id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 442
values | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 270 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
57096ee9ed30961900e8410d | Copper | Copper-alloy touch surfaces have natural intrinsic properties to destroy a wide range of microorganisms (e.g., E. coli O157:H7, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus, Clostridium difficile, influenza A virus, adenovirus, and fungi). Some 355 copper alloys were proven to kill more than 99.9%... | 355 copper alloys have been proven to kill what percentage of bacteria? | {
"answer_start": [
315
],
"text": [
"99.9%"
]
} |
57096ee9ed30961900e8410e | Copper | Copper-alloy touch surfaces have natural intrinsic properties to destroy a wide range of microorganisms (e.g., E. coli O157:H7, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus, Clostridium difficile, influenza A virus, adenovirus, and fungi). Some 355 copper alloys were proven to kill more than 99.9%... | What does the acronym EPA stand for? | {
"answer_start": [
413
],
"text": [
"Environmental Protection Agency"
]
} |
57096ee9ed30961900e8410f | Copper | Copper-alloy touch surfaces have natural intrinsic properties to destroy a wide range of microorganisms (e.g., E. coli O157:H7, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus, Clostridium difficile, influenza A virus, adenovirus, and fungi). Some 355 copper alloys were proven to kill more than 99.9%... | How many copper alloys has the EPA approved as antimicrobial materials? | {
"answer_start": [
267
],
"text": [
"355"
]
} |
57096ee9ed30961900e84110 | Copper | Copper-alloy touch surfaces have natural intrinsic properties to destroy a wide range of microorganisms (e.g., E. coli O157:H7, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus, Clostridium difficile, influenza A virus, adenovirus, and fungi). Some 355 copper alloys were proven to kill more than 99.9%... | What disease do hospitals hope to prevent by installing copper doornobs? | {
"answer_start": [
1166
],
"text": [
"Legionnaires' disease"
]
} |
570970afed30961900e8413c | Copper | Copper compounds in liquid form are used as a wood preservative, particularly in treating original portion of structures during restoration of damage due to dry rot. Together with zinc, copper wires may be placed over non-conductive roofing materials to discourage the growth of moss.[citation needed] Textile fibers use... | What are copper compounds in liquid form used for? | {
"answer_start": [
46
],
"text": [
"wood preservative"
]
} |
570970afed30961900e8413d | Copper | Copper compounds in liquid form are used as a wood preservative, particularly in treating original portion of structures during restoration of damage due to dry rot. Together with zinc, copper wires may be placed over non-conductive roofing materials to discourage the growth of moss.[citation needed] Textile fibers use... | What does copper wires along with zinc on roofs help to prevent? | {
"answer_start": [
279
],
"text": [
"moss"
]
} |
570970afed30961900e8413e | Copper | Copper compounds in liquid form are used as a wood preservative, particularly in treating original portion of structures during restoration of damage due to dry rot. Together with zinc, copper wires may be placed over non-conductive roofing materials to discourage the growth of moss.[citation needed] Textile fibers use... | What function does copper serve when used in textile fibers? | {
"answer_start": [
338
],
"text": [
"antimicrobial protective fabrics"
]
} |
570970afed30961900e8413f | Copper | Copper compounds in liquid form are used as a wood preservative, particularly in treating original portion of structures during restoration of damage due to dry rot. Together with zinc, copper wires may be placed over non-conductive roofing materials to discourage the growth of moss.[citation needed] Textile fibers use... | How is copper used with nickel? | {
"answer_start": [
469
],
"text": [
"as a base"
]
} |
570970afed30961900e84140 | Copper | Copper compounds in liquid form are used as a wood preservative, particularly in treating original portion of structures during restoration of damage due to dry rot. Together with zinc, copper wires may be placed over non-conductive roofing materials to discourage the growth of moss.[citation needed] Textile fibers use... | What is used to treat structures for dry rot? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Copper compounds"
]
} |
570971cb200fba1400368003 | Copper | Copper has been in use at least 10,000 years, but more than 95% of all copper ever mined and smelted has been extracted since 1900, and more than half was extracted in only the last 24 years. As with many natural resources, the total amount of copper on Earth is vast (around 1014 tons just in the top kilometer of Earth... | How long has copper been in use? | {
"answer_start": [
23
],
"text": [
"at least 10,000 years"
]
} |
570971cb200fba1400368004 | Copper | Copper has been in use at least 10,000 years, but more than 95% of all copper ever mined and smelted has been extracted since 1900, and more than half was extracted in only the last 24 years. As with many natural resources, the total amount of copper on Earth is vast (around 1014 tons just in the top kilometer of Earth... | What percentage of copper has been extracted since 1900? | {
"answer_start": [
60
],
"text": [
"95%"
]
} |
570971cb200fba1400368005 | Copper | Copper has been in use at least 10,000 years, but more than 95% of all copper ever mined and smelted has been extracted since 1900, and more than half was extracted in only the last 24 years. As with many natural resources, the total amount of copper on Earth is vast (around 1014 tons just in the top kilometer of Earth... | How much of mined cooper has been extracted in the last 24 years? | {
"answer_start": [
136
],
"text": [
"more than half"
]
} |
