flourished here with their respective industries and factories.
What undeciphered writings were found alongside the rock paintings?
{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "Inscriptions" ] }
56f9fb6e8f12f31900630043
Somalis
Inscriptions have been found beneath many of the rock paintings, but archaeologists have so far been unable to decipher this form of ancient writing. During the Stone age, the Doian culture and the Hargeisan culture flourished here with their respective industries and factories.
During what period did the Doian culture thrive?
{ "answer_start": [ 157 ], "text": [ "the Stone age" ] }
56fa0002f34c681400b0bf3d
Somalis
The oldest evidence of burial customs in the Horn of Africa comes from cemeteries in Somalia dating back to 4th millennium BC. The stone implements from the Jalelo site in northern Somalia are said to be the most important link in evidence of the universality in palaeolithic times between the East and the West.
In what country is the oldest evidence of ceremonial burial in the Horn of Africa located?
{ "answer_start": [ 85 ], "text": [ "Somalia" ] }
56fa0002f34c681400b0bf3e
Somalis
The oldest evidence of burial customs in the Horn of Africa comes from cemeteries in Somalia dating back to 4th millennium BC. The stone implements from the Jalelo site in northern Somalia are said to be the most important link in evidence of the universality in palaeolithic times between the East and the West.
From what millennium do the oldest cemeteries in the Horn of Africa date?
{ "answer_start": [ 108 ], "text": [ "4th millennium BC" ] }
56fa0002f34c681400b0bf3f
Somalis
The oldest evidence of burial customs in the Horn of Africa comes from cemeteries in Somalia dating back to 4th millennium BC. The stone implements from the Jalelo site in northern Somalia are said to be the most important link in evidence of the universality in palaeolithic times between the East and the West.
At what site were important paleolithic stone tools found?
{ "answer_start": [ 153 ], "text": [ "the Jalelo site" ] }
56fa0002f34c681400b0bf40
Somalis
The oldest evidence of burial customs in the Horn of Africa comes from cemeteries in Somalia dating back to 4th millennium BC. The stone implements from the Jalelo site in northern Somalia are said to be the most important link in evidence of the universality in palaeolithic times between the East and the West.
In what geographic part of Somalia were important paleolithic stone tools found?
{ "answer_start": [ 172 ], "text": [ "northern" ] }
56fa0064f34c681400b0bf45
Somalis
In antiquity, the ancestors of the Somali people were an important link in the Horn of Africa connecting the region's commerce with the rest of the ancient world. Somali sailors and merchants were the main suppliers of frankincense, myrrh and spices, items which were considered valuable luxuries by the Ancient Egyptian...
What economic activity in the Horn of Africa did the ancient Somalis connect to the rest of the world?
{ "answer_start": [ 118 ], "text": [ "commerce" ] }
56fa0064f34c681400b0bf46
Somalis
In antiquity, the ancestors of the Somali people were an important link in the Horn of Africa connecting the region's commerce with the rest of the ancient world. Somali sailors and merchants were the main suppliers of frankincense, myrrh and spices, items which were considered valuable luxuries by the Ancient Egyptian...
Along with myrrh and spices, what important luxury did ancient Somali merchants provide?
{ "answer_start": [ 219 ], "text": [ "frankincense" ] }
56fa0064f34c681400b0bf47
Somalis
In antiquity, the ancestors of the Somali people were an important link in the Horn of Africa connecting the region's commerce with the rest of the ancient world. Somali sailors and merchants were the main suppliers of frankincense, myrrh and spices, items which were considered valuable luxuries by the Ancient Egyptian...
Along with the ancient Phoenicians, Egyptians and Babylonians, what ancient people regarded myrrh as a luxury?
{ "answer_start": [ 336 ], "text": [ "Mycenaeans" ] }
56fa00e2f34c681400b0bf4b
Somalis
According to most scholars, the ancient Land of Punt and its inhabitants formed part of the ethnogenesis of the Somali people. The ancient Puntites were a nation of people that had close relations with Pharaonic Egypt during the times of Pharaoh Sahure and Queen Hatshepsut. The pyramidal structures, temples and ancient...
What ancient land was connected to the modern Somali people?
