id
stringlengths
24
24
title
stringclasses
442 values
context
stringlengths
151
3.71k
question
stringlengths
12
270
answers
dict
5706ef6c9e06ca38007e9228
Letter_case
Similar developments have taken place in other alphabets. The lower-case script for the Greek alphabet has its origins in the 7th century and acquired its quadrilinear form in the 8th century. Over time, uncial letter forms were increasingly mixed into the script. The earliest dated Greek lower-case text is the Uspensk...
Which year is the earliest dated Greek lower-case text?
{ "answer_start": [ 351 ], "text": [ "835" ] }
5706ef6c9e06ca38007e9229
Letter_case
Similar developments have taken place in other alphabets. The lower-case script for the Greek alphabet has its origins in the 7th century and acquired its quadrilinear form in the 8th century. Over time, uncial letter forms were increasingly mixed into the script. The earliest dated Greek lower-case text is the Uspensk...
In which literature is the earliest dated Greek lower-case text?
{ "answer_start": [ 313 ], "text": [ "Uspenski Gospels" ] }
5706f38e9e06ca38007e9239
Letter_case
In orthography and typography, letter case (or just case) is the distinction between the letters that are in larger upper case (also capital letters, capitals, caps, large letters, or more formally majuscule, see Terminology) and smaller lower case (also small letters, or more formally minuscule, see Terminology) in th...
In orthography and typography, what is the distinction between the letters that are in larger upper case and lower upper case
{ "answer_start": [ 31 ], "text": [ "letter case" ] }
5706f38e9e06ca38007e923a
Letter_case
In orthography and typography, letter case (or just case) is the distinction between the letters that are in larger upper case (also capital letters, capitals, caps, large letters, or more formally majuscule, see Terminology) and smaller lower case (also small letters, or more formally minuscule, see Terminology) in th...
Minuscule is a term uses to describe which case of letter?
{ "answer_start": [ 230 ], "text": [ "smaller lower" ] }
5706f38e9e06ca38007e923b
Letter_case
In orthography and typography, letter case (or just case) is the distinction between the letters that are in larger upper case (also capital letters, capitals, caps, large letters, or more formally majuscule, see Terminology) and smaller lower case (also small letters, or more formally minuscule, see Terminology) in th...
Capital letters refer to which case of letter?
{ "answer_start": [ 109 ], "text": [ "larger upper" ] }
5706f38e9e06ca38007e923c
Letter_case
In orthography and typography, letter case (or just case) is the distinction between the letters that are in larger upper case (also capital letters, capitals, caps, large letters, or more formally majuscule, see Terminology) and smaller lower case (also small letters, or more formally minuscule, see Terminology) in th...
Letter case is used to distinction betweem lowercase and uppercase letter in which common representation of certain languages?
{ "answer_start": [ 322 ], "text": [ "written" ] }
5706f5309e06ca38007e9249
Letter_case
Capitalisation in English, in terms of the general orthographic rules independent of context (e.g. title vs. heading vs. text), is universally standardized for formal writing. (Informal communication, such as texting, instant messaging or a handwritten sticky note, may not bother, but that is because its users usually ...
Capitalization in English is universally standardized for which type of writing?
{ "answer_start": [ 160 ], "text": [ "formal" ] }
5706f5309e06ca38007e924a
Letter_case
Capitalisation in English, in terms of the general orthographic rules independent of context (e.g. title vs. heading vs. text), is universally standardized for formal writing. (Informal communication, such as texting, instant messaging or a handwritten sticky note, may not bother, but that is because its users usually ...
In English the first letter of a sentence is which type of letter?
{ "answer_start": [ 364 ], "text": [ "capital" ] }
5706f5309e06ca38007e924b
Letter_case
Capitalisation in English, in terms of the general orthographic rules independent of context (e.g. title vs. heading vs. text), is universally standardized for formal writing. (Informal communication, such as texting, instant messaging or a handwritten sticky note, may not bother, but that is because its users usually ...
What is capitalization commonly use to indicate in poetry independent of any grammatical feature?
{ "answer_start": [ 1105 ], "text": [ "beginning of a line of verse" ] }
5706f5309e06ca38007e924c
Letter_case
Capitalisation in English, in terms of the general orthographic rules independent of context (e.g. title vs. heading vs. text), is universally standardized for formal writing. (Informal communication, such as texting, instant messaging or a handwritten sticky note, may not bother, but that is because its users usually ...
How is the first letter of a first-person pronoun handled mid sentence in English?
{ "answer_start": [ 647 ], "text": [ "capitalised" ] }
5706f5309e06ca38007e924d
Letter_case
Capitalisation in English, in terms of the general orthographic rules independent of context (e.g. title vs. heading vs. text), is universally standardized for formal writing. (Informal communication, such as texting, instant messaging or a handwritten sticky note, may not bother, but that is because its users usually ...
The interjection "O" has been replaced by which more common and preferred word in English?
{ "answer_start": [ 777 ], "text": [ "oh" ] }
5706f6a790286e26004fc777
Letter_case
Originally alphabets were written entirely in majuscule letters, spaced between well-defined upper and lower bounds. When written quickly with a pen, these tended to turn into rounder and much simpler forms. It is from these that the first minuscule hands developed, the half-uncials and cursive minuscule, which no long...
Originally alphabets were written entirely in which type of letter?
{ "answer_start": [ 46 ], "text": [ "majuscule" ] }
5706f6a790286e26004fc778
Letter_case
Originally alphabets were written entirely in majuscule letters, spaced between well-defined upper and lower bounds. When written quickly with a pen, these tended to turn into rounder and much simpler forms. It is from these that the first minuscule hands developed, the half-uncials and cursive minuscule, which no long...
Rounder and simpler forms of letters came from writing quickly with which instrument?
