id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 442
values | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 270 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
5706abd252bb891400689b4c | Bird_migration | The primary physiological cue for migration are the changes in the day length. These changes are also related to hormonal changes in the birds. In the period before migration, many birds display higher activity or Zugunruhe (German: migratory restlessness), first described by Johann Friedrich Naumann in 1795, as well a... | What does Zugunruhe mean in English? | {
"answer_start": [
233
],
"text": [
"migratory restlessness"
]
} |
5706abd252bb891400689b4d | Bird_migration | The primary physiological cue for migration are the changes in the day length. These changes are also related to hormonal changes in the birds. In the period before migration, many birds display higher activity or Zugunruhe (German: migratory restlessness), first described by Johann Friedrich Naumann in 1795, as well a... | What do caged birds display that corresponds with migratory direction in nature? | {
"answer_start": [
620
],
"text": [
"preferential flight direction"
]
} |
5706abd252bb891400689b4e | Bird_migration | The primary physiological cue for migration are the changes in the day length. These changes are also related to hormonal changes in the birds. In the period before migration, many birds display higher activity or Zugunruhe (German: migratory restlessness), first described by Johann Friedrich Naumann in 1795, as well a... | When do caged birds change their preferential direction? | {
"answer_start": [
772
],
"text": [
"the same time their wild conspecifics change course"
]
} |
5706ac4e75f01819005e7d0a | Bird_migration | In polygynous species with considerable sexual dimorphism, males tend to return earlier to the breeding sites than their females. This is termed protandry. | What is it called when males return earlier to the breeding sites than females? | {
"answer_start": [
145
],
"text": [
"protandry"
]
} |
5706ac4e75f01819005e7d0b | Bird_migration | In polygynous species with considerable sexual dimorphism, males tend to return earlier to the breeding sites than their females. This is termed protandry. | What happens in polygynous species with sexual dimophism? | {
"answer_start": [
59
],
"text": [
"males tend to return earlier to the breeding sites"
]
} |
5706ac4e75f01819005e7d0c | Bird_migration | In polygynous species with considerable sexual dimorphism, males tend to return earlier to the breeding sites than their females. This is termed protandry. | Why do males in polygynous species return before the females? | {
"answer_start": [
40
],
"text": [
"sexual dimorphism"
]
} |
5706acd875f01819005e7d10 | Bird_migration | Navigation is based on a variety of senses. Many birds have been shown to use a sun compass. Using the sun for direction involves the need for making compensation based on the time. Navigation has also been shown to be based on a combination of other abilities including the ability to detect magnetic fields (magnetocep... | What is navigation based on? | {
"answer_start": [
23
],
"text": [
"a variety of senses"
]
} |
5706acd875f01819005e7d11 | Bird_migration | Navigation is based on a variety of senses. Many birds have been shown to use a sun compass. Using the sun for direction involves the need for making compensation based on the time. Navigation has also been shown to be based on a combination of other abilities including the ability to detect magnetic fields (magnetocep... | What do many birds use as a compass? | {
"answer_start": [
80
],
"text": [
"sun"
]
} |
5706acd875f01819005e7d12 | Bird_migration | Navigation is based on a variety of senses. Many birds have been shown to use a sun compass. Using the sun for direction involves the need for making compensation based on the time. Navigation has also been shown to be based on a combination of other abilities including the ability to detect magnetic fields (magnetocep... | What does using the sun for direction involve? | {
"answer_start": [
130
],
"text": [
"the need for making compensation based on the time"
]
} |
5706acd875f01819005e7d13 | Bird_migration | Navigation is based on a variety of senses. Many birds have been shown to use a sun compass. Using the sun for direction involves the need for making compensation based on the time. Navigation has also been shown to be based on a combination of other abilities including the ability to detect magnetic fields (magnetocep... | What else is navigation based on? | {
"answer_start": [
327
],
"text": [
"use visual landmarks"
]
} |
5706acd875f01819005e7d14 | Bird_migration | Navigation is based on a variety of senses. Many birds have been shown to use a sun compass. Using the sun for direction involves the need for making compensation based on the time. Navigation has also been shown to be based on a combination of other abilities including the ability to detect magnetic fields (magnetocep... | What is magnetoception? | {
"answer_start": [
271
],
"text": [
"the ability to detect magnetic fields"
]
} |
5706b5312eaba6190074ac4e | Bird_migration | Long distance migrants are believed to disperse as young birds and form attachments to potential breeding sites and to favourite wintering sites. Once the site attachment is made they show high site-fidelity, visiting the same wintering sites year after year. | When do long distance migrants disperse? | {
"answer_start": [
48
],
"text": [
"as young birds"
]
} |
5706b5312eaba6190074ac4f | Bird_migration | Long distance migrants are believed to disperse as young birds and form attachments to potential breeding sites and to favourite wintering sites. Once the site attachment is made they show high site-fidelity, visiting the same wintering sites year after year. | What do young birds form attachments to? | {
"answer_start": [
87
],
"text": [
"potential breeding sites"