{ "answer_start": [ 40 ], "text": [ "Land of Punt" ] }
56fa00e2f34c681400b0bf4c
Somalis
According to most scholars, the ancient Land of Punt and its inhabitants formed part of the ethnogenesis of the Somali people. The ancient Puntites were a nation of people that had close relations with Pharaonic Egypt during the times of Pharaoh Sahure and Queen Hatshepsut. The pyramidal structures, temples and ancient...
What nation did the Land of Put have a close relationship with?
{ "answer_start": [ 202 ], "text": [ "Pharaonic Egypt" ] }
56fa00e2f34c681400b0bf4d
Somalis
According to most scholars, the ancient Land of Punt and its inhabitants formed part of the ethnogenesis of the Somali people. The ancient Puntites were a nation of people that had close relations with Pharaonic Egypt during the times of Pharaoh Sahure and Queen Hatshepsut. The pyramidal structures, temples and ancient...
Who was a Queen of Egypt during the time when Punt and Egypt were close?
{ "answer_start": [ 263 ], "text": [ "Hatshepsut" ] }
56fa00e2f34c681400b0bf4e
Somalis
According to most scholars, the ancient Land of Punt and its inhabitants formed part of the ethnogenesis of the Somali people. The ancient Puntites were a nation of people that had close relations with Pharaonic Egypt during the times of Pharaoh Sahure and Queen Hatshepsut. The pyramidal structures, temples and ancient...
Along with houses of dressed stone, what ancient architecture may have been influenced by Egypt?
{ "answer_start": [ 279 ], "text": [ "pyramidal structures" ] }
56fa01668f12f3190063005b
Somalis
In the classical era, several ancient city-states such as Opone, Essina, Sarapion, Nikon, Malao, Damo and Mosylon near Cape Guardafui, which competed with the Sabaeans, Parthians and Axumites for the wealthy Indo-Greco-Roman trade, also flourished in Somalia.
Near what headland was Mosylon located?
{ "answer_start": [ 119 ], "text": [ "Cape Guardafui" ] }
56fa01668f12f3190063005c
Somalis
In the classical era, several ancient city-states such as Opone, Essina, Sarapion, Nikon, Malao, Damo and Mosylon near Cape Guardafui, which competed with the Sabaeans, Parthians and Axumites for the wealthy Indo-Greco-Roman trade, also flourished in Somalia.
Along with Mosylon, Malao, Nikon, Sarapion, Opone and Essina, what city-state flourished in ancient Somalia?
{ "answer_start": [ 97 ], "text": [ "Damo" ] }
56fa01668f12f3190063005d
Somalis
In the classical era, several ancient city-states such as Opone, Essina, Sarapion, Nikon, Malao, Damo and Mosylon near Cape Guardafui, which competed with the Sabaeans, Parthians and Axumites for the wealthy Indo-Greco-Roman trade, also flourished in Somalia.
Along with the Parthians and Axumites, who were the commercial competitors of the ancient Somalis?
{ "answer_start": [ 159 ], "text": [ "Sabaeans" ] }
56fa01668f12f3190063005e
Somalis
In the classical era, several ancient city-states such as Opone, Essina, Sarapion, Nikon, Malao, Damo and Mosylon near Cape Guardafui, which competed with the Sabaeans, Parthians and Axumites for the wealthy Indo-Greco-Roman trade, also flourished in Somalia.
What trade did the ancient Somalis and others compete for?
{ "answer_start": [ 208 ], "text": [ "Indo-Greco-Roman" ] }
56fa01e88f12f31900630063
Somalis
The birth of Islam on the opposite side of Somalia's Red Sea coast meant that Somali merchants, sailors and expatriates living in the Arabian Peninsula gradually came under the influence of the new religion through their converted Arab Muslim trading partners. With the migration of fleeing Muslim families from the Isla...
What body of water separated Somalia from the land where Islam was born?
{ "answer_start": [ 53 ], "text": [ "Red Sea" ] }
56fa01e88f12f31900630064
Somalis
The birth of Islam on the opposite side of Somalia's Red Sea coast meant that Somali merchants, sailors and expatriates living in the Arabian Peninsula gradually came under the influence of the new religion through their converted Arab Muslim trading partners. With the migration of fleeing Muslim families from the Isla...
In what location was Islam born?
{ "answer_start": [ 130 ], "text": [ "the Arabian Peninsula" ] }
56fa01e88f12f31900630065
Somalis
The birth of Islam on the opposite side of Somalia's Red Sea coast meant that Somali merchants, sailors and expatriates living in the Arabian Peninsula gradually came under the influence of the new religion through their converted Arab Muslim trading partners. With the migration of fleeing Muslim families from the Isla...