{ "answer_start": [ 145 ], "text": [ "pen" ] }
5706f6a790286e26004fc779
Letter_case
Originally alphabets were written entirely in majuscule letters, spaced between well-defined upper and lower bounds. When written quickly with a pen, these tended to turn into rounder and much simpler forms. It is from these that the first minuscule hands developed, the half-uncials and cursive minuscule, which no long...
Who developed the Carolingian minuscule script for handwriting?
{ "answer_start": [ 449 ], "text": [ "Alcuin" ] }
5706f6a790286e26004fc77a
Letter_case
Originally alphabets were written entirely in majuscule letters, spaced between well-defined upper and lower bounds. When written quickly with a pen, these tended to turn into rounder and much simpler forms. It is from these that the first minuscule hands developed, the half-uncials and cursive minuscule, which no long...
Carolingian minuscule script quickly spread across which continent?
{ "answer_start": [ 521 ], "text": [ "Europe" ] }
5706f6a790286e26004fc77b
Letter_case
Originally alphabets were written entirely in majuscule letters, spaced between well-defined upper and lower bounds. When written quickly with a pen, these tended to turn into rounder and much simpler forms. It is from these that the first minuscule hands developed, the half-uncials and cursive minuscule, which no long...
What is a common advantage of miniscule over majuscule handwriting?
{ "answer_start": [ 589 ], "text": [ "faster readability" ] }
570700329e06ca38007e9297
Letter_case
Letter case is often prescribed by the grammar of a language or by the conventions of a particular discipline. In orthography, the uppercase is primarily reserved for special purposes, such as the first letter of a sentence or of a proper noun, which makes the lowercase the more common variant in text. In mathematics, ...
What is often prescribed by the grammar of a language or by conventions of a particular discipline?
{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "Letter case" ] }
570700329e06ca38007e9298
Letter_case
Letter case is often prescribed by the grammar of a language or by the conventions of a particular discipline. In orthography, the uppercase is primarily reserved for special purposes, such as the first letter of a sentence or of a proper noun, which makes the lowercase the more common variant in text. In mathematics, ...
Which kind of purpose is uppercase reserved for in orthography?
{ "answer_start": [ 167 ], "text": [ "special" ] }
570700329e06ca38007e9299
Letter_case
Letter case is often prescribed by the grammar of a language or by the conventions of a particular discipline. In orthography, the uppercase is primarily reserved for special purposes, such as the first letter of a sentence or of a proper noun, which makes the lowercase the more common variant in text. In mathematics, ...
Which is the most common variant of case in text?
{ "answer_start": [ 261 ], "text": [ "lowercase" ] }
570700329e06ca38007e929a
Letter_case
Letter case is often prescribed by the grammar of a language or by the conventions of a particular discipline. In orthography, the uppercase is primarily reserved for special purposes, such as the first letter of a sentence or of a proper noun, which makes the lowercase the more common variant in text. In mathematics, ...
Engineering design drawings typically utiilze which case of letter in labeling?
{ "answer_start": [ 559 ], "text": [ "upper-case" ] }
570700329e06ca38007e929b
Letter_case
Letter case is often prescribed by the grammar of a language or by the conventions of a particular discipline. In orthography, the uppercase is primarily reserved for special purposes, such as the first letter of a sentence or of a proper noun, which makes the lowercase the more common variant in text. In mathematics, ...
Why are uppercase letters preferred often times when space is restricted?
{ "answer_start": [ 589 ], "text": [ "easier to distinguish than lowercase" ] }
570702a89e06ca38007e92a9
Letter_case
Typographically, the basic difference between the majuscules and minuscules is not that the majuscules are big and minuscules small, but that the majuscules generally have the same height. The height of the minuscules varies, as some of them have parts higher or lower than the average, i.e. ascenders and descenders. In...
Who do majuscules have which distinguish themselves from minuscules?
{ "answer_start": [ 157 ], "text": [ "generally have the same height" ] }
570702a89e06ca38007e92aa
Letter_case
Typographically, the basic difference between the majuscules and minuscules is not that the majuscules are big and minuscules small, but that the majuscules generally have the same height. The height of the minuscules varies, as some of them have parts higher or lower than the average, i.e. ascenders and descenders. In...
In Time New Roman the letter "b" would be consider which type of letter based on whether it is above or below average height?
{ "answer_start": [ 394 ], "text": [ "ascenders" ] }
570702a89e06ca38007e92ab
Letter_case
Typographically, the basic difference between the majuscules and minuscules is not that the majuscules are big and minuscules small, but that the majuscules generally have the same height. The height of the minuscules varies, as some of them have parts higher or lower than the average, i.e. ascenders and descenders. In...
Descending letters tend to have a part which falls where relative to the average height of a letter?
{ "answer_start": [ 263 ], "text": [ "lower than the average" ] }
570702a89e06ca38007e92ac
Letter_case
Typographically, the basic difference between the majuscules and minuscules is not that the majuscules are big and minuscules small, but that the majuscules generally have the same height. The height of the minuscules varies, as some of them have parts higher or lower than the average, i.e. ascenders and descenders. In...
Besides the number 6, which number makes of the ascender set in some traditional or classical fonts?
{ "answer_start": [ 609 ], "text": [ "8" ] }
5707044d90286e26004fc7f3
Letter_case
Most Western languages (particularly those with writing systems based on the Latin, Cyrillic, Greek, Coptic, and Armenian alphabets) use letter cases in their written form as an aid to clarity. Scripts using two separate cases are also called bicameral scripts. Many other writing systems make no distinction between maj...
What do most Western languages use in their written form to add clarity?
