id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 442
values | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 270 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
570b1cf5ec8fbc190045b831 | Videoconferencing | The core technology used in a videoconferencing system is digital compression of audio and video streams in real time. The hardware or software that performs compression is called a codec (coder/decoder). Compression rates of up to 1:500 can be achieved. The resulting digital stream of 1s and 0s is subdivided into labe... | How high can compression rates go? | {
"answer_start": [
232
],
"text": [
"1:500"
]
} |
570b1cf5ec8fbc190045b832 | Videoconferencing | The core technology used in a videoconferencing system is digital compression of audio and video streams in real time. The hardware or software that performs compression is called a codec (coder/decoder). Compression rates of up to 1:500 can be achieved. The resulting digital stream of 1s and 0s is subdivided into labe... | What is one digital network through which a digital stream can be transmitted? | {
"answer_start": [
416
],
"text": [
"IP"
]
} |
570b1cf5ec8fbc190045b833 | Videoconferencing | The core technology used in a videoconferencing system is digital compression of audio and video streams in real time. The hardware or software that performs compression is called a codec (coder/decoder). Compression rates of up to 1:500 can be achieved. The resulting digital stream of 1s and 0s is subdivided into labe... | What does POTS stand for? | {
"answer_start": [
504
],
"text": [
"Plain Old Telephone System"
]
} |
570b1cf5ec8fbc190045b834 | Videoconferencing | The core technology used in a videoconferencing system is digital compression of audio and video streams in real time. The hardware or software that performs compression is called a codec (coder/decoder). Compression rates of up to 1:500 can be achieved. The resulting digital stream of 1s and 0s is subdivided into labe... | What do POTS do? | {
"answer_start": [
601
],
"text": [
"convert the digital pulses to/from analog waves"
]
} |
570b1e4aec8fbc190045b83a | Videoconferencing | Typical use of the various technologies described above include calling or conferencing on a one-on-one, one-to-many or many-to-many basis for personal, business, educational, deaf Video Relay Service and tele-medical, diagnostic and rehabilitative use or services. New services utilizing videocalling and videoconferenc... | What is a common use of conferencing technology? | {
"answer_start": [
176
],
"text": [
"deaf Video Relay Service"
]
} |
570b1e4aec8fbc190045b83b | Videoconferencing | Typical use of the various technologies described above include calling or conferencing on a one-on-one, one-to-many or many-to-many basis for personal, business, educational, deaf Video Relay Service and tele-medical, diagnostic and rehabilitative use or services. New services utilizing videocalling and videoconferenc... | What profession utilizes videoconferencing technology to conduct online sessions? | {
"answer_start": [
333
],
"text": [
"teachers"
]
} |
570b1e4aec8fbc190045b83c | Videoconferencing | Typical use of the various technologies described above include calling or conferencing on a one-on-one, one-to-many or many-to-many basis for personal, business, educational, deaf Video Relay Service and tele-medical, diagnostic and rehabilitative use or services. New services utilizing videocalling and videoconferenc... | What is one way that videocalling can be used? | {
"answer_start": [
388
],
"text": [
"personal videocalls to inmates"
]
} |
570b1e4aec8fbc190045b83d | Videoconferencing | Typical use of the various technologies described above include calling or conferencing on a one-on-one, one-to-many or many-to-many basis for personal, business, educational, deaf Video Relay Service and tele-medical, diagnostic and rehabilitative use or services. New services utilizing videocalling and videoconferenc... | What is a common use of conferencing technology? | {
"answer_start": [
205
],
"text": [
"tele-medical"
]
} |
570b1f6b6b8089140040f746 | Videoconferencing | Videoconferencing is a highly useful technology for real-time telemedicine and telenursing applications, such as diagnosis, consulting, transmission of medical images, etc... With videoconferencing, patients may contact nurses and physicians in emergency or routine situations; physicians and other paramedical professio... | What is one way that videoconferencing is useful? | {
"answer_start": [
52
],
"text": [
"real-time telemedicine"
]
} |
570b1f6b6b8089140040f747 | Videoconferencing | Videoconferencing is a highly useful technology for real-time telemedicine and telenursing applications, such as diagnosis, consulting, transmission of medical images, etc... With videoconferencing, patients may contact nurses and physicians in emergency or routine situations; physicians and other paramedical professio... | What areas benefit especially from videoconferencing? | {
"answer_start": [
367
],
"text": [
"Rural"
]
} |
570b1f6b6b8089140040f748 | Videoconferencing | Videoconferencing is a highly useful technology for real-time telemedicine and telenursing applications, such as diagnosis, consulting, transmission of medical images, etc... With videoconferencing, patients may contact nurses and physicians in emergency or routine situations; physicians and other paramedical professio... | In what US state did a rural area use videoconferencing to help reduce the number of transfers of sick infants to hospitals? | {
"answer_start": [
537
],
"text": [
"Ohio"
]
} |
570b1f6b6b8089140040f749 | Videoconferencing | Videoconferencing is a highly useful technology for real-time telemedicine and telenursing applications, such as diagnosis, consulting, transmission of medical images, etc... With videoconferencing, patients may contact nurses and physicians in emergency or routine situations; physicians and other paramedical professio... | How far away was the hospital from this rural area? | {
"answer_start": [
