id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 442
values | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 270 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
56faea72f34c681400b0c191 | Somalis | The Somali flag is an ethnic flag conceived to represent ethnic Somalis. It was created in 1954 by the Somali scholar Mohammed Awale Liban, after he had been selected by the labour trade union of the Trust Territory of Somalia to come up with a design. Upon independence in 1960, the flag was adopted as the national fla... | How many points does the Star of Unity have? | {
"answer_start": [
358
],
"text": [
"five"
]
} |
56faeae4f34c681400b0c197 | Somalis | Somali cuisine varies from region to region and consists of a fusion of diverse culinary influences. It is the product of Somalia's rich tradition of trade and commerce. Despite the variety, there remains one thing that unites the various regional cuisines: all food is served halal. There are therefore no pork dishes, ... | What is the one culinary tradition that is present among all Somali regional cuisines? | {
"answer_start": [
258
],
"text": [
"all food is served halal"
]
} |
56faeae4f34c681400b0c198 | Somalis | Somali cuisine varies from region to region and consists of a fusion of diverse culinary influences. It is the product of Somalia's rich tradition of trade and commerce. Despite the variety, there remains one thing that unites the various regional cuisines: all food is served halal. There are therefore no pork dishes, ... | What type of meat is never present in halal dishes? | {
"answer_start": [
307
],
"text": [
"pork"
]
} |
56faeae4f34c681400b0c199 | Somalis | Somali cuisine varies from region to region and consists of a fusion of diverse culinary influences. It is the product of Somalia's rich tradition of trade and commerce. Despite the variety, there remains one thing that unites the various regional cuisines: all food is served halal. There are therefore no pork dishes, ... | What beverage is not halal? | {
"answer_start": [
320
],
"text": [
"alcohol"
]
} |
56faeae4f34c681400b0c19a | Somalis | Somali cuisine varies from region to region and consists of a fusion of diverse culinary influences. It is the product of Somalia's rich tradition of trade and commerce. Despite the variety, there remains one thing that unites the various regional cuisines: all food is served halal. There are therefore no pork dishes, ... | Along with alcohol, what liquid is never present in halal food? | {
"answer_start": [
389
],
"text": [
"blood"
]
} |
56faeb28f34c681400b0c19f | Somalis | Qado or lunch is often elaborate. Varieties of bariis (rice), the most popular probably being basmati, usually serve as the main dish. Spices like cumin, cardamom, cloves, cinnamon, and garden sage are used to aromatize these different rice delicacies. Somalis eat dinner as late as 9 pm. During Ramadan, supper is often... | What is the English word for qado? | {
"answer_start": [
8
],
"text": [
"lunch"
]
} |
56faeb28f34c681400b0c1a0 | Somalis | Qado or lunch is often elaborate. Varieties of bariis (rice), the most popular probably being basmati, usually serve as the main dish. Spices like cumin, cardamom, cloves, cinnamon, and garden sage are used to aromatize these different rice delicacies. Somalis eat dinner as late as 9 pm. During Ramadan, supper is often... | What is bariis in English? | {
"answer_start": [
55
],
"text": [
"rice"
]
} |
56faeb28f34c681400b0c1a1 | Somalis | Qado or lunch is often elaborate. Varieties of bariis (rice), the most popular probably being basmati, usually serve as the main dish. Spices like cumin, cardamom, cloves, cinnamon, and garden sage are used to aromatize these different rice delicacies. Somalis eat dinner as late as 9 pm. During Ramadan, supper is often... | What is the most popular variety of bariis? | {
"answer_start": [
94
],
"text": [
"basmati"
]
} |
56faeb28f34c681400b0c1a2 | Somalis | Qado or lunch is often elaborate. Varieties of bariis (rice), the most popular probably being basmati, usually serve as the main dish. Spices like cumin, cardamom, cloves, cinnamon, and garden sage are used to aromatize these different rice delicacies. Somalis eat dinner as late as 9 pm. During Ramadan, supper is often... | When is the latest a Somali might eat dinner during Ramadan? | {
"answer_start": [
372
],
"text": [
"11 pm"
]
} |
56faeb28f34c681400b0c1a3 | Somalis | Qado or lunch is often elaborate. Varieties of bariis (rice), the most popular probably being basmati, usually serve as the main dish. Spices like cumin, cardamom, cloves, cinnamon, and garden sage are used to aromatize these different rice delicacies. Somalis eat dinner as late as 9 pm. During Ramadan, supper is often... | After what event during Ramadan is dinner served? | {
"answer_start": [
334
],
"text": [
"Tarawih prayers"
]
} |
56faeb678f12f319006302c5 | Somalis | Xalwo (halva) is a popular confection eaten during festive occasions, such as Eid celebrations or wedding receptions. It is made from sugar, corn starch, cardamom powder, nutmeg powder and ghee. Peanuts are also sometimes added to enhance texture and flavor. After meals, homes are traditionally perfumed using frankince... | What is another term for xalwo? | {
"answer_start": [
7
],
"text": [
"halva"
]
} |
56faeb678f12f319006302c6 | Somalis | Xalwo (halva) is a popular confection eaten during festive occasions, such as Eid celebrations or wedding receptions. It is made from sugar, corn starch, cardamom powder, nutmeg powder and ghee. Peanuts are also sometimes added to enhance texture and flavor. After meals, homes are traditionally perfumed using frankince... | Along with wedding receptions, when is xalwo often consumed? | {
"answer_start": [
78
],
"text": [
"Eid celebrations"
]
} |
