id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 442
values | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 270 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
570aada54103511400d59915 | Houston | Houston is recognized worldwide for its energy industry—particularly for oil and natural gas—as well as for biomedical research and aeronautics. Renewable energy sources—wind and solar—are also growing economic bases in the city. The Houston Ship Channel is also a large part of Houston's economic base. Because of these... | What other industry is a large part of Houston's economy? | {
"answer_start": [
234
],
"text": [
"Houston Ship Channel"
]
} |
570aada54103511400d59916 | Houston | Houston is recognized worldwide for its energy industry—particularly for oil and natural gas—as well as for biomedical research and aeronautics. Renewable energy sources—wind and solar—are also growing economic bases in the city. The Houston Ship Channel is also a large part of Houston's economic base. Because of these... | What designation does the Globalization and World Cities Study Group give Houston? | {
"answer_start": [
359
],
"text": [
"global city"
]
} |
570aada54103511400d59917 | Houston | Houston is recognized worldwide for its energy industry—particularly for oil and natural gas—as well as for biomedical research and aeronautics. Renewable energy sources—wind and solar—are also growing economic bases in the city. The Houston Ship Channel is also a large part of Houston's economic base. Because of these... | In what did Houston pass New York City in 2013? | {
"answer_start": [
518
],
"text": [
"market for exports"
]
} |
570aada54103511400d59918 | Houston | Houston is recognized worldwide for its energy industry—particularly for oil and natural gas—as well as for biomedical research and aeronautics. Renewable energy sources—wind and solar—are also growing economic bases in the city. The Houston Ship Channel is also a large part of Houston's economic base. Because of these... | How much in dollars did the Houston area export in 2012? | {
"answer_start": [
732
],
"text": [
"$110.3 billion"
]
} |
570aaf434103511400d59928 | Houston | In 2008, Houston received top ranking on Kiplinger's Personal Finance Best Cities of 2008 list, which ranks cities on their local economy, employment opportunities, reasonable living costs, and quality of life. The city ranked fourth for highest increase in the local technological innovation over the preceding 15 years... | How did Kiplinger's Personal Finance Best Cities rate Houston? | {
"answer_start": [
26
],
"text": [
"top ranking"
]
} |
570aaf434103511400d59929 | Houston | In 2008, Houston received top ranking on Kiplinger's Personal Finance Best Cities of 2008 list, which ranks cities on their local economy, employment opportunities, reasonable living costs, and quality of life. The city ranked fourth for highest increase in the local technological innovation over the preceding 15 years... | When did Houston receive a ranking in the top of Kiplinger's Best cities list? | {
"answer_start": [
85
],
"text": [
"2008"
]
} |
570aaf434103511400d5992a | Houston | In 2008, Houston received top ranking on Kiplinger's Personal Finance Best Cities of 2008 list, which ranks cities on their local economy, employment opportunities, reasonable living costs, and quality of life. The city ranked fourth for highest increase in the local technological innovation over the preceding 15 years... | Where did Forbes magazine place Houston for technological innovation? | {
"answer_start": [
227
],
"text": [
"fourth"
]
} |
570aaf434103511400d5992b | Houston | In 2008, Houston received top ranking on Kiplinger's Personal Finance Best Cities of 2008 list, which ranks cities on their local economy, employment opportunities, reasonable living costs, and quality of life. The city ranked fourth for highest increase in the local technological innovation over the preceding 15 years... | Where did Houston place for Fortune 500 companies? | {
"answer_start": [
386
],
"text": [
"second"
]
} |
570aaf434103511400d5992c | Houston | In 2008, Houston received top ranking on Kiplinger's Personal Finance Best Cities of 2008 list, which ranks cities on their local economy, employment opportunities, reasonable living costs, and quality of life. The city ranked fourth for highest increase in the local technological innovation over the preceding 15 years... | When was Houston ranked the best city for shopping? | {
"answer_start": [
569
],
"text": [
"2010"
]
} |
570ab07c4103511400d5993c | Houston | Houston has sports teams for every major professional league except the National Hockey League (NHL). The Houston Astros are a Major League Baseball (MLB) expansion team formed in 1962 (known as the "Colt .45s" until 1965) that made one World Series appearance in 2005. The Houston Rockets are a National Basketball Asso... | For which sports team category does Houston not have a team ? | {
"answer_start": [
72
],
"text": [
"National Hockey League"
]
} |
570ab07c4103511400d59940 | Houston | Houston has sports teams for every major professional league except the National Hockey League (NHL). The Houston Astros are a Major League Baseball (MLB) expansion team formed in 1962 (known as the "Colt .45s" until 1965) that made one World Series appearance in 2005. The Houston Rockets are a National Basketball Asso... | Since what year have the Houston Rockets been a Houston team? | {
"answer_start": [
368
],
"text": [
"1971"
]
} |
570ab07c4103511400d5993d | Houston | Houston has sports teams for every major professional league except the National Hockey League (NHL). The Houston Astros are a Major League Baseball (MLB) expansion team formed in 1962 (known as the "Colt .45s" until 1965) that made one World Series appearance in 2005. The Houston Rockets are a National Basketball Asso... | When were the Houston Astros formed? | {
"answer_start": [
180
],
"text": [
"1962"
]
} |
