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570adc634103511400d59aac
Mesozoic
Recent research indicates that the specialized animals that formed complex ecosystems, with high biodiversity, complex food webs and a variety of niches, took much longer to reestablish, recovery did not begin until the start of the mid-Triassic, 4M to 6M years after the extinction and was not complete until 30M years ...
What type of animals took longer to reestablish?
{ "answer_start": [ 35 ], "text": [ "specialized animals" ] }
570adc644103511400d59aae
Mesozoic
Recent research indicates that the specialized animals that formed complex ecosystems, with high biodiversity, complex food webs and a variety of niches, took much longer to reestablish, recovery did not begin until the start of the mid-Triassic, 4M to 6M years after the extinction and was not complete until 30M years ...
How long after the Permian-Triassic extinction did animal recovery take to completion?
{ "answer_start": [ 310 ], "text": [ "30M years" ] }
570adc644103511400d59aad
Mesozoic
Recent research indicates that the specialized animals that formed complex ecosystems, with high biodiversity, complex food webs and a variety of niches, took much longer to reestablish, recovery did not begin until the start of the mid-Triassic, 4M to 6M years after the extinction and was not complete until 30M years ...
When did recovery of these diverse animals begin?
{ "answer_start": [ 233 ], "text": [ "mid-Triassic" ] }
570adc644103511400d59aaf
Mesozoic
Recent research indicates that the specialized animals that formed complex ecosystems, with high biodiversity, complex food webs and a variety of niches, took much longer to reestablish, recovery did not begin until the start of the mid-Triassic, 4M to 6M years after the extinction and was not complete until 30M years ...
What dominated animal life in the Triassic?
{ "answer_start": [ 420 ], "text": [ "reptiles" ] }
570adc644103511400d59ab0
Mesozoic
Recent research indicates that the specialized animals that formed complex ecosystems, with high biodiversity, complex food webs and a variety of niches, took much longer to reestablish, recovery did not begin until the start of the mid-Triassic, 4M to 6M years after the extinction and was not complete until 30M years ...
How many years after the extinction did animal recovery begin?
{ "answer_start": [ 247 ], "text": [ "4M to 6M" ] }
570ade206d058f1900183136
Mesozoic
The era began in the wake of the Permian–Triassic extinction event, the largest well-documented mass extinction in Earth's history, and ended with the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, another mass extinction which is known for having killed off non-avian dinosaurs, as well as other plant and animal species. The M...
At what point did the Mesozoic era begin?
{ "answer_start": [ 33 ], "text": [ "Permian–Triassic extinction" ] }
570ade206d058f1900183137
Mesozoic
The era began in the wake of the Permian–Triassic extinction event, the largest well-documented mass extinction in Earth's history, and ended with the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, another mass extinction which is known for having killed off non-avian dinosaurs, as well as other plant and animal species. The M...
When did the Mesozoic end?
{ "answer_start": [ 151 ], "text": [ "Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction" ] }
570ade206d058f1900183138
Mesozoic
The era began in the wake of the Permian–Triassic extinction event, the largest well-documented mass extinction in Earth's history, and ended with the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, another mass extinction which is known for having killed off non-avian dinosaurs, as well as other plant and animal species. The M...
What kind of geologic activity occurred during the Mesozoic?
{ "answer_start": [ 354 ], "text": [ "tectonic" ] }
570ade206d058f1900183139
Mesozoic
The era began in the wake of the Permian–Triassic extinction event, the largest well-documented mass extinction in Earth's history, and ended with the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, another mass extinction which is known for having killed off non-avian dinosaurs, as well as other plant and animal species. The M...
Besides climate changes, what other important activity occurred during the Mesozoic?
{ "answer_start": [ 376 ], "text": [ "evolutionary" ] }
570ade206d058f190018313a
Mesozoic
The era began in the wake of the Permian–Triassic extinction event, the largest well-documented mass extinction in Earth's history, and ended with the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, another mass extinction which is known for having killed off non-avian dinosaurs, as well as other plant and animal species. The M...
When mamals appeared they remained small until what period?
{ "answer_start": [ 1117 ], "text": [ "Cenozoic" ] }
570adf774103511400d59ab6
Mesozoic
The Middle Triassic spans from 247 million to 237 million years ago. The Middle Triassic featured the beginnings of the breakup of Pangaea, and the beginning of the Tethys Sea. The ecosystem had recovered from the devastation that was the Great Dying. Phytoplankton, coral, and crustaceans all had recovered, and the rep...
What is the span of years of the Middle Triassic?
{ "answer_start": [ 31 ], "text": [ "247 million to 237 million" ] }
570adf774103511400d59ab7
Mesozoic
The Middle Triassic spans from 247 million to 237 million years ago. The Middle Triassic featured the beginnings of the breakup of Pangaea, and the beginning of the Tethys Sea. The ecosystem had recovered from the devastation that was the Great Dying. Phytoplankton, coral, and crustaceans all had recovered, and the rep...
What continuing event began in the Middle Triassic?
{ "answer_start": [ 120 ], "text": [ "breakup of Pangaea" ] }
570adf774103511400d59ab9
Mesozoic
The Middle Triassic spans from 247 million to 237 million years ago. The Middle Triassic featured the beginnings of the breakup of Pangaea, and the beginning of the Tethys Sea. The ecosystem had recovered from the devastation that was the Great Dying. Phytoplankton, coral, and crustaceans all had recovered, and the rep...
