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570aada54103511400d59915
Houston
Houston is recognized worldwide for its energy industry—particularly for oil and natural gas—as well as for biomedical research and aeronautics. Renewable energy sources—wind and solar—are also growing economic bases in the city. The Houston Ship Channel is also a large part of Houston's economic base. Because of these...
What other industry is a large part of Houston's economy?
{ "answer_start": [ 234 ], "text": [ "Houston Ship Channel" ] }
570aada54103511400d59916
Houston
Houston is recognized worldwide for its energy industry—particularly for oil and natural gas—as well as for biomedical research and aeronautics. Renewable energy sources—wind and solar—are also growing economic bases in the city. The Houston Ship Channel is also a large part of Houston's economic base. Because of these...
What designation does the Globalization and World Cities Study Group give Houston?
{ "answer_start": [ 359 ], "text": [ "global city" ] }
570aada54103511400d59917
Houston
Houston is recognized worldwide for its energy industry—particularly for oil and natural gas—as well as for biomedical research and aeronautics. Renewable energy sources—wind and solar—are also growing economic bases in the city. The Houston Ship Channel is also a large part of Houston's economic base. Because of these...
In what did Houston pass New York City in 2013?
{ "answer_start": [ 518 ], "text": [ "market for exports" ] }
570aada54103511400d59918
Houston
Houston is recognized worldwide for its energy industry—particularly for oil and natural gas—as well as for biomedical research and aeronautics. Renewable energy sources—wind and solar—are also growing economic bases in the city. The Houston Ship Channel is also a large part of Houston's economic base. Because of these...
How much in dollars did the Houston area export in 2012?
{ "answer_start": [ 732 ], "text": [ "$110.3 billion" ] }
570aaf434103511400d59928
Houston
In 2008, Houston received top ranking on Kiplinger's Personal Finance Best Cities of 2008 list, which ranks cities on their local economy, employment opportunities, reasonable living costs, and quality of life. The city ranked fourth for highest increase in the local technological innovation over the preceding 15 years...
How did Kiplinger's Personal Finance Best Cities rate Houston?
{ "answer_start": [ 26 ], "text": [ "top ranking" ] }
570aaf434103511400d59929
Houston
In 2008, Houston received top ranking on Kiplinger's Personal Finance Best Cities of 2008 list, which ranks cities on their local economy, employment opportunities, reasonable living costs, and quality of life. The city ranked fourth for highest increase in the local technological innovation over the preceding 15 years...
When did Houston receive a ranking in the top of Kiplinger's Best cities list?
{ "answer_start": [ 85 ], "text": [ "2008" ] }
570aaf434103511400d5992a
Houston
In 2008, Houston received top ranking on Kiplinger's Personal Finance Best Cities of 2008 list, which ranks cities on their local economy, employment opportunities, reasonable living costs, and quality of life. The city ranked fourth for highest increase in the local technological innovation over the preceding 15 years...
Where did Forbes magazine place Houston for technological innovation?
{ "answer_start": [ 227 ], "text": [ "fourth" ] }
570aaf434103511400d5992b
Houston
In 2008, Houston received top ranking on Kiplinger's Personal Finance Best Cities of 2008 list, which ranks cities on their local economy, employment opportunities, reasonable living costs, and quality of life. The city ranked fourth for highest increase in the local technological innovation over the preceding 15 years...
Where did Houston place for Fortune 500 companies?
{ "answer_start": [ 386 ], "text": [ "second" ] }
570aaf434103511400d5992c
Houston
In 2008, Houston received top ranking on Kiplinger's Personal Finance Best Cities of 2008 list, which ranks cities on their local economy, employment opportunities, reasonable living costs, and quality of life. The city ranked fourth for highest increase in the local technological innovation over the preceding 15 years...
When was Houston ranked the best city for shopping?
{ "answer_start": [ 569 ], "text": [ "2010" ] }
570ab07c4103511400d5993c
Houston
Houston has sports teams for every major professional league except the National Hockey League (NHL). The Houston Astros are a Major League Baseball (MLB) expansion team formed in 1962 (known as the "Colt .45s" until 1965) that made one World Series appearance in 2005. The Houston Rockets are a National Basketball Asso...
For which sports team category does Houston not have a team ?
{ "answer_start": [ 72 ], "text": [ "National Hockey League" ] }
570ab07c4103511400d59940
Houston
Houston has sports teams for every major professional league except the National Hockey League (NHL). The Houston Astros are a Major League Baseball (MLB) expansion team formed in 1962 (known as the "Colt .45s" until 1965) that made one World Series appearance in 2005. The Houston Rockets are a National Basketball Asso...
Since what year have the Houston Rockets been a Houston team?
{ "answer_start": [ 368 ], "text": [ "1971" ] }
570ab07c4103511400d5993d
Houston
Houston has sports teams for every major professional league except the National Hockey League (NHL). The Houston Astros are a Major League Baseball (MLB) expansion team formed in 1962 (known as the "Colt .45s" until 1965) that made one World Series appearance in 2005. The Houston Rockets are a National Basketball Asso...
When were the Houston Astros formed?
{ "answer_start": [ 180 ], "text": [ "1962" ] }
570ab07c4103511400d5993e
Houston
Houston has sports teams for every major professional league except the National Hockey League (NHL). The Houston Astros are a Major League Baseball (MLB) expansion team formed in 1962 (known as the "Colt .45s" until 1965) that made one World Series appearance in 2005. The Houston Rockets are a National Basketball Asso...