570971cb200fba1400368006 | Copper | Copper has been in use at least 10,000 years, but more than 95% of all copper ever mined and smelted has been extracted since 1900, and more than half was extracted in only the last 24 years. As with many natural resources, the total amount of copper on Earth is vast (around 1014 tons just in the top kilometer of Earth... | How much copper is estimated to exsist on earth? | {
"answer_start": [
276
],
"text": [
"1014 tons"
]
} |
570971cb200fba1400368007 | Copper | Copper has been in use at least 10,000 years, but more than 95% of all copper ever mined and smelted has been extracted since 1900, and more than half was extracted in only the last 24 years. As with many natural resources, the total amount of copper on Earth is vast (around 1014 tons just in the top kilometer of Earth... | What is a major source of cooper in modern times? | {
"answer_start": [
667
],
"text": [
"Recycling"
]
} |
57097382ed30961900e8417e | Copper | The cultural role of copper has been important, particularly in currency. Romans in the 6th through 3rd centuries BC used copper lumps as money. At first, the copper itself was valued, but gradually the shape and look of the copper became more important. Julius Caesar had his own coins made from brass, while Octavianus... | What did Romans use as money in the 6th through 3rd centuriesBC? | {
"answer_start": [
122
],
"text": [
"copper lumps"
]
} |
57097382ed30961900e84182 | Copper | The cultural role of copper has been important, particularly in currency. Romans in the 6th through 3rd centuries BC used copper lumps as money. At first, the copper itself was valued, but gradually the shape and look of the copper became more important. Julius Caesar had his own coins made from brass, while Octavianus... | What became more important than the copper value for Roman coins? | {
"answer_start": [
199
],
"text": [
"the shape and look"
]
} |
57097382ed30961900e8417f | Copper | The cultural role of copper has been important, particularly in currency. Romans in the 6th through 3rd centuries BC used copper lumps as money. At first, the copper itself was valued, but gradually the shape and look of the copper became more important. Julius Caesar had his own coins made from brass, while Octavianus... | Who had his own coins produced out of brass? | {
"answer_start": [
255
],
"text": [
"Julius Caesar"
]
} |
57097382ed30961900e84180 | Copper | The cultural role of copper has been important, particularly in currency. Romans in the 6th through 3rd centuries BC used copper lumps as money. At first, the copper itself was valued, but gradually the shape and look of the copper became more important. Julius Caesar had his own coins made from brass, while Octavianus... | During the 6th through 3rd centuries BC how much copper was mined in Rome? | {
"answer_start": [
419
],
"text": [
"15,000 t"
]
} |
57097382ed30961900e84181 | Copper | The cultural role of copper has been important, particularly in currency. Romans in the 6th through 3rd centuries BC used copper lumps as money. At first, the copper itself was valued, but gradually the shape and look of the copper became more important. Julius Caesar had his own coins made from brass, while Octavianus... | Cctavianus Augustus Caesar had his coins made out of what alloys? | {
"answer_start": [
360
],
"text": [
"Cu-Pb-Sn alloys"
]
} |
570974d8200fba140036801f | Copper | The major applications of copper are in electrical wires (60%), roofing and plumbing (20%) and industrial machinery (15%). Copper is mostly used as a pure metal, but when a higher hardness is required it is combined with other elements to make an alloy (5% of total use) such as brass and bronze. A small part of copper ... | What percentage of copper is used in electrical wires? | {
"answer_start": [
58
],
"text": [
"60%"
]
} |
570974d8200fba1400368020 | Copper | The major applications of copper are in electrical wires (60%), roofing and plumbing (20%) and industrial machinery (15%). Copper is mostly used as a pure metal, but when a higher hardness is required it is combined with other elements to make an alloy (5% of total use) such as brass and bronze. A small part of copper ... | What percentage of copper is used in roofing and plumbing? | {
"answer_start": [
86
],
"text": [
"20%"
]
} |
570974d8200fba1400368021 | Copper | The major applications of copper are in electrical wires (60%), roofing and plumbing (20%) and industrial machinery (15%). Copper is mostly used as a pure metal, but when a higher hardness is required it is combined with other elements to make an alloy (5% of total use) such as brass and bronze. A small part of copper ... | What percentage of copper is used in industrial machinery? | {
"answer_start": [
117
],
"text": [
"15%"
]
} |
570974d8200fba1400368022 | Copper | The major applications of copper are in electrical wires (60%), roofing and plumbing (20%) and industrial machinery (15%). Copper is mostly used as a pure metal, but when a higher hardness is required it is combined with other elements to make an alloy (5% of total use) such as brass and bronze. A small part of copper ... | What property does combining copper with brass or bronze create? | {
"answer_start": [
180
],
"text": [
"hardness"
]
} |
570974d8200fba1400368023 | Copper | The major applications of copper are in electrical wires (60%), roofing and plumbing (20%) and industrial machinery (15%). Copper is mostly used as a pure metal, but when a higher hardness is required it is combined with other elements to make an alloy (5% of total use) such as brass and bronze. A small part of copper ... | What is a metal that copper is combined with to create a greater hardness? | {
"answer_start": [
279
],
"text": [
"brass"
]
} |
57097747200fba1400368029 | Copper | The softness of copper partly explains its high electrical conductivity (59.6×106 S/m) and thus also high thermal conductivity, which are the second highest (to silver) among pure metals at room temperature. This is because the resistivity to electron transport in metals at room temperature mostly originates from scatt... | What is the explanation for copper's capacity for electrical conductivity? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"The softness"
]