56faeb678f12f319006302c7 | Somalis | Xalwo (halva) is a popular confection eaten during festive occasions, such as Eid celebrations or wedding receptions. It is made from sugar, corn starch, cardamom powder, nutmeg powder and ghee. Peanuts are also sometimes added to enhance texture and flavor. After meals, homes are traditionally perfumed using frankince... | What do the Somalis call frankincense? | {
"answer_start": [
325
],
"text": [
"lubaan"
]
} |
56faeb678f12f319006302c8 | Somalis | Xalwo (halva) is a popular confection eaten during festive occasions, such as Eid celebrations or wedding receptions. It is made from sugar, corn starch, cardamom powder, nutmeg powder and ghee. Peanuts are also sometimes added to enhance texture and flavor. After meals, homes are traditionally perfumed using frankince... | What is the English word for cunnsi? | {
"answer_start": [
336
],
"text": [
"incense"
]
} |
56faeb678f12f319006302c9 | Somalis | Xalwo (halva) is a popular confection eaten during festive occasions, such as Eid celebrations or wedding receptions. It is made from sugar, corn starch, cardamom powder, nutmeg powder and ghee. Peanuts are also sometimes added to enhance texture and flavor. After meals, homes are traditionally perfumed using frankince... | What do the Somalis call incense burners? | {
"answer_start": [
414
],
"text": [
"dabqaad"
]
} |
56faebc18f12f319006302cf | Somalis | Somali scholars have for centuries produced many notable examples of Islamic literature ranging from poetry to Hadith. With the adoption of the Latin alphabet in 1972 to transcribe the Somali language, numerous contemporary Somali authors have also released novels, some of which have gone on to receive worldwide acclai... | When did Somalis begin to render their language using the Latin alphabet? | {
"answer_start": [
162
],
"text": [
"1972"
]
} |
56faebc18f12f319006302d0 | Somalis | Somali scholars have for centuries produced many notable examples of Islamic literature ranging from poetry to Hadith. With the adoption of the Latin alphabet in 1972 to transcribe the Somali language, numerous contemporary Somali authors have also released novels, some of which have gone on to receive worldwide acclai... | Who is the most well-known modern Somali writer? | {
"answer_start": [
348
],
"text": [
"Nuruddin Farah"
]
} |
56faebc18f12f319006302d1 | Somalis | Somali scholars have for centuries produced many notable examples of Islamic literature ranging from poetry to Hadith. With the adoption of the Latin alphabet in 1972 to transcribe the Somali language, numerous contemporary Somali authors have also released novels, some of which have gone on to receive worldwide acclai... | In what year did Nuruddin Farah win the Neustadt International Prize for Literature? | {
"answer_start": [
545
],
"text": [
"1998"
]
} |
56faebc18f12f319006302d2 | Somalis | Somali scholars have for centuries produced many notable examples of Islamic literature ranging from poetry to Hadith. With the adoption of the Latin alphabet in 1972 to transcribe the Somali language, numerous contemporary Somali authors have also released novels, some of which have gone on to receive worldwide acclai... | Who wrote Ignorance is the enemy of love? | {
"answer_start": [
595
],
"text": [
"Farah Mohamed Jama Awl"
]
} |
56faebc18f12f319006302d3 | Somalis | Somali scholars have for centuries produced many notable examples of Islamic literature ranging from poetry to Hadith. With the adoption of the Latin alphabet in 1972 to transcribe the Somali language, numerous contemporary Somali authors have also released novels, some of which have gone on to receive worldwide acclai... | Who won the 2010 Betty Trask Prize? | {
"answer_start": [
752
],
"text": [
"Nadifa Mohamed"
]
} |
56faec218f12f319006302d9 | Somalis | Somalis for centuries have practiced a form of customary law, which they call Xeer. Xeer is a polycentric legal system where there is no monopolistic agent that determines what the law should be or how it should be interpreted. | What is the Somali system of customary law? | {
"answer_start": [
78
],
"text": [
"Xeer"
]
} |
56faec8b8f12f319006302db | Somalis | The Xeer legal system is assumed to have developed exclusively in the Horn of Africa since approximately the 7th century. There is no evidence that it developed elsewhere or was greatly influenced by any foreign legal system. The fact that Somali legal terminology is practically devoid of loan words from foreign langua... | In what century did the Xeer system begin? | {
"answer_start": [
109
],
"text": [
"7th"
]
} |
56faec8b8f12f319006302dc | Somalis | The Xeer legal system is assumed to have developed exclusively in the Horn of Africa since approximately the 7th century. There is no evidence that it developed elsewhere or was greatly influenced by any foreign legal system. The fact that Somali legal terminology is practically devoid of loan words from foreign langua... | In what region did the Xeer system develop? | {
"answer_start": [
66
],
"text": [
"the Horn of Africa"
]
} |
56faec8b8f12f319006302dd | Somalis | The Xeer legal system is assumed to have developed exclusively in the Horn of Africa since approximately the 7th century. There is no evidence that it developed elsewhere or was greatly influenced by any foreign legal system. The fact that Somali legal terminology is practically devoid of loan words from foreign langua... | What fact about Somali legal terms implies that Xeer developed locally? | {
"answer_start": [
280
],
"text": [
"devoid of loan words"
]
} |
56faeccbf34c681400b0c1a9 | Somalis | The Xeer legal system also requires a certain amount of specialization of different functions within the legal framework. Thus, one can find odayal (judges), xeer boggeyaal (jurists), guurtiyaal (detectives), garxajiyaal (attorneys), murkhaatiyal (witnesses) and waranle (police officers) to enforce the law. | In the Xeer system, what are judges called? | {
"answer_start": [
141
],
