id
stringlengths
24
24
title
stringclasses
442 values
context
stringlengths
151
3.71k
question
stringlengths
12
270
answers
dict
5707258d90286e26004fc959
Chihuahua_(state)
Comandante general Simón Elías González, was nominated governor and military command was given to Colonel J.J. Calvo, whose firmness had earned well-merited praise. The state was in the midst of a war with the Apaches, which became the focus of all their energy and resources. After a review of the situation, Simón Elía...
Military command was given to whom based on his firmness?
{ "answer_start": [ 98 ], "text": [ "Colonel J.J. Calvo" ] }
5707258d90286e26004fc95a
Chihuahua_(state)
Comandante general Simón Elías González, was nominated governor and military command was given to Colonel J.J. Calvo, whose firmness had earned well-merited praise. The state was in the midst of a war with the Apaches, which became the focus of all their energy and resources. After a review of the situation, Simón Elía...
The state was in a war with what group?
{ "answer_start": [ 210 ], "text": [ "Apaches" ] }
5707258d90286e26004fc95b
Chihuahua_(state)
Comandante general Simón Elías González, was nominated governor and military command was given to Colonel J.J. Calvo, whose firmness had earned well-merited praise. The state was in the midst of a war with the Apaches, which became the focus of all their energy and resources. After a review of the situation, Simón Elía...
Who declared the state's civil and military forces should be combined during the campaign?
{ "answer_start": [ 310 ], "text": [ "Simón Elías González" ] }
5707258d90286e26004fc95c
Chihuahua_(state)
Comandante general Simón Elías González, was nominated governor and military command was given to Colonel J.J. Calvo, whose firmness had earned well-merited praise. The state was in the midst of a war with the Apaches, which became the focus of all their energy and resources. After a review of the situation, Simón Elía...
In which year did Gonzalez receive renomination?
{ "answer_start": [ 527 ], "text": [ "1837" ] }
5707261a90286e26004fc961
Chihuahua_(state)
During the American occupation of the state, the number of Indian attacks was drastically reduced, but in 1848 the attacks resumed to such a degree that the Mexican officials had no choice but to resume military projects to protect Mexican settlements in the state. Through the next three decades the state faced constan...
What group continuously attacked Mexican settlements?
{ "answer_start": [ 472 ], "text": [ "indigenous tribes" ] }
5707261a90286e26004fc962
Chihuahua_(state)
During the American occupation of the state, the number of Indian attacks was drastically reduced, but in 1848 the attacks resumed to such a degree that the Mexican officials had no choice but to resume military projects to protect Mexican settlements in the state. Through the next three decades the state faced constan...
How many military colonies were established by the state?
{ "answer_start": [ 576 ], "text": [ "18" ] }
5707261a90286e26004fc963
Chihuahua_(state)
During the American occupation of the state, the number of Indian attacks was drastically reduced, but in 1848 the attacks resumed to such a degree that the Mexican officials had no choice but to resume military projects to protect Mexican settlements in the state. Through the next three decades the state faced constan...
The military colonies replaced what as population centers?
{ "answer_start": [ 665 ], "text": [ "presidios" ] }
5707261a90286e26004fc964
Chihuahua_(state)
During the American occupation of the state, the number of Indian attacks was drastically reduced, but in 1848 the attacks resumed to such a degree that the Mexican officials had no choice but to resume military projects to protect Mexican settlements in the state. Through the next three decades the state faced constan...
How many men per 1000 residents were mandated to defend?
{ "answer_start": [ 1018 ], "text": [ "six men" ] }
5707268f9e06ca38007e949b
Chihuahua_(state)
The liberal political forces maintained strong control over the state government until shortly after the French Intervention which turned the tables in favor to the conservative forces once again. The intervention had serious repercussions for the state of Chihuahua. President Juárez, in an effort to organize a strong ...
Which political forces maintained strong control over the state until shortly after French intervention?
{ "answer_start": [ 4 ], "text": [ "liberal" ] }
5707268f9e06ca38007e949c
Chihuahua_(state)
The liberal political forces maintained strong control over the state government until shortly after the French Intervention which turned the tables in favor to the conservative forces once again. The intervention had serious repercussions for the state of Chihuahua. President Juárez, in an effort to organize a strong ...
The intervention had serious consequences for which state?
{ "answer_start": [ 257 ], "text": [ "Chihuahua" ] }
5707268f9e06ca38007e949d
Chihuahua_(state)
The liberal political forces maintained strong control over the state government until shortly after the French Intervention which turned the tables in favor to the conservative forces once again. The intervention had serious repercussions for the state of Chihuahua. President Juárez, in an effort to organize a strong ...
Who made an effort to organize a strong defense against the French?
{ "answer_start": [ 268 ], "text": [ "President Juárez" ] }
5707268f9e06ca38007e949e
Chihuahua_(state)
The liberal political forces maintained strong control over the state government until shortly after the French Intervention which turned the tables in favor to the conservative forces once again. The intervention had serious repercussions for the state of Chihuahua. President Juárez, in an effort to organize a strong ...
Who assigned the First Battalion of Chihuahua for integration into the army?
{ "answer_start": [ 527 ], "text": [ "Governor Luis Terrazas" ] }
5707268f9e06ca38007e949f
Chihuahua_(state)
The liberal political forces maintained strong control over the state government until shortly after the French Intervention which turned the tables in favor to the conservative forces once again. The intervention had serious repercussions for the state of Chihuahua. President Juárez, in an effort to organize a strong ...
To where was the battalion first deployed?