570ab07c4103511400d5993e | Houston | Houston has sports teams for every major professional league except the National Hockey League (NHL). The Houston Astros are a Major League Baseball (MLB) expansion team formed in 1962 (known as the "Colt .45s" until 1965) that made one World Series appearance in 2005. The Houston Rockets are a National Basketball Asso... | Until 1965 what were the Houston Astros called? | {
"answer_start": [
200
],
"text": [
"Colt .45s"
]
} |
570ab07c4103511400d5993f | Houston | Houston has sports teams for every major professional league except the National Hockey League (NHL). The Houston Astros are a Major League Baseball (MLB) expansion team formed in 1962 (known as the "Colt .45s" until 1965) that made one World Series appearance in 2005. The Houston Rockets are a National Basketball Asso... | When were the Houston Astros in the World Series? | {
"answer_start": [
264
],
"text": [
"2005"
]
} |
570ab1ba6d058f1900183086 | Houston | The original city council line-up of 14 members (nine district-based and five at-large positions) was based on a U.S. Justice Department mandate which took effect in 1979. At-large council members represent the entire city. Under the city charter, once the population in the city limits exceeded 2.1 million residents, t... | How many members did the original Houston city council have? | {
"answer_start": [
37
],
"text": [
"14"
]
} |
570ab1ba6d058f1900183087 | Houston | The original city council line-up of 14 members (nine district-based and five at-large positions) was based on a U.S. Justice Department mandate which took effect in 1979. At-large council members represent the entire city. Under the city charter, once the population in the city limits exceeded 2.1 million residents, t... | How many at-large positions were there originally? | {
"answer_start": [
73
],
"text": [
"five"
]
} |
570ab1ba6d058f1900183088 | Houston | The original city council line-up of 14 members (nine district-based and five at-large positions) was based on a U.S. Justice Department mandate which took effect in 1979. At-large council members represent the entire city. Under the city charter, once the population in the city limits exceeded 2.1 million residents, t... | What areas do at-large council members represent? | {
"answer_start": [
211
],
"text": [
"entire city"
]
} |
570ab1ba6d058f1900183089 | Houston | The original city council line-up of 14 members (nine district-based and five at-large positions) was based on a U.S. Justice Department mandate which took effect in 1979. At-large council members represent the entire city. Under the city charter, once the population in the city limits exceeded 2.1 million residents, t... | What population figure needs to be passed to add at large council members? | {
"answer_start": [
296
],
"text": [
"2.1 million"
]
} |
570ab1ba6d058f190018308a | Houston | The original city council line-up of 14 members (nine district-based and five at-large positions) was based on a U.S. Justice Department mandate which took effect in 1979. At-large council members represent the entire city. Under the city charter, once the population in the city limits exceeded 2.1 million residents, t... | How many at-large council members were added in the 2011 elections? | {
"answer_start": [
532
],
"text": [
"two"
]
} |
570ab31c6d058f1900183099 | Houston | Four separate and distinct state universities are located in Houston. The University of Houston is a nationally recognized Tier One research university, and is the flagship institution of the University of Houston System. The third-largest university in Texas, the University of Houston has nearly 40,000 students on its... | How many students does the University of Houston have? | {
"answer_start": [
298
],
"text": [
"40,000"
]
} |
570ab31c6d058f190018309a | Houston | Four separate and distinct state universities are located in Houston. The University of Houston is a nationally recognized Tier One research university, and is the flagship institution of the University of Houston System. The third-largest university in Texas, the University of Houston has nearly 40,000 students on its... | Where in Houston is the University of Houston campus located? | {
"answer_start": [
340
],
"text": [
"southeast"
]
} |
570ab31c6d058f1900183098 | Houston | Four separate and distinct state universities are located in Houston. The University of Houston is a nationally recognized Tier One research university, and is the flagship institution of the University of Houston System. The third-largest university in Texas, the University of Houston has nearly 40,000 students on its... | How many separate universities does Houston have? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Four"
]
} |
570ab31c6d058f190018309b | Houston | Four separate and distinct state universities are located in Houston. The University of Houston is a nationally recognized Tier One research university, and is the flagship institution of the University of Houston System. The third-largest university in Texas, the University of Houston has nearly 40,000 students on its... | What university is located in Houston'd third ward? | {
"answer_start": [
575
],
"text": [
"Texas Southern University"
]
} |
570ab31c6d058f190018309c | Houston | Four separate and distinct state universities are located in Houston. The University of Houston is a nationally recognized Tier One research university, and is the flagship institution of the University of Houston System. The third-largest university in Texas, the University of Houston has nearly 40,000 students on its... | What kind of college is Texas Southern University? | {
"answer_start": [
613
],
"text": [
"largest historically black"
]
} |
570ab4204103511400d59946 | Houston | Houston is served by the Houston Chronicle, its only major daily newspaper with wide distribution. The Hearst Corporation, which owns and operates the Houston Chronicle, bought the assets of the Houston Post—its long-time rival and main competition—when Houston Post ceased operations in 1995. The Houston Post was owned... | What is Houston's major newspaper? | {
"answer_start": [
25
],
"text": [
"Houston Chronicle"