"text": [
"odayal"
]
} |
56faeccbf34c681400b0c1aa | Somalis | The Xeer legal system also requires a certain amount of specialization of different functions within the legal framework. Thus, one can find odayal (judges), xeer boggeyaal (jurists), guurtiyaal (detectives), garxajiyaal (attorneys), murkhaatiyal (witnesses) and waranle (police officers) to enforce the law. | What does xeer boggeyaal mean in English? | {
"answer_start": [
174
],
"text": [
"jurists"
]
} |
56faeccbf34c681400b0c1ab | Somalis | The Xeer legal system also requires a certain amount of specialization of different functions within the legal framework. Thus, one can find odayal (judges), xeer boggeyaal (jurists), guurtiyaal (detectives), garxajiyaal (attorneys), murkhaatiyal (witnesses) and waranle (police officers) to enforce the law. | What does the Xeer system call attorneys? | {
"answer_start": [
209
],
"text": [
"garxajiyaal"
]
} |
56faeccbf34c681400b0c1ac | Somalis | The Xeer legal system also requires a certain amount of specialization of different functions within the legal framework. Thus, one can find odayal (judges), xeer boggeyaal (jurists), guurtiyaal (detectives), garxajiyaal (attorneys), murkhaatiyal (witnesses) and waranle (police officers) to enforce the law. | By what term are witnesses known in the Xeer system? | {
"answer_start": [
234
],
"text": [
"murkhaatiyal"
]
} |
56faeccbf34c681400b0c1ad | Somalis | The Xeer legal system also requires a certain amount of specialization of different functions within the legal framework. Thus, one can find odayal (judges), xeer boggeyaal (jurists), guurtiyaal (detectives), garxajiyaal (attorneys), murkhaatiyal (witnesses) and waranle (police officers) to enforce the law. | What does the Xeer system call cops? | {
"answer_start": [
263
],
"text": [
"waranle"
]
} |
56faed40f34c681400b0c1b3 | Somalis | Somali architecture is a rich and diverse tradition of engineering and designing. It involves multiple different construction types, such as stone cities, castles, citadels, fortresses, mosques, mausoleums, towers, tombs, tumuli, cairns, megaliths, menhirs, stelae, dolmens, stone circles, monuments, temples, enclosures... | Along with Somalo-Islamic architecture, what influences modern Somali architecture? | {
"answer_start": [
500
],
"text": [
"Western designs"
]
} |
56faed40f34c681400b0c1b4 | Somalis | Somali architecture is a rich and diverse tradition of engineering and designing. It involves multiple different construction types, such as stone cities, castles, citadels, fortresses, mosques, mausoleums, towers, tombs, tumuli, cairns, megaliths, menhirs, stelae, dolmens, stone circles, monuments, temples, enclosures... | Along with the early modern and ancient, during what period did Somali architecture exist? | {
"answer_start": [
382
],
"text": [
"medieval"
]
} |
56faed40f34c681400b0c1b5 | Somalis | Somali architecture is a rich and diverse tradition of engineering and designing. It involves multiple different construction types, such as stone cities, castles, citadels, fortresses, mosques, mausoleums, towers, tombs, tumuli, cairns, megaliths, menhirs, stelae, dolmens, stone circles, monuments, temples, enclosures... | What material was used to make Somali cities? | {
"answer_start": [
141
],
"text": [
"stone"
]
} |
56faed86f34c681400b0c1b9 | Somalis | In ancient Somalia, pyramidical structures known in Somali as taalo were a popular burial style, with hundreds of these dry stone monuments scattered around the country today. Houses were built of dressed stone similar to the ones in Ancient Egypt. There are also examples of courtyards and large stone walls enclosing s... | What do Somalis call their ancient pyramids? | {
"answer_start": [
62
],
"text": [
"taalo"
]
} |
56faed86f34c681400b0c1ba | Somalis | In ancient Somalia, pyramidical structures known in Somali as taalo were a popular burial style, with hundreds of these dry stone monuments scattered around the country today. Houses were built of dressed stone similar to the ones in Ancient Egypt. There are also examples of courtyards and large stone walls enclosing s... | What were taalo used for? | {
"answer_start": [
83
],
"text": [
"burial"
]
} |
56faed86f34c681400b0c1bb | Somalis | In ancient Somalia, pyramidical structures known in Somali as taalo were a popular burial style, with hundreds of these dry stone monuments scattered around the country today. Houses were built of dressed stone similar to the ones in Ancient Egypt. There are also examples of courtyards and large stone walls enclosing s... | What were ancient Somali houses made out of? | {
"answer_start": [
197
],
"text": [
"dressed stone"
]
} |
56faed86f34c681400b0c1bc | Somalis | In ancient Somalia, pyramidical structures known in Somali as taalo were a popular burial style, with hundreds of these dry stone monuments scattered around the country today. Houses were built of dressed stone similar to the ones in Ancient Egypt. There are also examples of courtyards and large stone walls enclosing s... | Ancient Somali houses were similar to houses in what country? | {
"answer_start": [
242
],
"text": [
"Egypt"
]
} |
56faed86f34c681400b0c1bd | Somalis | In ancient Somalia, pyramidical structures known in Somali as taalo were a popular burial style, with hundreds of these dry stone monuments scattered around the country today. Houses were built of dressed stone similar to the ones in Ancient Egypt. There are also examples of courtyards and large stone walls enclosing s... | What is a notable stone wall built in ancient Somalia? | {
"answer_start": [
340
],
"text": [
"the Wargaade Wall"
]
} |
56faedf8f34c681400b0c1c3 | Somalis | The peaceful introduction of Islam in the early medieval era of Somalia's history brought Islamic architectural influences from Arabia and Persia. This had the effect of stimulating a shift in construction from drystone and other related materials to coral stone, sundried bricks, and the widespread use of limestone in ... | During what period was the Muslim faith introduced to Somalia? | {