{ "answer_start": [ 137 ], "text": [ "letter cases" ] }
5707044d90286e26004fc7f4
Letter_case
Most Western languages (particularly those with writing systems based on the Latin, Cyrillic, Greek, Coptic, and Armenian alphabets) use letter cases in their written form as an aid to clarity. Scripts using two separate cases are also called bicameral scripts. Many other writing systems make no distinction between maj...
What are writing systems which make no distinction between majuscales and minuscules often referred to as?
{ "answer_start": [ 361 ], "text": [ "unicameral script" ] }
5707044d90286e26004fc7f5
Letter_case
Most Western languages (particularly those with writing systems based on the Latin, Cyrillic, Greek, Coptic, and Armenian alphabets) use letter cases in their written form as an aid to clarity. Scripts using two separate cases are also called bicameral scripts. Many other writing systems make no distinction between maj...
Which alphabet is a special case because it transitioned from bicameral to unicameral?
{ "answer_start": [ 457 ], "text": [ "Georgian" ] }
5707044d90286e26004fc7f6
Letter_case
Most Western languages (particularly those with writing systems based on the Latin, Cyrillic, Greek, Coptic, and Armenian alphabets) use letter cases in their written form as an aid to clarity. Scripts using two separate cases are also called bicameral scripts. Many other writing systems make no distinction between maj...
What are scripts that utilized two seperate cases called?
{ "answer_start": [ 243 ], "text": [ "bicameral" ] }
5707066b9e06ca38007e92b1
Letter_case
In Latin, papyri from Herculaneum dating before 79 AD (when it was destroyed) have been found that have been written in old Roman cursive, where the early forms of minuscule letters "d", "h" and "r", for example, can already be recognised. According to papyrologist Knut Kleve, "The theory, then, that the lower-case let...
Papyri from Herculaneum dating before 79 AD have been to to be written in which hand writing?
{ "answer_start": [ 120 ], "text": [ "old Roman cursive" ] }
5707066b9e06ca38007e92b2
Letter_case
In Latin, papyri from Herculaneum dating before 79 AD (when it was destroyed) have been found that have been written in old Roman cursive, where the early forms of minuscule letters "d", "h" and "r", for example, can already be recognised. According to papyrologist Knut Kleve, "The theory, then, that the lower-case let...
Whicy papyrologist theorized lowercase letter actually developed from the fifth century uncials?
{ "answer_start": [ 266 ], "text": [ "Knut Kleve" ] }
5707066b9e06ca38007e92b3
Letter_case
In Latin, papyri from Herculaneum dating before 79 AD (when it was destroyed) have been found that have been written in old Roman cursive, where the early forms of minuscule letters "d", "h" and "r", for example, can already be recognised. According to papyrologist Knut Kleve, "The theory, then, that the lower-case let...
Which continents languages with few exceptions generally did not utilize case distinction until about the year 1300?
{ "answer_start": [ 730 ], "text": [ "Europe" ] }
5707066b9e06ca38007e92b4
Letter_case
In Latin, papyri from Herculaneum dating before 79 AD (when it was destroyed) have been found that have been written in old Roman cursive, where the early forms of minuscule letters "d", "h" and "r", for example, can already be recognised. According to papyrologist Knut Kleve, "The theory, then, that the lower-case let...
What was the initial difference between majuscule and minuscule letters?
{ "answer_start": [ 545 ], "text": [ "stylistic" ] }
5707066b9e06ca38007e92b5
Letter_case
In Latin, papyri from Herculaneum dating before 79 AD (when it was destroyed) have been found that have been written in old Roman cursive, where the early forms of minuscule letters "d", "h" and "r", for example, can already be recognised. According to papyrologist Knut Kleve, "The theory, then, that the lower-case let...
Which type of document was general unicameral because the writer used one type of writing but not another?
{ "answer_start": [ 643 ], "text": [ "handwritten" ] }
5707093790286e26004fc835
Letter_case
As regards publication titles it is, however, a common typographic practice among both British and U.S. publishers to capitalise significant words (and in the United States, this is often applied to headings, too). This family of typographic conventions is usually called title case. For example, R. M. Ritter's Oxford M...
What is capitalization of significant words applied to in the United States besides titles?
{ "answer_start": [ 199 ], "text": [ "headings" ] }
5707093790286e26004fc836
Letter_case
As regards publication titles it is, however, a common typographic practice among both British and U.S. publishers to capitalise significant words (and in the United States, this is often applied to headings, too). This family of typographic conventions is usually called title case. For example, R. M. Ritter's Oxford M...
Capitalization of significant words refers to which family of typographic conventions?
{ "answer_start": [ 272 ], "text": [ "title case" ] }
5707093790286e26004fc837
Letter_case
As regards publication titles it is, however, a common typographic practice among both British and U.S. publishers to capitalise significant words (and in the United States, this is often applied to headings, too). This family of typographic conventions is usually called title case. For example, R. M. Ritter's Oxford M...
Which book of literature standards suggests capitalizing the first word and all nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs?
{ "answer_start": [ 297 ], "text": [ "R. M. Ritter's Oxford Manual of Style" ] }
5707093790286e26004fc838
Letter_case
As regards publication titles it is, however, a common typographic practice among both British and U.S. publishers to capitalise significant words (and in the United States, this is often applied to headings, too). This family of typographic conventions is usually called title case. For example, R. M. Ritter's Oxford M...
The use of bold fonts and capilization in titles falls under which unusual grammatical distinction?
{ "answer_start": [ 740 ], "text": [ "not universally standardized" ] }
57070ba69e06ca38007e9309
Letter_case
As briefly discussed in Unicode Technical Note #26, "In terms of implementation issues, any attempt at a unification of Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic would wreak havoc [and] make casing operations an unholy mess, in effect making all casing operations context sensitive […]". In other words, while the shapes of letters lik...
Attempts to unify Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic would create which sort of problems?