} |
57097747200fba140036802a | Copper | The softness of copper partly explains its high electrical conductivity (59.6×106 S/m) and thus also high thermal conductivity, which are the second highest (to silver) among pure metals at room temperature. This is because the resistivity to electron transport in metals at room temperature mostly originates from scatt... | What metal has a higher thermal conductivity than copper? | {
"answer_start": [
161
],
"text": [
"silver"
]
} |
57097747200fba140036802b | Copper | The softness of copper partly explains its high electrical conductivity (59.6×106 S/m) and thus also high thermal conductivity, which are the second highest (to silver) among pure metals at room temperature. This is because the resistivity to electron transport in metals at room temperature mostly originates from scatt... | What is the maximum premissible current density in open air of copper? | {
"answer_start": [
500
],
"text": [
"3.1×106 A/m2"
]
} |
57097747200fba140036802c | Copper | The softness of copper partly explains its high electrical conductivity (59.6×106 S/m) and thus also high thermal conductivity, which are the second highest (to silver) among pure metals at room temperature. This is because the resistivity to electron transport in metals at room temperature mostly originates from scatt... | What occurs when copper is placed touching another metal? | {
"answer_start": [
655
],
"text": [
"corrosion"
]
} |
57097747200fba140036802d | Copper | The softness of copper partly explains its high electrical conductivity (59.6×106 S/m) and thus also high thermal conductivity, which are the second highest (to silver) among pure metals at room temperature. This is because the resistivity to electron transport in metals at room temperature mostly originates from scatt... | What happens to copper if an electrical current gets too high? | {
"answer_start": [
550
],
"text": [
"it begins to heat excessively"
]
} |
570978be200fba1400368039 | Copper | Most copper is mined or extracted as copper sulfides from large open pit mines in porphyry copper deposits that contain 0.4 to 1.0% copper. Examples include Chuquicamata in Chile, Bingham Canyon Mine in Utah, United States and El Chino Mine in New Mexico, United States. According to the British Geological Survey, in 20... | In what form is copper extracted? | {
"answer_start": [
37
],
"text": [
"copper sulfides"
]
} |
570978be200fba140036803a | Copper | Most copper is mined or extracted as copper sulfides from large open pit mines in porphyry copper deposits that contain 0.4 to 1.0% copper. Examples include Chuquicamata in Chile, Bingham Canyon Mine in Utah, United States and El Chino Mine in New Mexico, United States. According to the British Geological Survey, in 20... | From what types of mines is copper extracted? | {
"answer_start": [
64
],
"text": [
"open pit mines"
]
} |
570978be200fba140036803b | Copper | Most copper is mined or extracted as copper sulfides from large open pit mines in porphyry copper deposits that contain 0.4 to 1.0% copper. Examples include Chuquicamata in Chile, Bingham Canyon Mine in Utah, United States and El Chino Mine in New Mexico, United States. According to the British Geological Survey, in 20... | What percentage of copper do the deposits have that are extracted? | {
"answer_start": [
120
],
"text": [
"0.4 to 1.0% copper"
]
} |
570978be200fba140036803c | Copper | Most copper is mined or extracted as copper sulfides from large open pit mines in porphyry copper deposits that contain 0.4 to 1.0% copper. Examples include Chuquicamata in Chile, Bingham Canyon Mine in Utah, United States and El Chino Mine in New Mexico, United States. According to the British Geological Survey, in 20... | What country was the top producer of copper in 2005? | {
"answer_start": [
324
],
"text": [
"Chile"
]
} |
570978be200fba140036803d | Copper | Most copper is mined or extracted as copper sulfides from large open pit mines in porphyry copper deposits that contain 0.4 to 1.0% copper. Examples include Chuquicamata in Chile, Bingham Canyon Mine in Utah, United States and El Chino Mine in New Mexico, United States. According to the British Geological Survey, in 20... | What is the name of the process being considered in Arizona that allows copper to be recovered? | {
"answer_start": [
494
],
"text": [
"in-situ leach process"
]
} |
57097a0bed30961900e841ca | Copper | Like aluminium, copper is 100% recyclable without any loss of quality, regardless of whether it is in a raw state or contained in a manufactured product. In volume, copper is the third most recycled metal after iron and aluminium. It is estimated that 80% of the copper ever mined is still in use today. According to the... | What percent of copper is recyclable? | {
"answer_start": [
26
],
"text": [
"100%"
]
} |
57097a0bed30961900e841cb | Copper | Like aluminium, copper is 100% recyclable without any loss of quality, regardless of whether it is in a raw state or contained in a manufactured product. In volume, copper is the third most recycled metal after iron and aluminium. It is estimated that 80% of the copper ever mined is still in use today. According to the... | What percentage of copper that has been mined is still being used today? | {
"answer_start": [
252
],
"text": [
"80%"
]
} |
57097a0bed30961900e841cc | Copper | Like aluminium, copper is 100% recyclable without any loss of quality, regardless of whether it is in a raw state or contained in a manufactured product. In volume, copper is the third most recycled metal after iron and aluminium. It is estimated that 80% of the copper ever mined is still in use today. According to the... | What other metal besides copper is 100% recyclable? | {
"answer_start": [
5
],
"text": [
"aluminium"
]
} |
57097a0bed30961900e841cd | Copper | Like aluminium, copper is 100% recyclable without any loss of quality, regardless of whether it is in a raw state or contained in a manufactured product. In volume, copper is the third most recycled metal after iron and aluminium. It is estimated that 80% of the copper ever mined is still in use today. According to the... | Name a metal that is recycled more often than copper? | {