Until 1965 what were the Houston Astros called?
{ "answer_start": [ 200 ], "text": [ "Colt .45s" ] }
570ab07c4103511400d5993f
Houston
Houston has sports teams for every major professional league except the National Hockey League (NHL). The Houston Astros are a Major League Baseball (MLB) expansion team formed in 1962 (known as the "Colt .45s" until 1965) that made one World Series appearance in 2005. The Houston Rockets are a National Basketball Asso...
When were the Houston Astros in the World Series?
{ "answer_start": [ 264 ], "text": [ "2005" ] }
570ab1ba6d058f1900183086
Houston
The original city council line-up of 14 members (nine district-based and five at-large positions) was based on a U.S. Justice Department mandate which took effect in 1979. At-large council members represent the entire city. Under the city charter, once the population in the city limits exceeded 2.1 million residents, t...
How many members did the original Houston city council have?
{ "answer_start": [ 37 ], "text": [ "14" ] }
570ab1ba6d058f1900183087
Houston
The original city council line-up of 14 members (nine district-based and five at-large positions) was based on a U.S. Justice Department mandate which took effect in 1979. At-large council members represent the entire city. Under the city charter, once the population in the city limits exceeded 2.1 million residents, t...
How many at-large positions were there originally?
{ "answer_start": [ 73 ], "text": [ "five" ] }
570ab1ba6d058f1900183088
Houston
The original city council line-up of 14 members (nine district-based and five at-large positions) was based on a U.S. Justice Department mandate which took effect in 1979. At-large council members represent the entire city. Under the city charter, once the population in the city limits exceeded 2.1 million residents, t...
What areas do at-large council members represent?
{ "answer_start": [ 211 ], "text": [ "entire city" ] }
570ab1ba6d058f1900183089
Houston
The original city council line-up of 14 members (nine district-based and five at-large positions) was based on a U.S. Justice Department mandate which took effect in 1979. At-large council members represent the entire city. Under the city charter, once the population in the city limits exceeded 2.1 million residents, t...
What population figure needs to be passed to add at large council members?
{ "answer_start": [ 296 ], "text": [ "2.1 million" ] }
570ab1ba6d058f190018308a
Houston
The original city council line-up of 14 members (nine district-based and five at-large positions) was based on a U.S. Justice Department mandate which took effect in 1979. At-large council members represent the entire city. Under the city charter, once the population in the city limits exceeded 2.1 million residents, t...
How many at-large council members were added in the 2011 elections?
{ "answer_start": [ 532 ], "text": [ "two" ] }
570ab31c6d058f1900183099
Houston
Four separate and distinct state universities are located in Houston. The University of Houston is a nationally recognized Tier One research university, and is the flagship institution of the University of Houston System. The third-largest university in Texas, the University of Houston has nearly 40,000 students on its...
How many students does the University of Houston have?
{ "answer_start": [ 298 ], "text": [ "40,000" ] }
570ab31c6d058f190018309a
Houston
Four separate and distinct state universities are located in Houston. The University of Houston is a nationally recognized Tier One research university, and is the flagship institution of the University of Houston System. The third-largest university in Texas, the University of Houston has nearly 40,000 students on its...
Where in Houston is the University of Houston campus located?
{ "answer_start": [ 340 ], "text": [ "southeast" ] }
570ab31c6d058f1900183098
Houston
Four separate and distinct state universities are located in Houston. The University of Houston is a nationally recognized Tier One research university, and is the flagship institution of the University of Houston System. The third-largest university in Texas, the University of Houston has nearly 40,000 students on its...
How many separate universities does Houston have?
{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "Four" ] }
570ab31c6d058f190018309b
Houston
Four separate and distinct state universities are located in Houston. The University of Houston is a nationally recognized Tier One research university, and is the flagship institution of the University of Houston System. The third-largest university in Texas, the University of Houston has nearly 40,000 students on its...
What university is located in Houston'd third ward?
{ "answer_start": [ 575 ], "text": [ "Texas Southern University" ] }
570ab31c6d058f190018309c
Houston
Four separate and distinct state universities are located in Houston. The University of Houston is a nationally recognized Tier One research university, and is the flagship institution of the University of Houston System. The third-largest university in Texas, the University of Houston has nearly 40,000 students on its...
What kind of college is Texas Southern University?
{ "answer_start": [ 613 ], "text": [ "largest historically black" ] }
570ab4204103511400d59946
Houston
Houston is served by the Houston Chronicle, its only major daily newspaper with wide distribution. The Hearst Corporation, which owns and operates the Houston Chronicle, bought the assets of the Houston Post—its long-time rival and main competition—when Houston Post ceased operations in 1995. The Houston Post was owned...
What is Houston's major newspaper?
{ "answer_start": [ 25 ], "text": [ "Houston Chronicle" ] }
570ab4204103511400d59947
Houston
Houston is served by the Houston Chronicle, its only major daily newspaper with wide distribution. The Hearst Corporation, which owns and operates the Houston Chronicle, bought the assets of the Houston Post—its long-time rival and main competition—when Houston Post ceased operations in 1995. The Houston Post was owned...
Who owns the Houston Chronicle?
{ "answer_start": [ 103 ], "text": [ "Hearst Corporation" ] }
570ab4204103511400d59948
Houston
Houston is served by the Houston Chronicle, its only major daily newspaper with wide distribution. The Hearst Corporation, which owns and operates the Houston Chronicle, bought the assets of the Houston Post—its long-time rival and main competition—when Houston Post ceased operations in 1995. The Houston Post was owned...