From what had the ecosystem had to recover?
{ "answer_start": [ 235 ], "text": [ "the Great Dying" ] }
570adf774103511400d59ab8
Mesozoic
The Middle Triassic spans from 247 million to 237 million years ago. The Middle Triassic featured the beginnings of the breakup of Pangaea, and the beginning of the Tethys Sea. The ecosystem had recovered from the devastation that was the Great Dying. Phytoplankton, coral, and crustaceans all had recovered, and the rep...
During the breakup of Pangaea, what sea was created?
{ "answer_start": [ 165 ], "text": [ "Tethys Sea" ] }
570adf774103511400d59aba
Mesozoic
The Middle Triassic spans from 247 million to 237 million years ago. The Middle Triassic featured the beginnings of the breakup of Pangaea, and the beginning of the Tethys Sea. The ecosystem had recovered from the devastation that was the Great Dying. Phytoplankton, coral, and crustaceans all had recovered, and the rep...
What type of animal began to flourish and become increasingly large?
{ "answer_start": [ 317 ], "text": [ "reptiles" ] }
570ae1586d058f1900183140
Mesozoic
The Late Jurassic spans from 163 million to 145 million years ago. The Late Jurassic featured a massive extinction of sauropods and Ichthyosaurs due to the separation of Pangaea into Laurasia and Gondwana in an extinction known as the Jurassic-Cretaceous extinction. Sea levels rose, destroying fern prairies and creatin...
How many years did the Late Jurassic cover?
{ "answer_start": [ 29 ], "text": [ "163 million to 145 million" ] }
570ae1586d058f1900183141
Mesozoic
The Late Jurassic spans from 163 million to 145 million years ago. The Late Jurassic featured a massive extinction of sauropods and Ichthyosaurs due to the separation of Pangaea into Laurasia and Gondwana in an extinction known as the Jurassic-Cretaceous extinction. Sea levels rose, destroying fern prairies and creatin...
What did the separation of Pangaea cause to become extinct?
{ "answer_start": [ 118 ], "text": [ "sauropods and Ichthyosaurs" ] }
570ae1586d058f1900183142
Mesozoic
The Late Jurassic spans from 163 million to 145 million years ago. The Late Jurassic featured a massive extinction of sauropods and Ichthyosaurs due to the separation of Pangaea into Laurasia and Gondwana in an extinction known as the Jurassic-Cretaceous extinction. Sea levels rose, destroying fern prairies and creatin...
What is the extinction caused by the splitting of Pangaea called?
{ "answer_start": [ 235 ], "text": [ "Jurassic-Cretaceous extinction" ] }
570ae1586d058f1900183143
Mesozoic
The Late Jurassic spans from 163 million to 145 million years ago. The Late Jurassic featured a massive extinction of sauropods and Ichthyosaurs due to the separation of Pangaea into Laurasia and Gondwana in an extinction known as the Jurassic-Cretaceous extinction. Sea levels rose, destroying fern prairies and creatin...
What caused the destruction of fern prairies and increasing shallows?
{ "answer_start": [ 267 ], "text": [ "Sea levels rose" ] }
570ae1586d058f1900183144
Mesozoic
The Late Jurassic spans from 163 million to 145 million years ago. The Late Jurassic featured a massive extinction of sauropods and Ichthyosaurs due to the separation of Pangaea into Laurasia and Gondwana in an extinction known as the Jurassic-Cretaceous extinction. Sea levels rose, destroying fern prairies and creatin...
What did the rise in sea levels open in the seaways?
{ "answer_start": [ 553 ], "text": [ "Atlantic sea" ] }
570ae2e74103511400d59ac0
Mesozoic
The Triassic was generally dry, a trend that began in the late Carboniferous, and highly seasonal, especially in the interior of Pangaea. Low sea levels may have also exacerbated temperature extremes. With its high specific heat capacity, water acts as a temperature-stabilizing heat reservoir, and land areas near large...
What was the general rainfall in the Triassic?
{ "answer_start": [ 27 ], "text": [ "dry" ] }
570ae2e74103511400d59ac1
Mesozoic
The Triassic was generally dry, a trend that began in the late Carboniferous, and highly seasonal, especially in the interior of Pangaea. Low sea levels may have also exacerbated temperature extremes. With its high specific heat capacity, water acts as a temperature-stabilizing heat reservoir, and land areas near large...
What could have made temperatures more extreme?
{ "answer_start": [ 138 ], "text": [ "Low sea levels" ] }
570ae2e74103511400d59ac2
Mesozoic
The Triassic was generally dry, a trend that began in the late Carboniferous, and highly seasonal, especially in the interior of Pangaea. Low sea levels may have also exacerbated temperature extremes. With its high specific heat capacity, water acts as a temperature-stabilizing heat reservoir, and land areas near large...
Because of distance form the sea and wide variance in temperatures, what was the interior of Pangaea like?
{ "answer_start": [ 578 ], "text": [ "desert" ] }
570ae2e74103511400d59ac3
Mesozoic
The Triassic was generally dry, a trend that began in the late Carboniferous, and highly seasonal, especially in the interior of Pangaea. Low sea levels may have also exacerbated temperature extremes. With its high specific heat capacity, water acts as a temperature-stabilizing heat reservoir, and land areas near large...
What were there periods of during the Triassic?