"answer_start": [
220
],
"text": [
"aluminium"
]
} |
57097a0bed30961900e841ce | Copper | Like aluminium, copper is 100% recyclable without any loss of quality, regardless of whether it is in a raw state or contained in a manufactured product. In volume, copper is the third most recycled metal after iron and aluminium. It is estimated that 80% of the copper ever mined is still in use today. According to the... | What is the amount of copper in use, per capita, globally? | {
"answer_start": [
443
],
"text": [
"35–55 kg"
]
} |
57097f5e200fba1400368091 | Copper | The metal's distinctive natural green patina has long been coveted by architects and designers. The final patina is a particularly durable layer that is highly resistant to atmospheric corrosion, thereby protecting the underlying metal against further weathering. It can be a mixture of carbonate and sulfate compounds i... | What pigment color is natural to copper? | {
"answer_start": [
32
],
"text": [
"green"
]
} |
57097f5e200fba1400368092 | Copper | The metal's distinctive natural green patina has long been coveted by architects and designers. The final patina is a particularly durable layer that is highly resistant to atmospheric corrosion, thereby protecting the underlying metal against further weathering. It can be a mixture of carbonate and sulfate compounds i... | What property does the final patina on cooper have? | {
"answer_start": [
153
],
"text": [
"highly resistant to atmospheric corrosion"
]
} |
57097f5e200fba1400368093 | Copper | The metal's distinctive natural green patina has long been coveted by architects and designers. The final patina is a particularly durable layer that is highly resistant to atmospheric corrosion, thereby protecting the underlying metal against further weathering. It can be a mixture of carbonate and sulfate compounds i... | What mixture of compounds is the final patina? | {
"answer_start": [
287
],
"text": [
"carbonate and sulfate"
]
} |
57097f5e200fba1400368094 | Copper | The metal's distinctive natural green patina has long been coveted by architects and designers. The final patina is a particularly durable layer that is highly resistant to atmospheric corrosion, thereby protecting the underlying metal against further weathering. It can be a mixture of carbonate and sulfate compounds i... | What conditions effect the mixture of carbonate and sulfate in copper? | {
"answer_start": [
354
],
"text": [
"environmental"
]
} |
57097f5e200fba1400368095 | Copper | The metal's distinctive natural green patina has long been coveted by architects and designers. The final patina is a particularly durable layer that is highly resistant to atmospheric corrosion, thereby protecting the underlying metal against further weathering. It can be a mixture of carbonate and sulfate compounds i... | What can be done to copper to give it a certain look? | {
"answer_start": [
465
],
"text": [
"finished"
]
} |
57098140200fba14003680cb | Copper | Gram quantities of various copper salts have been taken in suicide attempts and produced acute copper toxicity in humans, possibly due to redox cycling and the generation of reactive oxygen species that damage DNA. Corresponding amounts of copper salts (30 mg/kg) are toxic in animals. A minimum dietary value for health... | What are copper salts sometimes used for? | {
"answer_start": [
59
],
"text": [
"suicide attempts"
]
} |
57098140200fba14003680cc | Copper | Gram quantities of various copper salts have been taken in suicide attempts and produced acute copper toxicity in humans, possibly due to redox cycling and the generation of reactive oxygen species that damage DNA. Corresponding amounts of copper salts (30 mg/kg) are toxic in animals. A minimum dietary value for health... | When ingested in large amounts what does copper salts produce in humans? | {
"answer_start": [
95
],
"text": [
"copper toxicity"
]
} |
57098140200fba14003680cd | Copper | Gram quantities of various copper salts have been taken in suicide attempts and produced acute copper toxicity in humans, possibly due to redox cycling and the generation of reactive oxygen species that damage DNA. Corresponding amounts of copper salts (30 mg/kg) are toxic in animals. A minimum dietary value for health... | What is the minimum amount of copper rabbits should have in their diet? | {
"answer_start": [
373
],
"text": [
"3 ppm"
]
} |
57098140200fba14003680ce | Copper | Gram quantities of various copper salts have been taken in suicide attempts and produced acute copper toxicity in humans, possibly due to redox cycling and the generation of reactive oxygen species that damage DNA. Corresponding amounts of copper salts (30 mg/kg) are toxic in animals. A minimum dietary value for health... | What is a major benefit to rabbits having a higher concentration of copper in their diet? | {
"answer_start": [
539
],
"text": [
"growth rates"
]
} |
57098140200fba14003680cf | Copper | Gram quantities of various copper salts have been taken in suicide attempts and produced acute copper toxicity in humans, possibly due to redox cycling and the generation of reactive oxygen species that damage DNA. Corresponding amounts of copper salts (30 mg/kg) are toxic in animals. A minimum dietary value for health... | What amount of copper salt is toxic in animals? | {
"answer_start": [
254
],
"text": [
"30 mg/kg"
]
} |
5709828fed30961900e84244 | Copper | Britain's first use of brass occurred around the 3rd–2nd century BC. In North America, copper mining began with marginal workings by Native Americans. Native copper is known to have been extracted from sites on Isle Royale with primitive stone tools between 800 and 1600. Copper metallurgy was flourishing in South Ameri... | When did Britain first use brass? | {
"answer_start": [
49
],
"text": [
"3rd–2nd century BC"
]
} |