When did Chronicle rival newspaper, the Houston Post, cease operations?
{ "answer_start": [ 288 ], "text": [ "1995" ] }
570ab4204103511400d59949
Houston
Houston is served by the Houston Chronicle, its only major daily newspaper with wide distribution. The Hearst Corporation, which owns and operates the Houston Chronicle, bought the assets of the Houston Post—its long-time rival and main competition—when Houston Post ceased operations in 1995. The Houston Post was owned...
Whose family owned the Houston Post?
{ "answer_start": [ 365 ], "text": [ "Bill Hobby" ] }
570ab4204103511400d5994a
Houston
Houston is served by the Houston Chronicle, its only major daily newspaper with wide distribution. The Hearst Corporation, which owns and operates the Houston Chronicle, bought the assets of the Houston Post—its long-time rival and main competition—when Houston Post ceased operations in 1995. The Houston Post was owned...
What is the other newspaper that serves Houston?
{ "answer_start": [ 446 ], "text": [ "Houston Press" ] }
570ab5396d058f19001830a2
Houston
Houston's highway system has a hub-and-spoke freeway structure serviced by multiple loops. The innermost loop is Interstate 610, which encircles downtown, the medical center, and many core neighborhoods with around a 8-mile (13 km) diameter. Beltway 8 and its freeway core, the Sam Houston Tollway, form the middle loop ...
What is the type of freeway system that serves Houston?
{ "answer_start": [ 31 ], "text": [ "hub-and-spoke" ] }
570ab5396d058f19001830a3
Houston
Houston's highway system has a hub-and-spoke freeway structure serviced by multiple loops. The innermost loop is Interstate 610, which encircles downtown, the medical center, and many core neighborhoods with around a 8-mile (13 km) diameter. Beltway 8 and its freeway core, the Sam Houston Tollway, form the middle loop ...
What encircles the downtown area of Houston?
{ "answer_start": [ 113 ], "text": [ "Interstate 610" ] }
570ab5396d058f19001830a4
Houston
Houston's highway system has a hub-and-spoke freeway structure serviced by multiple loops. The innermost loop is Interstate 610, which encircles downtown, the medical center, and many core neighborhoods with around a 8-mile (13 km) diameter. Beltway 8 and its freeway core, the Sam Houston Tollway, form the middle loop ...
What is the diameter of the downtown area?
{ "answer_start": [ 217 ], "text": [ "8-mile" ] }
570ab5396d058f19001830a5
Houston
Houston's highway system has a hub-and-spoke freeway structure serviced by multiple loops. The innermost loop is Interstate 610, which encircles downtown, the medical center, and many core neighborhoods with around a 8-mile (13 km) diameter. Beltway 8 and its freeway core, the Sam Houston Tollway, form the middle loop ...
What part of the freeway system is Beltway 8?
{ "answer_start": [ 308 ], "text": [ "middle loop" ] }
570ab5396d058f19001830a6
Houston
Houston's highway system has a hub-and-spoke freeway structure serviced by multiple loops. The innermost loop is Interstate 610, which encircles downtown, the medical center, and many core neighborhoods with around a 8-mile (13 km) diameter. Beltway 8 and its freeway core, the Sam Houston Tollway, form the middle loop ...
What is the diameter of the center of Beltway 8?
{ "answer_start": [ 345 ], "text": [ "23 miles" ] }
570ab7096d058f19001830ac
Houston
The primary city airport is George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH), the tenth-busiest in the United States for total passengers, and twenty eighth-busiest worldwide. Bush Intercontinental currently ranks fourth in the United States for non-stop domestic and international service with 182 destinations. In 2006, the ...
How does Houston's George Bush Intercontinental Airport rank for number of passengers?
{ "answer_start": [ 76 ], "text": [ "tenth-busiest" ] }
570ab7096d058f19001830ad
Houston
The primary city airport is George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH), the tenth-busiest in the United States for total passengers, and twenty eighth-busiest worldwide. Bush Intercontinental currently ranks fourth in the United States for non-stop domestic and international service with 182 destinations. In 2006, the ...
How many destinations does George Bush Intercontinental Airport serve?
{ "answer_start": [ 289 ], "text": [ "182" ] }
570ab7096d058f19001830ae
Houston
The primary city airport is George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH), the tenth-busiest in the United States for total passengers, and twenty eighth-busiest worldwide. Bush Intercontinental currently ranks fourth in the United States for non-stop domestic and international service with 182 destinations. In 2006, the ...
When did the U.S. Department of Transportation name IAH as fastest growing of U.S. airports?
{ "answer_start": [ 310 ], "text": [ "2006" ] }
570ab7096d058f19001830af
Houston
The primary city airport is George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH), the tenth-busiest in the United States for total passengers, and twenty eighth-busiest worldwide. Bush Intercontinental currently ranks fourth in the United States for non-stop domestic and international service with 182 destinations. In 2006, the ...
Where is the Houston Air Route Traffic Control Center located?
{ "answer_start": [ 498 ], "text": [ "George Bush Intercontinental Airport" ] }
570ab7096d058f19001830b0
Houston
The primary city airport is George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH), the tenth-busiest in the United States for total passengers, and twenty eighth-busiest worldwide. Bush Intercontinental currently ranks fourth in the United States for non-stop domestic and international service with 182 destinations. In 2006, the ...