"answer_start": [
42
],
"text": [
"early medieval"
]
} |
56faedf8f34c681400b0c1c4 | Somalis | The peaceful introduction of Islam in the early medieval era of Somalia's history brought Islamic architectural influences from Arabia and Persia. This had the effect of stimulating a shift in construction from drystone and other related materials to coral stone, sundried bricks, and the widespread use of limestone in ... | Along with Arabian influences, where did architectural influences come from in the medieval period? | {
"answer_start": [
139
],
"text": [
"Persia"
]
} |
56faedf8f34c681400b0c1c5 | Somalis | The peaceful introduction of Islam in the early medieval era of Somalia's history brought Islamic architectural influences from Arabia and Persia. This had the effect of stimulating a shift in construction from drystone and other related materials to coral stone, sundried bricks, and the widespread use of limestone in ... | In the medieval period, what buildings were notably built atop older ruins? | {
"answer_start": [
388
],
"text": [
"mosques"
]
} |
56faedf8f34c681400b0c1c6 | Somalis | The peaceful introduction of Islam in the early medieval era of Somalia's history brought Islamic architectural influences from Arabia and Persia. This had the effect of stimulating a shift in construction from drystone and other related materials to coral stone, sundried bricks, and the widespread use of limestone in ... | Along with sundried bricks and coral stone, what construction material was widely used after the introduction of Islam? | {
"answer_start": [
307
],
"text": [
"limestone"
]
} |
56faedf8f34c681400b0c1c7 | Somalis | The peaceful introduction of Islam in the early medieval era of Somalia's history brought Islamic architectural influences from Arabia and Persia. This had the effect of stimulating a shift in construction from drystone and other related materials to coral stone, sundried bricks, and the widespread use of limestone in ... | Before Islam was introduced, what was a common building material in Somalia? | {
"answer_start": [
211
],
"text": [
"drystone"
]
} |
56faee55f34c681400b0c1cd | Somalis | The scholarly term for research concerning Somalis and Greater Somalia is known as Somali Studies. It consists of several disciplines such as anthropology, sociology, linguistics, historiography and archaeology. The field draws from old Somali chronicles, records and oral literature, in addition to written accounts and... | What is the academic study of the Somali people called? | {
"answer_start": [
83
],
"text": [
"Somali Studies"
]
} |
56faee55f34c681400b0c1ce | Somalis | The scholarly term for research concerning Somalis and Greater Somalia is known as Somali Studies. It consists of several disciplines such as anthropology, sociology, linguistics, historiography and archaeology. The field draws from old Somali chronicles, records and oral literature, in addition to written accounts and... | Along with sociology, linguistics, historiography and archaeology, what field is part of Somali Studies? | {
"answer_start": [
142
],
"text": [
"anthropology"
]
} |
56faee55f34c681400b0c1cf | Somalis | The scholarly term for research concerning Somalis and Greater Somalia is known as Somali Studies. It consists of several disciplines such as anthropology, sociology, linguistics, historiography and archaeology. The field draws from old Somali chronicles, records and oral literature, in addition to written accounts and... | Along with chronicles and records, what indigenous sources are used in Somali Studies? | {
"answer_start": [
268
],
"text": [
"oral literature"
]
} |
56faee55f34c681400b0c1d0 | Somalis | The scholarly term for research concerning Somalis and Greater Somalia is known as Somali Studies. It consists of several disciplines such as anthropology, sociology, linguistics, historiography and archaeology. The field draws from old Somali chronicles, records and oral literature, in addition to written accounts and... | What is the name of the annual gathering of Somali Studies scholars? | {
"answer_start": [
518
],
"text": [
"the International Congress of Somali Studies"
]
} |
56faee55f34c681400b0c1d1 | Somalis | The scholarly term for research concerning Somalis and Greater Somalia is known as Somali Studies. It consists of several disciplines such as anthropology, sociology, linguistics, historiography and archaeology. The field draws from old Somali chronicles, records and oral literature, in addition to written accounts and... | When did the International Congress of Somali Studies begin? | {
"answer_start": [
426
],
"text": [
"1980"
]
} |
56fb2a7cf34c681400b0c1d7 | Middle_Ages | In European history, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. It began with the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: Antiquity, Medieva... | In what century did the Middle Ages begin? | {
"answer_start": [
72
],
"text": [
"5th"
]
} |
56fb2a7cf34c681400b0c1d8 | Middle_Ages | In European history, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. It began with the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: Antiquity, Medieva... | What century saw the end of the Middle Ages? | {
"answer_start": [
83
],
"text": [
"15th"
]
} |
56fb2a7cf34c681400b0c1d9 | Middle_Ages | In European history, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. It began with the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: Antiquity, Medieva... | What event marked the beginning of the Middle Ages? | {
"answer_start": [
111
],
"text": [
"the collapse of the Western Roman Empire"
]
} |