{ "answer_start": [ 171 ], "text": [ "make casing operations an unholy mess" ] }
57070ba69e06ca38007e930a
Letter_case
As briefly discussed in Unicode Technical Note #26, "In terms of implementation issues, any attempt at a unification of Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic would wreak havoc [and] make casing operations an unholy mess, in effect making all casing operations context sensitive […]". In other words, while the shapes of letters lik...
What among many common letters is shared between Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic?
{ "answer_start": [ 299 ], "text": [ "shapes" ] }
57070ba69e06ca38007e930b
Letter_case
As briefly discussed in Unicode Technical Note #26, "In terms of implementation issues, any attempt at a unification of Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic would wreak havoc [and] make casing operations an unholy mess, in effect making all casing operations context sensitive […]". In other words, while the shapes of letters lik...
What would be problematic for a multilingual character set or font to provide?
{ "answer_start": [ 622 ], "text": [ "single codepoint" ] }
57070ba69e06ca38007e930c
Letter_case
As briefly discussed in Unicode Technical Note #26, "In terms of implementation issues, any attempt at a unification of Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic would wreak havoc [and] make casing operations an unholy mess, in effect making all casing operations context sensitive […]". In other words, while the shapes of letters lik...
What distinguishes Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic from one another?
{ "answer_start": [ 1105 ], "text": [ "sets of symbols" ] }
57070ba69e06ca38007e930d
Letter_case
As briefly discussed in Unicode Technical Note #26, "In terms of implementation issues, any attempt at a unification of Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic would wreak havoc [and] make casing operations an unholy mess, in effect making all casing operations context sensitive […]". In other words, while the shapes of letters lik...
Although there are challenges a unified European alphabet is feasible even in the absence of which common language rule?
{ "answer_start": [ 878 ], "text": [ "letter case" ] }
5707070890286e26004fc805
Chihuahua_(state)
During the 14th century in the northeastern part of the state nomad tribes by the name of Jornado hunted bison along the Rio Grande; they left numerous rock paintings throughout the northeastern part of the state. When the Spanish explorers reached this area they found their descendants, Suma and Manso tribes. In the s...
What was the name of the nomad tribes that hunted bison?
{ "answer_start": [ 90 ], "text": [ "Jornado" ] }
5707070890286e26004fc806
Chihuahua_(state)
During the 14th century in the northeastern part of the state nomad tribes by the name of Jornado hunted bison along the Rio Grande; they left numerous rock paintings throughout the northeastern part of the state. When the Spanish explorers reached this area they found their descendants, Suma and Manso tribes. In the s...
Along which river did they hunt bison?
{ "answer_start": [ 121 ], "text": [ "Rio Grande" ] }
5707070890286e26004fc807
Chihuahua_(state)
During the 14th century in the northeastern part of the state nomad tribes by the name of Jornado hunted bison along the Rio Grande; they left numerous rock paintings throughout the northeastern part of the state. When the Spanish explorers reached this area they found their descendants, Suma and Manso tribes. In the s...
How did the Chichimeca survive?
{ "answer_start": [ 412 ], "text": [ "hunting, gathering, and farming" ] }
5707070890286e26004fc808
Chihuahua_(state)
During the 14th century in the northeastern part of the state nomad tribes by the name of Jornado hunted bison along the Rio Grande; they left numerous rock paintings throughout the northeastern part of the state. When the Spanish explorers reached this area they found their descendants, Suma and Manso tribes. In the s...
The Chichimeca are the ancestors of what people?
{ "answer_start": [ 509 ], "text": [ "Tepehuan" ] }
5707070890286e26004fc809
Chihuahua_(state)
During the 14th century in the northeastern part of the state nomad tribes by the name of Jornado hunted bison along the Rio Grande; they left numerous rock paintings throughout the northeastern part of the state. When the Spanish explorers reached this area they found their descendants, Suma and Manso tribes. In the s...
The Jornado painted onto what surface?
{ "answer_start": [ 152 ], "text": [ "rock" ] }
5707083f90286e26004fc821
Chihuahua_(state)
During the Napoleonic Occupation of Spain, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, a Catholic priest of progressive ideas, declared Mexican independence in the small town of Dolores, Guanajuato on September 16, 1810 with a proclamation known as the "Grito de Dolores". Hidalgo built a large support among intellectuals, liberal pries...
What was the name of the town in which Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla declared independence?
{ "answer_start": [ 161 ], "text": [ "Dolores" ] }
5707083f90286e26004fc822
Chihuahua_(state)
During the Napoleonic Occupation of Spain, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, a Catholic priest of progressive ideas, declared Mexican independence in the small town of Dolores, Guanajuato on September 16, 1810 with a proclamation known as the "Grito de Dolores". Hidalgo built a large support among intellectuals, liberal pries...
What was the name of the Proclamation?
{ "answer_start": [ 237 ], "text": [ "Grito de Dolores" ] }
5707083f90286e26004fc823
Chihuahua_(state)
During the Napoleonic Occupation of Spain, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, a Catholic priest of progressive ideas, declared Mexican independence in the small town of Dolores, Guanajuato on September 16, 1810 with a proclamation known as the "Grito de Dolores". Hidalgo built a large support among intellectuals, liberal pries...
What was Hidalgo's occupation?
{ "answer_start": [ 81 ], "text": [ "priest" ] }
5707083f90286e26004fc824
Chihuahua_(state)
During the Napoleonic Occupation of Spain, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, a Catholic priest of progressive ideas, declared Mexican independence in the small town of Dolores, Guanajuato on September 16, 1810 with a proclamation known as the "Grito de Dolores". Hidalgo built a large support among intellectuals, liberal pries...
What was the name of the royalist who captured Hidalgo?