]
} |
5706b5312eaba6190074ac50 | Bird_migration | Long distance migrants are believed to disperse as young birds and form attachments to potential breeding sites and to favourite wintering sites. Once the site attachment is made they show high site-fidelity, visiting the same wintering sites year after year. | What else do young birds form attachments to? | {
"answer_start": [
129
],
"text": [
"wintering sites"
]
} |
5706b5312eaba6190074ac51 | Bird_migration | Long distance migrants are believed to disperse as young birds and form attachments to potential breeding sites and to favourite wintering sites. Once the site attachment is made they show high site-fidelity, visiting the same wintering sites year after year. | What happens when the site attachment is made? | {
"answer_start": [
179
],
"text": [
"they show high site-fidelity"
]
} |
5706b5312eaba6190074ac52 | Bird_migration | Long distance migrants are believed to disperse as young birds and form attachments to potential breeding sites and to favourite wintering sites. Once the site attachment is made they show high site-fidelity, visiting the same wintering sites year after year. | Where do migrating birds visit? | {
"answer_start": [
218
],
"text": [
"the same wintering sites year after year"
]
} |
5706b8810eeca41400aa0da1 | Bird_migration | The ability of birds to navigate during migrations cannot be fully explained by endogenous programming, even with the help of responses to environmental cues. The ability to successfully perform long-distance migrations can probably only be fully explained with an accounting for the cognitive ability of the birds to re... | What are older migrating birds better at? | {
"answer_start": [
485
],
"text": [
"making corrections for wind drift"
]
} |
5706b8810eeca41400aa0da2 | Bird_migration | The ability of birds to navigate during migrations cannot be fully explained by endogenous programming, even with the help of responses to environmental cues. The ability to successfully perform long-distance migrations can probably only be fully explained with an accounting for the cognitive ability of the birds to re... | How was the migrating of ospretys and honey buzzards tracked? | {
"answer_start": [
359
],
"text": [
"Satellite"
]
} |
5706b8810eeca41400aa0da3 | Bird_migration | The ability of birds to navigate during migrations cannot be fully explained by endogenous programming, even with the help of responses to environmental cues. The ability to successfully perform long-distance migrations can probably only be fully explained with an accounting for the cognitive ability of the birds to re... | What do the birds do to successfully perform long distance migration? | {
"answer_start": [
318
],
"text": [
"recognize habitats and form mental maps"
]
} |
5706b8810eeca41400aa0da4 | Bird_migration | The ability of birds to navigate during migrations cannot be fully explained by endogenous programming, even with the help of responses to environmental cues. The ability to successfully perform long-distance migrations can probably only be fully explained with an accounting for the cognitive ability of the birds to re... | What are examples of day migrating raptors? | {
"answer_start": [
411
],
"text": [
"ospreys and honey buzzards"
]
} |
5706baba2eaba6190074ac98 | Bird_migration | Migratory birds may use two electromagnetic tools to find their destinations: one that is entirely innate and another that relies on experience. A young bird on its first migration flies in the correct direction according to the Earth's magnetic field, but does not know how far the journey will be. It does this through... | What two electromagnetic tools do birds use to find their destinations? | {
"answer_start": [
78
],
"text": [
"one that is entirely innate and another that relies on experience"
]
} |
5706baba2eaba6190074ac99 | Bird_migration | Migratory birds may use two electromagnetic tools to find their destinations: one that is entirely innate and another that relies on experience. A young bird on its first migration flies in the correct direction according to the Earth's magnetic field, but does not know how far the journey will be. It does this through... | Where is the neural connection that is active during migration located? | {
"answer_start": [
1135
],
"text": [
"between the eye and \"Cluster N\""
]
} |
5706baba2eaba6190074ac9a | Bird_migration | Migratory birds may use two electromagnetic tools to find their destinations: one that is entirely innate and another that relies on experience. A young bird on its first migration flies in the correct direction according to the Earth's magnetic field, but does not know how far the journey will be. It does this through... | What is Cluster N? | {
"answer_start": [
1168
],
"text": [
"the part of the forebrain that is active during migrational orientation"
]
} |
5706baba2eaba6190074ac9b | Bird_migration | Migratory birds may use two electromagnetic tools to find their destinations: one that is entirely innate and another that relies on experience. A young bird on its first migration flies in the correct direction according to the Earth's magnetic field, but does not know how far the journey will be. It does this through... | What is a young bird on it's first migration compared to? | {
"answer_start": [
601
],
"text": [
"a boy scout with a compass but no map"
]
} |
5706baba2eaba6190074ac9c | Bird_migration | Migratory birds may use two electromagnetic tools to find their destinations: one that is entirely innate and another that relies on experience. A young bird on its first migration flies in the correct direction according to the Earth's magnetic field, but does not know how far the journey will be. It does this through... | How does the magnetic field help the bird at different latitudes? | {
"answer_start": [
1057
],
"text": [
"let it know when it has reached its destination"
]
} |