What civilization was Mogadishu a part of?
{ "answer_start": [ 608 ], "text": [ "Berberi" ] }
56fa01e88f12f31900630066
Somalis
The birth of Islam on the opposite side of Somalia's Red Sea coast meant that Somali merchants, sailors and expatriates living in the Arabian Peninsula gradually came under the influence of the new religion through their converted Arab Muslim trading partners. With the migration of fleeing Muslim families from the Isla...
What was another name for Mogadishu?
{ "answer_start": [ 672 ], "text": [ "the City of Islam" ] }
56fa01e88f12f31900630067
Somalis
The birth of Islam on the opposite side of Somalia's Red Sea coast meant that Somali merchants, sailors and expatriates living in the Arabian Peninsula gradually came under the influence of the new religion through their converted Arab Muslim trading partners. With the migration of fleeing Muslim families from the Isla...
The trade of what luxury in East Africa was once centered on Mogadishu?
{ "answer_start": [ 723 ], "text": [ "gold" ] }
56fa02b68f12f31900630077
Somalis
The Sultanate of Ifat, led by the Walashma dynasty with its capital at Zeila, ruled over parts of what is now eastern Ethiopia, Djibouti, and northern Somalia. The historian al-Umari records that Ifat was situated near the Red Sea coast, and states its size as 15 days travel by 20 days travel. Its army numbered 15,000 ...
What dynasty ruled the Sultanate of Ifat?
{ "answer_start": [ 30 ], "text": [ "the Walashma dynasty" ] }
56fa02b68f12f31900630078
Somalis
The Sultanate of Ifat, led by the Walashma dynasty with its capital at Zeila, ruled over parts of what is now eastern Ethiopia, Djibouti, and northern Somalia. The historian al-Umari records that Ifat was situated near the Red Sea coast, and states its size as 15 days travel by 20 days travel. Its army numbered 15,000 ...
What was the capital of the Sultanate of Ifat?
{ "answer_start": [ 71 ], "text": [ "Zeila" ] }
56fa02b68f12f31900630079
Somalis
The Sultanate of Ifat, led by the Walashma dynasty with its capital at Zeila, ruled over parts of what is now eastern Ethiopia, Djibouti, and northern Somalia. The historian al-Umari records that Ifat was situated near the Red Sea coast, and states its size as 15 days travel by 20 days travel. Its army numbered 15,000 ...
Along with parts of Ethiopia and Somalia, in what modern-day country was the Sultanate of Ifat located?
{ "answer_start": [ 128 ], "text": [ "Djibouti" ] }
56fa02b68f12f3190063007a
Somalis
The Sultanate of Ifat, led by the Walashma dynasty with its capital at Zeila, ruled over parts of what is now eastern Ethiopia, Djibouti, and northern Somalia. The historian al-Umari records that Ifat was situated near the Red Sea coast, and states its size as 15 days travel by 20 days travel. Its army numbered 15,000 ...
According to al-Umari, how many cavalry did the Sultanate of Ifat have?
{ "answer_start": [ 313 ], "text": [ "15,000" ] }
56fa02b68f12f3190063007b
Somalis
The Sultanate of Ifat, led by the Walashma dynasty with its capital at Zeila, ruled over parts of what is now eastern Ethiopia, Djibouti, and northern Somalia. The historian al-Umari records that Ifat was situated near the Red Sea coast, and states its size as 15 days travel by 20 days travel. Its army numbered 15,000 ...
Near what body of water did al-Umari say Ifat was located?
{ "answer_start": [ 219 ], "text": [ "the Red Sea" ] }
56fa03388f12f31900630081
Somalis
In the Middle Ages, several powerful Somali empires dominated the regional trade including the Ajuran Sultanate, which excelled in hydraulic engineering and fortress building, the Sultanate of Adal, whose general Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi (Ahmed Gurey) was the first commander to use cannon warfare on the continent dur...
What Somali polity of the Middle Ages was known for its fortresses?
{ "answer_start": [ 91 ], "text": [ "the Ajuran Sultanate" ] }
56fa03388f12f31900630082
Somalis
In the Middle Ages, several powerful Somali empires dominated the regional trade including the Ajuran Sultanate, which excelled in hydraulic engineering and fortress building, the Sultanate of Adal, whose general Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi (Ahmed Gurey) was the first commander to use cannon warfare on the continent dur...