What is Houston's primary airport?
{ "answer_start": [ 28 ], "text": [ "George Bush Intercontinental Airport" ] }
57095096efce8f15003a7dea
Copper
In the Roman era, copper was principally mined on Cyprus, the origin of the name of the metal from aes сyprium (metal of Cyprus), later corrupted to сuprum, from which the words copper (English), cuivre (French), Koper (Dutch) and Kupfer (German) are all derived. Its compounds are commonly encountered as copper(II) sal...
Where was copper mostly mined at in the Roman era?
{ "answer_start": [ 50 ], "text": [ "Cyprus" ] }
57095096efce8f15003a7deb
Copper
In the Roman era, copper was principally mined on Cyprus, the origin of the name of the metal from aes сyprium (metal of Cyprus), later corrupted to сuprum, from which the words copper (English), cuivre (French), Koper (Dutch) and Kupfer (German) are all derived. Its compounds are commonly encountered as copper(II) sal...
What term does the name copper originate from?
{ "answer_start": [ 149 ], "text": [ "сuprum" ] }
57095096efce8f15003a7dec
Copper
In the Roman era, copper was principally mined on Cyprus, the origin of the name of the metal from aes сyprium (metal of Cyprus), later corrupted to сuprum, from which the words copper (English), cuivre (French), Koper (Dutch) and Kupfer (German) are all derived. Its compounds are commonly encountered as copper(II) sal...
What componds are common in copper?
{ "answer_start": [ 306 ], "text": [ "copper(II) salts" ] }
57095096efce8f15003a7ded
Copper
In the Roman era, copper was principally mined on Cyprus, the origin of the name of the metal from aes сyprium (metal of Cyprus), later corrupted to сuprum, from which the words copper (English), cuivre (French), Koper (Dutch) and Kupfer (German) are all derived. Its compounds are commonly encountered as copper(II) sal...
What is one color common in copper salts?
{ "answer_start": [ 343 ], "text": [ "blue" ] }
57095096efce8f15003a7dee
Copper
In the Roman era, copper was principally mined on Cyprus, the origin of the name of the metal from aes сyprium (metal of Cyprus), later corrupted to сuprum, from which the words copper (English), cuivre (French), Koper (Dutch) and Kupfer (German) are all derived. Its compounds are commonly encountered as copper(II) sal...
What is the name of the color pigment on building structures that are made using copper.
{ "answer_start": [ 528 ], "text": [ "green verdigris" ] }
570955119928a81400471532
Copper
Copper occurs naturally as native copper and was known to some of the oldest civilizations on record. It has a history of use that is at least 10,000 years old, and estimates of its discovery place it at 9000 BC in the Middle East; a copper pendant was found in northern Iraq that dates to 8700 BC. There is evidence tha...
When was copper first known to have been used?
{ "answer_start": [ 204 ], "text": [ "9000 BC" ] }
570955119928a81400471533
Copper
Copper occurs naturally as native copper and was known to some of the oldest civilizations on record. It has a history of use that is at least 10,000 years old, and estimates of its discovery place it at 9000 BC in the Middle East; a copper pendant was found in northern Iraq that dates to 8700 BC. There is evidence tha...
In what area is the first recorded use of copper?
{ "answer_start": [ 219 ], "text": [ "Middle East" ] }
570955119928a81400471534
Copper
Copper occurs naturally as native copper and was known to some of the oldest civilizations on record. It has a history of use that is at least 10,000 years old, and estimates of its discovery place it at 9000 BC in the Middle East; a copper pendant was found in northern Iraq that dates to 8700 BC. There is evidence tha...
When was copper thought to have been discovered in China?
{ "answer_start": [ 955 ], "text": [ "2800 BC" ] }
570955119928a81400471535
Copper
Copper occurs naturally as native copper and was known to some of the oldest civilizations on record. It has a history of use that is at least 10,000 years old, and estimates of its discovery place it at 9000 BC in the Middle East; a copper pendant was found in northern Iraq that dates to 8700 BC. There is evidence tha...
Copper smelting resulted in the development of what other metal smelting?
{ "answer_start": [ 1524 ], "text": [ "iron smelting" ] }
570955119928a81400471536
Copper
Copper occurs naturally as native copper and was known to some of the oldest civilizations on record. It has a history of use that is at least 10,000 years old, and estimates of its discovery place it at 9000 BC in the Middle East; a copper pendant was found in northern Iraq that dates to 8700 BC. There is evidence tha...
When did Natural bronze start to be used by the general public?
{ "answer_start": [ 1773 ], "text": [ "5500 BC" ] }
5709595eefce8f15003a7e10
Copper
The gates of the Temple of Jerusalem used Corinthian bronze made by depletion gilding. It was most prevalent in Alexandria, where alchemy is thought to have begun. In ancient India, copper was used in the holistic medical science Ayurveda for surgical instruments and other medical equipment. Ancient Egyptians (~2400 BC...
What material were the gates of the Temple of Jerusalem made from?
{ "answer_start": [ 42 ], "text": [ "Corinthian bronze" ] }
5709595eefce8f15003a7e11
Copper
The gates of the Temple of Jerusalem used Corinthian bronze made by depletion gilding. It was most prevalent in Alexandria, where alchemy is thought to have begun. In ancient India, copper was used in the holistic medical science Ayurveda for surgical instruments and other medical equipment. Ancient Egyptians (~2400 BC...