5706bbd02eaba6190074acb4 | Bird_migration | Migrating birds can lose their way and appear outside their normal ranges. This can be due to flying past their destinations as in the "spring overshoot" in which birds returning to their breeding areas overshoot and end up further north than intended. Certain areas, because of their location, have become famous as wat... | How can migrating birds lose their way? | {
"answer_start": [
94
],
"text": [
"flying past their destinations"
]
} |
5706bbd02eaba6190074acb5 | Bird_migration | Migrating birds can lose their way and appear outside their normal ranges. This can be due to flying past their destinations as in the "spring overshoot" in which birds returning to their breeding areas overshoot and end up further north than intended. Certain areas, because of their location, have become famous as wat... | What is flying past their destinations called? | {
"answer_start": [
136
],
"text": [
"spring overshoot"
]
} |
5706bbd02eaba6190074acb6 | Bird_migration | Migrating birds can lose their way and appear outside their normal ranges. This can be due to flying past their destinations as in the "spring overshoot" in which birds returning to their breeding areas overshoot and end up further north than intended. Certain areas, because of their location, have become famous as wat... | What location has become famous for bird overshooters? | {
"answer_start": [
362
],
"text": [
"Point Pelee National Park"
]
} |
5706bbd02eaba6190074acb7 | Bird_migration | Migrating birds can lose their way and appear outside their normal ranges. This can be due to flying past their destinations as in the "spring overshoot" in which birds returning to their breeding areas overshoot and end up further north than intended. Certain areas, because of their location, have become famous as wat... | What other location is famous for spring overshoot? | {
"answer_start": [
403
],
"text": [
"Spurn in England"
]
} |
5706bbd02eaba6190074acb8 | Bird_migration | Migrating birds can lose their way and appear outside their normal ranges. This can be due to flying past their destinations as in the "spring overshoot" in which birds returning to their breeding areas overshoot and end up further north than intended. Certain areas, because of their location, have become famous as wat... | Where do bird overshooters end up? | {
"answer_start": [
224
],
"text": [
"further north than intended"
]
} |
5706bcd30eeca41400aa0dcb | Bird_migration | Reverse migration, where the genetic programming of young birds fails to work properly, can lead to rarities turning up as vagrants thousands of kilometres out of range. | What is it called when the genetic programing of young birds fail? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Reverse migration"
]
} |
5706bcd30eeca41400aa0dcc | Bird_migration | Reverse migration, where the genetic programming of young birds fails to work properly, can lead to rarities turning up as vagrants thousands of kilometres out of range. | What is reverse migration? | {
"answer_start": [
19
],
"text": [
"where the genetic programming of young birds fails to work properly"
]
} |
5706bcd30eeca41400aa0dcd | Bird_migration | Reverse migration, where the genetic programming of young birds fails to work properly, can lead to rarities turning up as vagrants thousands of kilometres out of range. | What does reverse migration lead to? | {
"answer_start": [
100
],
"text": [
"rarities turning up as vagrants thousands of kilometres out of range"
]
} |
5706bcd30eeca41400aa0dce | Bird_migration | Reverse migration, where the genetic programming of young birds fails to work properly, can lead to rarities turning up as vagrants thousands of kilometres out of range. | How far out of range can rarities get? | {
"answer_start": [
132
],
"text": [
"thousands of kilometres"
]
} |
5706c6190eeca41400aa0e21 | Bird_migration | A related phenomenon called "abmigration" involves birds from one region joining similar birds from a different breeding region in the common winter grounds and then migrating back along with the new population. This is especially common in some waterfowl, which shift from one flyway to another. | What is it called when birds from one region join birds from a different region? | {
"answer_start": [
29
],
"text": [
"abmigration"
]
} |
5706c6190eeca41400aa0e22 | Bird_migration | A related phenomenon called "abmigration" involves birds from one region joining similar birds from a different breeding region in the common winter grounds and then migrating back along with the new population. This is especially common in some waterfowl, which shift from one flyway to another. | What kind of bird is most likely to abmigrate? | {
"answer_start": [
246
],
"text": [
"waterfowl"
]
} |
5706c6190eeca41400aa0e23 | Bird_migration | A related phenomenon called "abmigration" involves birds from one region joining similar birds from a different breeding region in the common winter grounds and then migrating back along with the new population. This is especially common in some waterfowl, which shift from one flyway to another. | Who do abmigrating birds return with? | {
"answer_start": [
192
],
"text": [
"the new population"
]
} |
5706c6bf0eeca41400aa0e27 | Bird_migration | It has been possible to teach a migration route to a flock of birds, for example in re-introduction schemes. After a trial with Canada geese Branta canadensis, microlight aircraft were used in the US to teach safe migration routes to reintroduced whooping cranes Grus americana. | What is a re-introduction scheme? | {
"answer_start": [
21
],
"text": [
"to teach a migration route to a flock of birds"
]
} |
5706c6bf0eeca41400aa0e28 | Bird_migration | It has been possible to teach a migration route to a flock of birds, for example in re-introduction schemes. After a trial with Canada geese Branta canadensis, microlight aircraft were used in the US to teach safe migration routes to reintroduced whooping cranes Grus americana. | What did they use to teach birds a migration route? | {