{ "answer_start": [ 699 ], "text": [ "Puebla" ] }
570727889e06ca38007e94a5
Chihuahua_(state)
President Juárez once again based his government in the state of Chihuahua and it served as the center for the resistance against the French invasion throughout Mexico. On March 25, 1866, a battle ensued in the Plaza de Armas in the center of Chihuahua City between the French imperial forces that were guarding the plaz...
Juarez again based his government in which state?
{ "answer_start": [ 65 ], "text": [ "Chihuahua" ] }
570727889e06ca38007e94a6
Chihuahua_(state)
President Juárez once again based his government in the state of Chihuahua and it served as the center for the resistance against the French invasion throughout Mexico. On March 25, 1866, a battle ensued in the Plaza de Armas in the center of Chihuahua City between the French imperial forces that were guarding the plaz...
The base served as the center for the resistance against whose invasion?
{ "answer_start": [ 130 ], "text": [ "the French invasion" ] }
570727889e06ca38007e94a7
Chihuahua_(state)
President Juárez once again based his government in the state of Chihuahua and it served as the center for the resistance against the French invasion throughout Mexico. On March 25, 1866, a battle ensued in the Plaza de Armas in the center of Chihuahua City between the French imperial forces that were guarding the plaz...
On March 25, 1866, a battle ensued where in Chihuahua City?
{ "answer_start": [ 211 ], "text": [ "Plaza de Armas" ] }
570727889e06ca38007e94a8
Chihuahua_(state)
President Juárez once again based his government in the state of Chihuahua and it served as the center for the resistance against the French invasion throughout Mexico. On March 25, 1866, a battle ensued in the Plaza de Armas in the center of Chihuahua City between the French imperial forces that were guarding the plaz...
Who decided to fire a heavy artillery barrage with 8 kg cannonballs?
{ "answer_start": [ 611 ], "text": [ "General Terrazas" ] }
570727889e06ca38007e94a9
Chihuahua_(state)
President Juárez once again based his government in the state of Chihuahua and it served as the center for the resistance against the French invasion throughout Mexico. On March 25, 1866, a battle ensued in the Plaza de Armas in the center of Chihuahua City between the French imperial forces that were guarding the plaz...
Which structure in the church became a historical monument?
{ "answer_start": [ 920 ], "text": [ "The bell" ] }
570728019e06ca38007e94af
Chihuahua_(state)
The officials in Mexico City reduced the price of corn from six cents to two cents a pound. The northern portion of the state continued to decline economically which led to another revolt led by G. Casavantes in August 1879; Governor Trías was accused of misappropriation of funds and inefficient administration of the s...
The officials in Mexico reduced the price of what food from six cents to two cents per pound?
{ "answer_start": [ 50 ], "text": [ "corn" ] }
570728019e06ca38007e94b0
Chihuahua_(state)
The officials in Mexico City reduced the price of corn from six cents to two cents a pound. The northern portion of the state continued to decline economically which led to another revolt led by G. Casavantes in August 1879; Governor Trías was accused of misappropriation of funds and inefficient administration of the s...
Who led the revolt for the northern portion of the state?
{ "answer_start": [ 195 ], "text": [ "G. Casavantes" ] }
570728019e06ca38007e94b1
Chihuahua_(state)
The officials in Mexico City reduced the price of corn from six cents to two cents a pound. The northern portion of the state continued to decline economically which led to another revolt led by G. Casavantes in August 1879; Governor Trías was accused of misappropriation of funds and inefficient administration of the s...
Casavantes was successful in getting which Governor to exile?
{ "answer_start": [ 419 ], "text": [ "Governor Trías" ] }
570728019e06ca38007e94b2
Chihuahua_(state)
The officials in Mexico City reduced the price of corn from six cents to two cents a pound. The northern portion of the state continued to decline economically which led to another revolt led by G. Casavantes in August 1879; Governor Trías was accused of misappropriation of funds and inefficient administration of the s...
Durango and Coahuila had a military confrontation over what natural resource?
{ "answer_start": [ 788 ], "text": [ "water" ] }
570728019e06ca38007e94b3
Chihuahua_(state)
The officials in Mexico City reduced the price of corn from six cents to two cents a pound. The northern portion of the state continued to decline economically which led to another revolt led by G. Casavantes in August 1879; Governor Trías was accused of misappropriation of funds and inefficient administration of the s...
Who was able to secure and stabilize the state eventually and gain the support of the people?
{ "answer_start": [ 1243 ], "text": [ "Díaz" ] }
570728b99e06ca38007e94b9
Chihuahua_(state)
A handful of families owned large estates (known as haciendas) and controlled the greater part of the land across the state while the vast majority of Chihuahuans were landless. The state economy was largely defined by ranching and mining. At the expense of the working class, the Díaz administration promoted economic g...
The state's economy was largely defined by these two industries.
{ "answer_start": [ 219 ], "text": [ "ranching and mining" ] }
570728b99e06ca38007e94ba
Chihuahua_(state)
A handful of families owned large estates (known as haciendas) and controlled the greater part of the land across the state while the vast majority of Chihuahuans were landless. The state economy was largely defined by ranching and mining. At the expense of the working class, the Díaz administration promoted economic g...
Diaz promoted economic growth by encouraging investment from foreign companies at the expense of what group?
{ "answer_start": [ 262 ], "text": [ "working class" ] }
570728b99e06ca38007e94bb
Chihuahua_(state)
A handful of families owned large estates (known as haciendas) and controlled the greater part of the land across the state while the vast majority of Chihuahuans were landless. The state economy was largely defined by ranching and mining. At the expense of the working class, the Díaz administration promoted economic g...