How is Corinthian bronze made?
{ "answer_start": [ 68 ], "text": [ "depletion gilding" ] }
5709595eefce8f15003a7e12
Copper
The gates of the Temple of Jerusalem used Corinthian bronze made by depletion gilding. It was most prevalent in Alexandria, where alchemy is thought to have begun. In ancient India, copper was used in the holistic medical science Ayurveda for surgical instruments and other medical equipment. Ancient Egyptians (~2400 BC...
Where do archeologists believe that alchemy was first practiced?
{ "answer_start": [ 112 ], "text": [ "Alexandria" ] }
5709595eefce8f15003a7e13
Copper
The gates of the Temple of Jerusalem used Corinthian bronze made by depletion gilding. It was most prevalent in Alexandria, where alchemy is thought to have begun. In ancient India, copper was used in the holistic medical science Ayurveda for surgical instruments and other medical equipment. Ancient Egyptians (~2400 BC...
What metal was used to make surgical equipment in ancient India?
{ "answer_start": [ 182 ], "text": [ "copper" ] }
5709595eefce8f15003a7e14
Copper
The gates of the Temple of Jerusalem used Corinthian bronze made by depletion gilding. It was most prevalent in Alexandria, where alchemy is thought to have begun. In ancient India, copper was used in the holistic medical science Ayurveda for surgical instruments and other medical equipment. Ancient Egyptians (~2400 BC...
What is the name of the battery that was developed using copper in 248 BC?
{ "answer_start": [ 429 ], "text": [ "Baghdad Battery" ] }
57095c13efce8f15003a7e20
Copper
Despite competition from other materials, copper remains the preferred electrical conductor in nearly all categories of electrical wiring with the major exception being overhead electric power transmission where aluminium is often preferred. Copper wire is used in power generation, power transmission, power distributio...
What metal is used most often in electrical wiring?
{ "answer_start": [ 42 ], "text": [ "copper" ] }
57095c13efce8f15003a7e21
Copper
Despite competition from other materials, copper remains the preferred electrical conductor in nearly all categories of electrical wiring with the major exception being overhead electric power transmission where aluminium is often preferred. Copper wire is used in power generation, power transmission, power distributio...
What is the most important market for copper today?
{ "answer_start": [ 411 ], "text": [ "Electrical wiring" ] }
57095c13efce8f15003a7e22
Copper
Despite competition from other materials, copper remains the preferred electrical conductor in nearly all categories of electrical wiring with the major exception being overhead electric power transmission where aluminium is often preferred. Copper wire is used in power generation, power transmission, power distributio...
How much of mined copper is used for cables and electrical wiring?
{ "answer_start": [ 620 ], "text": [ "Roughly half" ] }
57095c13efce8f15003a7e23
Copper
Despite competition from other materials, copper remains the preferred electrical conductor in nearly all categories of electrical wiring with the major exception being overhead electric power transmission where aluminium is often preferred. Copper wire is used in power generation, power transmission, power distributio...
What metal are most overhead electrical wires made out of?
{ "answer_start": [ 212 ], "text": [ "aluminium" ] }
57095c13efce8f15003a7e24
Copper
Despite competition from other materials, copper remains the preferred electrical conductor in nearly all categories of electrical wiring with the major exception being overhead electric power transmission where aluminium is often preferred. Copper wire is used in power generation, power transmission, power distributio...
What is one property of copper that makes it so useful in electrical wiring?
{ "answer_start": [ 832 ], "text": [ "high electrical conductivity" ] }
57095defed30961900e84004
Copper
Copper is biostatic, meaning bacteria will not grow on it. For this reason it has long been used to line parts of ships to protect against barnacles and mussels. It was originally used pure, but has since been superseded by Muntz metal. Similarly, as discussed in copper alloys in aquaculture, copper alloys have become ...
What word means that bacteria won't grow on a substrate?
{ "answer_start": [ 10 ], "text": [ "biostatic" ] }
57095defed30961900e84006
Copper
Copper is biostatic, meaning bacteria will not grow on it. For this reason it has long been used to line parts of ships to protect against barnacles and mussels. It was originally used pure, but has since been superseded by Muntz metal. Similarly, as discussed in copper alloys in aquaculture, copper alloys have become ...
What has pure copper been replaced with in the building of ships?
{ "answer_start": [ 224 ], "text": [ "Muntz metal" ] }
57095defed30961900e84005
Copper
Copper is biostatic, meaning bacteria will not grow on it. For this reason it has long been used to line parts of ships to protect against barnacles and mussels. It was originally used pure, but has since been superseded by Muntz metal. Similarly, as discussed in copper alloys in aquaculture, copper alloys have become ...
Because of copper's biostatic properties where is a common use for copper?
{ "answer_start": [ 114 ], "text": [ "ships" ] }
57095defed30961900e84007
Copper
Copper is biostatic, meaning bacteria will not grow on it. For this reason it has long been used to line parts of ships to protect against barnacles and mussels. It was originally used pure, but has since been superseded by Muntz metal. Similarly, as discussed in copper alloys in aquaculture, copper alloys have become ...
In the aquaculture industry what is copper alloys commonly used to make?
{ "answer_start": [ 330 ], "text": [ "netting materials" ] }
57095defed30961900e84008
Copper
Copper is biostatic, meaning bacteria will not grow on it. For this reason it has long been used to line parts of ships to protect against barnacles and mussels. It was originally used pure, but has since been superseded by Muntz metal. Similarly, as discussed in copper alloys in aquaculture, copper alloys have become ...