"answer_start": [
160
],
"text": [
"microlight aircraft"
]
} |
5706c6bf0eeca41400aa0e29 | Bird_migration | It has been possible to teach a migration route to a flock of birds, for example in re-introduction schemes. After a trial with Canada geese Branta canadensis, microlight aircraft were used in the US to teach safe migration routes to reintroduced whooping cranes Grus americana. | Which birds did they reintroduce to the US? | {
"answer_start": [
247
],
"text": [
"whooping cranes"
]
} |
5706c6bf0eeca41400aa0e2a | Bird_migration | It has been possible to teach a migration route to a flock of birds, for example in re-introduction schemes. After a trial with Canada geese Branta canadensis, microlight aircraft were used in the US to teach safe migration routes to reintroduced whooping cranes Grus americana. | Which birds did they use as a trial run? | {
"answer_start": [
128
],
"text": [
"Canada geese"
]
} |
5706c7a52eaba6190074ad02 | Bird_migration | Birds need to alter their metabolism in order to meet the demands of migration. The storage of energy through the accumulation of fat and the control of sleep in nocturnal migrants require special physiological adaptations. In addition, the feathers of a bird suffer from wear-and-tear and require to be molted. The timi... | What do birds need to change to meet the demands of migration? | {
"answer_start": [
20
],
"text": [
"their metabolism"
]
} |
5706c7a52eaba6190074ad03 | Bird_migration | Birds need to alter their metabolism in order to meet the demands of migration. The storage of energy through the accumulation of fat and the control of sleep in nocturnal migrants require special physiological adaptations. In addition, the feathers of a bird suffer from wear-and-tear and require to be molted. The timi... | How often do birds molt? | {
"answer_start": [
338
],
"text": [
"usually once a year"
]
} |
5706c7a52eaba6190074ad04 | Bird_migration | Birds need to alter their metabolism in order to meet the demands of migration. The storage of energy through the accumulation of fat and the control of sleep in nocturnal migrants require special physiological adaptations. In addition, the feathers of a bird suffer from wear-and-tear and require to be molted. The timi... | How do birds store energy? | {
"answer_start": [
102
],
"text": [
"through the accumulation of fat and the control of sleep"
]
} |
5706c7a52eaba6190074ad05 | Bird_migration | Birds need to alter their metabolism in order to meet the demands of migration. The storage of energy through the accumulation of fat and the control of sleep in nocturnal migrants require special physiological adaptations. In addition, the feathers of a bird suffer from wear-and-tear and require to be molted. The timi... | Why do birds need to molt? | {
"answer_start": [
241
],
"text": [
"feathers of a bird suffer from wear-and-tear"
]
} |
5706c7a52eaba6190074ad06 | Bird_migration | Birds need to alter their metabolism in order to meet the demands of migration. The storage of energy through the accumulation of fat and the control of sleep in nocturnal migrants require special physiological adaptations. In addition, the feathers of a bird suffer from wear-and-tear and require to be molted. The timi... | When do birds molt? | {
"answer_start": [
380
],
"text": [
"varies with some species"
]
} |
5706cfe02eaba6190074ad14 | Bird_migration | Migration in birds is highly labile and is believed to have developed independently in many avian lineages. While it is agreed that the behavioral and physiological adaptations necessary for migration are under genetic control, some authors have argued that no genetic change is necessary for migratory behavior to devel... | How was migration developed? | {
"answer_start": [
70
],
"text": [
"independently"
]
} |
5706cfe02eaba6190074ad15 | Bird_migration | Migration in birds is highly labile and is believed to have developed independently in many avian lineages. While it is agreed that the behavioral and physiological adaptations necessary for migration are under genetic control, some authors have argued that no genetic change is necessary for migratory behavior to devel... | What is highly labile? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Migration in birds"
]
} |
5706cfe02eaba6190074ad16 | Bird_migration | Migration in birds is highly labile and is believed to have developed independently in many avian lineages. While it is agreed that the behavioral and physiological adaptations necessary for migration are under genetic control, some authors have argued that no genetic change is necessary for migratory behavior to devel... | What causes the behavioral adaptations necessary for migration? | {
"answer_start": [
211
],
"text": [
"genetic control"
]
} |
5706cfe02eaba6190074ad17 | Bird_migration | Migration in birds is highly labile and is believed to have developed independently in many avian lineages. While it is agreed that the behavioral and physiological adaptations necessary for migration are under genetic control, some authors have argued that no genetic change is necessary for migratory behavior to devel... | What exists in nearly all avian lineages? | {
"answer_start": [
358
],
"text": [
"genetic framework for migratory behavior"
]
} |
5706d7150eeca41400aa0e69 | Bird_migration | Theoretical analyses show that detours that increase flight distance by up to 20% will often be adaptive on aerodynamic grounds - a bird that loads itself with food to cross a long barrier flies less efficiently. However some species show circuitous migratory routes that reflect historical range expansions and are far ... | What percentage increase in flight distance will often be adaptive? | {
"answer_start": [
78
],
"text": [
"20%"
]
} |