What was the name of the large estates owned by wealthy families?
{ "answer_start": [ 52 ], "text": [ "haciendas" ] }
570728b99e06ca38007e94bc
Chihuahua_(state)
A handful of families owned large estates (known as haciendas) and controlled the greater part of the land across the state while the vast majority of Chihuahuans were landless. The state economy was largely defined by ranching and mining. At the expense of the working class, the Díaz administration promoted economic g...
This group was often exploited and had no legal protection or recourse.
{ "answer_start": [ 452 ], "text": [ "proletariat" ] }
5707294790286e26004fc969
Chihuahua_(state)
On March 26, 1913, Venustiano Carranza issued the Plan de Guadalupe, which refused to recognize Huerta as president and called for war between the two factions. Soon after the assassination of President Madero, Carranza returned to Mexico to fight Huerta, but with only a handful of comrades. However, by 1913 his forces...
Who issued the Plan de Guadalupe?
{ "answer_start": [ 19 ], "text": [ "Venustiano Carranza" ] }
5707294790286e26004fc96a
Chihuahua_(state)
On March 26, 1913, Venustiano Carranza issued the Plan de Guadalupe, which refused to recognize Huerta as president and called for war between the two factions. Soon after the assassination of President Madero, Carranza returned to Mexico to fight Huerta, but with only a handful of comrades. However, by 1913 his forces...
The Plan de Guadalupe refused to recognize who as the president?
{ "answer_start": [ 96 ], "text": [ "Huerta" ] }
5707294790286e26004fc96b
Chihuahua_(state)
On March 26, 1913, Venustiano Carranza issued the Plan de Guadalupe, which refused to recognize Huerta as president and called for war between the two factions. Soon after the assassination of President Madero, Carranza returned to Mexico to fight Huerta, but with only a handful of comrades. However, by 1913 his forces...
Who returned to Mexico to fight Huerta?
{ "answer_start": [ 211 ], "text": [ "Carranza" ] }
5707294790286e26004fc96c
Chihuahua_(state)
On March 26, 1913, Venustiano Carranza issued the Plan de Guadalupe, which refused to recognize Huerta as president and called for war between the two factions. Soon after the assassination of President Madero, Carranza returned to Mexico to fight Huerta, but with only a handful of comrades. However, by 1913 his forces...
Which city was the rebellion's capital for most of the struggle?
{ "answer_start": [ 559 ], "text": [ "Ciudad Juárez" ] }
5707294790286e26004fc96d
Chihuahua_(state)
On March 26, 1913, Venustiano Carranza issued the Plan de Guadalupe, which refused to recognize Huerta as president and called for war between the two factions. Soon after the assassination of President Madero, Carranza returned to Mexico to fight Huerta, but with only a handful of comrades. However, by 1913 his forces...
Carranza threatened war with what country in order to maintain credibility nationally?
{ "answer_start": [ 854 ], "text": [ "United States" ] }
570729f090286e26004fc973
Chihuahua_(state)
The desert zone also accounts for about a third of the state's surface area. The Chihuahuan Desert is an international biome that also extends into the neighboring Mexican state of Coahuila and into the U.S. states of Texas and New Mexico. The desert zone is mainly of flat topography with some small mountain ranges tha...
The desert zone accounts for how much of the state's surface area?
{ "answer_start": [ 34 ], "text": [ "about a third" ] }
570729f090286e26004fc974
Chihuahua_(state)
The desert zone also accounts for about a third of the state's surface area. The Chihuahuan Desert is an international biome that also extends into the neighboring Mexican state of Coahuila and into the U.S. states of Texas and New Mexico. The desert zone is mainly of flat topography with some small mountain ranges tha...
The Chihuahuan Desert also extends into which neighboring Mexican state?
{ "answer_start": [ 181 ], "text": [ "Coahuila" ] }
570729f090286e26004fc975
Chihuahua_(state)
The desert zone also accounts for about a third of the state's surface area. The Chihuahuan Desert is an international biome that also extends into the neighboring Mexican state of Coahuila and into the U.S. states of Texas and New Mexico. The desert zone is mainly of flat topography with some small mountain ranges tha...
The desert zone's topography is mostly what shape?
{ "answer_start": [ 269 ], "text": [ "flat" ] }
570729f090286e26004fc976
Chihuahua_(state)
The desert zone also accounts for about a third of the state's surface area. The Chihuahuan Desert is an international biome that also extends into the neighboring Mexican state of Coahuila and into the U.S. states of Texas and New Mexico. The desert zone is mainly of flat topography with some small mountain ranges tha...
Lower elevations and higher temperature are found in which region of the state; north, south, east, or west?
{ "answer_start": [ 472 ], "text": [ "north" ] }
570729f090286e26004fc977
Chihuahua_(state)
The desert zone also accounts for about a third of the state's surface area. The Chihuahuan Desert is an international biome that also extends into the neighboring Mexican state of Coahuila and into the U.S. states of Texas and New Mexico. The desert zone is mainly of flat topography with some small mountain ranges tha...
Which well-known river runs in the northern part of the state?
{ "answer_start": [ 488 ], "text": [ "Rio Grande" ] }
57072adb9e06ca38007e94c1
Chihuahua_(state)
The fauna in the state is just as diverse as the flora and varies greatly due to the large contrast in climates. In the mountain zone of the state the most observed mammals are: Mexican fox squirrel (Sciurus nayaritensis), antelope jackrabbit (Lepus alleni), raccoon (Procyon lotor), hooded skunk (Mephitis macroura), wi...