]
} |
570ab4204103511400d59947 | Houston | Houston is served by the Houston Chronicle, its only major daily newspaper with wide distribution. The Hearst Corporation, which owns and operates the Houston Chronicle, bought the assets of the Houston Post—its long-time rival and main competition—when Houston Post ceased operations in 1995. The Houston Post was owned... | Who owns the Houston Chronicle? | {
"answer_start": [
103
],
"text": [
"Hearst Corporation"
]
} |
570ab4204103511400d59948 | Houston | Houston is served by the Houston Chronicle, its only major daily newspaper with wide distribution. The Hearst Corporation, which owns and operates the Houston Chronicle, bought the assets of the Houston Post—its long-time rival and main competition—when Houston Post ceased operations in 1995. The Houston Post was owned... | When did Chronicle rival newspaper, the Houston Post, cease operations? | {
"answer_start": [
288
],
"text": [
"1995"
]
} |
570ab4204103511400d59949 | Houston | Houston is served by the Houston Chronicle, its only major daily newspaper with wide distribution. The Hearst Corporation, which owns and operates the Houston Chronicle, bought the assets of the Houston Post—its long-time rival and main competition—when Houston Post ceased operations in 1995. The Houston Post was owned... | Whose family owned the Houston Post? | {
"answer_start": [
365
],
"text": [
"Bill Hobby"
]
} |
570ab4204103511400d5994a | Houston | Houston is served by the Houston Chronicle, its only major daily newspaper with wide distribution. The Hearst Corporation, which owns and operates the Houston Chronicle, bought the assets of the Houston Post—its long-time rival and main competition—when Houston Post ceased operations in 1995. The Houston Post was owned... | What is the other newspaper that serves Houston? | {
"answer_start": [
446
],
"text": [
"Houston Press"
]
} |
570ab5396d058f19001830a2 | Houston | Houston's highway system has a hub-and-spoke freeway structure serviced by multiple loops. The innermost loop is Interstate 610, which encircles downtown, the medical center, and many core neighborhoods with around a 8-mile (13 km) diameter. Beltway 8 and its freeway core, the Sam Houston Tollway, form the middle loop ... | What is the type of freeway system that serves Houston? | {
"answer_start": [
31
],
"text": [
"hub-and-spoke"
]
} |
570ab5396d058f19001830a3 | Houston | Houston's highway system has a hub-and-spoke freeway structure serviced by multiple loops. The innermost loop is Interstate 610, which encircles downtown, the medical center, and many core neighborhoods with around a 8-mile (13 km) diameter. Beltway 8 and its freeway core, the Sam Houston Tollway, form the middle loop ... | What encircles the downtown area of Houston? | {
"answer_start": [
113
],
"text": [
"Interstate 610"
]
} |
570ab5396d058f19001830a4 | Houston | Houston's highway system has a hub-and-spoke freeway structure serviced by multiple loops. The innermost loop is Interstate 610, which encircles downtown, the medical center, and many core neighborhoods with around a 8-mile (13 km) diameter. Beltway 8 and its freeway core, the Sam Houston Tollway, form the middle loop ... | What is the diameter of the downtown area? | {
"answer_start": [
217
],
"text": [
"8-mile"
]
} |
570ab5396d058f19001830a5 | Houston | Houston's highway system has a hub-and-spoke freeway structure serviced by multiple loops. The innermost loop is Interstate 610, which encircles downtown, the medical center, and many core neighborhoods with around a 8-mile (13 km) diameter. Beltway 8 and its freeway core, the Sam Houston Tollway, form the middle loop ... | What part of the freeway system is Beltway 8? | {
"answer_start": [
308
],
"text": [
"middle loop"
]
} |
570ab5396d058f19001830a6 | Houston | Houston's highway system has a hub-and-spoke freeway structure serviced by multiple loops. The innermost loop is Interstate 610, which encircles downtown, the medical center, and many core neighborhoods with around a 8-mile (13 km) diameter. Beltway 8 and its freeway core, the Sam Houston Tollway, form the middle loop ... | What is the diameter of the center of Beltway 8? | {
"answer_start": [
345
],
"text": [
"23 miles"
]
} |
570ab7096d058f19001830ac | Houston | The primary city airport is George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH), the tenth-busiest in the United States for total passengers, and twenty eighth-busiest worldwide. Bush Intercontinental currently ranks fourth in the United States for non-stop domestic and international service with 182 destinations. In 2006, the ... | How does Houston's George Bush Intercontinental Airport rank for number of passengers? | {
"answer_start": [
76
],
"text": [
"tenth-busiest"
]
} |
570ab7096d058f19001830ad | Houston | The primary city airport is George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH), the tenth-busiest in the United States for total passengers, and twenty eighth-busiest worldwide. Bush Intercontinental currently ranks fourth in the United States for non-stop domestic and international service with 182 destinations. In 2006, the ... | How many destinations does George Bush Intercontinental Airport serve? | {
"answer_start": [
289
],
"text": [
"182"
]
} |
570ab7096d058f19001830ae | Houston | The primary city airport is George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH), the tenth-busiest in the United States for total passengers, and twenty eighth-busiest worldwide. Bush Intercontinental currently ranks fourth in the United States for non-stop domestic and international service with 182 destinations. In 2006, the ... | When did the U.S. Department of Transportation name IAH as fastest growing of U.S. airports? | {
"answer_start": [
310
],
"text": [
"2006"
]
} |
570ab7096d058f19001830af | Houston | The primary city airport is George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH), the tenth-busiest in the United States for total passengers, and twenty eighth-busiest worldwide. Bush Intercontinental currently ranks fourth in the United States for non-stop domestic and international service with 182 destinations. In 2006, the ... | Where is the Houston Air Route Traffic Control Center located? | {