5706d7150eeca41400aa0e6a | Bird_migration | Theoretical analyses show that detours that increase flight distance by up to 20% will often be adaptive on aerodynamic grounds - a bird that loads itself with food to cross a long barrier flies less efficiently. However some species show circuitous migratory routes that reflect historical range expansions and are far ... | What kind of bird flies less efficiently? | {
"answer_start": [
130
],
"text": [
"a bird that loads itself with food"
]
} |
5706d7150eeca41400aa0e6b | Bird_migration | Theoretical analyses show that detours that increase flight distance by up to 20% will often be adaptive on aerodynamic grounds - a bird that loads itself with food to cross a long barrier flies less efficiently. However some species show circuitous migratory routes that reflect historical range expansions and are far ... | What type of bird show circuitous migratory routes? | {
"answer_start": [
412
],
"text": [
"Swainson's thrush"
]
} |
5706d7150eeca41400aa0e6c | Bird_migration | Theoretical analyses show that detours that increase flight distance by up to 20% will often be adaptive on aerodynamic grounds - a bird that loads itself with food to cross a long barrier flies less efficiently. However some species show circuitous migratory routes that reflect historical range expansions and are far ... | Where do Swainson's thrush fly from? | {
"answer_start": [
460
],
"text": [
"far east across North America"
]
} |
5706d7962eaba6190074ad30 | Bird_migration | Large scale climatic changes, as have been experienced in the past, are expected to have an effect on the timing of migration. Studies have shown a variety of effects including timing changes in migration, breeding as well as population variations. | What is expected to have an effect on migration timing? | {
"answer_start": [
12
],
"text": [
"climatic changes"
]
} |
5706d7962eaba6190074ad31 | Bird_migration | Large scale climatic changes, as have been experienced in the past, are expected to have an effect on the timing of migration. Studies have shown a variety of effects including timing changes in migration, breeding as well as population variations. | What have studies shown regarding climate change? | {
"answer_start": [
177
],
"text": [
"timing changes in migration"
]
} |
5706d7962eaba6190074ad32 | Bird_migration | Large scale climatic changes, as have been experienced in the past, are expected to have an effect on the timing of migration. Studies have shown a variety of effects including timing changes in migration, breeding as well as population variations. | What else is climate change been shown to change? | {
"answer_start": [
206
],
"text": [
"breeding as well as population variations"
]
} |
5706d83b0eeca41400aa0e71 | Bird_migration | The migration of birds also aids the movement of other species, including those of ectoparasites such as ticks and lice, which in turn may carry micro-organisms including those of concern to human health. Due to the global spread of avian influenza, bird migration has been studied as a possible mechanism of disease tra... | What other species does migration help? | {
"answer_start": [
83
],
"text": [
"ectoparasites such as ticks and lice"
]
} |
5706d83b0eeca41400aa0e72 | Bird_migration | The migration of birds also aids the movement of other species, including those of ectoparasites such as ticks and lice, which in turn may carry micro-organisms including those of concern to human health. Due to the global spread of avian influenza, bird migration has been studied as a possible mechanism of disease tra... | What is a greater threat of disease transmission? | {
"answer_start": [
384
],
"text": [
"import of pet and domestic birds"
]
} |
5706d83b0eeca41400aa0e73 | Bird_migration | The migration of birds also aids the movement of other species, including those of ectoparasites such as ticks and lice, which in turn may carry micro-organisms including those of concern to human health. Due to the global spread of avian influenza, bird migration has been studied as a possible mechanism of disease tra... | What has been studied as a mechanism of disease transmission? | {
"answer_start": [
250
],
"text": [
"bird migration"
]
} |
5706d83b0eeca41400aa0e74 | Bird_migration | The migration of birds also aids the movement of other species, including those of ectoparasites such as ticks and lice, which in turn may carry micro-organisms including those of concern to human health. Due to the global spread of avian influenza, bird migration has been studied as a possible mechanism of disease tra... | What has a role in the dispersal of propagules of plants and plankton? | {
"answer_start": [
574
],
"text": [
"Birds"
]
} |
5706d83b0eeca41400aa0e75 | Bird_migration | The migration of birds also aids the movement of other species, including those of ectoparasites such as ticks and lice, which in turn may carry micro-organisms including those of concern to human health. Due to the global spread of avian influenza, bird migration has been studied as a possible mechanism of disease tra... | What virus is maintained in birds without lethal effects? | {
"answer_start": [
516
],
"text": [
"West Nile Virus"
]
} |
5706d88c0eeca41400aa0e7b | Bird_migration | Some predators take advantage of the concentration of birds during migration. Greater noctule bats feed on nocturnal migrating passerines. Some birds of prey specialize on migrating waders. | Who takes advantage of migrating birds? | {
"answer_start": [
78
],
"text": [
"Greater noctule bats"
]
} |
5706d88c0eeca41400aa0e7c | Bird_migration | Some predators take advantage of the concentration of birds during migration. Greater noctule bats feed on nocturnal migrating passerines. Some birds of prey specialize on migrating waders. | What do greater noctule bats feed on? | {
"answer_start": [
107
],
"text": [
"nocturnal migrating passerines"
]
} |