Canis latrans is what animal?
{ "answer_start": [ 647 ], "text": [ "coyote" ] }
57072adb9e06ca38007e94c2
Chihuahua_(state)
The fauna in the state is just as diverse as the flora and varies greatly due to the large contrast in climates. In the mountain zone of the state the most observed mammals are: Mexican fox squirrel (Sciurus nayaritensis), antelope jackrabbit (Lepus alleni), raccoon (Procyon lotor), hooded skunk (Mephitis macroura), wi...
Ursus Americanus is what animal that is found in relatively small numbers?
{ "answer_start": [ 669 ], "text": [ "American black bear" ] }
57072adb9e06ca38007e94c3
Chihuahua_(state)
The fauna in the state is just as diverse as the flora and varies greatly due to the large contrast in climates. In the mountain zone of the state the most observed mammals are: Mexican fox squirrel (Sciurus nayaritensis), antelope jackrabbit (Lepus alleni), raccoon (Procyon lotor), hooded skunk (Mephitis macroura), wi...
The main cause of degradation has been what?
{ "answer_start": [ 840 ], "text": [ "grazing" ] }
57072adb9e06ca38007e94c4
Chihuahua_(state)
The fauna in the state is just as diverse as the flora and varies greatly due to the large contrast in climates. In the mountain zone of the state the most observed mammals are: Mexican fox squirrel (Sciurus nayaritensis), antelope jackrabbit (Lepus alleni), raccoon (Procyon lotor), hooded skunk (Mephitis macroura), wi...
What type of snake is most popular in the region with many different species?
{ "answer_start": [ 1088 ], "text": [ "rattlesnake" ] }
57072b269e06ca38007e94c9
Chihuahua_(state)
The last census in Mexico that asked for an individual's race, which was taken in 1921, indicated that 50.09% of the population identified as Mestizo (mixed Amerindian and European descent). The second-largest group was whites at 36.33% of the population. The third-largest group was the "pure indigenous" population, co...
The last census in Mexico that asked for race was carried out in which year?
{ "answer_start": [ 82 ], "text": [ "1921" ] }
57072b269e06ca38007e94ca
Chihuahua_(state)
The last census in Mexico that asked for an individual's race, which was taken in 1921, indicated that 50.09% of the population identified as Mestizo (mixed Amerindian and European descent). The second-largest group was whites at 36.33% of the population. The third-largest group was the "pure indigenous" population, co...
According to the census of 1921, what percentage of citizens were Mestizo?
{ "answer_start": [ 103 ], "text": [ "50.09%" ] }
57072b269e06ca38007e94cb
Chihuahua_(state)
The last census in Mexico that asked for an individual's race, which was taken in 1921, indicated that 50.09% of the population identified as Mestizo (mixed Amerindian and European descent). The second-largest group was whites at 36.33% of the population. The third-largest group was the "pure indigenous" population, co...
The second largest group of people were whom?
{ "answer_start": [ 220 ], "text": [ "whites" ] }
57072c019e06ca38007e94cf
Chihuahua_(state)
During the 1990s after NAFTA was signed, industrial development grew rapidly with foreign investment. Large factories known as maquiladoras were built to export manufactured goods to the United States and Canada. Today, most of the maquiladoras produce electronics, automobile, and aerospace components. There are more t...
What agreement sparked industrial development during the 1990s?
{ "answer_start": [ 23 ], "text": [ "NAFTA" ] }
57072c019e06ca38007e94d0
Chihuahua_(state)
During the 1990s after NAFTA was signed, industrial development grew rapidly with foreign investment. Large factories known as maquiladoras were built to export manufactured goods to the United States and Canada. Today, most of the maquiladoras produce electronics, automobile, and aerospace components. There are more t...
Large factories called what were built to export manufactured goods to the US and Canada?
{ "answer_start": [ 127 ], "text": [ "maquiladoras" ] }
57072c019e06ca38007e94d1
Chihuahua_(state)
During the 1990s after NAFTA was signed, industrial development grew rapidly with foreign investment. Large factories known as maquiladoras were built to export manufactured goods to the United States and Canada. Today, most of the maquiladoras produce electronics, automobile, and aerospace components. There are more t...
How many in the state are employed by maquiladoras?
{ "answer_start": [ 579 ], "text": [ "294,026" ] }
57072c019e06ca38007e94d2
Chihuahua_(state)
During the 1990s after NAFTA was signed, industrial development grew rapidly with foreign investment. Large factories known as maquiladoras were built to export manufactured goods to the United States and Canada. Today, most of the maquiladoras produce electronics, automobile, and aerospace components. There are more t...
What type of business employs the largest portion of the population?
{ "answer_start": [ 985 ], "text": [ "Small business" ] }
57072c019e06ca38007e94d3
Chihuahua_(state)
During the 1990s after NAFTA was signed, industrial development grew rapidly with foreign investment. Large factories known as maquiladoras were built to export manufactured goods to the United States and Canada. Today, most of the maquiladoras produce electronics, automobile, and aerospace components. There are more t...
Most maquiladoras today produce what?
{ "answer_start": [ 253 ], "text": [ "electronics, automobile, and aerospace components" ] }
57085206efce8f15003a7da0
Pitch_(music)
Pitch is an auditory sensation in which a listener assigns musical tones to relative positions on a musical scale based primarily on their perception of the frequency of vibration. Pitch is closely related to frequency, but the two are not equivalent. Frequency is an objective, scientific attribute that can be measured...