{ "answer_start": [ 758 ], "text": [ "increased rainfall" ] }
570ae2e74103511400d59ac4
Mesozoic
The Triassic was generally dry, a trend that began in the late Carboniferous, and highly seasonal, especially in the interior of Pangaea. Low sea levels may have also exacerbated temperature extremes. With its high specific heat capacity, water acts as a temperature-stabilizing heat reservoir, and land areas near large...
What was the Carnian Pluvial event?
{ "answer_start": [ 758 ], "text": [ "increased rainfall" ] }
570ae41e4103511400d59aca
Mesozoic
The dominant land plant species of the time were gymnosperms, which are vascular, cone-bearing, non-flowering plants such as conifers that produce seeds without a coating. This is opposed to the earth's current flora, in which the dominant land plants in terms of number of species are angiosperms. One particular plant ...
What was the dominant plant species of the Mesozoic?
{ "answer_start": [ 49 ], "text": [ "gymnosperms" ] }
570ae41e4103511400d59acb
Mesozoic
The dominant land plant species of the time were gymnosperms, which are vascular, cone-bearing, non-flowering plants such as conifers that produce seeds without a coating. This is opposed to the earth's current flora, in which the dominant land plants in terms of number of species are angiosperms. One particular plant ...
What is an example of a gymnosperm?
{ "answer_start": [ 125 ], "text": [ "conifers" ] }
570ae41e4103511400d59acc
Mesozoic
The dominant land plant species of the time were gymnosperms, which are vascular, cone-bearing, non-flowering plants such as conifers that produce seeds without a coating. This is opposed to the earth's current flora, in which the dominant land plants in terms of number of species are angiosperms. One particular plant ...
What are the dominate plant species on Earth now?
{ "answer_start": [ 286 ], "text": [ "angiosperms" ] }
570ae41e4103511400d59acd
Mesozoic
The dominant land plant species of the time were gymnosperms, which are vascular, cone-bearing, non-flowering plants such as conifers that produce seeds without a coating. This is opposed to the earth's current flora, in which the dominant land plants in terms of number of species are angiosperms. One particular plant ...
When did the Ginkgo evolve?
{ "answer_start": [ 505 ], "text": [ "Mesozoic" ] }
570ae41e4103511400d59ace
Mesozoic
The dominant land plant species of the time were gymnosperms, which are vascular, cone-bearing, non-flowering plants such as conifers that produce seeds without a coating. This is opposed to the earth's current flora, in which the dominant land plants in terms of number of species are angiosperms. One particular plant ...
What famous tree species is believed to have evolved during the Mesozoic?
{ "answer_start": [ 462 ], "text": [ "Sequoia" ] }
570aec4d6b8089140040f614
Videoconferencing
It was only in the 1980s that digital telephony transmission networks became possible, such as with ISDN networks, assuring a minimum bit rate (usually 128 kilobits/s) for compressed video and audio transmission. During this time, there was also research into other forms of digital video and audio communication. Many o...
In what decade was digital telephony transmission made possible?
{ "answer_start": [ 15 ], "text": [ "the 1980s" ] }
570aec4d6b8089140040f615
Videoconferencing
It was only in the 1980s that digital telephony transmission networks became possible, such as with ISDN networks, assuring a minimum bit rate (usually 128 kilobits/s) for compressed video and audio transmission. During this time, there was also research into other forms of digital video and audio communication. Many o...
What is the minimum bit rate for compressed video and audio transmission?
{ "answer_start": [ 152 ], "text": [ "128 kilobits/s" ] }
570aec4d6b8089140040f616
Videoconferencing
It was only in the 1980s that digital telephony transmission networks became possible, such as with ISDN networks, assuring a minimum bit rate (usually 128 kilobits/s) for compressed video and audio transmission. During this time, there was also research into other forms of digital video and audio communication. Many o...
What is an example of an early form of digital video and audio communication?
{ "answer_start": [ 350 ], "text": [ "the Media space" ] }
570aec4d6b8089140040f617
Videoconferencing
It was only in the 1980s that digital telephony transmission networks became possible, such as with ISDN networks, assuring a minimum bit rate (usually 128 kilobits/s) for compressed video and audio transmission. During this time, there was also research into other forms of digital video and audio communication. Many o...
In what form did the first dedicated videoconferencing system appear as?
{ "answer_start": [ 526 ], "text": [ "ISDN networks" ] }
570aec4d6b8089140040f618
Videoconferencing
It was only in the 1980s that digital telephony transmission networks became possible, such as with ISDN networks, assuring a minimum bit rate (usually 128 kilobits/s) for compressed video and audio transmission. During this time, there was also research into other forms of digital video and audio communication. Many o...
What company offered the first commercial videoconferencing system?
{ "answer_start": [ 659 ], "text": [ "PictureTel Corp." ] }
570aedcfec8fbc190045b77e
Videoconferencing
The MC controls the conferencing while it is active on the signaling plane, which is simply where the system manages conferencing creation, endpoint signaling and in-conferencing controls. This component negotiates parameters with every endpoint in the network and controls conferencing resources. While the MC controls ...
What controls the conferencing while its active on the signaling plane?
{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "The MC" ] }
570aedcfec8fbc190045b780
Videoconferencing
The MC controls the conferencing while it is active on the signaling plane, which is simply where the system manages conferencing creation, endpoint signaling and in-conferencing controls. This component negotiates parameters with every endpoint in the network and controls conferencing resources. While the MC controls ...