5706d88c0eeca41400aa0e7d | Bird_migration | Some predators take advantage of the concentration of birds during migration. Greater noctule bats feed on nocturnal migrating passerines. Some birds of prey specialize on migrating waders. | What do some birds of prey specialize on? | {
"answer_start": [
172
],
"text": [
"migrating waders"
]
} |
5706d9820eeca41400aa0e81 | Bird_migration | Bird migration routes have been studied by a variety of techniques including the oldest, marking. Swans have been marked with a nick on the beak since about 1560 in England. Scientific ringing was pioneered by Hans Christian Cornelius Mortensen in 1899. Other techniques include radar and satellite tracking. | What is the oldest way to study migration? | {
"answer_start": [
89
],
"text": [
"marking"
]
} |
5706d9820eeca41400aa0e82 | Bird_migration | Bird migration routes have been studied by a variety of techniques including the oldest, marking. Swans have been marked with a nick on the beak since about 1560 in England. Scientific ringing was pioneered by Hans Christian Cornelius Mortensen in 1899. Other techniques include radar and satellite tracking. | How have swans been marked? | {
"answer_start": [
126
],
"text": [
"a nick on the beak"
]
} |
5706d9820eeca41400aa0e84 | Bird_migration | Bird migration routes have been studied by a variety of techniques including the oldest, marking. Swans have been marked with a nick on the beak since about 1560 in England. Scientific ringing was pioneered by Hans Christian Cornelius Mortensen in 1899. Other techniques include radar and satellite tracking. | Who was scientific ringing pioneered by? | {
"answer_start": [
210
],
"text": [
"Hans Christian Cornelius Mortensen"
]
} |
5706d9820eeca41400aa0e83 | Bird_migration | Bird migration routes have been studied by a variety of techniques including the oldest, marking. Swans have been marked with a nick on the beak since about 1560 in England. Scientific ringing was pioneered by Hans Christian Cornelius Mortensen in 1899. Other techniques include radar and satellite tracking. | Since when have swans been marked? | {
"answer_start": [
157
],
"text": [
"1560"
]
} |
5706d9820eeca41400aa0e85 | Bird_migration | Bird migration routes have been studied by a variety of techniques including the oldest, marking. Swans have been marked with a nick on the beak since about 1560 in England. Scientific ringing was pioneered by Hans Christian Cornelius Mortensen in 1899. Other techniques include radar and satellite tracking. | What are other forms of studying migration? | {
"answer_start": [
279
],
"text": [
"radar and satellite tracking"
]
} |
5706f6a190286e26004fc76d | Bird_migration | Orientation behaviour studies have been traditionally carried out using variants of a setup known as the Emlen funnel, which consists of a circular cage with the top covered by glass or wire-screen so that either the sky is visible or the setup is placed in a planetarium or with other controls on environmental cues. Th... | How are orientation behavior studies traditionally carried out? | {
"answer_start": [
101
],
"text": [
"the Emlen funnel"
]
} |
5706f6a190286e26004fc76e | Bird_migration | Orientation behaviour studies have been traditionally carried out using variants of a setup known as the Emlen funnel, which consists of a circular cage with the top covered by glass or wire-screen so that either the sky is visible or the setup is placed in a planetarium or with other controls on environmental cues. Th... | What shape is the cage in the Emlen funnel? | {
"answer_start": [
139
],
"text": [
"circular"
]
} |
5706f6a190286e26004fc76f | Bird_migration | Orientation behaviour studies have been traditionally carried out using variants of a setup known as the Emlen funnel, which consists of a circular cage with the top covered by glass or wire-screen so that either the sky is visible or the setup is placed in a planetarium or with other controls on environmental cues. Th... | What is studied quantitatively inside the cage? | {
"answer_start": [
318
],
"text": [
"The orientation behaviour"
]
} |
5706f6a190286e26004fc770 | Bird_migration | Orientation behaviour studies have been traditionally carried out using variants of a setup known as the Emlen funnel, which consists of a circular cage with the top covered by glass or wire-screen so that either the sky is visible or the setup is placed in a planetarium or with other controls on environmental cues. Th... | What does the bird leave on the walls of the cage? | {
"answer_start": [
424
],
"text": [
"marks"
]
} |
5706f6a190286e26004fc771 | Bird_migration | Orientation behaviour studies have been traditionally carried out using variants of a setup known as the Emlen funnel, which consists of a circular cage with the top covered by glass or wire-screen so that either the sky is visible or the setup is placed in a planetarium or with other controls on environmental cues. Th... | Where does the homing pigeon vanish? | {
"answer_start": [
577
],
"text": [
"on the horizon"
]
} |
5706fac590286e26004fc791 | Bird_migration | Hunting along migration routes threatens some bird species. The populations of Siberian cranes (Leucogeranus leucogeranus) that wintered in India declined due to hunting along the route, particularly in Afghanistan and Central Asia. Birds were last seen in their favourite wintering grounds in Keoladeo National Park in ... | What threatens some bird species? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Hunting along migration routes"
]
} |
5706fac590286e26004fc792 | Bird_migration | Hunting along migration routes threatens some bird species. The populations of Siberian cranes (Leucogeranus leucogeranus) that wintered in India declined due to hunting along the route, particularly in Afghanistan and Central Asia. Birds were last seen in their favourite wintering grounds in Keoladeo National Park in ... | What species declined due to hunting in Afghanistand and Asia? | {
"answer_start": [
79
],
"text": [
"Siberian cranes"
]
} |