"answer_start": [
498
],
"text": [
"George Bush Intercontinental Airport"
]
} |
570ab7096d058f19001830b0 | Houston | The primary city airport is George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH), the tenth-busiest in the United States for total passengers, and twenty eighth-busiest worldwide. Bush Intercontinental currently ranks fourth in the United States for non-stop domestic and international service with 182 destinations. In 2006, the ... | What is Houston's primary airport? | {
"answer_start": [
28
],
"text": [
"George Bush Intercontinental Airport"
]
} |
57095096efce8f15003a7dea | Copper | In the Roman era, copper was principally mined on Cyprus, the origin of the name of the metal from aes сyprium (metal of Cyprus), later corrupted to сuprum, from which the words copper (English), cuivre (French), Koper (Dutch) and Kupfer (German) are all derived. Its compounds are commonly encountered as copper(II) sal... | Where was copper mostly mined at in the Roman era? | {
"answer_start": [
50
],
"text": [
"Cyprus"
]
} |
57095096efce8f15003a7deb | Copper | In the Roman era, copper was principally mined on Cyprus, the origin of the name of the metal from aes сyprium (metal of Cyprus), later corrupted to сuprum, from which the words copper (English), cuivre (French), Koper (Dutch) and Kupfer (German) are all derived. Its compounds are commonly encountered as copper(II) sal... | What term does the name copper originate from? | {
"answer_start": [
149
],
"text": [
"сuprum"
]
} |
57095096efce8f15003a7dec | Copper | In the Roman era, copper was principally mined on Cyprus, the origin of the name of the metal from aes сyprium (metal of Cyprus), later corrupted to сuprum, from which the words copper (English), cuivre (French), Koper (Dutch) and Kupfer (German) are all derived. Its compounds are commonly encountered as copper(II) sal... | What componds are common in copper? | {
"answer_start": [
306
],
"text": [
"copper(II) salts"
]
} |
57095096efce8f15003a7ded | Copper | In the Roman era, copper was principally mined on Cyprus, the origin of the name of the metal from aes сyprium (metal of Cyprus), later corrupted to сuprum, from which the words copper (English), cuivre (French), Koper (Dutch) and Kupfer (German) are all derived. Its compounds are commonly encountered as copper(II) sal... | What is one color common in copper salts? | {
"answer_start": [
343
],
"text": [
"blue"
]
} |
57095096efce8f15003a7dee | Copper | In the Roman era, copper was principally mined on Cyprus, the origin of the name of the metal from aes сyprium (metal of Cyprus), later corrupted to сuprum, from which the words copper (English), cuivre (French), Koper (Dutch) and Kupfer (German) are all derived. Its compounds are commonly encountered as copper(II) sal... | What is the name of the color pigment on building structures that are made using copper. | {
"answer_start": [
528
],
"text": [
"green verdigris"
]
} |
570955119928a81400471532 | Copper | Copper occurs naturally as native copper and was known to some of the oldest civilizations on record. It has a history of use that is at least 10,000 years old, and estimates of its discovery place it at 9000 BC in the Middle East; a copper pendant was found in northern Iraq that dates to 8700 BC. There is evidence tha... | When was copper first known to have been used? | {
"answer_start": [
204
],
"text": [
"9000 BC"
]
} |
570955119928a81400471533 | Copper | Copper occurs naturally as native copper and was known to some of the oldest civilizations on record. It has a history of use that is at least 10,000 years old, and estimates of its discovery place it at 9000 BC in the Middle East; a copper pendant was found in northern Iraq that dates to 8700 BC. There is evidence tha... | In what area is the first recorded use of copper? | {
"answer_start": [
219
],
"text": [
"Middle East"
]
} |
570955119928a81400471534 | Copper | Copper occurs naturally as native copper and was known to some of the oldest civilizations on record. It has a history of use that is at least 10,000 years old, and estimates of its discovery place it at 9000 BC in the Middle East; a copper pendant was found in northern Iraq that dates to 8700 BC. There is evidence tha... | When was copper thought to have been discovered in China? | {
"answer_start": [
955
],
"text": [
"2800 BC"
]
} |
570955119928a81400471535 | Copper | Copper occurs naturally as native copper and was known to some of the oldest civilizations on record. It has a history of use that is at least 10,000 years old, and estimates of its discovery place it at 9000 BC in the Middle East; a copper pendant was found in northern Iraq that dates to 8700 BC. There is evidence tha... | Copper smelting resulted in the development of what other metal smelting? | {
"answer_start": [
1524
],
"text": [
"iron smelting"
]
} |
570955119928a81400471536 | Copper | Copper occurs naturally as native copper and was known to some of the oldest civilizations on record. It has a history of use that is at least 10,000 years old, and estimates of its discovery place it at 9000 BC in the Middle East; a copper pendant was found in northern Iraq that dates to 8700 BC. There is evidence tha... | When did Natural bronze start to be used by the general public? | {
"answer_start": [
1773
],
"text": [
"5500 BC"
]
} |
5709595eefce8f15003a7e10 | Copper | The gates of the Temple of Jerusalem used Corinthian bronze made by depletion gilding. It was most prevalent in Alexandria, where alchemy is thought to have begun. In ancient India, copper was used in the holistic medical science Ayurveda for surgical instruments and other medical equipment. Ancient Egyptians (~2400 BC... | What material were the gates of the Temple of Jerusalem made from? | {
"answer_start": [
42
],
"text": [
"Corinthian bronze"
]
} |