{ "answer_start": [ 1057 ], "text": [ "Ignacio Elizondo" ] }
5707083f90286e26004fc825
Chihuahua_(state)
During the Napoleonic Occupation of Spain, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, a Catholic priest of progressive ideas, declared Mexican independence in the small town of Dolores, Guanajuato on September 16, 1810 with a proclamation known as the "Grito de Dolores". Hidalgo built a large support among intellectuals, liberal pries...
Which country had Hidalgo attempted to reach to gain support?
{ "answer_start": [ 749 ], "text": [ "United States" ] }
57070a329e06ca38007e92e3
Chihuahua_(state)
At a convention of citizens called to select a new provisional ruler, Gutierrez obtained the vote, with P. J. Escalante for his deputy, and a council to guide the administration. Santa Anna ordered the reinstatement of Mendarozqueta as comandante general. Gutiérrez yielded, but Escalante refused to surrender office, de...
Who did Santa Anna order the reinstatement as comandante general?
{ "answer_start": [ 219 ], "text": [ "Mendarozqueta" ] }
57070a329e06ca38007e92e4
Chihuahua_(state)
At a convention of citizens called to select a new provisional ruler, Gutierrez obtained the vote, with P. J. Escalante for his deputy, and a council to guide the administration. Santa Anna ordered the reinstatement of Mendarozqueta as comandante general. Gutiérrez yielded, but Escalante refused to surrender office, de...
What was the name of the federalist army officer who eventually came into power during the new election?
{ "answer_start": [ 502 ], "text": [ "José Urrea" ] }
57070a329e06ca38007e92e5
Chihuahua_(state)
At a convention of citizens called to select a new provisional ruler, Gutierrez obtained the vote, with P. J. Escalante for his deputy, and a council to guide the administration. Santa Anna ordered the reinstatement of Mendarozqueta as comandante general. Gutiérrez yielded, but Escalante refused to surrender office, de...
Who had actually won the original vote?
{ "answer_start": [ 70 ], "text": [ "Gutierrez" ] }
57070a329e06ca38007e92e6
Chihuahua_(state)
At a convention of citizens called to select a new provisional ruler, Gutierrez obtained the vote, with P. J. Escalante for his deputy, and a council to guide the administration. Santa Anna ordered the reinstatement of Mendarozqueta as comandante general. Gutiérrez yielded, but Escalante refused to surrender office, de...
Who was his deputy?
{ "answer_start": [ 104 ], "text": [ "P. J. Escalante" ] }
57070a329e06ca38007e92e7
Chihuahua_(state)
At a convention of citizens called to select a new provisional ruler, Gutierrez obtained the vote, with P. J. Escalante for his deputy, and a council to guide the administration. Santa Anna ordered the reinstatement of Mendarozqueta as comandante general. Gutiérrez yielded, but Escalante refused to surrender office, de...
Who refused to yield until troops were summoned?
{ "answer_start": [ 356 ], "text": [ "Escalante" ] }
57070af49e06ca38007e92f5
Chihuahua_(state)
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, signed on February 2, 1848, by American diplomat Nicholas Trist and Mexican plenipotentiary representatives Luis G. Cuevas, Bernardo Couto, and Miguel Atristain, ended the war, gave the U.S. undisputed control of Texas, and established the U.S.–Mexican border of the Rio Grande. As news ...
What was the name of the treaty that ended the war?
{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo" ] }
57070af49e06ca38007e92f6
Chihuahua_(state)
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, signed on February 2, 1848, by American diplomat Nicholas Trist and Mexican plenipotentiary representatives Luis G. Cuevas, Bernardo Couto, and Miguel Atristain, ended the war, gave the U.S. undisputed control of Texas, and established the U.S.–Mexican border of the Rio Grande. As news ...
In which year was the treaty signed?
{ "answer_start": [ 55 ], "text": [ "1848" ] }
57070af49e06ca38007e92f7
Chihuahua_(state)
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, signed on February 2, 1848, by American diplomat Nicholas Trist and Mexican plenipotentiary representatives Luis G. Cuevas, Bernardo Couto, and Miguel Atristain, ended the war, gave the U.S. undisputed control of Texas, and established the U.S.–Mexican border of the Rio Grande. As news ...
Control over which current U.S. state was given to the U.S. under this treaty?
{ "answer_start": [ 246 ], "text": [ "Texas" ] }
57070af49e06ca38007e92f8
Chihuahua_(state)
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, signed on February 2, 1848, by American diplomat Nicholas Trist and Mexican plenipotentiary representatives Luis G. Cuevas, Bernardo Couto, and Miguel Atristain, ended the war, gave the U.S. undisputed control of Texas, and established the U.S.–Mexican border of the Rio Grande. As news ...
How long did the U.S. continue to maintain control over the state capital after the treaty?
{ "answer_start": [ 1362 ], "text": [ "three months" ] }
57070af49e06ca38007e92f9
Chihuahua_(state)
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, signed on February 2, 1848, by American diplomat Nicholas Trist and Mexican plenipotentiary representatives Luis G. Cuevas, Bernardo Couto, and Miguel Atristain, ended the war, gave the U.S. undisputed control of Texas, and established the U.S.–Mexican border of the Rio Grande. As news ...
Which American general misunderstood the Mexican message sent to Sacramento Pass?
{ "answer_start": [ 802 ], "text": [ "General Price" ] }
57070b9290286e26004fc845
Chihuahua_(state)
In consequence to the Reform War, the federal government was bankrupt and could not pay its foreign debts to Spain, England, and France. On July 17, 1861, President Juárez decreed a moratorium on payment to foreign debtors for a period of two years. Spain, England, and France did not accept the moratorium by Mexico; th...
Which countries owned Mexican debt?