56fb2a7cf34c681400b0c1da | Middle_Ages | In European history, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. It began with the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: Antiquity, Medieva... | Along with the Renaissance, what era occurred at the end of the Middle Ages? | {
"answer_start": [
192
],
"text": [
"Age of Discovery"
]
} |
56fb2a7cf34c681400b0c1db | Middle_Ages | In European history, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. It began with the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: Antiquity, Medieva... | What is the first period of the three that Western history is traditionally divided into? | {
"answer_start": [
302
],
"text": [
"Antiquity"
]
} |
56fb2afef34c681400b0c1e1 | Middle_Ages | Depopulation, deurbanisation, invasion, and movement of peoples, which had begun in Late Antiquity, continued in the Early Middle Ages. The barbarian invaders, including various Germanic peoples, formed new kingdoms in what remained of the Western Roman Empire. In the 7th century, North Africa and the Middle East—once ... | Along with the movement of peoples, invasion and depopulation, what event started in Late Antiquity and continued into the Middle Ages? | {
"answer_start": [
14
],
"text": [
"deurbanisation"
]
} |
56fb2afef34c681400b0c1e2 | Middle_Ages | Depopulation, deurbanisation, invasion, and movement of peoples, which had begun in Late Antiquity, continued in the Early Middle Ages. The barbarian invaders, including various Germanic peoples, formed new kingdoms in what remained of the Western Roman Empire. In the 7th century, North Africa and the Middle East—once ... | In what state did barbarian invaders establish kingdoms? | {
"answer_start": [
236
],
"text": [
"the Western Roman Empire"
]
} |
56fb2afef34c681400b0c1e3 | Middle_Ages | Depopulation, deurbanisation, invasion, and movement of peoples, which had begun in Late Antiquity, continued in the Early Middle Ages. The barbarian invaders, including various Germanic peoples, formed new kingdoms in what remained of the Western Roman Empire. In the 7th century, North Africa and the Middle East—once ... | What empire was North Africa previously a part of? | {
"answer_start": [
328
],
"text": [
"the Eastern Roman Empire"
]
} |
56fb2afef34c681400b0c1e4 | Middle_Ages | Depopulation, deurbanisation, invasion, and movement of peoples, which had begun in Late Antiquity, continued in the Early Middle Ages. The barbarian invaders, including various Germanic peoples, formed new kingdoms in what remained of the Western Roman Empire. In the 7th century, North Africa and the Middle East—once ... | In what century did the Caliphate conquer North Africa? | {
"answer_start": [
269
],
"text": [
"7th"
]
} |
56fb2afef34c681400b0c1e5 | Middle_Ages | Depopulation, deurbanisation, invasion, and movement of peoples, which had begun in Late Antiquity, continued in the Early Middle Ages. The barbarian invaders, including various Germanic peoples, formed new kingdoms in what remained of the Western Roman Empire. In the 7th century, North Africa and the Middle East—once ... | In what year did Italians discover the Code of Justinian? | {
"answer_start": [
740
],
"text": [
"1070"
]
} |
56fb2c94f34c681400b0c1eb | Middle_Ages | During the High Middle Ages, which began after 1000, the population of Europe increased greatly as technological and agricultural innovations allowed trade to flourish and the Medieval Warm Period climate change allowed crop yields to increase. Manorialism, the organisation of peasants into villages that owed rent and ... | What year marked the beginning of the High Middle Ages? | {
"answer_start": [
47
],
"text": [
"1000"
]
} |
56fb2c94f34c681400b0c1ec | Middle_Ages | During the High Middle Ages, which began after 1000, the population of Europe increased greatly as technological and agricultural innovations allowed trade to flourish and the Medieval Warm Period climate change allowed crop yields to increase. Manorialism, the organisation of peasants into villages that owed rent and ... | What event led to larger crop yields in the High Middle Ages? | {
"answer_start": [
172
],
"text": [
"the Medieval Warm Period"
]
} |
56fb2c94f34c681400b0c1ed | Middle_Ages | During the High Middle Ages, which began after 1000, the population of Europe increased greatly as technological and agricultural innovations allowed trade to flourish and the Medieval Warm Period climate change allowed crop yields to increase. Manorialism, the organisation of peasants into villages that owed rent and ... | What was the name of the economic system that organized peasants into villages owing labor and rent to nobles? | {
"answer_start": [
245
],
"text": [
"Manorialism"
]
} |
56fb2c94f34c681400b0c1ee | Middle_Ages | During the High Middle Ages, which began after 1000, the population of Europe increased greatly as technological and agricultural innovations allowed trade to flourish and the Medieval Warm Period climate change allowed crop yields to increase. Manorialism, the organisation of peasants into villages that owed rent and ... | What was the name of the political system that gave rents to knights in return for military service? | {
"answer_start": [
355
],
"text": [
"feudalism"
]
} |
56fb2c94f34c681400b0c1ef | Middle_Ages | During the High Middle Ages, which began after 1000, the population of Europe increased greatly as technological and agricultural innovations allowed trade to flourish and the Medieval Warm Period climate change allowed crop yields to increase. Manorialism, the organisation of peasants into villages that owed rent and ... | In what year did the Crusades begin? | {
"answer_start": [
626
],
"text": [
"1095"
]
} |
56fb2e3bf34c681400b0c1f5 | Middle_Ages | The Late Middle Ages was marked by difficulties and calamities including famine, plague, and war, which significantly diminished the population of Europe; between 1347 and 1350, the Black Death killed about a third of Europeans. Controversy, heresy, and schism within the Church paralleled the interstate conflict, civil... | When did the Black Death end? | {