What state employed Abmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi?
{ "answer_start": [ 176 ], "text": [ "the Sultanate of Adal" ] }
56fa03388f12f31900630083
Somalis
In the Middle Ages, several powerful Somali empires dominated the regional trade including the Ajuran Sultanate, which excelled in hydraulic engineering and fortress building, the Sultanate of Adal, whose general Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi (Ahmed Gurey) was the first commander to use cannon warfare on the continent dur...
What was another name by which Abmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi was known?
{ "answer_start": [ 241 ], "text": [ "Ahmed Gurey" ] }
56fa03388f12f31900630084
Somalis
In the Middle Ages, several powerful Somali empires dominated the regional trade including the Ajuran Sultanate, which excelled in hydraulic engineering and fortress building, the Sultanate of Adal, whose general Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi (Ahmed Gurey) was the first commander to use cannon warfare on the continent dur...
What state did Adal conquer?
{ "answer_start": [ 343 ], "text": [ "the Ethiopian Empire" ] }
56fa03388f12f31900630085
Somalis
In the Middle Ages, several powerful Somali empires dominated the regional trade including the Ajuran Sultanate, which excelled in hydraulic engineering and fortress building, the Sultanate of Adal, whose general Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi (Ahmed Gurey) was the first commander to use cannon warfare on the continent dur...
What Somali leader received tribute from the Omani empire?
{ "answer_start": [ 515 ], "text": [ "Sultan Ahmed Yusuf" ] }
56fa04418f12f3190063008b
Somalis
In the late 19th century, after the Berlin conference had ended, European empires sailed with their armies to the Horn of Africa. The imperial clouds wavering over Somalia alarmed the Dervish leader Mohammed Abdullah Hassan, who gathered Somali soldiers from across the Horn of Africa and began one of the longest anti-c...
What states supported the Dervish State?
{ "answer_start": [ 547 ], "text": [ "the Ottoman and German empires" ] }
56fa04418f12f3190063008c
Somalis
In the late 19th century, after the Berlin conference had ended, European empires sailed with their armies to the Horn of Africa. The imperial clouds wavering over Somalia alarmed the Dervish leader Mohammed Abdullah Hassan, who gathered Somali soldiers from across the Horn of Africa and began one of the longest anti-c...
In what year did the British defeat the Dervishes?
{ "answer_start": [ 829 ], "text": [ "1920" ] }
56fa04418f12f3190063008d
Somalis
In the late 19th century, after the Berlin conference had ended, European empires sailed with their armies to the Horn of Africa. The imperial clouds wavering over Somalia alarmed the Dervish leader Mohammed Abdullah Hassan, who gathered Somali soldiers from across the Horn of Africa and began one of the longest anti-c...
What was the capital of the Dervish State?
{ "answer_start": [ 923 ], "text": [ "Taleex" ] }
56fa04418f12f3190063008e
Somalis
In the late 19th century, after the Berlin conference had ended, European empires sailed with their armies to the Horn of Africa. The imperial clouds wavering over Somalia alarmed the Dervish leader Mohammed Abdullah Hassan, who gathered Somali soldiers from across the Horn of Africa and began one of the longest anti-c...
In what year did Fascist Italy achieve full control of Somalia?
{ "answer_start": [ 1198 ], "text": [ "1927" ] }
56fa04418f12f3190063008f
Somalis
In the late 19th century, after the Berlin conference had ended, European empires sailed with their armies to the Horn of Africa. The imperial clouds wavering over Somalia alarmed the Dervish leader Mohammed Abdullah Hassan, who gathered Somali soldiers from across the Horn of Africa and began one of the longest anti-c...
In what year did the Italian occupation of Somalia end?
{ "answer_start": [ 1232 ], "text": [ "1941" ] }
56fa051df34c681400b0bf53
Somalis
Following World War II, Britain retained control of both British Somaliland and Italian Somaliland as protectorates. In 1945, during the Potsdam Conference, the United Nations granted Italy trusteeship of Italian Somaliland, but only under close supervision and on the condition — first proposed by the Somali Youth Leag...
Along with British Somaliland, what country in the region was a British protectorate after the Second World War?
{ "answer_start": [ 80 ], "text": [ "Italian Somaliland" ] }