{ "answer_start": [ 109 ], "text": [ "Spain, England, and France" ] }
57070b9290286e26004fc847
Chihuahua_(state)
In consequence to the Reform War, the federal government was bankrupt and could not pay its foreign debts to Spain, England, and France. On July 17, 1861, President Juárez decreed a moratorium on payment to foreign debtors for a period of two years. Spain, England, and France did not accept the moratorium by Mexico; th...
Who was the Foreign Affairs Minister?
{ "answer_start": [ 622 ], "text": [ "Manuel Doblado" ] }
57070b9290286e26004fc846
Chihuahua_(state)
In consequence to the Reform War, the federal government was bankrupt and could not pay its foreign debts to Spain, England, and France. On July 17, 1861, President Juárez decreed a moratorium on payment to foreign debtors for a period of two years. Spain, England, and France did not accept the moratorium by Mexico; th...
Who was the President of Mexico at the time?
{ "answer_start": [ 155 ], "text": [ "President Juárez" ] }
57070b9290286e26004fc848
Chihuahua_(state)
In consequence to the Reform War, the federal government was bankrupt and could not pay its foreign debts to Spain, England, and France. On July 17, 1861, President Juárez decreed a moratorium on payment to foreign debtors for a period of two years. Spain, England, and France did not accept the moratorium by Mexico; th...
Who convinced the English to accept the terms of the pact?
{ "answer_start": [ 715 ], "text": [ "General Juan Prim of Spain" ] }
57070b9290286e26004fc849
Chihuahua_(state)
In consequence to the Reform War, the federal government was bankrupt and could not pay its foreign debts to Spain, England, and France. On July 17, 1861, President Juárez decreed a moratorium on payment to foreign debtors for a period of two years. Spain, England, and France did not accept the moratorium by Mexico; th...
Which country refused to accept?
{ "answer_start": [ 129 ], "text": [ "France" ] }
57070c1d90286e26004fc84f
Chihuahua_(state)
Maximilian was deeply dissatisfied with General Bazaine's decision to abandon the state capital of Chihuahua and immediately ordered Agustín B. Billaut to recapture the city. On December 11, 1865, Billaut with a force of 500 men took control of the city. By January 31, 1866 Billaut was ordered to leave Chihuahua, but h...
Who was deeply dissatisfied with Bazaine's decision to abandon Chihuahua?
{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "Maximilian" ] }
57070c1d90286e26004fc850
Chihuahua_(state)
Maximilian was deeply dissatisfied with General Bazaine's decision to abandon the state capital of Chihuahua and immediately ordered Agustín B. Billaut to recapture the city. On December 11, 1865, Billaut with a force of 500 men took control of the city. By January 31, 1866 Billaut was ordered to leave Chihuahua, but h...
How many men did Billaut have when he recaptured the city?
{ "answer_start": [ 221 ], "text": [ "500" ] }
57070c1d90286e26004fc851
Chihuahua_(state)
Maximilian was deeply dissatisfied with General Bazaine's decision to abandon the state capital of Chihuahua and immediately ordered Agustín B. Billaut to recapture the city. On December 11, 1865, Billaut with a force of 500 men took control of the city. By January 31, 1866 Billaut was ordered to leave Chihuahua, but h...
At its zenith, the imperialist forces controlled all but how many states in Mexico?
{ "answer_start": [ 435 ], "text": [ "four" ] }
57070c1d90286e26004fc852
Chihuahua_(state)
Maximilian was deeply dissatisfied with General Bazaine's decision to abandon the state capital of Chihuahua and immediately ordered Agustín B. Billaut to recapture the city. On December 11, 1865, Billaut with a force of 500 men took control of the city. By January 31, 1866 Billaut was ordered to leave Chihuahua, but h...
Which four states opposed the French?
{ "answer_start": [ 524 ], "text": [ "Guerrero, Chihuahua, Sonora, and Baja California" ] }
57070c1d90286e26004fc853
Chihuahua_(state)
Maximilian was deeply dissatisfied with General Bazaine's decision to abandon the state capital of Chihuahua and immediately ordered Agustín B. Billaut to recapture the city. On December 11, 1865, Billaut with a force of 500 men took control of the city. By January 31, 1866 Billaut was ordered to leave Chihuahua, but h...
In which year did Billaut capture Chihuahua?
{ "answer_start": [ 191 ], "text": [ "1865" ] }
57070c9b9e06ca38007e9323
Chihuahua_(state)
After the death of the president Benito Juárez in 1872, the first magistracy of the country was occupied by the vice-president Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada, who called for new elections. Two candidates were registered; Lerdo de Tejada and General Porfirio Díaz, one of the heroes of the Battle of Puebla which had taken pla...
In which year did Benito Juarez die?
{ "answer_start": [ 50 ], "text": [ "1872" ] }
57070c9b9e06ca38007e9324
Chihuahua_(state)
After the death of the president Benito Juárez in 1872, the first magistracy of the country was occupied by the vice-president Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada, who called for new elections. Two candidates were registered; Lerdo de Tejada and General Porfirio Díaz, one of the heroes of the Battle of Puebla which had taken pla...
The two candidates were heroes of what battle?
{ "answer_start": [ 284 ], "text": [ "Battle of Puebla" ] }
57070c9b9e06ca38007e9325
Chihuahua_(state)
After the death of the president Benito Juárez in 1872, the first magistracy of the country was occupied by the vice-president Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada, who called for new elections. Two candidates were registered; Lerdo de Tejada and General Porfirio Díaz, one of the heroes of the Battle of Puebla which had taken pla...
Which plan defended the "No Re-election" principle?
{ "answer_start": [ 539 ], "text": [ "The Plan of Tuxtepec" ] }
57070c9b9e06ca38007e9326
Chihuahua_(state)
After the death of the president Benito Juárez in 1872, the first magistracy of the country was occupied by the vice-president Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada, who called for new elections. Two candidates were registered; Lerdo de Tejada and General Porfirio Díaz, one of the heroes of the Battle of Puebla which had taken pla...