5709828fed30961900e84245 | Copper | Britain's first use of brass occurred around the 3rd–2nd century BC. In North America, copper mining began with marginal workings by Native Americans. Native copper is known to have been extracted from sites on Isle Royale with primitive stone tools between 800 and 1600. Copper metallurgy was flourishing in South Ameri... | Who were the first copper miners in North America? | {
"answer_start": [
133
],
"text": [
"Native Americans"
]
} |
5709828fed30961900e84246 | Copper | Britain's first use of brass occurred around the 3rd–2nd century BC. In North America, copper mining began with marginal workings by Native Americans. Native copper is known to have been extracted from sites on Isle Royale with primitive stone tools between 800 and 1600. Copper metallurgy was flourishing in South Ameri... | Where was native copper extracted with primitive tools between 800 and 1600? | {
"answer_start": [
211
],
"text": [
"Isle Royale"
]
} |
5709828fed30961900e84247 | Copper | Britain's first use of brass occurred around the 3rd–2nd century BC. In North America, copper mining began with marginal workings by Native Americans. Native copper is known to have been extracted from sites on Isle Royale with primitive stone tools between 800 and 1600. Copper metallurgy was flourishing in South Ameri... | What country had a strong copper production in 1000 AD | {
"answer_start": [
340
],
"text": [
"Peru"
]
} |
5709828fed30961900e84248 | Copper | Britain's first use of brass occurred around the 3rd–2nd century BC. In North America, copper mining began with marginal workings by Native Americans. Native copper is known to have been extracted from sites on Isle Royale with primitive stone tools between 800 and 1600. Copper metallurgy was flourishing in South Ameri... | When did commercial production of copper begin? | {
"answer_start": [
548
],
"text": [
"early 20th century"
]
} |
5709844f200fba1400368107 | Copper | There are 29 isotopes of copper. 63Cu and 65Cu are stable, with 63Cu comprising approximately 69% of naturally occurring copper; they both have a spin of 3⁄2. The other isotopes are radioactive, with the most stable being 67Cu with a half-life of 61.83 hours. Seven metastable isotopes have been characterized, with 68mC... | How many isotopes are there of copper? | {
"answer_start": [
10
],
"text": [
"29"
]
} |
5709844f200fba1400368108 | Copper | There are 29 isotopes of copper. 63Cu and 65Cu are stable, with 63Cu comprising approximately 69% of naturally occurring copper; they both have a spin of 3⁄2. The other isotopes are radioactive, with the most stable being 67Cu with a half-life of 61.83 hours. Seven metastable isotopes have been characterized, with 68mC... | What are the two stable isotopes of cooper? | {
"answer_start": [
33
],
"text": [
"63Cu and 65Cu"
]
} |
5709844f200fba1400368109 | Copper | There are 29 isotopes of copper. 63Cu and 65Cu are stable, with 63Cu comprising approximately 69% of naturally occurring copper; they both have a spin of 3⁄2. The other isotopes are radioactive, with the most stable being 67Cu with a half-life of 61.83 hours. Seven metastable isotopes have been characterized, with 68mC... | Which isotope makes up about 69% of natural copper? | {
"answer_start": [
64
],
"text": [
"63Cu"
]
} |
5709844f200fba140036810a | Copper | There are 29 isotopes of copper. 63Cu and 65Cu are stable, with 63Cu comprising approximately 69% of naturally occurring copper; they both have a spin of 3⁄2. The other isotopes are radioactive, with the most stable being 67Cu with a half-life of 61.83 hours. Seven metastable isotopes have been characterized, with 68mC... | What is the half life of the copper isotope 68mCu? | {
"answer_start": [
360
],
"text": [
"3.8 minutes"
]
} |
5709844f200fba140036810b | Copper | There are 29 isotopes of copper. 63Cu and 65Cu are stable, with 63Cu comprising approximately 69% of naturally occurring copper; they both have a spin of 3⁄2. The other isotopes are radioactive, with the most stable being 67Cu with a half-life of 61.83 hours. Seven metastable isotopes have been characterized, with 68mC... | What is the half life of the copper isotope 67Cu? | {
"answer_start": [
247
],
"text": [
"61.83 hours"
]
} |
5709867b200fba1400368143 | Copper | The alloy of copper and nickel, called cupronickel, is used in low-denomination coins, often for the outer cladding. The US 5-cent coin called a nickel consists of 75% copper and 25% nickel and has a homogeneous composition. The alloy consisting of 90% copper and 10% nickel is remarkable for its resistance to corrosion... | What is the alloy of copper and nickel called? | {
"answer_start": [
39
],
"text": [
"cupronickel"
]
} |
5709867b200fba1400368144 | Copper | The alloy of copper and nickel, called cupronickel, is used in low-denomination coins, often for the outer cladding. The US 5-cent coin called a nickel consists of 75% copper and 25% nickel and has a homogeneous composition. The alloy consisting of 90% copper and 10% nickel is remarkable for its resistance to corrosion... | what is the alloy of copper and nickel used for? | {
"answer_start": [
63
],
"text": [
"low-denomination coins"
]
} |
5709867b200fba1400368145 | Copper | The alloy of copper and nickel, called cupronickel, is used in low-denomination coins, often for the outer cladding. The US 5-cent coin called a nickel consists of 75% copper and 25% nickel and has a homogeneous composition. The alloy consisting of 90% copper and 10% nickel is remarkable for its resistance to corrosion... | What is the metal composition of a US nickel? | {
"answer_start": [
164
],
"text": [
"75% copper and 25% nickel"
]
} |
5709867b200fba1400368146 | Copper | The alloy of copper and nickel, called cupronickel, is used in low-denomination coins, often for the outer cladding. The US 5-cent coin called a nickel consists of 75% copper and 25% nickel and has a homogeneous composition. The alloy consisting of 90% copper and 10% nickel is remarkable for its resistance to corrosion... | What extraordinary property does the alloy made up of 90% copper and 10% nickel possess? | {
"answer_start": [
297
],
"text": [
"resistance to corrosion"
]
} |