What type of sensation is pitch?
{ "answer_start": [ 12 ], "text": [ "auditory" ] }
57085206efce8f15003a7da1
Pitch_(music)
Pitch is an auditory sensation in which a listener assigns musical tones to relative positions on a musical scale based primarily on their perception of the frequency of vibration. Pitch is closely related to frequency, but the two are not equivalent. Frequency is an objective, scientific attribute that can be measured...
What is pitch closely related to?
{ "answer_start": [ 209 ], "text": [ "frequency" ] }
57085206efce8f15003a7da2
Pitch_(music)
Pitch is an auditory sensation in which a listener assigns musical tones to relative positions on a musical scale based primarily on their perception of the frequency of vibration. Pitch is closely related to frequency, but the two are not equivalent. Frequency is an objective, scientific attribute that can be measured...
Each persons perception of sound is called?
{ "answer_start": [ 322 ], "text": [ "Pitch" ] }
5708545e9928a814004714d0
Pitch_(music)
This creates a linear pitch space in which octaves have size 12, semitones (the distance between adjacent keys on the piano keyboard) have size 1, and A440 is assigned the number 69. (See Frequencies of notes.) Distance in this space corresponds to musical intervals as understood by musicians. An equal-tempered semiton...
Octaves in linear pitch are what size?
{ "answer_start": [ 61 ], "text": [ "12" ] }
5708545e9928a814004714d1
Pitch_(music)
This creates a linear pitch space in which octaves have size 12, semitones (the distance between adjacent keys on the piano keyboard) have size 1, and A440 is assigned the number 69. (See Frequencies of notes.) Distance in this space corresponds to musical intervals as understood by musicians. An equal-tempered semiton...
Semitones in linear pitch are what size?
{ "answer_start": [ 144 ], "text": [ "1" ] }
5708545e9928a814004714d2
Pitch_(music)
This creates a linear pitch space in which octaves have size 12, semitones (the distance between adjacent keys on the piano keyboard) have size 1, and A440 is assigned the number 69. (See Frequencies of notes.) Distance in this space corresponds to musical intervals as understood by musicians. An equal-tempered semiton...
A440 in linear pitch are what size?
{ "answer_start": [ 179 ], "text": [ "69" ] }
5708545e9928a814004714d3
Pitch_(music)
This creates a linear pitch space in which octaves have size 12, semitones (the distance between adjacent keys on the piano keyboard) have size 1, and A440 is assigned the number 69. (See Frequencies of notes.) Distance in this space corresponds to musical intervals as understood by musicians. An equal-tempered semiton...
An equal-tempered semitone is subdivided into how many cents?
{ "answer_start": [ 341 ], "text": [ "100" ] }
5708545e9928a814004714d4
Pitch_(music)
This creates a linear pitch space in which octaves have size 12, semitones (the distance between adjacent keys on the piano keyboard) have size 1, and A440 is assigned the number 69. (See Frequencies of notes.) Distance in this space corresponds to musical intervals as understood by musicians. An equal-tempered semiton...
The pitch halfway between C (60) and C♯ (61) is labeled what?
{ "answer_start": [ 518 ], "text": [ "60.5" ] }
57096b77ed30961900e840d8
Pitch_(music)
The relative pitches of individual notes in a scale may be determined by one of a number of tuning systems. In the west, the twelve-note chromatic scale is the most common method of organization, with equal temperament now the most widely used method of tuning that scale. In it, the pitch ratio between any two successi...
What is the most common method of organization?
{ "answer_start": [ 125 ], "text": [ "twelve-note chromatic scale" ] }
57096b77ed30961900e840d9
Pitch_(music)
The relative pitches of individual notes in a scale may be determined by one of a number of tuning systems. In the west, the twelve-note chromatic scale is the most common method of organization, with equal temperament now the most widely used method of tuning that scale. In it, the pitch ratio between any two successi...
The pitch ratio between any two successive notes is?
{ "answer_start": [ 353 ], "text": [ "the twelfth root of two" ] }
57096b77ed30961900e840da
Pitch_(music)
The relative pitches of individual notes in a scale may be determined by one of a number of tuning systems. In the west, the twelve-note chromatic scale is the most common method of organization, with equal temperament now the most widely used method of tuning that scale. In it, the pitch ratio between any two successi...
All these different methods have what in common?
{ "answer_start": [ 587 ], "text": [ "the octave" ] }
57096efd200fba1400367fdd
Pitch_(music)
According to the American National Standards Institute, pitch is the auditory attribute of sound according to which sounds can be ordered on a scale from low to high. Since pitch is such a close proxy for frequency, it is almost entirely determined by how quickly the sound wave is making the air vibrate and has almost ...
Pitch is the auditory attribute to what?
{ "answer_start": [ 91 ], "text": [ "sound" ] }
57096efd200fba1400367fde
Pitch_(music)
According to the American National Standards Institute, pitch is the auditory attribute of sound according to which sounds can be ordered on a scale from low to high. Since pitch is such a close proxy for frequency, it is almost entirely determined by how quickly the sound wave is making the air vibrate and has almost ...
Pitch is a close proxy for what?
{ "answer_start": [ 205 ], "text": [ "frequency" ] }
57096efd200fba1400367fdf
Pitch_(music)
According to the American National Standards Institute, pitch is the auditory attribute of sound according to which sounds can be ordered on a scale from low to high. Since pitch is such a close proxy for frequency, it is almost entirely determined by how quickly the sound wave is making the air vibrate and has almost ...
High pitch is what type of oscillation?