What is one example of what the signaling plane controls in a videoconferencing system?
{ "answer_start": [ 140 ], "text": [ "endpoint signaling" ] }
570aedcfec8fbc190045b77f
Videoconferencing
The MC controls the conferencing while it is active on the signaling plane, which is simply where the system manages conferencing creation, endpoint signaling and in-conferencing controls. This component negotiates parameters with every endpoint in the network and controls conferencing resources. While the MC controls ...
Where does the videoconferencing system manage conferencing creation?
{ "answer_start": [ 55 ], "text": [ "the signaling plane" ] }
570aedcfec8fbc190045b781
Videoconferencing
The MC controls the conferencing while it is active on the signaling plane, which is simply where the system manages conferencing creation, endpoint signaling and in-conferencing controls. This component negotiates parameters with every endpoint in the network and controls conferencing resources. While the MC controls ...
On what plane does the MC operate?
{ "answer_start": [ 377 ], "text": [ "the media plane" ] }
570aedcfec8fbc190045b782
Videoconferencing
The MC controls the conferencing while it is active on the signaling plane, which is simply where the system manages conferencing creation, endpoint signaling and in-conferencing controls. This component negotiates parameters with every endpoint in the network and controls conferencing resources. While the MC controls ...
What generates output streams from each endpoint?
{ "answer_start": [ 432 ], "text": [ "The MP" ] }
570aef486b8089140040f61e
Videoconferencing
High speed Internet connectivity has become more widely available at a reasonable cost and the cost of video capture and display technology has decreased. Consequently, personal videoconferencing systems based on a webcam, personal computer system, software compression and broadband Internet connectivity have become af...
What technology has become more widely available and affordable?
{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "High speed Internet connectivity" ] }
570aef486b8089140040f61f
Videoconferencing
High speed Internet connectivity has become more widely available at a reasonable cost and the cost of video capture and display technology has decreased. Consequently, personal videoconferencing systems based on a webcam, personal computer system, software compression and broadband Internet connectivity have become af...
What is an example of a personal videoconferencing system tool?
{ "answer_start": [ 215 ], "text": [ "webcam" ] }
570aef486b8089140040f620
Videoconferencing
High speed Internet connectivity has become more widely available at a reasonable cost and the cost of video capture and display technology has decreased. Consequently, personal videoconferencing systems based on a webcam, personal computer system, software compression and broadband Internet connectivity have become af...
What has made videoconferencing accessible to many?
{ "answer_start": [ 471 ], "text": [ "The availability of freeware" ] }
570aef486b8089140040f621
Videoconferencing
High speed Internet connectivity has become more widely available at a reasonable cost and the cost of video capture and display technology has decreased. Consequently, personal videoconferencing systems based on a webcam, personal computer system, software compression and broadband Internet connectivity have become af...
Videoconferencing freeware is widely available in what programs?
{ "answer_start": [ 518 ], "text": [ "chat programs" ] }
570af0f8ec8fbc190045b788
Videoconferencing
Videophone calls (also: videocalls, video chat as well as Skype and Skyping in verb form), differ from videoconferencing in that they expect to serve individuals, not groups. However that distinction has become increasingly blurred with technology improvements such as increased bandwidth and sophisticated software clie...
Videophone calls are different from videoconferencing in what way?
{ "answer_start": [ 144 ], "text": [ "serve individuals, not groups" ] }
570af0f8ec8fbc190045b789
Videoconferencing
Videophone calls (also: videocalls, video chat as well as Skype and Skyping in verb form), differ from videoconferencing in that they expect to serve individuals, not groups. However that distinction has become increasingly blurred with technology improvements such as increased bandwidth and sophisticated software clie...
What is an example of a videophone call program?
{ "answer_start": [ 58 ], "text": [ "Skype" ] }
570af0f8ec8fbc190045b78a
Videoconferencing
Videophone calls (also: videocalls, video chat as well as Skype and Skyping in verb form), differ from videoconferencing in that they expect to serve individuals, not groups. However that distinction has become increasingly blurred with technology improvements such as increased bandwidth and sophisticated software clie...
What term is more used today to refer to calls between two units?
{ "answer_start": [ 406 ], "text": [ "videoconferencing" ] }
570af0f8ec8fbc190045b78b
Videoconferencing
Videophone calls (also: videocalls, video chat as well as Skype and Skyping in verb form), differ from videoconferencing in that they expect to serve individuals, not groups. However that distinction has become increasingly blurred with technology improvements such as increased bandwidth and sophisticated software clie...
What are videoconferencing calls now more commonly known as?
{ "answer_start": [ 593 ], "text": [ "a video link" ] }
570af0f8ec8fbc190045b78c
Videoconferencing
Videophone calls (also: videocalls, video chat as well as Skype and Skyping in verb form), differ from videoconferencing in that they expect to serve individuals, not groups. However that distinction has become increasingly blurred with technology improvements such as increased bandwidth and sophisticated software clie...
What is another name for videophone calls?
{ "answer_start": [ 36 ], "text": [ "video chat" ] }
570af6876b8089140040f644
Videoconferencing
Technological developments by videoconferencing developers in the 2010s have extended the capabilities of video conferencing systems beyond the boardroom for use with hand-held mobile devices that combine the use of video, audio and on-screen drawing capabilities broadcasting in real-time over secure networks, independ...