5709595eefce8f15003a7e11 | Copper | The gates of the Temple of Jerusalem used Corinthian bronze made by depletion gilding. It was most prevalent in Alexandria, where alchemy is thought to have begun. In ancient India, copper was used in the holistic medical science Ayurveda for surgical instruments and other medical equipment. Ancient Egyptians (~2400 BC... | How is Corinthian bronze made? | {
"answer_start": [
68
],
"text": [
"depletion gilding"
]
} |
5709595eefce8f15003a7e12 | Copper | The gates of the Temple of Jerusalem used Corinthian bronze made by depletion gilding. It was most prevalent in Alexandria, where alchemy is thought to have begun. In ancient India, copper was used in the holistic medical science Ayurveda for surgical instruments and other medical equipment. Ancient Egyptians (~2400 BC... | Where do archeologists believe that alchemy was first practiced? | {
"answer_start": [
112
],
"text": [
"Alexandria"
]
} |
5709595eefce8f15003a7e13 | Copper | The gates of the Temple of Jerusalem used Corinthian bronze made by depletion gilding. It was most prevalent in Alexandria, where alchemy is thought to have begun. In ancient India, copper was used in the holistic medical science Ayurveda for surgical instruments and other medical equipment. Ancient Egyptians (~2400 BC... | What metal was used to make surgical equipment in ancient India? | {
"answer_start": [
182
],
"text": [
"copper"
]
} |
5709595eefce8f15003a7e14 | Copper | The gates of the Temple of Jerusalem used Corinthian bronze made by depletion gilding. It was most prevalent in Alexandria, where alchemy is thought to have begun. In ancient India, copper was used in the holistic medical science Ayurveda for surgical instruments and other medical equipment. Ancient Egyptians (~2400 BC... | What is the name of the battery that was developed using copper in 248 BC? | {
"answer_start": [
429
],
"text": [
"Baghdad Battery"
]
} |
57095c13efce8f15003a7e20 | Copper | Despite competition from other materials, copper remains the preferred electrical conductor in nearly all categories of electrical wiring with the major exception being overhead electric power transmission where aluminium is often preferred. Copper wire is used in power generation, power transmission, power distributio... | What metal is used most often in electrical wiring? | {
"answer_start": [
42
],
"text": [
"copper"
]
} |
57095c13efce8f15003a7e21 | Copper | Despite competition from other materials, copper remains the preferred electrical conductor in nearly all categories of electrical wiring with the major exception being overhead electric power transmission where aluminium is often preferred. Copper wire is used in power generation, power transmission, power distributio... | What is the most important market for copper today? | {
"answer_start": [
411
],
"text": [
"Electrical wiring"
]
} |
57095c13efce8f15003a7e22 | Copper | Despite competition from other materials, copper remains the preferred electrical conductor in nearly all categories of electrical wiring with the major exception being overhead electric power transmission where aluminium is often preferred. Copper wire is used in power generation, power transmission, power distributio... | How much of mined copper is used for cables and electrical wiring? | {
"answer_start": [
620
],
"text": [
"Roughly half"
]
} |
57095c13efce8f15003a7e23 | Copper | Despite competition from other materials, copper remains the preferred electrical conductor in nearly all categories of electrical wiring with the major exception being overhead electric power transmission where aluminium is often preferred. Copper wire is used in power generation, power transmission, power distributio... | What metal are most overhead electrical wires made out of? | {
"answer_start": [
212
],
"text": [
"aluminium"
]
} |
57095c13efce8f15003a7e24 | Copper | Despite competition from other materials, copper remains the preferred electrical conductor in nearly all categories of electrical wiring with the major exception being overhead electric power transmission where aluminium is often preferred. Copper wire is used in power generation, power transmission, power distributio... | What is one property of copper that makes it so useful in electrical wiring? | {
"answer_start": [
832
],
"text": [
"high electrical conductivity"
]
} |
57095defed30961900e84004 | Copper | Copper is biostatic, meaning bacteria will not grow on it. For this reason it has long been used to line parts of ships to protect against barnacles and mussels. It was originally used pure, but has since been superseded by Muntz metal. Similarly, as discussed in copper alloys in aquaculture, copper alloys have become ... | What word means that bacteria won't grow on a substrate? | {
"answer_start": [
10
],
"text": [
"biostatic"
]
} |
57095defed30961900e84006 | Copper | Copper is biostatic, meaning bacteria will not grow on it. For this reason it has long been used to line parts of ships to protect against barnacles and mussels. It was originally used pure, but has since been superseded by Muntz metal. Similarly, as discussed in copper alloys in aquaculture, copper alloys have become ... | What has pure copper been replaced with in the building of ships? | {
"answer_start": [
224
],
"text": [
"Muntz metal"
]
} |
57095defed30961900e84005 | Copper | Copper is biostatic, meaning bacteria will not grow on it. For this reason it has long been used to line parts of ships to protect against barnacles and mussels. It was originally used pure, but has since been superseded by Muntz metal. Similarly, as discussed in copper alloys in aquaculture, copper alloys have become ... | Because of copper's biostatic properties where is a common use for copper? | {
"answer_start": [
114
],
"text": [
"ships"
]
} |
57095defed30961900e84007 | Copper | Copper is biostatic, meaning bacteria will not grow on it. For this reason it has long been used to line parts of ships to protect against barnacles and mussels. It was originally used pure, but has since been superseded by Muntz metal. Similarly, as discussed in copper alloys in aquaculture, copper alloys have become ... | In the aquaculture industry what is copper alloys commonly used to make? | {