Which party rebelled against the administration?
{ "answer_start": [ 1322 ], "text": [ "Lerdista party" ] }
57070c9b9e06ca38007e9327
Chihuahua_(state)
After the death of the president Benito Juárez in 1872, the first magistracy of the country was occupied by the vice-president Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada, who called for new elections. Two candidates were registered; Lerdo de Tejada and General Porfirio Díaz, one of the heroes of the Battle of Puebla which had taken pla...
Which city was occupied by the Lerdista forces?
{ "answer_start": [ 1451 ], "text": [ "El Paso del Norte" ] }
57070e6c9e06ca38007e934b
Chihuahua_(state)
In March 1912, in Chihuahua, Gen. Pascual Orozco revolted. Immediately President Francisco Madero commanded Gen. Victoriano Huerta of the Federal Army, to put down the Orozco revolt. The governor of Chihuahua mobilized the state militia led by Colonel Pancho Villa to supplement General Huerta. By June, Villa notified H...
Which year did Orozco revolt?
{ "answer_start": [ 9 ], "text": [ "1912" ] }
57070e6c9e06ca38007e934c
Chihuahua_(state)
In March 1912, in Chihuahua, Gen. Pascual Orozco revolted. Immediately President Francisco Madero commanded Gen. Victoriano Huerta of the Federal Army, to put down the Orozco revolt. The governor of Chihuahua mobilized the state militia led by Colonel Pancho Villa to supplement General Huerta. By June, Villa notified H...
Who notified Huerta the revolt had been put down?
{ "answer_start": [ 304 ], "text": [ "Villa" ] }
57070e6c9e06ca38007e934d
Chihuahua_(state)
In March 1912, in Chihuahua, Gen. Pascual Orozco revolted. Immediately President Francisco Madero commanded Gen. Victoriano Huerta of the Federal Army, to put down the Orozco revolt. The governor of Chihuahua mobilized the state militia led by Colonel Pancho Villa to supplement General Huerta. By June, Villa notified H...
Who saved Villa's life?
{ "answer_start": [ 523 ], "text": [ "Raúl Madero" ] }
57070e6c9e06ca38007e934e
Chihuahua_(state)
In March 1912, in Chihuahua, Gen. Pascual Orozco revolted. Immediately President Francisco Madero commanded Gen. Victoriano Huerta of the Federal Army, to put down the Orozco revolt. The governor of Chihuahua mobilized the state militia led by Colonel Pancho Villa to supplement General Huerta. By June, Villa notified H...
With whom did Orozco side?
{ "answer_start": [ 764 ], "text": [ "Huerta" ] }
57070f0c9e06ca38007e9353
Chihuahua_(state)
Although Chihuahua is primarily identified with the Chihuahuan Desert for namesake, it has more forests than any other state in Mexico, with the exception of Durango. Due to its variant climate, the state has a large variety of fauna and flora. The state is mostly characterized by rugged mountainous terrain and wide ri...
Which state has more forests than Chihuahua?
{ "answer_start": [ 158 ], "text": [ "Durango" ] }
57070f0c9e06ca38007e9354
Chihuahua_(state)
Although Chihuahua is primarily identified with the Chihuahuan Desert for namesake, it has more forests than any other state in Mexico, with the exception of Durango. Due to its variant climate, the state has a large variety of fauna and flora. The state is mostly characterized by rugged mountainous terrain and wide ri...
The state of Chihuahua is primarily identified with what type of landscape?
{ "answer_start": [ 63 ], "text": [ "Desert" ] }
57070f0c9e06ca38007e9355
Chihuahua_(state)
Although Chihuahua is primarily identified with the Chihuahuan Desert for namesake, it has more forests than any other state in Mexico, with the exception of Durango. Due to its variant climate, the state has a large variety of fauna and flora. The state is mostly characterized by rugged mountainous terrain and wide ri...
The Copper Canyon is deeper than what popular American canyon?
{ "answer_start": [ 578 ], "text": [ "Grand Canyon" ] }
57070f0c9e06ca38007e9356
Chihuahua_(state)
Although Chihuahua is primarily identified with the Chihuahuan Desert for namesake, it has more forests than any other state in Mexico, with the exception of Durango. Due to its variant climate, the state has a large variety of fauna and flora. The state is mostly characterized by rugged mountainous terrain and wide ri...
Along which two valleys do most inhabitants of Chihuahua live?
{ "answer_start": [ 857 ], "text": [ "Rio Grande Valley and the Conchos River Valley" ] }
57070f0c9e06ca38007e9357
Chihuahua_(state)
Although Chihuahua is primarily identified with the Chihuahuan Desert for namesake, it has more forests than any other state in Mexico, with the exception of Durango. Due to its variant climate, the state has a large variety of fauna and flora. The state is mostly characterized by rugged mountainous terrain and wide ri...
The Sierra Madre Occidentals are an extension of which American mountain range?
{ "answer_start": [ 397 ], "text": [ "Rocky Mountains" ] }
57070f6d90286e26004fc86d
Chihuahua_(state)
Public opinion pressured the U.S. government to bring Villa to justice for the raid on Columbus, New Mexico; U.S. President Wilson sent Gen. John J. Pershing and some 5,000 troops into Mexico in an unsuccessful attempt to capture Villa. It was known as the Punitive Expedition. After nearly a year of pursuing Villa, Ame...
Which city did Villa raid?
{ "answer_start": [ 87 ], "text": [ "Columbus, New Mexico" ] }
57070f6d90286e26004fc86e
Chihuahua_(state)
Public opinion pressured the U.S. government to bring Villa to justice for the raid on Columbus, New Mexico; U.S. President Wilson sent Gen. John J. Pershing and some 5,000 troops into Mexico in an unsuccessful attempt to capture Villa. It was known as the Punitive Expedition. After nearly a year of pursuing Villa, Ame...