In what decade did developers extend the capabilities of videoconferencing to more devices?
{ "answer_start": [ 62 ], "text": [ "the 2010s" ] }
570af6876b8089140040f645
Videoconferencing
Technological developments by videoconferencing developers in the 2010s have extended the capabilities of video conferencing systems beyond the boardroom for use with hand-held mobile devices that combine the use of video, audio and on-screen drawing capabilities broadcasting in real-time over secure networks, independ...
What allows people in remote locations the ability to video-conference with colleagues far away?
{ "answer_start": [ 337 ], "text": [ "Mobile collaboration systems" ] }
570af6876b8089140040f646
Videoconferencing
Technological developments by videoconferencing developers in the 2010s have extended the capabilities of video conferencing systems beyond the boardroom for use with hand-held mobile devices that combine the use of video, audio and on-screen drawing capabilities broadcasting in real-time over secure networks, independ...
What is one example of an application that videoconferencing manufacturers have begun to offer?
{ "answer_start": [ 689 ], "text": [ "still image streaming" ] }
570af6876b8089140040f647
Videoconferencing
Technological developments by videoconferencing developers in the 2010s have extended the capabilities of video conferencing systems beyond the boardroom for use with hand-held mobile devices that combine the use of video, audio and on-screen drawing capabilities broadcasting in real-time over secure networks, independ...
What type of applications have videoconferencing manufacturers begun to offer?
{ "answer_start": [ 622 ], "text": [ "mobile" ] }
570af6876b8089140040f648
Videoconferencing
Technological developments by videoconferencing developers in the 2010s have extended the capabilities of video conferencing systems beyond the boardroom for use with hand-held mobile devices that combine the use of video, audio and on-screen drawing capabilities broadcasting in real-time over secure networks, independ...
What is an example of a place that videoconferencing can be used today?
{ "answer_start": [ 167 ], "text": [ "hand-held mobile devices" ] }
570af885ec8fbc190045b79c
Videoconferencing
Videoconferencing provides students with the opportunity to learn by participating in two-way communication forums. Furthermore, teachers and lecturers worldwide can be brought to remote or otherwise isolated educational facilities. Students from diverse communities and backgrounds can come together to learn about one ...
What can videoconferencing offer students?
{ "answer_start": [ 69 ], "text": [ "participating in two-way communication forums" ] }
570af885ec8fbc190045b79d
Videoconferencing
Videoconferencing provides students with the opportunity to learn by participating in two-way communication forums. Furthermore, teachers and lecturers worldwide can be brought to remote or otherwise isolated educational facilities. Students from diverse communities and backgrounds can come together to learn about one ...
Who can benefit from two-way communication forums?
{ "answer_start": [ 27 ], "text": [ "students" ] }
570af885ec8fbc190045b79e
Videoconferencing
Videoconferencing provides students with the opportunity to learn by participating in two-way communication forums. Furthermore, teachers and lecturers worldwide can be brought to remote or otherwise isolated educational facilities. Students from diverse communities and backgrounds can come together to learn about one ...
What is a major barrier to videoconferencing between some communities?
{ "answer_start": [ 338 ], "text": [ "language" ] }
570af885ec8fbc190045b79f
Videoconferencing
Videoconferencing provides students with the opportunity to learn by participating in two-way communication forums. Furthermore, teachers and lecturers worldwide can be brought to remote or otherwise isolated educational facilities. Students from diverse communities and backgrounds can come together to learn about one ...
What is one example of how students can benefit from videoconferencing?
{ "answer_start": [ 637 ], "text": [ "virtual field trips" ] }
570af885ec8fbc190045b7a0
Videoconferencing
Videoconferencing provides students with the opportunity to learn by participating in two-way communication forums. Furthermore, teachers and lecturers worldwide can be brought to remote or otherwise isolated educational facilities. Students from diverse communities and backgrounds can come together to learn about one ...
What is one experience that students using videoconferencing can achieve?
{ "answer_start": [ 590 ], "text": [ "visit museums" ] }
570af9ad6b8089140040f658
Videoconferencing
One of the first demonstrations of the ability for telecommunications to help sign language users communicate with each other occurred when AT&T's videophone (trademarked as the "Picturephone") was introduced to the public at the 1964 New York World's Fair –two deaf users were able to communicate freely with each other...
What company introduced the first device to help deaf people communicate through telecommunications?
{ "answer_start": [ 140 ], "text": [ "AT&T" ] }
570af9ad6b8089140040f659
Videoconferencing
One of the first demonstrations of the ability for telecommunications to help sign language users communicate with each other occurred when AT&T's videophone (trademarked as the "Picturephone") was introduced to the public at the 1964 New York World's Fair –two deaf users were able to communicate freely with each other...
What was the name of AT&T's videophone device?
{ "answer_start": [ 179 ], "text": [ "Picturephone" ] }
570af9ad6b8089140040f65a
Videoconferencing
One of the first demonstrations of the ability for telecommunications to help sign language users communicate with each other occurred when AT&T's videophone (trademarked as the "Picturephone") was introduced to the public at the 1964 New York World's Fair –two deaf users were able to communicate freely with each other...
In what year was AT&T's "Picturephone" device introduced?