"answer_start": [
330
],
"text": [
"netting materials"
]
} |
57095defed30961900e84008 | Copper | Copper is biostatic, meaning bacteria will not grow on it. For this reason it has long been used to line parts of ships to protect against barnacles and mussels. It was originally used pure, but has since been superseded by Muntz metal. Similarly, as discussed in copper alloys in aquaculture, copper alloys have become ... | Name a property that makes copper a good material to use in marine environments? | {
"answer_start": [
489
],
"text": [
"corrosion-resistant"
]
} |
5709614c200fba1400367f0b | Copper | Copper, silver and gold are in group 11 of the periodic table, and they share certain attributes: they have one s-orbital electron on top of a filled d-electron shell and are characterized by high ductility and electrical conductivity. The filled d-shells in these elements do not contribute much to the interatomic inte... | What group of the periodic table is copper in? | {
"answer_start": [
31
],
"text": [
"group 11"
]
} |
5709614c200fba1400367f0c | Copper | Copper, silver and gold are in group 11 of the periodic table, and they share certain attributes: they have one s-orbital electron on top of a filled d-electron shell and are characterized by high ductility and electrical conductivity. The filled d-shells in these elements do not contribute much to the interatomic inte... | Name a property that copper, silver and gold have in common. | {
"answer_start": [
108
],
"text": [
"one s-orbital electron"
]
} |
5709614c200fba1400367f0d | Copper | Copper, silver and gold are in group 11 of the periodic table, and they share certain attributes: they have one s-orbital electron on top of a filled d-electron shell and are characterized by high ductility and electrical conductivity. The filled d-shells in these elements do not contribute much to the interatomic inte... | What makes copper bondings weaker than other metals? | {
"answer_start": [
143
],
"text": [
"filled d-electron shell"
]
} |
5709614c200fba1400367f0e | Copper | Copper, silver and gold are in group 11 of the periodic table, and they share certain attributes: they have one s-orbital electron on top of a filled d-electron shell and are characterized by high ductility and electrical conductivity. The filled d-shells in these elements do not contribute much to the interatomic inte... | How is copper normally supplied? | {
"answer_start": [
838
],
"text": [
"fine-grained polycrystalline form"
]
} |
5709614c200fba1400367f0f | Copper | Copper, silver and gold are in group 11 of the periodic table, and they share certain attributes: they have one s-orbital electron on top of a filled d-electron shell and are characterized by high ductility and electrical conductivity. The filled d-shells in these elements do not contribute much to the interatomic inte... | What is a weaker form of copper than fine-grained polycrystalline? | {
"answer_start": [
905
],
"text": [
"monocrystalline forms"
]
} |
570962e2ed30961900e8404e | Copper | Copper is synthesized in massive stars and is present in the Earth's crust at a concentration of about 50 parts per million (ppm), where it occurs as native copper or in minerals such as the copper sulfides chalcopyrite and chalcocite, the copper carbonates azurite and malachite, and the copper(I) oxide mineral cuprite... | What is the concentration of copper in the earths crust. | {
"answer_start": [
103
],
"text": [
"50 parts per million"
]
} |
570962e2ed30961900e8404f | Copper | Copper is synthesized in massive stars and is present in the Earth's crust at a concentration of about 50 parts per million (ppm), where it occurs as native copper or in minerals such as the copper sulfides chalcopyrite and chalcocite, the copper carbonates azurite and malachite, and the copper(I) oxide mineral cuprite... | How large was the biggest find of copper? | {
"answer_start": [
378
],
"text": [
"420 tonnes"
]
} |
570962e2ed30961900e84050 | Copper | Copper is synthesized in massive stars and is present in the Earth's crust at a concentration of about 50 parts per million (ppm), where it occurs as native copper or in minerals such as the copper sulfides chalcopyrite and chalcocite, the copper carbonates azurite and malachite, and the copper(I) oxide mineral cuprite... | What year was the largest find of copper discovered? | {
"answer_start": [
406
],
"text": [
"1857"
]
} |
570962e2ed30961900e84052 | Copper | Copper is synthesized in massive stars and is present in the Earth's crust at a concentration of about 50 parts per million (ppm), where it occurs as native copper or in minerals such as the copper sulfides chalcopyrite and chalcocite, the copper carbonates azurite and malachite, and the copper(I) oxide mineral cuprite... | How big is the largest copper crystal that has been found? | {
"answer_start": [
538
],
"text": [
"4.4×3.2×3.2 cm"
]
} |
570962e2ed30961900e84051 | Copper | Copper is synthesized in massive stars and is present in the Earth's crust at a concentration of about 50 parts per million (ppm), where it occurs as native copper or in minerals such as the copper sulfides chalcopyrite and chalcocite, the copper carbonates azurite and malachite, and the copper(I) oxide mineral cuprite... | Where was the largest mass of copper found? | {
"answer_start": [
440
],
"text": [
"Michigan, US"
]
} |
57096523ed30961900e8408c | Copper | In Greece, copper was known by the name chalkos (χαλκός). It was an important resource for the Romans, Greeks and other ancient peoples. In Roman times, it was known as aes Cyprium, aes being the generic Latin term for copper alloys and Cyprium from Cyprus, where much copper was mined. The phrase was simplified to cupr... | What was copper called in Greece? | {
"answer_start": [
40
],
"text": [
"chalkos"
]
} |