5709867b200fba1400368147 | Copper | The alloy of copper and nickel, called cupronickel, is used in low-denomination coins, often for the outer cladding. The US 5-cent coin called a nickel consists of 75% copper and 25% nickel and has a homogeneous composition. The alloy consisting of 90% copper and 10% nickel is remarkable for its resistance to corrosion... | What color is created when the alloys of copper and aluminium are combined? | {
"answer_start": [
439
],
"text": [
"golden"
]
} |
5709880eed30961900e842a4 | Copper | Polyols, compounds containing more than one alcohol functional group, generally interact with cupric salts. For example, copper salts are used to test for reducing sugars. Specifically, using Benedict's reagent and Fehling's solution the presence of the sugar is signaled by a color change from blue Cu(II) to reddish co... | What is the name of the componds that has more than one alcohol functional group? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Polyols"
]
} |
5709880eed30961900e842a5 | Copper | Polyols, compounds containing more than one alcohol functional group, generally interact with cupric salts. For example, copper salts are used to test for reducing sugars. Specifically, using Benedict's reagent and Fehling's solution the presence of the sugar is signaled by a color change from blue Cu(II) to reddish co... | What are copper salts used to test? | {
"answer_start": [
155
],
"text": [
"reducing sugars"
]
} |
5709880eed30961900e842a6 | Copper | Polyols, compounds containing more than one alcohol functional group, generally interact with cupric salts. For example, copper salts are used to test for reducing sugars. Specifically, using Benedict's reagent and Fehling's solution the presence of the sugar is signaled by a color change from blue Cu(II) to reddish co... | How is the presence of sugar shown by using Benedict's reagent and Fehling's solution? | {
"answer_start": [
277
],
"text": [
"color change"
]
} |
5709880eed30961900e842a7 | Copper | Polyols, compounds containing more than one alcohol functional group, generally interact with cupric salts. For example, copper salts are used to test for reducing sugars. Specifically, using Benedict's reagent and Fehling's solution the presence of the sugar is signaled by a color change from blue Cu(II) to reddish co... | What color does the copper salts turn to using Benedict's reagent and Fehling's solution if sugar is present? | {
"answer_start": [
310
],
"text": [
"reddish"
]
} |
5709880eed30961900e842a8 | Copper | Polyols, compounds containing more than one alcohol functional group, generally interact with cupric salts. For example, copper salts are used to test for reducing sugars. Specifically, using Benedict's reagent and Fehling's solution the presence of the sugar is signaled by a color change from blue Cu(II) to reddish co... | What does Schweizer's reagent dissolve? | {
"answer_start": [
424
],
"text": [
"cellulose"
]
} |
57098a0b200fba140036816b | Copper | Alloying copper with tin to make bronze was first practiced about 4000 years after the discovery of copper smelting, and about 2000 years after "natural bronze" had come into general use[citation needed]. Bronze artifacts from the Vinča culture date to 4500 BC. Sumerian and Egyptian artifacts of copper and bronze alloy... | What started about 4000 years after copper smelting was discovered? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Alloying copper with tin to make bronze"
]
} |
57098a0b200fba140036816c | Copper | Alloying copper with tin to make bronze was first practiced about 4000 years after the discovery of copper smelting, and about 2000 years after "natural bronze" had come into general use[citation needed]. Bronze artifacts from the Vinča culture date to 4500 BC. Sumerian and Egyptian artifacts of copper and bronze alloy... | What are the first datings of Bronze artifacts from the Vinca culture? | {
"answer_start": [
253
],
"text": [
"4500 BC"
]
} |
57098a0b200fba140036816d | Copper | Alloying copper with tin to make bronze was first practiced about 4000 years after the discovery of copper smelting, and about 2000 years after "natural bronze" had come into general use[citation needed]. Bronze artifacts from the Vinča culture date to 4500 BC. Sumerian and Egyptian artifacts of copper and bronze alloy... | When did the Bronze Age began in Southeastern Europe? | {
"answer_start": [
390
],
"text": [
"3700–3300 BC"
]
} |
57098a0b200fba140036816e | Copper | Alloying copper with tin to make bronze was first practiced about 4000 years after the discovery of copper smelting, and about 2000 years after "natural bronze" had come into general use[citation needed]. Bronze artifacts from the Vinča culture date to 4500 BC. Sumerian and Egyptian artifacts of copper and bronze alloy... | What was the transition between the Neolithic period and the bronze age called? | {
"answer_start": [
632
],
"text": [
"Chalcolithic"
]
} |
57098a0b200fba140036816f | Copper | Alloying copper with tin to make bronze was first practiced about 4000 years after the discovery of copper smelting, and about 2000 years after "natural bronze" had come into general use[citation needed]. Bronze artifacts from the Vinča culture date to 4500 BC. Sumerian and Egyptian artifacts of copper and bronze alloy... | What is an alloy of copper and zinc? | {
"answer_start": [
855
],
"text": [
"Brass"
]
} |
57098b07200fba1400368175 | Copper | Copper is an essential trace element in plants and animals, but not some microorganisms. The human body contains copper at a level of about 1.4 to 2.1 mg per kg of body mass. Stated differently, the RDA for copper in normal healthy adults is quoted as 0.97 mg/day and as 3.0 mg/day. Copper is absorbed in the gut, then t... | What is the level of copper in the human body? | {
"answer_start": [
140
],
"text": [
"1.4 to 2.1 mg per kg of body mass"
]
} |
57098b07200fba1400368176 | Copper | Copper is an essential trace element in plants and animals, but not some microorganisms. The human body contains copper at a level of about 1.4 to 2.1 mg per kg of body mass. Stated differently, the RDA for copper in normal healthy adults is quoted as 0.97 mg/day and as 3.0 mg/day. Copper is absorbed in the gut, then t... | How is copper absorbed in humans? | {