{ "answer_start": [ 230 ], "text": [ "1964" ] }
570af9ad6b8089140040f65b
Videoconferencing
One of the first demonstrations of the ability for telecommunications to help sign language users communicate with each other occurred when AT&T's videophone (trademarked as the "Picturephone") was introduced to the public at the 1964 New York World's Fair –two deaf users were able to communicate freely with each other...
Where was AT&T's "Picturephone" device unveiled?
{ "answer_start": [ 230 ], "text": [ "1964 New York World's Fair" ] }
570af9ad6b8089140040f65c
Videoconferencing
One of the first demonstrations of the ability for telecommunications to help sign language users communicate with each other occurred when AT&T's videophone (trademarked as the "Picturephone") was introduced to the public at the 1964 New York World's Fair –two deaf users were able to communicate freely with each other...
In what decade were more efficient ways of using sign language via video-telephony developed?
{ "answer_start": [ 906 ], "text": [ "1990s" ] }
570afaaa6b8089140040f66c
Videoconferencing
In the increasingly globalized film industry, videoconferencing has become useful as a method by which creative talent in many different locations can collaborate closely on the complex details of film production. For example, for the 2013 award-winning animated film Frozen, Burbank-based Walt Disney Animation Studios ...
In what industry has videoconferencing become useful?
{ "answer_start": [ 31 ], "text": [ "film" ] }
570afaaa6b8089140040f66d
Videoconferencing
In the increasingly globalized film industry, videoconferencing has become useful as a method by which creative talent in many different locations can collaborate closely on the complex details of film production. For example, for the 2013 award-winning animated film Frozen, Burbank-based Walt Disney Animation Studios ...
On what film was videoconferencing widely used?
{ "answer_start": [ 268 ], "text": [ "Frozen" ] }
570afaaa6b8089140040f66e
Videoconferencing
In the increasingly globalized film industry, videoconferencing has become useful as a method by which creative talent in many different locations can collaborate closely on the complex details of film production. For example, for the 2013 award-winning animated film Frozen, Burbank-based Walt Disney Animation Studios ...
What year was the movie Frozen released?
{ "answer_start": [ 235 ], "text": [ "2013" ] }
570afaaa6b8089140040f66f
Videoconferencing
In the increasingly globalized film industry, videoconferencing has become useful as a method by which creative talent in many different locations can collaborate closely on the complex details of film production. For example, for the 2013 award-winning animated film Frozen, Burbank-based Walt Disney Animation Studios ...
In what city were the songwriting team of Frozen located?
{ "answer_start": [ 330 ], "text": [ "New York City" ] }
570afaaa6b8089140040f670
Videoconferencing
In the increasingly globalized film industry, videoconferencing has become useful as a method by which creative talent in many different locations can collaborate closely on the complex details of film production. For example, for the 2013 award-winning animated film Frozen, Burbank-based Walt Disney Animation Studios ...
How many months did the songwriters work on the movie via videoconferencing?
{ "answer_start": [ 541 ], "text": [ "14" ] }
570afc276b8089140040f680
Videoconferencing
A videoconference system is generally higher cost than a videophone and deploys greater capabilities. A videoconference (also known as a videoteleconference) allows two or more locations to communicate via live, simultaneous two-way video and audio transmissions. This is often accomplished by the use of a multipoint co...
What is a video-conference also known as?
{ "answer_start": [ 137 ], "text": [ "videoteleconference" ] }
570afc276b8089140040f681
Videoconferencing
A videoconference system is generally higher cost than a videophone and deploys greater capabilities. A videoconference (also known as a videoteleconference) allows two or more locations to communicate via live, simultaneous two-way video and audio transmissions. This is often accomplished by the use of a multipoint co...
What does a video-conference use that allows communication in live situations?
{ "answer_start": [ 305 ], "text": [ "a multipoint control unit" ] }
570afc276b8089140040f682
Videoconferencing
A videoconference system is generally higher cost than a videophone and deploys greater capabilities. A videoconference (also known as a videoteleconference) allows two or more locations to communicate via live, simultaneous two-way video and audio transmissions. This is often accomplished by the use of a multipoint co...
What is a multi-point control unit?
{ "answer_start": [ 363 ], "text": [ "call management system" ] }
570afc276b8089140040f683
Videoconferencing
A videoconference system is generally higher cost than a videophone and deploys greater capabilities. A videoconference (also known as a videoteleconference) allows two or more locations to communicate via live, simultaneous two-way video and audio transmissions. This is often accomplished by the use of a multipoint co...
How does video-conferencing allow multiple parties to communicate with each other?
{ "answer_start": [ 604 ], "text": [ "web-based applications" ] }
570afc276b8089140040f684
Videoconferencing
A videoconference system is generally higher cost than a videophone and deploys greater capabilities. A videoconference (also known as a videoteleconference) allows two or more locations to communicate via live, simultaneous two-way video and audio transmissions. This is often accomplished by the use of a multipoint co...
How many locations can one use videoconferencing for?
{ "answer_start": [ 165 ], "text": [ "two or more" ] }
570b00026b8089140040f69e
Videoconferencing
This technique was very expensive, though, and could not be used for applications such as telemedicine, distance education, and business meetings. Attempts at using normal telephony networks to transmit slow-scan video, such as the first systems developed by AT&T Corporation, first researched in the 1950s, failed mostl...
What is one area where teleconferencing could not be used?