Which American president pursued Villa?
{ "answer_start": [ 114 ], "text": [ "President Wilson" ] }
57070f6d90286e26004fc86f
Chihuahua_(state)
Public opinion pressured the U.S. government to bring Villa to justice for the raid on Columbus, New Mexico; U.S. President Wilson sent Gen. John J. Pershing and some 5,000 troops into Mexico in an unsuccessful attempt to capture Villa. It was known as the Punitive Expedition. After nearly a year of pursuing Villa, Ame...
How long did the American troops pursue Villa?
{ "answer_start": [ 284 ], "text": [ "nearly a year" ] }
57070f6d90286e26004fc871
Chihuahua_(state)
Public opinion pressured the U.S. government to bring Villa to justice for the raid on Columbus, New Mexico; U.S. President Wilson sent Gen. John J. Pershing and some 5,000 troops into Mexico in an unsuccessful attempt to capture Villa. It was known as the Punitive Expedition. After nearly a year of pursuing Villa, Ame...
In which city was Villa killed?
{ "answer_start": [ 772 ], "text": [ "Parral" ] }
57070f6d90286e26004fc870
Chihuahua_(state)
Public opinion pressured the U.S. government to bring Villa to justice for the raid on Columbus, New Mexico; U.S. President Wilson sent Gen. John J. Pershing and some 5,000 troops into Mexico in an unsuccessful attempt to capture Villa. It was known as the Punitive Expedition. After nearly a year of pursuing Villa, Ame...
In which year was Villa assassinated?
{ "answer_start": [ 648 ], "text": [ "1923" ] }
57070fe09e06ca38007e9365
Chihuahua_(state)
La Cueva De Las Ventanas (The Cave of Windows), a series of cliff dwellings along an important trade route, and Las Jarillas Cave scrambled along the canyons of the Sierra Madre in Northwestern Chihuahua date between AD 1205 and 1260 and belong to the Paquimé culture. Cuarenta Casas is thought to have been a branch set...
Along which mountain range does the Cave of Windows lie?
{ "answer_start": [ 165 ], "text": [ "Sierra Madre" ] }
57070fe09e06ca38007e9366
Chihuahua_(state)
La Cueva De Las Ventanas (The Cave of Windows), a series of cliff dwellings along an important trade route, and Las Jarillas Cave scrambled along the canyons of the Sierra Madre in Northwestern Chihuahua date between AD 1205 and 1260 and belong to the Paquimé culture. Cuarenta Casas is thought to have been a branch set...
Cuarenta Casas is thought to be a branch of which settlement?
{ "answer_start": [ 333 ], "text": [ "Paquime" ] }
57070fe09e06ca38007e9367
Chihuahua_(state)
La Cueva De Las Ventanas (The Cave of Windows), a series of cliff dwellings along an important trade route, and Las Jarillas Cave scrambled along the canyons of the Sierra Madre in Northwestern Chihuahua date between AD 1205 and 1260 and belong to the Paquimé culture. Cuarenta Casas is thought to have been a branch set...
Where did the Paquime seek refuge?
{ "answer_start": [ 534 ], "text": [ "Sierra Madre Occidental" ] }
57070fe09e06ca38007e9368
Chihuahua_(state)
La Cueva De Las Ventanas (The Cave of Windows), a series of cliff dwellings along an important trade route, and Las Jarillas Cave scrambled along the canyons of the Sierra Madre in Northwestern Chihuahua date between AD 1205 and 1260 and belong to the Paquimé culture. Cuarenta Casas is thought to have been a branch set...
Which current native tribes are thought to be descendants of the Casas Grandes?
{ "answer_start": [ 700 ], "text": [ "Yaqui, Mayo, Opata, and Tarahumara" ] }
5707107390286e26004fc889
Chihuahua_(state)
and Camargo. In 1631 Juan Rangel de Biezma discovered a rich vein of silver, and subsequently established San Jose del Parral near the site. Parral remained an important economic and cultural center for the next 300 years. On December 8, 1659 Fray García de San Francisco founded the mission of Nuestra Señora de Guadalu...
Which precious metal did Biezma discover?
{ "answer_start": [ 69 ], "text": [ "silver" ] }
5707107390286e26004fc88a
Chihuahua_(state)
and Camargo. In 1631 Juan Rangel de Biezma discovered a rich vein of silver, and subsequently established San Jose del Parral near the site. Parral remained an important economic and cultural center for the next 300 years. On December 8, 1659 Fray García de San Francisco founded the mission of Nuestra Señora de Guadalu...
How many years was Parral an important economic and cultural center?
{ "answer_start": [ 212 ], "text": [ "300 years" ] }
5707107390286e26004fc88b
Chihuahua_(state)
and Camargo. In 1631 Juan Rangel de Biezma discovered a rich vein of silver, and subsequently established San Jose del Parral near the site. Parral remained an important economic and cultural center for the next 300 years. On December 8, 1659 Fray García de San Francisco founded the mission of Nuestra Señora de Guadalu...
In which year did Sante Fe inhabitants return home from seeking refuge?
{ "answer_start": [ 855 ], "text": [ "1692" ] }
5707107390286e26004fc88c
Chihuahua_(state)
and Camargo. In 1631 Juan Rangel de Biezma discovered a rich vein of silver, and subsequently established San Jose del Parral near the site. Parral remained an important economic and cultural center for the next 300 years. On December 8, 1659 Fray García de San Francisco founded the mission of Nuestra Señora de Guadalu...
Which new state capital was founded in 1709?
{ "answer_start": [ 975 ], "text": [ "Chihuahua City" ] }