Name a property that makes copper a good material to use in marine environments?
{ "answer_start": [ 489 ], "text": [ "corrosion-resistant" ] }
5709614c200fba1400367f0b
Copper
Copper, silver and gold are in group 11 of the periodic table, and they share certain attributes: they have one s-orbital electron on top of a filled d-electron shell and are characterized by high ductility and electrical conductivity. The filled d-shells in these elements do not contribute much to the interatomic inte...
What group of the periodic table is copper in?
{ "answer_start": [ 31 ], "text": [ "group 11" ] }
5709614c200fba1400367f0c
Copper
Copper, silver and gold are in group 11 of the periodic table, and they share certain attributes: they have one s-orbital electron on top of a filled d-electron shell and are characterized by high ductility and electrical conductivity. The filled d-shells in these elements do not contribute much to the interatomic inte...
Name a property that copper, silver and gold have in common.
{ "answer_start": [ 108 ], "text": [ "one s-orbital electron" ] }
5709614c200fba1400367f0d
Copper
Copper, silver and gold are in group 11 of the periodic table, and they share certain attributes: they have one s-orbital electron on top of a filled d-electron shell and are characterized by high ductility and electrical conductivity. The filled d-shells in these elements do not contribute much to the interatomic inte...
What makes copper bondings weaker than other metals?
{ "answer_start": [ 143 ], "text": [ "filled d-electron shell" ] }
5709614c200fba1400367f0e
Copper
Copper, silver and gold are in group 11 of the periodic table, and they share certain attributes: they have one s-orbital electron on top of a filled d-electron shell and are characterized by high ductility and electrical conductivity. The filled d-shells in these elements do not contribute much to the interatomic inte...
How is copper normally supplied?
{ "answer_start": [ 838 ], "text": [ "fine-grained polycrystalline form" ] }
5709614c200fba1400367f0f
Copper
Copper, silver and gold are in group 11 of the periodic table, and they share certain attributes: they have one s-orbital electron on top of a filled d-electron shell and are characterized by high ductility and electrical conductivity. The filled d-shells in these elements do not contribute much to the interatomic inte...
What is a weaker form of copper than fine-grained polycrystalline?
{ "answer_start": [ 905 ], "text": [ "monocrystalline forms" ] }
570962e2ed30961900e8404e
Copper
Copper is synthesized in massive stars and is present in the Earth's crust at a concentration of about 50 parts per million (ppm), where it occurs as native copper or in minerals such as the copper sulfides chalcopyrite and chalcocite, the copper carbonates azurite and malachite, and the copper(I) oxide mineral cuprite...
What is the concentration of copper in the earths crust.
{ "answer_start": [ 103 ], "text": [ "50 parts per million" ] }
570962e2ed30961900e8404f
Copper
Copper is synthesized in massive stars and is present in the Earth's crust at a concentration of about 50 parts per million (ppm), where it occurs as native copper or in minerals such as the copper sulfides chalcopyrite and chalcocite, the copper carbonates azurite and malachite, and the copper(I) oxide mineral cuprite...
How large was the biggest find of copper?
{ "answer_start": [ 378 ], "text": [ "420 tonnes" ] }
570962e2ed30961900e84050
Copper
Copper is synthesized in massive stars and is present in the Earth's crust at a concentration of about 50 parts per million (ppm), where it occurs as native copper or in minerals such as the copper sulfides chalcopyrite and chalcocite, the copper carbonates azurite and malachite, and the copper(I) oxide mineral cuprite...
What year was the largest find of copper discovered?
{ "answer_start": [ 406 ], "text": [ "1857" ] }
570962e2ed30961900e84052
Copper
Copper is synthesized in massive stars and is present in the Earth's crust at a concentration of about 50 parts per million (ppm), where it occurs as native copper or in minerals such as the copper sulfides chalcopyrite and chalcocite, the copper carbonates azurite and malachite, and the copper(I) oxide mineral cuprite...
How big is the largest copper crystal that has been found?
{ "answer_start": [ 538 ], "text": [ "4.4×3.2×3.2 cm" ] }
570962e2ed30961900e84051
Copper
Copper is synthesized in massive stars and is present in the Earth's crust at a concentration of about 50 parts per million (ppm), where it occurs as native copper or in minerals such as the copper sulfides chalcopyrite and chalcocite, the copper carbonates azurite and malachite, and the copper(I) oxide mineral cuprite...
Where was the largest mass of copper found?
{ "answer_start": [ 440 ], "text": [ "Michigan, US" ] }
57096523ed30961900e8408c
Copper
In Greece, copper was known by the name chalkos (χαλκός). It was an important resource for the Romans, Greeks and other ancient peoples. In Roman times, it was known as aes Cyprium, aes being the generic Latin term for copper alloys and Cyprium from Cyprus, where much copper was mined. The phrase was simplified to cupr...
What was copper called in Greece?
{ "answer_start": [ 40 ], "text": [ "chalkos" ] }
57096523ed30961900e8408d
Copper
In Greece, copper was known by the name chalkos (χαλκός). It was an important resource for the Romans, Greeks and other ancient peoples. In Roman times, it was known as aes Cyprium, aes being the generic Latin term for copper alloys and Cyprium from Cyprus, where much copper was mined. The phrase was simplified to cupr...
In what area was copper first mined?