"answer_start": [
172
],
"text": [
"1350"
]
} |
56fb2e3bf34c681400b0c1f6 | Middle_Ages | The Late Middle Ages was marked by difficulties and calamities including famine, plague, and war, which significantly diminished the population of Europe; between 1347 and 1350, the Black Death killed about a third of Europeans. Controversy, heresy, and schism within the Church paralleled the interstate conflict, civil... | In what period of the Middle Ages did the Black Death occur? | {
"answer_start": [
4
],
"text": [
"Late"
]
} |
56fb2e3bf34c681400b0c1f7 | Middle_Ages | The Late Middle Ages was marked by difficulties and calamities including famine, plague, and war, which significantly diminished the population of Europe; between 1347 and 1350, the Black Death killed about a third of Europeans. Controversy, heresy, and schism within the Church paralleled the interstate conflict, civil... | What portion of the European population died in the Black Death? | {
"answer_start": [
207
],
"text": [
"a third"
]
} |
56fb2e3bf34c681400b0c1f8 | Middle_Ages | The Late Middle Ages was marked by difficulties and calamities including famine, plague, and war, which significantly diminished the population of Europe; between 1347 and 1350, the Black Death killed about a third of Europeans. Controversy, heresy, and schism within the Church paralleled the interstate conflict, civil... | What era occurred after the Late Middle Ages? | {
"answer_start": [
496
],
"text": [
"the early modern period"
]
} |
56fb2e3bf34c681400b0c1f9 | Middle_Ages | The Late Middle Ages was marked by difficulties and calamities including famine, plague, and war, which significantly diminished the population of Europe; between 1347 and 1350, the Black Death killed about a third of Europeans. Controversy, heresy, and schism within the Church paralleled the interstate conflict, civil... | Along with controversy and schism, what upset the peace of the Church during the Late Middle Ages? | {
"answer_start": [
242
],
"text": [
"heresy"
]
} |
56fb2e6f8f12f319006302e1 | Middle_Ages | The Middle Ages is one of the three major periods in the most enduring scheme for analysing European history: classical civilisation, or Antiquity; the Middle Ages; and the Modern Period. | Along with Antiquity and the Middle Ages, what is the other major division of European history? | {
"answer_start": [
169
],
"text": [
"the Modern Period"
]
} |
56fb2e6f8f12f319006302e2 | Middle_Ages | The Middle Ages is one of the three major periods in the most enduring scheme for analysing European history: classical civilisation, or Antiquity; the Middle Ages; and the Modern Period. | How many major periods is European history divided into? | {
"answer_start": [
30
],
"text": [
"three"
]
} |
56fb2e6f8f12f319006302e3 | Middle_Ages | The Middle Ages is one of the three major periods in the most enduring scheme for analysing European history: classical civilisation, or Antiquity; the Middle Ages; and the Modern Period. | What is another name for Antiquity? | {
"answer_start": [
110
],
"text": [
"classical civilisation"
]
} |
56fb2ed48f12f319006302e7 | Middle_Ages | Medieval writers divided history into periods such as the "Six Ages" or the "Four Empires", and considered their time to be the last before the end of the world. When referring to their own times, they spoke of them as being "modern". In the 1330s, the humanist and poet Petrarch referred to pre-Christian times as antiq... | Along with the Six Ages, what other scheme did writers in the Middle Ages use to divide history? | {
"answer_start": [
77
],
"text": [
"Four Empires"
]
} |
56fb2ed48f12f319006302e8 | Middle_Ages | Medieval writers divided history into periods such as the "Six Ages" or the "Four Empires", and considered their time to be the last before the end of the world. When referring to their own times, they spoke of them as being "modern". In the 1330s, the humanist and poet Petrarch referred to pre-Christian times as antiq... | What writer referred to the Christian period as new? | {
"answer_start": [
271
],
"text": [
"Petrarch"
]
} |
56fb2ed48f12f319006302e9 | Middle_Ages | Medieval writers divided history into periods such as the "Six Ages" or the "Four Empires", and considered their time to be the last before the end of the world. When referring to their own times, they spoke of them as being "modern". In the 1330s, the humanist and poet Petrarch referred to pre-Christian times as antiq... | Who wrote the History of the Florentine People? | {
"answer_start": [
386
],
"text": [
"Leonardo Bruni"
]
} |
56fb2ed48f12f319006302ea | Middle_Ages | Medieval writers divided history into periods such as the "Six Ages" or the "Four Empires", and considered their time to be the last before the end of the world. When referring to their own times, they spoke of them as being "modern". In the 1330s, the humanist and poet Petrarch referred to pre-Christian times as antiq... | When was the History of the Florentine People published? | {
"answer_start": [
498
],
"text": [
"1442"
]
} |
56fb2ed48f12f319006302eb | Middle_Ages | Medieval writers divided history into periods such as the "Six Ages" or the "Four Empires", and considered their time to be the last before the end of the world. When referring to their own times, they spoke of them as being "modern". In the 1330s, the humanist and poet Petrarch referred to pre-Christian times as antiq... | Who first divided history into the ancient, medieval and modern periods? | {
"answer_start": [
1067
],
"text": [
"Christoph Cellarius"
]
} |
56fb2f268f12f319006302f1 | Middle_Ages | The most commonly given starting point for the Middle Ages is 476, first used by Bruni.[A] For Europe as a whole, 1500 is often considered to be the end of the Middle Ages, but there is no universally agreed upon end date. Depending on the context, events such as Christopher Columbus's first voyage to the Americas in 1... | What date is usually given as the beginning of the Middle Ages? | {