{ "answer_start": [ 414 ], "text": [ "rapid" ] }
57096efd200fba1400367fe0
Pitch_(music)
According to the American National Standards Institute, pitch is the auditory attribute of sound according to which sounds can be ordered on a scale from low to high. Since pitch is such a close proxy for frequency, it is almost entirely determined by how quickly the sound wave is making the air vibrate and has almost ...
Low pitch is what type of oscillation?
{ "answer_start": [ 464 ], "text": [ "slower" ] }
570972d0ed30961900e8416c
Pitch_(music)
A sound generated on any instrument produces many modes of vibration that occur simultaneously. A listener hears numerous frequencies at once. The vibration with the lowest frequency is called the fundamental frequency; the other frequencies are overtones. Harmonics are an important class of overtones with frequencies ...
This produces many modes of vibration that occur simultaneously?
{ "answer_start": [ 2 ], "text": [ "sound generated" ] }
570972d0ed30961900e8416d
Pitch_(music)
A sound generated on any instrument produces many modes of vibration that occur simultaneously. A listener hears numerous frequencies at once. The vibration with the lowest frequency is called the fundamental frequency; the other frequencies are overtones. Harmonics are an important class of overtones with frequencies ...
A listener can hear how many frequencies at once?
{ "answer_start": [ 113 ], "text": [ "numerous" ] }
570972d0ed30961900e8416e
Pitch_(music)
A sound generated on any instrument produces many modes of vibration that occur simultaneously. A listener hears numerous frequencies at once. The vibration with the lowest frequency is called the fundamental frequency; the other frequencies are overtones. Harmonics are an important class of overtones with frequencies ...
Harmonics are an important class of what?
{ "answer_start": [ 293 ], "text": [ "overtones" ] }
570972d0ed30961900e8416f
Pitch_(music)
A sound generated on any instrument produces many modes of vibration that occur simultaneously. A listener hears numerous frequencies at once. The vibration with the lowest frequency is called the fundamental frequency; the other frequencies are overtones. Harmonics are an important class of overtones with frequencies ...
Integer multiples are collectively called?
{ "answer_start": [ 457 ], "text": [ "the partials" ] }
57097cb6200fba1400368075
Pitch_(music)
The pitch of complex tones can be ambiguous, meaning that two or more different pitches can be perceived, depending upon the observer. When the actual fundamental frequency can be precisely determined through physical measurement, it may differ from the perceived pitch because of overtones, also known as upper partials...
The pitch of complex tones can be?
{ "answer_start": [ 34 ], "text": [ "ambiguous" ] }
57097cb6200fba1400368076
Pitch_(music)
The pitch of complex tones can be ambiguous, meaning that two or more different pitches can be perceived, depending upon the observer. When the actual fundamental frequency can be precisely determined through physical measurement, it may differ from the perceived pitch because of overtones, also known as upper partials...
A complex tone is composed of how many waves?
{ "answer_start": [ 372 ], "text": [ "two" ] }
57097cb6200fba1400368077
Pitch_(music)
The pitch of complex tones can be ambiguous, meaning that two or more different pitches can be perceived, depending upon the observer. When the actual fundamental frequency can be precisely determined through physical measurement, it may differ from the perceived pitch because of overtones, also known as upper partials...
The percept at 200 Hz is commonly referred to as?
{ "answer_start": [ 718 ], "text": [ "the missing fundamental" ] }
57097cb6200fba1400368078
Pitch_(music)
The pitch of complex tones can be ambiguous, meaning that two or more different pitches can be perceived, depending upon the observer. When the actual fundamental frequency can be precisely determined through physical measurement, it may differ from the perceived pitch because of overtones, also known as upper partials...
the percept at 200 Hz is commonly referred to as the missing fundamental, which is often?
{ "answer_start": [ 778 ], "text": [ "divisor of the frequencies present" ] }
57097da1ed30961900e84206
Pitch_(music)
The just-noticeable difference (jnd) (the threshold at which a change is perceived) depends on the tone's frequency content. Below 500 Hz, the jnd is about 3 Hz for sine waves, and 1 Hz for complex tones; above 1000 Hz, the jnd for sine waves is about 0.6% (about 10 cents). The jnd is typically tested by playing two to...
The just-noticeable difference, at which a change is perceived depends on what?
{ "answer_start": [ 95 ], "text": [ "the tone's frequency content" ] }
57097da1ed30961900e84207
Pitch_(music)
The just-noticeable difference (jnd) (the threshold at which a change is perceived) depends on the tone's frequency content. Below 500 Hz, the jnd is about 3 Hz for sine waves, and 1 Hz for complex tones; above 1000 Hz, the jnd for sine waves is about 0.6% (about 10 cents). The jnd is typically tested by playing two to...
The jnd is typically tested by?
{ "answer_start": [ 306 ], "text": [ "playing two tones in quick succession" ] }
57097da1ed30961900e84208
Pitch_(music)
The just-noticeable difference (jnd) (the threshold at which a change is perceived) depends on the tone's frequency content. Below 500 Hz, the jnd is about 3 Hz for sine waves, and 1 Hz for complex tones; above 1000 Hz, the jnd for sine waves is about 0.6% (about 10 cents). The jnd is typically tested by playing two to...
What is the range of perceptible pitch steps to human hearing?
{ "answer_start": [ 620 ], "text": [ "1,400" ] }
57097e99ed30961900e84212
Pitch_(music)
It is still possible for two sounds of indefinite pitch to clearly be higher or lower than one another. For instance, a snare drum sounds higher pitched than a bass drum though both have indefinite pitch, because its sound contains higher frequencies. In other words, it is possible and often easy to roughly discern the...