5706fac590286e26004fc793 | Bird_migration | Hunting along migration routes threatens some bird species. The populations of Siberian cranes (Leucogeranus leucogeranus) that wintered in India declined due to hunting along the route, particularly in Afghanistan and Central Asia. Birds were last seen in their favourite wintering grounds in Keoladeo National Park in ... | When were birds last seen in Keoladeo National Park? | {
"answer_start": [
320
],
"text": [
"2002"
]
} |
5706fac590286e26004fc794 | Bird_migration | Hunting along migration routes threatens some bird species. The populations of Siberian cranes (Leucogeranus leucogeranus) that wintered in India declined due to hunting along the route, particularly in Afghanistan and Central Asia. Birds were last seen in their favourite wintering grounds in Keoladeo National Park in ... | What can power lines, wind farms and oil rigs affect? | {
"answer_start": [
422
],
"text": [
"migratory birds"
]
} |
5706fac590286e26004fc795 | Bird_migration | Hunting along migration routes threatens some bird species. The populations of Siberian cranes (Leucogeranus leucogeranus) that wintered in India declined due to hunting along the route, particularly in Afghanistan and Central Asia. Birds were last seen in their favourite wintering grounds in Keoladeo National Park in ... | What are other migration hazards? | {
"answer_start": [
471
],
"text": [
"pollution, storms, wildfires, and habitat destruction"
]
} |
5706070375f01819005e78a4 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | It is on Absecon Island, on the Atlantic coast. Atlantic City was incorporated on May 1, 1854, from portions of Egg Harbor Township and Galloway Township. The city borders Absecon, Brigantine, Pleasantville, Ventnor City and West Atlantic City. | What is the name of the island on which Atlantic City is located? | {
"answer_start": [
9
],
"text": [
"Absecon Island"
]
} |
5706070375f01819005e78a5 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | It is on Absecon Island, on the Atlantic coast. Atlantic City was incorporated on May 1, 1854, from portions of Egg Harbor Township and Galloway Township. The city borders Absecon, Brigantine, Pleasantville, Ventnor City and West Atlantic City. | In what year was Atlantic City incorporated? | {
"answer_start": [
89
],
"text": [
"1854"
]
} |
5706070375f01819005e78a6 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | It is on Absecon Island, on the Atlantic coast. Atlantic City was incorporated on May 1, 1854, from portions of Egg Harbor Township and Galloway Township. The city borders Absecon, Brigantine, Pleasantville, Ventnor City and West Atlantic City. | What are the names of the two townships that became part of Atlantic City when it was incorporated? | {
"answer_start": [
112
],
"text": [
"Egg Harbor Township and Galloway Township"
]
} |
5706070375f01819005e78a7 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | It is on Absecon Island, on the Atlantic coast. Atlantic City was incorporated on May 1, 1854, from portions of Egg Harbor Township and Galloway Township. The city borders Absecon, Brigantine, Pleasantville, Ventnor City and West Atlantic City. | How many other towns share a border with Atlantic City? | {
"answer_start": [
172
],
"text": [
"Absecon, Brigantine, Pleasantville, Ventnor City and West Atlantic City"
]
} |
5706070375f01819005e78a8 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | It is on Absecon Island, on the Atlantic coast. Atlantic City was incorporated on May 1, 1854, from portions of Egg Harbor Township and Galloway Township. The city borders Absecon, Brigantine, Pleasantville, Ventnor City and West Atlantic City. | Which coast is Atlantic City located on? | {
"answer_start": [
32
],
"text": [
"Atlantic"
]
} |
5706099a52bb8914006897e8 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | Because of its location in South Jersey, hugging the Atlantic Ocean between marshlands and islands, Atlantic City was viewed by developers as prime real estate and a potential resort town. In 1853, the first commercial hotel, The Belloe House, located at Massachusetts and Atlantic Avenue, was built. | What is the name of the first commercial hotel built in Atlantic City? | {
"answer_start": [
226
],
"text": [
"The Belloe House"
]
} |
5706099a52bb8914006897e9 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | Because of its location in South Jersey, hugging the Atlantic Ocean between marshlands and islands, Atlantic City was viewed by developers as prime real estate and a potential resort town. In 1853, the first commercial hotel, The Belloe House, located at Massachusetts and Atlantic Avenue, was built. | In what year was the first commercial hotel built in Atlantic City? | {
"answer_start": [
192
],
"text": [
"1853"
]
} |
5706099a52bb8914006897ea | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | Because of its location in South Jersey, hugging the Atlantic Ocean between marshlands and islands, Atlantic City was viewed by developers as prime real estate and a potential resort town. In 1853, the first commercial hotel, The Belloe House, located at Massachusetts and Atlantic Avenue, was built. | What are the names of the two avenues at which The Belloe House is located? | {
"answer_start": [
255
],
"text": [
"Massachusetts and Atlantic Avenue"
]
} |
5706099a52bb8914006897eb | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | Because of its location in South Jersey, hugging the Atlantic Ocean between marshlands and islands, Atlantic City was viewed by developers as prime real estate and a potential resort town. In 1853, the first commercial hotel, The Belloe House, located at Massachusetts and Atlantic Avenue, was built. | What are the two geographical features that Atlantic City is located between? | {
"answer_start": [
76
],
"text": [
"marshlands and islands"
]
} |