"answer_start": [
302
],
"text": [
"in the gut"
]
} |
57098b07200fba1400368177 | Copper | Copper is an essential trace element in plants and animals, but not some microorganisms. The human body contains copper at a level of about 1.4 to 2.1 mg per kg of body mass. Stated differently, the RDA for copper in normal healthy adults is quoted as 0.97 mg/day and as 3.0 mg/day. Copper is absorbed in the gut, then t... | What is copper bound with when it is sent to the liver? | {
"answer_start": [
353
],
"text": [
"albumin"
]
} |
57098b07200fba1400368178 | Copper | Copper is an essential trace element in plants and animals, but not some microorganisms. The human body contains copper at a level of about 1.4 to 2.1 mg per kg of body mass. Stated differently, the RDA for copper in normal healthy adults is quoted as 0.97 mg/day and as 3.0 mg/day. Copper is absorbed in the gut, then t... | What protein carries the majority of copper in blood? | {
"answer_start": [
556
],
"text": [
"Ceruloplasmin"
]
} |
57098b07200fba1400368179 | Copper | Copper is an essential trace element in plants and animals, but not some microorganisms. The human body contains copper at a level of about 1.4 to 2.1 mg per kg of body mass. Stated differently, the RDA for copper in normal healthy adults is quoted as 0.97 mg/day and as 3.0 mg/day. Copper is absorbed in the gut, then t... | How can the body get rid of excess copper? | {
"answer_start": [
889
],
"text": [
"via bile"
]
} |
57098d1bed30961900e842e0 | Copper | The concentration of copper in ores averages only 0.6%, and most commercial ores are sulfides, especially chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) and to a lesser extent chalcocite (Cu2S). These minerals are concentrated from crushed ores to the level of 10–15% copper by froth flotation or bioleaching. Heating this material with silica i... | What is the average concentration of copper in ores? | {
"answer_start": [
50
],
"text": [
"0.6%"
]
} |
57098d1bed30961900e842e1 | Copper | The concentration of copper in ores averages only 0.6%, and most commercial ores are sulfides, especially chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) and to a lesser extent chalcocite (Cu2S). These minerals are concentrated from crushed ores to the level of 10–15% copper by froth flotation or bioleaching. Heating this material with silica i... | What are most commercial ores? | {
"answer_start": [
85
],
"text": [
"sulfides"
]
} |
57098d1bed30961900e842e3 | Copper | The concentration of copper in ores averages only 0.6%, and most commercial ores are sulfides, especially chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) and to a lesser extent chalcocite (Cu2S). These minerals are concentrated from crushed ores to the level of 10–15% copper by froth flotation or bioleaching. Heating this material with silica i... | What happens to the silicate slag during the flash smelting process? | {
"answer_start": [
523
],
"text": [
"floats on top"
]
} |
57098d1bed30961900e842e2 | Copper | The concentration of copper in ores averages only 0.6%, and most commercial ores are sulfides, especially chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) and to a lesser extent chalcocite (Cu2S). These minerals are concentrated from crushed ores to the level of 10–15% copper by froth flotation or bioleaching. Heating this material with silica i... | What does heating copper ore materials with silica remove? | {
"answer_start": [
357
],
"text": [
"iron"
]
} |
57098d1bed30961900e842e4 | Copper | The concentration of copper in ores averages only 0.6%, and most commercial ores are sulfides, especially chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) and to a lesser extent chalcocite (Cu2S). These minerals are concentrated from crushed ores to the level of 10–15% copper by froth flotation or bioleaching. Heating this material with silica i... | What do the sulfides convert to after the copper matte is roasted? | {
"answer_start": [
648
],
"text": [
"oxides"
]
} |
57098edded30961900e8430e | Copper | Together with caesium and gold (both yellow), and osmium (bluish), copper is one of only four elemental metals with a natural color other than gray or silver. Pure copper is orange-red and acquires a reddish tarnish when exposed to air. The characteristic color of copper results from the electronic transitions between ... | How many metals have a natural color that isn't gray? | {
"answer_start": [
89
],
"text": [
"four"
]
} |
57098edded30961900e8430f | Copper | Together with caesium and gold (both yellow), and osmium (bluish), copper is one of only four elemental metals with a natural color other than gray or silver. Pure copper is orange-red and acquires a reddish tarnish when exposed to air. The characteristic color of copper results from the electronic transitions between ... | What color is pure copper? | {
"answer_start": [
174
],
"text": [
"orange-red"
]
} |
57098edded30961900e84310 | Copper | Together with caesium and gold (both yellow), and osmium (bluish), copper is one of only four elemental metals with a natural color other than gray or silver. Pure copper is orange-red and acquires a reddish tarnish when exposed to air. The characteristic color of copper results from the electronic transitions between ... | What does copper aquire when exposed to air? | {
"answer_start": [
200
],
"text": [
"reddish tarnish"
]
} |
57098edded30961900e84311 | Copper | Together with caesium and gold (both yellow), and osmium (bluish), copper is one of only four elemental metals with a natural color other than gray or silver. Pure copper is orange-red and acquires a reddish tarnish when exposed to air. The characteristic color of copper results from the electronic transitions between ... | The energy difference between filled 3d and half-empty 4s atomic shells corresponds to what color of light? | {
"answer_start": [
442
],
"text": [
"orange light"