{ "answer_start": [ 90 ], "text": [ "telemedicine" ] }
570b00026b8089140040f69f
Videoconferencing
This technique was very expensive, though, and could not be used for applications such as telemedicine, distance education, and business meetings. Attempts at using normal telephony networks to transmit slow-scan video, such as the first systems developed by AT&T Corporation, first researched in the 1950s, failed mostl...
Who developed the first systems to transmit slow-scan video?
{ "answer_start": [ 259 ], "text": [ "AT&T Corporation" ] }
570b00026b8089140040f6a0
Videoconferencing
This technique was very expensive, though, and could not be used for applications such as telemedicine, distance education, and business meetings. Attempts at using normal telephony networks to transmit slow-scan video, such as the first systems developed by AT&T Corporation, first researched in the 1950s, failed mostl...
When was the first slow-scan video systems researched?
{ "answer_start": [ 297 ], "text": [ "the 1950s" ] }
570b00026b8089140040f6a1
Videoconferencing
This technique was very expensive, though, and could not be used for applications such as telemedicine, distance education, and business meetings. Attempts at using normal telephony networks to transmit slow-scan video, such as the first systems developed by AT&T Corporation, first researched in the 1950s, failed mostl...
What was the bit rate of AT&T's Picturephone?
{ "answer_start": [ 442 ], "text": [ "6 Mbit/s" ] }
570b00026b8089140040f6a2
Videoconferencing
This technique was very expensive, though, and could not be used for applications such as telemedicine, distance education, and business meetings. Attempts at using normal telephony networks to transmit slow-scan video, such as the first systems developed by AT&T Corporation, first researched in the 1950s, failed mostl...
What was the bandwidth of AT&T's Picturephone?
{ "answer_start": [ 422 ], "text": [ "1 MHz" ] }
570b17956b8089140040f70a
Videoconferencing
While videoconferencing technology was initially used primarily within internal corporate communication networks, one of the first community service usages of the technology started in 1992 through a unique partnership with PictureTel and IBM Corporations which at the time were promoting a jointly developed desktop bas...
What year did one the first community service usages of videoconferencing take place?
{ "answer_start": [ 185 ], "text": [ "1992" ] }
570b17956b8089140040f70b
Videoconferencing
While videoconferencing technology was initially used primarily within internal corporate communication networks, one of the first community service usages of the technology started in 1992 through a unique partnership with PictureTel and IBM Corporations which at the time were promoting a jointly developed desktop bas...
What company helped in the creation of community service videoconferencing?
{ "answer_start": [ 239 ], "text": [ "IBM" ] }
570b17956b8089140040f70c
Videoconferencing
While videoconferencing technology was initially used primarily within internal corporate communication networks, one of the first community service usages of the technology started in 1992 through a unique partnership with PictureTel and IBM Corporations which at the time were promoting a jointly developed desktop bas...
What is the videoconferencing product that both IBM and PictureTel worked on?
{ "answer_start": [ 362 ], "text": [ "PCS/1" ] }
570b17956b8089140040f70d
Videoconferencing
While videoconferencing technology was initially used primarily within internal corporate communication networks, one of the first community service usages of the technology started in 1992 through a unique partnership with PictureTel and IBM Corporations which at the time were promoting a jointly developed desktop bas...
What does DIANE in Project DIANE stand for?
{ "answer_start": [ 408 ], "text": [ "Diversified Information and Assistance Network" ] }
570b17956b8089140040f70e
Videoconferencing
While videoconferencing technology was initially used primarily within internal corporate communication networks, one of the first community service usages of the technology started in 1992 through a unique partnership with PictureTel and IBM Corporations which at the time were promoting a jointly developed desktop bas...
How many years did it take for Project DIANE to grow?
{ "answer_start": [ 383 ], "text": [ "15" ] }
570b198fec8fbc190045b81c
Videoconferencing
Simultaneous videoconferencing among three or more remote points is possible by means of a Multipoint Control Unit (MCU). This is a bridge that interconnects calls from several sources (in a similar way to the audio conference call). All parties call the MCU, or the MCU can also call the parties which are going to part...
What enables videoconferencing to connect three or more remote points?
{ "answer_start": [ 91 ], "text": [ "Multipoint Control Unit (MCU)" ] }
570b198fec8fbc190045b81d
Videoconferencing
Simultaneous videoconferencing among three or more remote points is possible by means of a Multipoint Control Unit (MCU). This is a bridge that interconnects calls from several sources (in a similar way to the audio conference call). All parties call the MCU, or the MCU can also call the parties which are going to part...
What is one type of MCU bridge?
{ "answer_start": [ 368 ], "text": [ "IP" ] }
570b198fec8fbc190045b81e
Videoconferencing
Simultaneous videoconferencing among three or more remote points is possible by means of a Multipoint Control Unit (MCU). This is a bridge that interconnects calls from several sources (in a similar way to the audio conference call). All parties call the MCU, or the MCU can also call the parties which are going to part...
In what way can an MCU be characterized?
{ "answer_start": [ 543 ], "text": [ "the number of simultaneous calls it can handle" ] }
570b198fec8fbc190045b81f
Videoconferencing
Simultaneous videoconferencing among three or more remote points is possible by means of a Multipoint Control Unit (MCU). This is a bridge that interconnects calls from several sources (in a similar way to the audio conference call). All parties call the MCU, or the MCU can also call the parties which are going to part...
What feature enables an MCU to allow for multiple parties to be seen on screen at the same time?