{ "answer_start": [ 250 ], "text": [ "Cyprus" ] }
57096523ed30961900e8408e
Copper
In Greece, copper was known by the name chalkos (χαλκός). It was an important resource for the Romans, Greeks and other ancient peoples. In Roman times, it was known as aes Cyprium, aes being the generic Latin term for copper alloys and Cyprium from Cyprus, where much copper was mined. The phrase was simplified to cupr...
What is the Greek goddess that symbolizes copper?
{ "answer_start": [ 350 ], "text": [ "Aphrodite" ] }
57096523ed30961900e8408f
Copper
In Greece, copper was known by the name chalkos (χαλκός). It was an important resource for the Romans, Greeks and other ancient peoples. In Roman times, it was known as aes Cyprium, aes being the generic Latin term for copper alloys and Cyprium from Cyprus, where much copper was mined. The phrase was simplified to cupr...
What is the Roman goddess that symbolizes copper?
{ "answer_start": [ 364 ], "text": [ "Venus" ] }
57096523ed30961900e84090
Copper
In Greece, copper was known by the name chalkos (χαλκός). It was an important resource for the Romans, Greeks and other ancient peoples. In Roman times, it was known as aes Cyprium, aes being the generic Latin term for copper alloys and Cyprium from Cyprus, where much copper was mined. The phrase was simplified to cupr...
What property does copper have that links it to Aphrodite and Venus?
{ "answer_start": [ 430 ], "text": [ "lustrous beauty" ] }
570967d5200fba1400367f63
Copper
Compounds that contain a carbon-copper bond are known as organocopper compounds. They are very reactive towards oxygen to form copper(I) oxide and have many uses in chemistry. They are synthesized by treating copper(I) compounds with Grignard reagents, terminal alkynes or organolithium reagents; in particular, the last...
What are compounds that have a carbon-copper bond called?
{ "answer_start": [ 57 ], "text": [ "organocopper compounds" ] }
570967d5200fba1400367f64
Copper
Compounds that contain a carbon-copper bond are known as organocopper compounds. They are very reactive towards oxygen to form copper(I) oxide and have many uses in chemistry. They are synthesized by treating copper(I) compounds with Grignard reagents, terminal alkynes or organolithium reagents; in particular, the last...
What does organocopper compounds reactions toward oxygen form?
{ "answer_start": [ 127 ], "text": [ "copper(I) oxide" ] }
570967d5200fba1400367f65
Copper
Compounds that contain a carbon-copper bond are known as organocopper compounds. They are very reactive towards oxygen to form copper(I) oxide and have many uses in chemistry. They are synthesized by treating copper(I) compounds with Grignard reagents, terminal alkynes or organolithium reagents; in particular, the last...
What is produced when copper compounds are treated with organolithium reagents?
{ "answer_start": [ 351 ], "text": [ "Gilman reagent" ] }
570967d5200fba1400367f66
Copper
Compounds that contain a carbon-copper bond are known as organocopper compounds. They are very reactive towards oxygen to form copper(I) oxide and have many uses in chemistry. They are synthesized by treating copper(I) compounds with Grignard reagents, terminal alkynes or organolithium reagents; in particular, the last...
Coupling products can be made by substituting Gilman reagent with what?
{ "answer_start": [ 403 ], "text": [ "alkyl halides" ] }
570967d5200fba1400367f67
Copper
Compounds that contain a carbon-copper bond are known as organocopper compounds. They are very reactive towards oxygen to form copper(I) oxide and have many uses in chemistry. They are synthesized by treating copper(I) compounds with Grignard reagents, terminal alkynes or organolithium reagents; in particular, the last...
Which form of copper is shock sensitive?
{ "answer_start": [ 507 ], "text": [ "Copper(I) acetylide" ] }
57096959200fba1400367f89
Copper
The uses of copper in art were not limited to currency: it was used by Renaissance sculptors, in photographic technology known as the daguerreotype, and the Statue of Liberty. Copper plating and copper sheathing for ships' hulls was widespread; the ships of Christopher Columbus were among the earliest to have this feat...
Who used copper to produce art?
{ "answer_start": [ 71 ], "text": [ "Renaissance sculptors" ] }
57096959200fba1400367f8a
Copper
The uses of copper in art were not limited to currency: it was used by Renaissance sculptors, in photographic technology known as the daguerreotype, and the Statue of Liberty. Copper plating and copper sheathing for ships' hulls was widespread; the ships of Christopher Columbus were among the earliest to have this feat...
What is the photographic technology that uses copper called?
{ "answer_start": [ 134 ], "text": [ "daguerreotype" ] }
57096959200fba1400367f8b
Copper
The uses of copper in art were not limited to currency: it was used by Renaissance sculptors, in photographic technology known as the daguerreotype, and the Statue of Liberty. Copper plating and copper sheathing for ships' hulls was widespread; the ships of Christopher Columbus were among the earliest to have this feat...
What famous NY city landmark is made from copper?
{ "answer_start": [ 157 ], "text": [ "Statue of Liberty" ] }
57096959200fba1400367f8c
Copper
The uses of copper in art were not limited to currency: it was used by Renaissance sculptors, in photographic technology known as the daguerreotype, and the Statue of Liberty. Copper plating and copper sheathing for ships' hulls was widespread; the ships of Christopher Columbus were among the earliest to have this feat...
What famous explorers ships was one of the first to have it's hulls made of copper?