"answer_start": [
62
],
"text": [
"476"
]
} |
56fb2f268f12f319006302f2 | Middle_Ages | The most commonly given starting point for the Middle Ages is 476, first used by Bruni.[A] For Europe as a whole, 1500 is often considered to be the end of the Middle Ages, but there is no universally agreed upon end date. Depending on the context, events such as Christopher Columbus's first voyage to the Americas in 1... | Who was the first writer to date the Middle Ages from 476? | {
"answer_start": [
81
],
"text": [
"Bruni"
]
} |
56fb2f268f12f319006302f3 | Middle_Ages | The most commonly given starting point for the Middle Ages is 476, first used by Bruni.[A] For Europe as a whole, 1500 is often considered to be the end of the Middle Ages, but there is no universally agreed upon end date. Depending on the context, events such as Christopher Columbus's first voyage to the Americas in 1... | When is the Middle Ages generally considered to have ended? | {
"answer_start": [
114
],
"text": [
"1500"
]
} |
56fb2f268f12f319006302f4 | Middle_Ages | The most commonly given starting point for the Middle Ages is 476, first used by Bruni.[A] For Europe as a whole, 1500 is often considered to be the end of the Middle Ages, but there is no universally agreed upon end date. Depending on the context, events such as Christopher Columbus's first voyage to the Americas in 1... | In what year did the Turks conquer Constantinople? | {
"answer_start": [
372
],
"text": [
"1453"
]
} |
56fb2f268f12f319006302f5 | Middle_Ages | The most commonly given starting point for the Middle Ages is 476, first used by Bruni.[A] For Europe as a whole, 1500 is often considered to be the end of the Middle Ages, but there is no universally agreed upon end date. Depending on the context, events such as Christopher Columbus's first voyage to the Americas in 1... | When did Ferdinand II die? | {
"answer_start": [
602
],
"text": [
"1516"
]
} |
56fb2ff68f12f319006302fb | Middle_Ages | The Roman Empire reached its greatest territorial extent during the 2nd century AD; the following two centuries witnessed the slow decline of Roman control over its outlying territories. Economic issues, including inflation, and external pressure on the frontiers combined to make the 3rd century politically unstable, w... | In what century did the Roman Empire achieve its greatest extent? | {
"answer_start": [
64
],
"text": [
"the 2nd century AD"
]
} |
56fb2ff68f12f319006302fc | Middle_Ages | The Roman Empire reached its greatest territorial extent during the 2nd century AD; the following two centuries witnessed the slow decline of Roman control over its outlying territories. Economic issues, including inflation, and external pressure on the frontiers combined to make the 3rd century politically unstable, w... | In what century did the revival of Persia occur under the Sassanids? | {
"answer_start": [
547
],
"text": [
"3rd century"
]
} |
56fb2ff68f12f319006302fd | Middle_Ages | The Roman Empire reached its greatest territorial extent during the 2nd century AD; the following two centuries witnessed the slow decline of Roman control over its outlying territories. Economic issues, including inflation, and external pressure on the frontiers combined to make the 3rd century politically unstable, w... | How much did the size of the Roman army increase in the 3rd century? | {
"answer_start": [
569
],
"text": [
"doubled"
]
} |
56fb2ff68f12f319006302fe | Middle_Ages | The Roman Empire reached its greatest territorial extent during the 2nd century AD; the following two centuries witnessed the slow decline of Roman control over its outlying territories. Economic issues, including inflation, and external pressure on the frontiers combined to make the 3rd century politically unstable, w... | What did the need for increased revenue to pay for the Roman army lead to an increase in? | {
"answer_start": [
701
],
"text": [
"taxes"
]
} |
56fb2ff68f12f319006302ff | Middle_Ages | The Roman Empire reached its greatest territorial extent during the 2nd century AD; the following two centuries witnessed the slow decline of Roman control over its outlying territories. Economic issues, including inflation, and external pressure on the frontiers combined to make the 3rd century politically unstable, w... | What is another term for the Roman landowning class? | {
"answer_start": [
739
],
"text": [
"curial"
]
} |
56fb30738f12f31900630305 | Middle_Ages | The Emperor Diocletian (r. 284–305) split the empire into separately administered eastern and western halves in 286; the empire was not considered divided by its inhabitants or rulers, as legal and administrative promulgations in one division were considered valid in the other.[C] In 330, after a period of civil war, C... | In what year did Diocletian begin his reign? | {
"answer_start": [
27
],
"text": [
"284"
]
} |
56fb30738f12f31900630306 | Middle_Ages | The Emperor Diocletian (r. 284–305) split the empire into separately administered eastern and western halves in 286; the empire was not considered divided by its inhabitants or rulers, as legal and administrative promulgations in one division were considered valid in the other.[C] In 330, after a period of civil war, C... | When was the Roman Empire split into western and eastern administrative divisions? | {
"answer_start": [
112
],
"text": [
"286"
]
} |
56fb30738f12f31900630307 | Middle_Ages | The Emperor Diocletian (r. 284–305) split the empire into separately administered eastern and western halves in 286; the empire was not considered divided by its inhabitants or rulers, as legal and administrative promulgations in one division were considered valid in the other.[C] In 330, after a period of civil war, C... | What was the name of the city previously located on the site of Constantinople? | {