57096523ed30961900e8408d | Copper | In Greece, copper was known by the name chalkos (χαλκός). It was an important resource for the Romans, Greeks and other ancient peoples. In Roman times, it was known as aes Cyprium, aes being the generic Latin term for copper alloys and Cyprium from Cyprus, where much copper was mined. The phrase was simplified to cupr... | In what area was copper first mined? | {
"answer_start": [
250
],
"text": [
"Cyprus"
]
} |
57096523ed30961900e8408e | Copper | In Greece, copper was known by the name chalkos (χαλκός). It was an important resource for the Romans, Greeks and other ancient peoples. In Roman times, it was known as aes Cyprium, aes being the generic Latin term for copper alloys and Cyprium from Cyprus, where much copper was mined. The phrase was simplified to cupr... | What is the Greek goddess that symbolizes copper? | {
"answer_start": [
350
],
"text": [
"Aphrodite"
]
} |
57096523ed30961900e8408f | Copper | In Greece, copper was known by the name chalkos (χαλκός). It was an important resource for the Romans, Greeks and other ancient peoples. In Roman times, it was known as aes Cyprium, aes being the generic Latin term for copper alloys and Cyprium from Cyprus, where much copper was mined. The phrase was simplified to cupr... | What is the Roman goddess that symbolizes copper? | {
"answer_start": [
364
],
"text": [
"Venus"
]
} |
57096523ed30961900e84090 | Copper | In Greece, copper was known by the name chalkos (χαλκός). It was an important resource for the Romans, Greeks and other ancient peoples. In Roman times, it was known as aes Cyprium, aes being the generic Latin term for copper alloys and Cyprium from Cyprus, where much copper was mined. The phrase was simplified to cupr... | What property does copper have that links it to Aphrodite and Venus? | {
"answer_start": [
430
],
"text": [
"lustrous beauty"
]
} |
570967d5200fba1400367f63 | Copper | Compounds that contain a carbon-copper bond are known as organocopper compounds. They are very reactive towards oxygen to form copper(I) oxide and have many uses in chemistry. They are synthesized by treating copper(I) compounds with Grignard reagents, terminal alkynes or organolithium reagents; in particular, the last... | What are compounds that have a carbon-copper bond called? | {
"answer_start": [
57
],
"text": [
"organocopper compounds"
]
} |
570967d5200fba1400367f64 | Copper | Compounds that contain a carbon-copper bond are known as organocopper compounds. They are very reactive towards oxygen to form copper(I) oxide and have many uses in chemistry. They are synthesized by treating copper(I) compounds with Grignard reagents, terminal alkynes or organolithium reagents; in particular, the last... | What does organocopper compounds reactions toward oxygen form? | {
"answer_start": [
127
],
"text": [
"copper(I) oxide"
]
} |
570967d5200fba1400367f65 | Copper | Compounds that contain a carbon-copper bond are known as organocopper compounds. They are very reactive towards oxygen to form copper(I) oxide and have many uses in chemistry. They are synthesized by treating copper(I) compounds with Grignard reagents, terminal alkynes or organolithium reagents; in particular, the last... | What is produced when copper compounds are treated with organolithium reagents? | {
"answer_start": [
351
],
"text": [
"Gilman reagent"
]
} |
570967d5200fba1400367f66 | Copper | Compounds that contain a carbon-copper bond are known as organocopper compounds. They are very reactive towards oxygen to form copper(I) oxide and have many uses in chemistry. They are synthesized by treating copper(I) compounds with Grignard reagents, terminal alkynes or organolithium reagents; in particular, the last... | Coupling products can be made by substituting Gilman reagent with what? | {
"answer_start": [
403
],
"text": [
"alkyl halides"
]
} |
570967d5200fba1400367f67 | Copper | Compounds that contain a carbon-copper bond are known as organocopper compounds. They are very reactive towards oxygen to form copper(I) oxide and have many uses in chemistry. They are synthesized by treating copper(I) compounds with Grignard reagents, terminal alkynes or organolithium reagents; in particular, the last... | Which form of copper is shock sensitive? | {
"answer_start": [
507
],
"text": [
"Copper(I) acetylide"
]
} |
57096959200fba1400367f89 | Copper | The uses of copper in art were not limited to currency: it was used by Renaissance sculptors, in photographic technology known as the daguerreotype, and the Statue of Liberty. Copper plating and copper sheathing for ships' hulls was widespread; the ships of Christopher Columbus were among the earliest to have this feat... | Who used copper to produce art? | {
"answer_start": [
71
],
"text": [
"Renaissance sculptors"
]
} |
57096959200fba1400367f8a | Copper | The uses of copper in art were not limited to currency: it was used by Renaissance sculptors, in photographic technology known as the daguerreotype, and the Statue of Liberty. Copper plating and copper sheathing for ships' hulls was widespread; the ships of Christopher Columbus were among the earliest to have this feat... | What is the photographic technology that uses copper called? | {
"answer_start": [
134
],
"text": [
"daguerreotype"
]
} |
57096959200fba1400367f8b | Copper | The uses of copper in art were not limited to currency: it was used by Renaissance sculptors, in photographic technology known as the daguerreotype, and the Statue of Liberty. Copper plating and copper sheathing for ships' hulls was widespread; the ships of Christopher Columbus were among the earliest to have this feat... | What famous NY city landmark is made from copper? | {
"answer_start": [
157
],
"text": [
"Statue of Liberty"
]
} |
57096959200fba1400367f8c | Copper | The uses of copper in art were not limited to currency: it was used by Renaissance sculptors, in photographic technology known as the daguerreotype, and the Statue of Liberty. Copper plating and copper sheathing for ships' hulls was widespread; the ships of Christopher Columbus were among the earliest to have this feat... | What famous explorers ships was one of the first to have it's hulls made of copper? | {
"answer_start": [
258
],
"text": [