{ "answer_start": [ 258 ], "text": [ "Christopher Columbus" ] }
57096959200fba1400367f8d
Copper
The uses of copper in art were not limited to currency: it was used by Renaissance sculptors, in photographic technology known as the daguerreotype, and the Statue of Liberty. Copper plating and copper sheathing for ships' hulls was widespread; the ships of Christopher Columbus were among the earliest to have this feat...
When did The Norddeutsche Affinerie electroplating plant first begin production?
{ "answer_start": [ 505 ], "text": [ "1830" ] }
57096ba1200fba1400367fb1
Copper
Copper's greater conductivity versus other metals enhances the electrical energy efficiency of motors. This is important because motors and motor-driven systems account for 43%-46% of all global electricity consumption and 69% of all electricity used by industry. Increasing the mass and cross section of copper in a coi...
What property of copper increases the efficiency of electrical motors?
{ "answer_start": [ 17 ], "text": [ "conductivity" ] }
57096ba1200fba1400367fb2
Copper
Copper's greater conductivity versus other metals enhances the electrical energy efficiency of motors. This is important because motors and motor-driven systems account for 43%-46% of all global electricity consumption and 69% of all electricity used by industry. Increasing the mass and cross section of copper in a coi...
What percentage of electrical consumption does motor systems use globally?
{ "answer_start": [ 173 ], "text": [ "43%-46%" ] }
57096ba1200fba1400367fb3
Copper
Copper's greater conductivity versus other metals enhances the electrical energy efficiency of motors. This is important because motors and motor-driven systems account for 43%-46% of all global electricity consumption and 69% of all electricity used by industry. Increasing the mass and cross section of copper in a coi...
What percentage of electrical consumption does motor systems use in industry?
{ "answer_start": [ 223 ], "text": [ "69%" ] }
57096ba1200fba1400367fb4
Copper
Copper's greater conductivity versus other metals enhances the electrical energy efficiency of motors. This is important because motors and motor-driven systems account for 43%-46% of all global electricity consumption and 69% of all electricity used by industry. Increasing the mass and cross section of copper in a coi...
What does the acronym NEMA stand for?
{ "answer_start": [ 564 ], "text": [ "National Electrical Manufacturers Association" ] }
57096ba1200fba1400367fb5
Copper
Copper's greater conductivity versus other metals enhances the electrical energy efficiency of motors. This is important because motors and motor-driven systems account for 43%-46% of all global electricity consumption and 69% of all electricity used by industry. Increasing the mass and cross section of copper in a coi...
By using copper motor rotor technology it is allowing industry to exceed what standards?
{ "answer_start": [ 625 ], "text": [ "efficiency standards" ] }
57096cd6ed30961900e840e8
Copper
Chromobacterium violaceum and Pseudomonas fluorescens can both mobilize solid copper, as a cyanide compound. The ericoid mycorrhizal fungi associated with Calluna, Erica and Vaccinium can grow in copper metalliferous soils. The ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus luteus protects young pine trees from copper toxicity. A samp...
Name a compond that can mobilize sold copper?
{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "Chromobacterium violaceum" ] }
57096cd6ed30961900e840e9
Copper
Chromobacterium violaceum and Pseudomonas fluorescens can both mobilize solid copper, as a cyanide compound. The ericoid mycorrhizal fungi associated with Calluna, Erica and Vaccinium can grow in copper metalliferous soils. The ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus luteus protects young pine trees from copper toxicity. A samp...
What fungi can grow in copper metalliferous soils?
{ "answer_start": [ 113 ], "text": [ "ericoid mycorrhizal fungi" ] }
57096cd6ed30961900e840ea
Copper
Chromobacterium violaceum and Pseudomonas fluorescens can both mobilize solid copper, as a cyanide compound. The ericoid mycorrhizal fungi associated with Calluna, Erica and Vaccinium can grow in copper metalliferous soils. The ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus luteus protects young pine trees from copper toxicity. A samp...
What fungus protects pine trees from copper toxicity?
{ "answer_start": [ 251 ], "text": [ "Suillus luteus" ] }
57096cd6ed30961900e840eb
Copper
Chromobacterium violaceum and Pseudomonas fluorescens can both mobilize solid copper, as a cyanide compound. The ericoid mycorrhizal fungi associated with Calluna, Erica and Vaccinium can grow in copper metalliferous soils. The ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus luteus protects young pine trees from copper toxicity. A samp...
What fungus grows from gold mining solution?
{ "answer_start": [ 337 ], "text": [ "Aspergillus niger" ] }
57096cd6ed30961900e840ec
Copper
Chromobacterium violaceum and Pseudomonas fluorescens can both mobilize solid copper, as a cyanide compound. The ericoid mycorrhizal fungi associated with Calluna, Erica and Vaccinium can grow in copper metalliferous soils. The ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus luteus protects young pine trees from copper toxicity. A samp...
What fungus helps to soften heavy metal sulfides?
{ "answer_start": [ 330 ], "text": [ "fungus Aspergillus" ] }
57096ee9ed30961900e8410c
Copper
Copper-alloy touch surfaces have natural intrinsic properties to destroy a wide range of microorganisms (e.g., E. coli O157:H7, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus, Clostridium difficile, influenza A virus, adenovirus, and fungi). Some 355 copper alloys were proven to kill more than 99.9%...
What is an intrinsic property of copper-alloy touch surfaces?
{ "answer_start": [ 509 ], "text": [ "antimicrobial" ] }