Which drum has a higher perceived pitch even though they both have indefinite pitch?
{ "answer_start": [ 120 ], "text": [ "snare drum" ] }
57097e99ed30961900e84213
Pitch_(music)
It is still possible for two sounds of indefinite pitch to clearly be higher or lower than one another. For instance, a snare drum sounds higher pitched than a bass drum though both have indefinite pitch, because its sound contains higher frequencies. In other words, it is possible and often easy to roughly discern the...
Repetition pitch is caused by what phenomenon?
{ "answer_start": [ 682 ], "text": [ "the addition of a true repetition of the original sound" ] }
57097e99ed30961900e84214
Pitch_(music)
It is still possible for two sounds of indefinite pitch to clearly be higher or lower than one another. For instance, a snare drum sounds higher pitched than a bass drum though both have indefinite pitch, because its sound contains higher frequencies. In other words, it is possible and often easy to roughly discern the...
It is possible and often easy to roughly discern the relative pitches of two sounds of what?
{ "answer_start": [ 355 ], "text": [ "indefinite pitch" ] }
5709809d200fba14003680af
Pitch_(music)
For example, one might refer to the A above middle C as a', A4, or 440 Hz. In standard Western equal temperament, the notion of pitch is insensitive to "spelling": the description "G4 double sharp" refers to the same pitch as A4; in other temperaments, these may be distinct pitches. Human perception of musical interval...
The notion of pitch is insensitive to what?
{ "answer_start": [ 153 ], "text": [ "spelling" ] }
5709809d200fba14003680b0
Pitch_(music)
For example, one might refer to the A above middle C as a', A4, or 440 Hz. In standard Western equal temperament, the notion of pitch is insensitive to "spelling": the description "G4 double sharp" refers to the same pitch as A4; in other temperaments, these may be distinct pitches. Human perception of musical interval...
The description "G4 double sharp" refers to the same pitch as what?
{ "answer_start": [ 226 ], "text": [ "A4" ] }
5709809d200fba14003680b1
Pitch_(music)
For example, one might refer to the A above middle C as a', A4, or 440 Hz. In standard Western equal temperament, the notion of pitch is insensitive to "spelling": the description "G4 double sharp" refers to the same pitch as A4; in other temperaments, these may be distinct pitches. Human perception of musical interval...
Human perception of musical intervals is approximately what?
{ "answer_start": [ 339 ], "text": [ "logarithmic" ] }
5709809d200fba14003680b2
Pitch_(music)
For example, one might refer to the A above middle C as a', A4, or 440 Hz. In standard Western equal temperament, the notion of pitch is insensitive to "spelling": the description "G4 double sharp" refers to the same pitch as A4; in other temperaments, these may be distinct pitches. Human perception of musical interval...
Music theorist represent pitches using what kind of scale?
{ "answer_start": [ 618 ], "text": [ "numerical" ] }
57098332ed30961900e84258
Pitch_(music)
Temporal theories offer an alternative that appeals to the temporal structure of action potentials, mostly the phase-locking and mode-locking of action potentials to frequencies in a stimulus. The precise way this temporal structure helps code for pitch at higher levels is still debated, but the processing seems to be ...
The precise way this temporal structure helps code for pitch at higher levels is based on what?
{ "answer_start": [ 332 ], "text": [ "autocorrelation of action potentials in the auditory nerve" ] }
57098332ed30961900e84259
Pitch_(music)
Temporal theories offer an alternative that appeals to the temporal structure of action potentials, mostly the phase-locking and mode-locking of action potentials to frequencies in a stimulus. The precise way this temporal structure helps code for pitch at higher levels is still debated, but the processing seems to be ...
Is a temporal delay necessary to produce an autocorrelation model of pitch perception?
{ "answer_start": [ 594 ], "text": [ "unnecessary" ] }
57098332ed30961900e8425a
Pitch_(music)
Temporal theories offer an alternative that appeals to the temporal structure of action potentials, mostly the phase-locking and mode-locking of action potentials to frequencies in a stimulus. The precise way this temporal structure helps code for pitch at higher levels is still debated, but the processing seems to be ...
Pitch perception has inherent octave what?
{ "answer_start": [ 1213 ], "text": [ "ambiguities" ] }
570887a4efce8f15003a7da6
England_national_football_team
The motif of the England national football team has three lions passant guardant, the emblem of King Richard I, who reigned from 1189 to 1199. The lions, often blue, have had minor changes to colour and appearance. Initially topped by a crown, this was removed in 1949 when the FA was given an official coat of arms by t...
When did King Richard I begin his reign?
{ "answer_start": [ 129 ], "text": [ "1189" ] }
570887a4efce8f15003a7da7
England_national_football_team
The motif of the England national football team has three lions passant guardant, the emblem of King Richard I, who reigned from 1189 to 1199. The lions, often blue, have had minor changes to colour and appearance. Initially topped by a crown, this was removed in 1949 when the FA was given an official coat of arms by t...
Which animal is the main motif of England's national football team?
{ "answer_start": [ 58 ], "text": [ "lions" ] }
570887a4efce8f15003a7da8
England_national_football_team
The motif of the England national football team has three lions passant guardant, the emblem of King Richard I, who reigned from 1189 to 1199. The lions, often blue, have had minor changes to colour and appearance. Initially topped by a crown, this was removed in 1949 when the FA was given an official coat of arms by t...
What type of headgear originally appeared on the lions' heads on England's national football team motif?