"Christopher Columbus"
]
} |
57096959200fba1400367f8d | Copper | The uses of copper in art were not limited to currency: it was used by Renaissance sculptors, in photographic technology known as the daguerreotype, and the Statue of Liberty. Copper plating and copper sheathing for ships' hulls was widespread; the ships of Christopher Columbus were among the earliest to have this feat... | When did The Norddeutsche Affinerie electroplating plant first begin production? | {
"answer_start": [
505
],
"text": [
"1830"
]
} |
57096ba1200fba1400367fb1 | Copper | Copper's greater conductivity versus other metals enhances the electrical energy efficiency of motors. This is important because motors and motor-driven systems account for 43%-46% of all global electricity consumption and 69% of all electricity used by industry. Increasing the mass and cross section of copper in a coi... | What property of copper increases the efficiency of electrical motors? | {
"answer_start": [
17
],
"text": [
"conductivity"
]
} |
57096ba1200fba1400367fb2 | Copper | Copper's greater conductivity versus other metals enhances the electrical energy efficiency of motors. This is important because motors and motor-driven systems account for 43%-46% of all global electricity consumption and 69% of all electricity used by industry. Increasing the mass and cross section of copper in a coi... | What percentage of electrical consumption does motor systems use globally? | {
"answer_start": [
173
],
"text": [
"43%-46%"
]
} |
57096ba1200fba1400367fb3 | Copper | Copper's greater conductivity versus other metals enhances the electrical energy efficiency of motors. This is important because motors and motor-driven systems account for 43%-46% of all global electricity consumption and 69% of all electricity used by industry. Increasing the mass and cross section of copper in a coi... | What percentage of electrical consumption does motor systems use in industry? | {
"answer_start": [
223
],
"text": [
"69%"
]
} |
57096ba1200fba1400367fb4 | Copper | Copper's greater conductivity versus other metals enhances the electrical energy efficiency of motors. This is important because motors and motor-driven systems account for 43%-46% of all global electricity consumption and 69% of all electricity used by industry. Increasing the mass and cross section of copper in a coi... | What does the acronym NEMA stand for? | {
"answer_start": [
564
],
"text": [
"National Electrical Manufacturers Association"
]
} |
57096ba1200fba1400367fb5 | Copper | Copper's greater conductivity versus other metals enhances the electrical energy efficiency of motors. This is important because motors and motor-driven systems account for 43%-46% of all global electricity consumption and 69% of all electricity used by industry. Increasing the mass and cross section of copper in a coi... | By using copper motor rotor technology it is allowing industry to exceed what standards? | {
"answer_start": [
625
],
"text": [
"efficiency standards"
]
} |
57096cd6ed30961900e840e8 | Copper | Chromobacterium violaceum and Pseudomonas fluorescens can both mobilize solid copper, as a cyanide compound. The ericoid mycorrhizal fungi associated with Calluna, Erica and Vaccinium can grow in copper metalliferous soils. The ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus luteus protects young pine trees from copper toxicity. A samp... | Name a compond that can mobilize sold copper? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Chromobacterium violaceum"
]
} |
57096cd6ed30961900e840e9 | Copper | Chromobacterium violaceum and Pseudomonas fluorescens can both mobilize solid copper, as a cyanide compound. The ericoid mycorrhizal fungi associated with Calluna, Erica and Vaccinium can grow in copper metalliferous soils. The ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus luteus protects young pine trees from copper toxicity. A samp... | What fungi can grow in copper metalliferous soils? | {
"answer_start": [
113
],
"text": [
"ericoid mycorrhizal fungi"
]
} |
57096cd6ed30961900e840ea | Copper | Chromobacterium violaceum and Pseudomonas fluorescens can both mobilize solid copper, as a cyanide compound. The ericoid mycorrhizal fungi associated with Calluna, Erica and Vaccinium can grow in copper metalliferous soils. The ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus luteus protects young pine trees from copper toxicity. A samp... | What fungus protects pine trees from copper toxicity? | {
"answer_start": [
251
],
"text": [
"Suillus luteus"
]
} |
57096cd6ed30961900e840eb | Copper | Chromobacterium violaceum and Pseudomonas fluorescens can both mobilize solid copper, as a cyanide compound. The ericoid mycorrhizal fungi associated with Calluna, Erica and Vaccinium can grow in copper metalliferous soils. The ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus luteus protects young pine trees from copper toxicity. A samp... | What fungus grows from gold mining solution? | {
"answer_start": [
337
],
"text": [
"Aspergillus niger"
]
} |
57096cd6ed30961900e840ec | Copper | Chromobacterium violaceum and Pseudomonas fluorescens can both mobilize solid copper, as a cyanide compound. The ericoid mycorrhizal fungi associated with Calluna, Erica and Vaccinium can grow in copper metalliferous soils. The ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus luteus protects young pine trees from copper toxicity. A samp... | What fungus helps to soften heavy metal sulfides? | {
"answer_start": [
330
],
"text": [
"fungus Aspergillus"
]
} |
57096ee9ed30961900e8410c | Copper | Copper-alloy touch surfaces have natural intrinsic properties to destroy a wide range of microorganisms (e.g., E. coli O157:H7, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus, Clostridium difficile, influenza A virus, adenovirus, and fungi). Some 355 copper alloys were proven to kill more than 99.9%... | What is an intrinsic property of copper-alloy touch surfaces? | {
"answer_start": [
509
],
"text": [
"antimicrobial"
]
} |
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