5706099a52bb8914006897ec | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | Because of its location in South Jersey, hugging the Atlantic Ocean between marshlands and islands, Atlantic City was viewed by developers as prime real estate and a potential resort town. In 1853, the first commercial hotel, The Belloe House, located at Massachusetts and Atlantic Avenue, was built. | What were the two potential aspects of Atlantic City that originally attracted developers? | {
"answer_start": [
142
],
"text": [
"prime real estate and a potential resort town"
]
} |
57060b8852bb8914006897ff | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | The city was incorporated in 1854, the same year in which the Camden and Atlantic Railroad train service began. Built on the edge of the bay, this served as the direct link of this remote parcel of land with Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. That same year, construction of the Absecon Lighthouse, designed by George Meade of ... | What other US city was linked to Atlantic City by the Camden and Atlantic Railroad train service? | {
"answer_start": [
208
],
"text": [
"Philadelphia"
]
} |
57060b8852bb891400689800 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | The city was incorporated in 1854, the same year in which the Camden and Atlantic Railroad train service began. Built on the edge of the bay, this served as the direct link of this remote parcel of land with Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. That same year, construction of the Absecon Lighthouse, designed by George Meade of ... | By 1874, how many passengers were coming to Atlantic City by rail each year? | {
"answer_start": [
423
],
"text": [
"500,000"
]
} |
57060b8852bb891400689801 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | The city was incorporated in 1854, the same year in which the Camden and Atlantic Railroad train service began. Built on the edge of the bay, this served as the direct link of this remote parcel of land with Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. That same year, construction of the Absecon Lighthouse, designed by George Meade of ... | What is the name of the lighthouse that is located on the Atlantic City coast? | {
"answer_start": [
272
],
"text": [
"Absecon Lighthouse"
]
} |
57060b8852bb891400689802 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | The city was incorporated in 1854, the same year in which the Camden and Atlantic Railroad train service began. Built on the edge of the bay, this served as the direct link of this remote parcel of land with Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. That same year, construction of the Absecon Lighthouse, designed by George Meade of ... | Who is considered to be "Atlantic City's Godfather?" | {
"answer_start": [
592
],
"text": [
"Nelson Johnson"
]
} |
57060d1275f01819005e78fc | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | The first boardwalk was built in 1870 along a portion of the beach in an effort to help hotel owners keep sand out of their lobbies. Businesses were restricted and the boardwalk was removed each year at the end of the peak season. Because of its effectiveness and popularity, the boardwalk was expanded in length and wid... | In what year was the first boardwalk built in Atlantic City? | {
"answer_start": [
33
],
"text": [
"1870"
]
} |
57060d1275f01819005e78fd | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | The first boardwalk was built in 1870 along a portion of the beach in an effort to help hotel owners keep sand out of their lobbies. Businesses were restricted and the boardwalk was removed each year at the end of the peak season. Because of its effectiveness and popularity, the boardwalk was expanded in length and wid... | Why was the first boardwalk built in Atlantic City? | {
"answer_start": [
80
],
"text": [
"to help hotel owners keep sand out of their lobbies"
]
} |
57060d1275f01819005e78fe | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | The first boardwalk was built in 1870 along a portion of the beach in an effort to help hotel owners keep sand out of their lobbies. Businesses were restricted and the boardwalk was removed each year at the end of the peak season. Because of its effectiveness and popularity, the boardwalk was expanded in length and wid... | What year was the Great Atlantic Hurricane? | {
"answer_start": [
433
],
"text": [
"1944"
]
} |
57060d1275f01819005e78ff | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | The first boardwalk was built in 1870 along a portion of the beach in an effort to help hotel owners keep sand out of their lobbies. Businesses were restricted and the boardwalk was removed each year at the end of the peak season. Because of its effectiveness and popularity, the boardwalk was expanded in length and wid... | What was the historic length of the boardwalk before the Great Atlantic Hurricane? | {
"answer_start": [
468
],
"text": [
"about 7 miles"
]
} |
57060d1275f01819005e7900 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | The first boardwalk was built in 1870 along a portion of the beach in an effort to help hotel owners keep sand out of their lobbies. Businesses were restricted and the boardwalk was removed each year at the end of the peak season. Because of its effectiveness and popularity, the boardwalk was expanded in length and wid... | Before the Great Atlantic Hurricane the boardwalk extended from Atlantic City to what other city? | {
"answer_start": [
528
],
"text": [
"Longport"
]
} |
57060ece75f01819005e791a | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | The first road connecting the city to the mainland at Pleasantville was completed in 1870 and charged a 30-cent toll. Albany Avenue was the first road to the mainland that was available without a toll. | The first road connected Atlantic City to which mainland town? | {
"answer_start": [
54
],
"text": [
"Pleasantville"
]
} |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.