{ "answer_start": [ 235 ], "text": [ "a crown" ] }
570887a4efce8f15003a7da9
England_national_football_team
The motif of the England national football team has three lions passant guardant, the emblem of King Richard I, who reigned from 1189 to 1199. The lions, often blue, have had minor changes to colour and appearance. Initially topped by a crown, this was removed in 1949 when the FA was given an official coat of arms by t...
In which year was the FA given an official coat of arms by the College of Arms?
{ "answer_start": [ 264 ], "text": [ "1949" ] }
570887a4efce8f15003a7daa
England_national_football_team
The motif of the England national football team has three lions passant guardant, the emblem of King Richard I, who reigned from 1189 to 1199. The lions, often blue, have had minor changes to colour and appearance. Initially topped by a crown, this was removed in 1949 when the FA was given an official coat of arms by t...
Since 2003, England has topped their logo with a star to recognize their World Cup win in which year?
{ "answer_start": [ 505 ], "text": [ "1966" ] }
570888bf9928a814004714da
England_national_football_team
Although England's first away kits were blue, England's traditional away colours are red shirts, white shorts and red socks. In 1996, England's away kit was changed to grey shirts, shorts and socks. This kit was only worn three times, including against Germany in the semi-final of Euro 96 but the deviation from the tra...
What color were England's first away kits?
{ "answer_start": [ 40 ], "text": [ "blue" ] }
570888bf9928a814004714db
England_national_football_team
Although England's first away kits were blue, England's traditional away colours are red shirts, white shorts and red socks. In 1996, England's away kit was changed to grey shirts, shorts and socks. This kit was only worn three times, including against Germany in the semi-final of Euro 96 but the deviation from the tra...
What color are the socks traditionally worn in England's away kits?
{ "answer_start": [ 114 ], "text": [ "red" ] }
570888bf9928a814004714dc
England_national_football_team
Although England's first away kits were blue, England's traditional away colours are red shirts, white shorts and red socks. In 1996, England's away kit was changed to grey shirts, shorts and socks. This kit was only worn three times, including against Germany in the semi-final of Euro 96 but the deviation from the tra...
Three times in 1996, England wore what color socks in their away kits instead of the traditional red socks?
{ "answer_start": [ 168 ], "text": [ "grey" ] }
570888bf9928a814004714dd
England_national_football_team
Although England's first away kits were blue, England's traditional away colours are red shirts, white shorts and red socks. In 1996, England's away kit was changed to grey shirts, shorts and socks. This kit was only worn three times, including against Germany in the semi-final of Euro 96 but the deviation from the tra...
In 2011, England introduced a new away kit in what color?
{ "answer_start": [ 420 ], "text": [ "navy blue" ] }
570888bf9928a814004714de
England_national_football_team
Although England's first away kits were blue, England's traditional away colours are red shirts, white shorts and red socks. In 1996, England's away kit was changed to grey shirts, shorts and socks. This kit was only worn three times, including against Germany in the semi-final of Euro 96 but the deviation from the tra...
When a new edition of England's away kit has been introduced, the kit is sometimes worn during what type of matches?
{ "answer_start": [ 498 ], "text": [ "home matches" ] }
57098392ed30961900e8425e
England_national_football_team
England failed to qualify for the World Cup in 1974, 1978 and 1994. The team's earliest exit in the competition itself was its elimination in the first round in 1950, 1958 and most recently in the 2014 FIFA World Cup, after being defeated in both their opening two matches for the first time, versus Italy and Uruguay in...
In what year was England most recently eliminated from FIFA World Cup contention?
{ "answer_start": [ 197 ], "text": [ "2014" ] }
57098392ed30961900e84260
England_national_football_team
England failed to qualify for the World Cup in 1974, 1978 and 1994. The team's earliest exit in the competition itself was its elimination in the first round in 1950, 1958 and most recently in the 2014 FIFA World Cup, after being defeated in both their opening two matches for the first time, versus Italy and Uruguay in...
In 2014, England was eliminated from the World Cup after being defeated by Italy and which other team?
{ "answer_start": [ 310 ], "text": [ "Uruguay" ] }
57098392ed30961900e8425f
England_national_football_team
England failed to qualify for the World Cup in 1974, 1978 and 1994. The team's earliest exit in the competition itself was its elimination in the first round in 1950, 1958 and most recently in the 2014 FIFA World Cup, after being defeated in both their opening two matches for the first time, versus Italy and Uruguay in...
In which three years did England fail to qualify for the World Cup?
{ "answer_start": [ 47 ], "text": [ "1974, 1978 and 1994" ] }
57098392ed30961900e84261
England_national_football_team
England failed to qualify for the World Cup in 1974, 1978 and 1994. The team's earliest exit in the competition itself was its elimination in the first round in 1950, 1958 and most recently in the 2014 FIFA World Cup, after being defeated in both their opening two matches for the first time, versus Italy and Uruguay in...
After the first round of the 2014 FIFA World Cup, how many teams remained in contention?
{ "answer_start": [ 423 ], "text": [ "sixteen" ] }
57098392ed30961900e84262
England_national_football_team
England failed to qualify for the World Cup in 1974, 1978 and 1994. The team's earliest exit in the competition itself was its elimination in the first round in 1950, 1958 and most recently in the 2014 FIFA World Cup, after being defeated in both their opening two matches for the first time, versus Italy and Uruguay in...
What was the final score when, in 2010, England lost to Germany in the Round of 16 of the FIFA World Cup?
{ "answer_start": [ 511 ], "text": [ "4–1" ] }