]
} |
57098edded30961900e84312 | Copper | Together with caesium and gold (both yellow), and osmium (bluish), copper is one of only four elemental metals with a natural color other than gray or silver. Pure copper is orange-red and acquires a reddish tarnish when exposed to air. The characteristic color of copper results from the electronic transitions between ... | What color is the metal caesium? | {
"answer_start": [
37
],
"text": [
"yellow"
]
} |
570990baed30961900e84338 | Copper | Copper has been used since ancient times as a durable, corrosion resistant, and weatherproof architectural material. Roofs, flashings, rain gutters, downspouts, domes, spires, vaults, and doors have been made from copper for hundreds or thousands of years. Copper's architectural use has been expanded in modern times to... | What has copper been used for since ancient times? | {
"answer_start": [
93
],
"text": [
"architectural material"
]
} |
570990baed30961900e84339 | Copper | Copper has been used since ancient times as a durable, corrosion resistant, and weatherproof architectural material. Roofs, flashings, rain gutters, downspouts, domes, spires, vaults, and doors have been made from copper for hundreds or thousands of years. Copper's architectural use has been expanded in modern times to... | In recent times what is one interior use copper been expanded to include? | {
"answer_start": [
424
],
"text": [
"antimicrobial indoor products"
]
} |
570990baed30961900e8433a | Copper | Copper has been used since ancient times as a durable, corrosion resistant, and weatherproof architectural material. Roofs, flashings, rain gutters, downspouts, domes, spires, vaults, and doors have been made from copper for hundreds or thousands of years. Copper's architectural use has been expanded in modern times to... | What is an important benefit to using copper as an architectural material? | {
"answer_start": [
605
],
"text": [
"low thermal movement"
]
} |
570990baed30961900e8433b | Copper | Copper has been used since ancient times as a durable, corrosion resistant, and weatherproof architectural material. Roofs, flashings, rain gutters, downspouts, domes, spires, vaults, and doors have been made from copper for hundreds or thousands of years. Copper's architectural use has been expanded in modern times to... | How long has copper been used in building construction? | {
"answer_start": [
225
],
"text": [
"hundreds or thousands of years"
]
} |
570990baed30961900e8433c | Copper | Copper has been used since ancient times as a durable, corrosion resistant, and weatherproof architectural material. Roofs, flashings, rain gutters, downspouts, domes, spires, vaults, and doors have been made from copper for hundreds or thousands of years. Copper's architectural use has been expanded in modern times to... | What is the benefit to using copper for things such as counter tops and hand rails? | {
"answer_start": [
424
],
"text": [
"antimicrobial"
]
} |
5709547eefce8f15003a7e08 | Identity_(social_science) | A psychological identity relates to self-image (one's mental model of oneself), self-esteem, and individuality. Consequently, Weinreich gives the definition "A person's identity is defined as the totality of one's self-construal, in which how one construes oneself in the present expresses the continuity between how one... | Self-image, self-esteem, and individuality relate to what? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"A psychological identity"
]
} |
5709547eefce8f15003a7e09 | Identity_(social_science) | A psychological identity relates to self-image (one's mental model of oneself), self-esteem, and individuality. Consequently, Weinreich gives the definition "A person's identity is defined as the totality of one's self-construal, in which how one construes oneself in the present expresses the continuity between how one... | What aspect or type of identity does Weinreich single out? | {
"answer_start": [
497
],
"text": [
"ethnic identity"
]
} |
5709547eefce8f15003a7e0a | Identity_(social_science) | A psychological identity relates to self-image (one's mental model of oneself), self-esteem, and individuality. Consequently, Weinreich gives the definition "A person's identity is defined as the totality of one's self-construal, in which how one construes oneself in the present expresses the continuity between how one... | What psychological concept does Weinreich state as between the past and future? | {
"answer_start": [
169
],
"text": [
"identity"
]
} |
5709547eefce8f15003a7e0b | Identity_(social_science) | A psychological identity relates to self-image (one's mental model of oneself), self-esteem, and individuality. Consequently, Weinreich gives the definition "A person's identity is defined as the totality of one's self-construal, in which how one construes oneself in the present expresses the continuity between how one... | A person's identity is defined as the totality of what? | {
"answer_start": [
208
],
"text": [
"one's self-construal"
]
} |
5709598aefce8f15003a7e1a | Identity_(social_science) | The description or representation of individual and group identity is a central task for psychologists, sociologists and anthropologists and those of other disciplines where "identity" needs to be mapped and defined. How should one describe the identity of another, in ways which encompass both their idiosyncratic quali... | The central task for psychologists, sociologists, and anthropologists is to describe what topics? | {
"answer_start": [
37
],
"text": [
"individual and group identity"
]
} |
5709598aefce8f15003a7e1c | Identity_(social_science) | The description or representation of individual and group identity is a central task for psychologists, sociologists and anthropologists and those of other disciplines where "identity" needs to be mapped and defined. How should one describe the identity of another, in ways which encompass both their idiosyncratic quali... | Who developed the ISA? | {
"answer_start": [
488
],
"text": [
"Weinreich"
]
} |
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