"answer_start": [
376
],
"text": [
"Byzantium"
]
} |
56fb30738f12f31900630308 | Middle_Ages | The Emperor Diocletian (r. 284–305) split the empire into separately administered eastern and western halves in 286; the empire was not considered divided by its inhabitants or rulers, as legal and administrative promulgations in one division were considered valid in the other.[C] In 330, after a period of civil war, C... | During what century was the Roman conversion to Christianity considered complete? | {
"answer_start": [
1238
],
"text": [
"5th"
]
} |
56fb30738f12f31900630309 | Middle_Ages | The Emperor Diocletian (r. 284–305) split the empire into separately administered eastern and western halves in 286; the empire was not considered divided by its inhabitants or rulers, as legal and administrative promulgations in one division were considered valid in the other.[C] In 330, after a period of civil war, C... | When did the rule of Constantine end? | {
"answer_start": [
349
],
"text": [
"337"
]
} |
56fb3290f34c681400b0c1ff | Middle_Ages | In 376, the Ostrogoths, fleeing from the Huns, received permission from Emperor Valens (r. 364–378) to settle in the Roman province of Thracia in the Balkans. The settlement did not go smoothly, and when Roman officials mishandled the situation, the Ostrogoths began to raid and plunder.[D] Valens, attempting to put dow... | In what year did the Ostrogoths settle in the Roman Empire? | {
"answer_start": [
3
],
"text": [
"376"
]
} |
56fb3290f34c681400b0c200 | Middle_Ages | In 376, the Ostrogoths, fleeing from the Huns, received permission from Emperor Valens (r. 364–378) to settle in the Roman province of Thracia in the Balkans. The settlement did not go smoothly, and when Roman officials mishandled the situation, the Ostrogoths began to raid and plunder.[D] Valens, attempting to put dow... | Who invited the Ostrogoths to settle in the Roman Empire? | {
"answer_start": [
80
],
"text": [
"Valens"
]
} |
56fb3290f34c681400b0c201 | Middle_Ages | In 376, the Ostrogoths, fleeing from the Huns, received permission from Emperor Valens (r. 364–378) to settle in the Roman province of Thracia in the Balkans. The settlement did not go smoothly, and when Roman officials mishandled the situation, the Ostrogoths began to raid and plunder.[D] Valens, attempting to put dow... | In what province did the Ostrogoths settle? | {
"answer_start": [
135
],
"text": [
"Thracia"
]
} |
56fb3290f34c681400b0c202 | Middle_Ages | In 376, the Ostrogoths, fleeing from the Huns, received permission from Emperor Valens (r. 364–378) to settle in the Roman province of Thracia in the Balkans. The settlement did not go smoothly, and when Roman officials mishandled the situation, the Ostrogoths began to raid and plunder.[D] Valens, attempting to put dow... | At what battle was the Emperor Valens killed? | {
"answer_start": [
374
],
"text": [
"the Battle of Adrianople"
]
} |
56fb3290f34c681400b0c203 | Middle_Ages | In 376, the Ostrogoths, fleeing from the Huns, received permission from Emperor Valens (r. 364–378) to settle in the Roman province of Thracia in the Balkans. The settlement did not go smoothly, and when Roman officials mishandled the situation, the Ostrogoths began to raid and plunder.[D] Valens, attempting to put dow... | When did the Battle of Adrianople occur? | {
"answer_start": [
402
],
"text": [
"9 August 378"
]
} |
56fb3441f34c681400b0c209 | Middle_Ages | By the end of the 5th century the western section of the empire was divided into smaller political units, ruled by the tribes that had invaded in the early part of the century. The deposition of the last emperor of the west, Romulus Augustus, in 476 has traditionally marked the end of the Western Roman Empire.[E] The E... | Who was the last Western Roman Emperor? | {
"answer_start": [
225
],
"text": [
"Romulus Augustus"
]
} |
56fb3441f34c681400b0c20a | Middle_Ages | By the end of the 5th century the western section of the empire was divided into smaller political units, ruled by the tribes that had invaded in the early part of the century. The deposition of the last emperor of the west, Romulus Augustus, in 476 has traditionally marked the end of the Western Roman Empire.[E] The E... | When did the reign of the last Western Roman Emperor end? | {
"answer_start": [
246
],
"text": [
"476"
]
} |
56fb3441f34c681400b0c20b | Middle_Ages | By the end of the 5th century the western section of the empire was divided into smaller political units, ruled by the tribes that had invaded in the early part of the century. The deposition of the last emperor of the west, Romulus Augustus, in 476 has traditionally marked the end of the Western Roman Empire.[E] The E... | What is another name for the Eastern Roman Empire? | {
"answer_start": [
366
],
"text": [
"Byzantine Empire"
]
} |
56fb3441f34c681400b0c20c | Middle_Ages | By the end of the 5th century the western section of the empire was divided into smaller political units, ruled by the tribes that had invaded in the early part of the century. The deposition of the last emperor of the west, Romulus Augustus, in 476 has traditionally marked the end of the Western Roman Empire.[E] The E... | What Eastern Roman Emperor reconquered Italy? | {
"answer_start": [
806
],
"text": [
"Justinian"
]
} |
56fb3441f34c681400b0c20d | Middle_Ages | By the end of the 5th century the western section of the empire was divided into smaller political units, ruled by the tribes that had invaded in the early part of the century. The deposition of the last emperor of the west, Romulus Augustus, in 476 has traditionally marked the end of the Western Roman Empire.[E] The E... | When did Justinian's reign end? | {
"answer_start": [
824
],
"text": [
"565"
]
} |
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