{ "answer_start": [ 676 ], "text": [ "Continuous Presence" ] }
570b198fec8fbc190045b820
Videoconferencing
Simultaneous videoconferencing among three or more remote points is possible by means of a Multipoint Control Unit (MCU). This is a bridge that interconnects calls from several sources (in a similar way to the audio conference call). All parties call the MCU, or the MCU can also call the parties which are going to part...
Where can an MCU be embedded?
{ "answer_start": [ 825 ], "text": [ "dedicated videoconferencing units" ] }
570b1a61ec8fbc190045b826
Videoconferencing
Videoconferencing can enable individuals in distant locations to participate in meetings on short notice, with time and money savings. Technology such as VoIP can be used in conjunction with desktop videoconferencing to enable low-cost face-to-face business meetings without leaving the desk, especially for businesses w...
In what one way can videoconferencing help a person?
{ "answer_start": [ 120 ], "text": [ "money savings" ] }
570b1a61ec8fbc190045b827
Videoconferencing
Videoconferencing can enable individuals in distant locations to participate in meetings on short notice, with time and money savings. Technology such as VoIP can be used in conjunction with desktop videoconferencing to enable low-cost face-to-face business meetings without leaving the desk, especially for businesses w...
What technology can be used along with videoconferencing?
{ "answer_start": [ 154 ], "text": [ "VoIP" ] }
570b1a61ec8fbc190045b828
Videoconferencing
Videoconferencing can enable individuals in distant locations to participate in meetings on short notice, with time and money savings. Technology such as VoIP can be used in conjunction with desktop videoconferencing to enable low-cost face-to-face business meetings without leaving the desk, especially for businesses w...
What is another use of VoIP?
{ "answer_start": [ 376 ], "text": [ "telecommuting" ] }
570b1a61ec8fbc190045b829
Videoconferencing
Videoconferencing can enable individuals in distant locations to participate in meetings on short notice, with time and money savings. Technology such as VoIP can be used in conjunction with desktop videoconferencing to enable low-cost face-to-face business meetings without leaving the desk, especially for businesses w...
What is telecommuting?
{ "answer_start": [ 410 ], "text": [ "work from home" ] }
570b1a61ec8fbc190045b82a
Videoconferencing
Videoconferencing can enable individuals in distant locations to participate in meetings on short notice, with time and money savings. Technology such as VoIP can be used in conjunction with desktop videoconferencing to enable low-cost face-to-face business meetings without leaving the desk, especially for businesses w...
What is the percentage of people who use videoconferencing a majority of the time?
{ "answer_start": [ 525 ], "text": [ "54%" ] }
570b1c0c6b8089140040f714
Videoconferencing
Finally, in the 1990s, Internet Protocol-based videoconferencing became possible, and more efficient video compression technologies were developed, permitting desktop, or personal computer (PC)-based videoconferencing. In 1992 CU-SeeMe was developed at Cornell by Tim Dorcey et al. In 1995 the first public videoconferen...
In what decade was Internet video-conferencing made possible?
{ "answer_start": [ 16 ], "text": [ "1990s" ] }
570b1c0c6b8089140040f715
Videoconferencing
Finally, in the 1990s, Internet Protocol-based videoconferencing became possible, and more efficient video compression technologies were developed, permitting desktop, or personal computer (PC)-based videoconferencing. In 1992 CU-SeeMe was developed at Cornell by Tim Dorcey et al. In 1995 the first public videoconferen...
In what device was videoconferencing finally able to be used in?
{ "answer_start": [ 159 ], "text": [ "desktop" ] }
570b1c0c6b8089140040f716
Videoconferencing
Finally, in the 1990s, Internet Protocol-based videoconferencing became possible, and more efficient video compression technologies were developed, permitting desktop, or personal computer (PC)-based videoconferencing. In 1992 CU-SeeMe was developed at Cornell by Tim Dorcey et al. In 1995 the first public videoconferen...
In what year was CU-SeeMe, a desktop-based videoconferencing tool, developed?
{ "answer_start": [ 222 ], "text": [ "1992" ] }
570b1c0c6b8089140040f717
Videoconferencing
Finally, in the 1990s, Internet Protocol-based videoconferencing became possible, and more efficient video compression technologies were developed, permitting desktop, or personal computer (PC)-based videoconferencing. In 1992 CU-SeeMe was developed at Cornell by Tim Dorcey et al. In 1995 the first public videoconferen...
In what year did the first public video-conference take place?
{ "answer_start": [ 285 ], "text": [ "1995" ] }
570b1c0c6b8089140040f718
Videoconferencing
Finally, in the 1990s, Internet Protocol-based videoconferencing became possible, and more efficient video compression technologies were developed, permitting desktop, or personal computer (PC)-based videoconferencing. In 1992 CU-SeeMe was developed at Cornell by Tim Dorcey et al. In 1995 the first public videoconferen...
What South African city participated in the first public video-conference?
{ "answer_start": [ 442 ], "text": [ "Cape Town" ] }
570b1cf5ec8fbc190045b830
Videoconferencing
The core technology used in a videoconferencing system is digital compression of audio and video streams in real time. The hardware or software that performs compression is called a codec (coder/decoder). Compression rates of up to 1:500 can be achieved. The resulting digital stream of 1s and 0s is subdivided into labe...
What is the software that performs audio and/or video compression?
{ "answer_start": [ 180 ], "text": [ "a codec (coder/decoder)" ] }