655
],
"text": [
"70 miles"
]
} |
570b1f6b6b8089140040f74a | Videoconferencing | Videoconferencing is a highly useful technology for real-time telemedicine and telenursing applications, such as diagnosis, consulting, transmission of medical images, etc... With videoconferencing, patients may contact nurses and physicians in emergency or routine situations; physicians and other paramedical professio... | How much money did videoconferencing help this rural area save? | {
"answer_start": [
711
],
"text": [
"$10,000 per transfer"
]
} |
570b2117ec8fbc190045b842 | Videoconferencing | VRS services have become well developed nationally in Sweden since 1997 and also in the United States since the first decade of the 2000s. With the exception of Sweden, VRS has been provided in Europe for only a few years since the mid-2000s, and as of 2010 has not been made available in many European Union countries, ... | In what European country has VRS services become well developed? | {
"answer_start": [
54
],
"text": [
"Sweden"
]
} |
570b2117ec8fbc190045b843 | Videoconferencing | VRS services have become well developed nationally in Sweden since 1997 and also in the United States since the first decade of the 2000s. With the exception of Sweden, VRS has been provided in Europe for only a few years since the mid-2000s, and as of 2010 has not been made available in many European Union countries, ... | What is one of the reasons why VRS services are not in most European countries? | {
"answer_start": [
386
],
"text": [
"financing"
]
} |
570b2117ec8fbc190045b844 | Videoconferencing | VRS services have become well developed nationally in Sweden since 1997 and also in the United States since the first decade of the 2000s. With the exception of Sweden, VRS has been provided in Europe for only a few years since the mid-2000s, and as of 2010 has not been made available in many European Union countries, ... | What European country is a leader in providing VRS services to its citizens? | {
"answer_start": [
498
],
"text": [
"Germany"
]
} |
570b2117ec8fbc190045b845 | Videoconferencing | VRS services have become well developed nationally in Sweden since 1997 and also in the United States since the first decade of the 2000s. With the exception of Sweden, VRS has been provided in Europe for only a few years since the mid-2000s, and as of 2010 has not been made available in many European Union countries, ... | What country is a world leader in providing VRS services? | {
"answer_start": [
580
],
"text": [
"United States"
]
} |
570b221b6b8089140040f768 | Videoconferencing | In May 2005, the first high definition video conferencing systems, produced by LifeSize Communications, were displayed at the Interop trade show in Las Vegas, Nevada, able to provide video at 30 frames per second with a 1280 by 720 display resolution. Polycom introduced its first high definition video conferencing syst... | What year was the first HD video conferencing system displayed? | {
"answer_start": [
7
],
"text": [
"2005"
]
} |
570b221b6b8089140040f769 | Videoconferencing | In May 2005, the first high definition video conferencing systems, produced by LifeSize Communications, were displayed at the Interop trade show in Las Vegas, Nevada, able to provide video at 30 frames per second with a 1280 by 720 display resolution. Polycom introduced its first high definition video conferencing syst... | Who produced the first high definition video conferencing system? | {
"answer_start": [
79
],
"text": [
"LifeSize Communications"
]
} |
570b221b6b8089140040f76a | Videoconferencing | In May 2005, the first high definition video conferencing systems, produced by LifeSize Communications, were displayed at the Interop trade show in Las Vegas, Nevada, able to provide video at 30 frames per second with a 1280 by 720 display resolution. Polycom introduced its first high definition video conferencing syst... | Where was the first HD video conferencing system displayed? | {
"answer_start": [
148
],
"text": [
"Las Vegas, Nevada"
]
} |
570b221b6b8089140040f76b | Videoconferencing | In May 2005, the first high definition video conferencing systems, produced by LifeSize Communications, were displayed at the Interop trade show in Las Vegas, Nevada, able to provide video at 30 frames per second with a 1280 by 720 display resolution. Polycom introduced its first high definition video conferencing syst... | What company introduced the first HD video conferencing system to the general market? | {
"answer_start": [
252
],
"text": [
"Polycom"
]
} |
570b221b6b8089140040f76c | Videoconferencing | In May 2005, the first high definition video conferencing systems, produced by LifeSize Communications, were displayed at the Interop trade show in Las Vegas, Nevada, able to provide video at 30 frames per second with a 1280 by 720 display resolution. Polycom introduced its first high definition video conferencing syst... | What was the resolution of the first HD video conferencing system? | {
"answer_start": [
220
],
"text": [
"1280 by 720"
]
} |
570b24776b8089140040f786 | Videoconferencing | Some systems are capable of multipoint conferencing with no MCU, stand-alone, embedded or otherwise. These use a standards-based H.323 technique known as "decentralized multipoint", where each station in a multipoint call exchanges video and audio directly with the other stations with no central "manager" or other bott... | What do systems with no MCU use in order to perform multipoint conferencing? | {
"answer_start": [
111
],
"text": [
"a standards-based H.323 technique"
]
} |
570b24776b8089140040f787 | Videoconferencing | Some systems are capable of multipoint conferencing with no MCU, stand-alone, embedded or otherwise. These use a standards-based H.323 technique known as "decentralized multipoint", where each station in a multipoint call exchanges video and audio directly with the other stations with no central "manager" or other bott... | What is one advantage of using an H.323 technique? | {
"answer_start": [
411
],
"text": [
"higher quality"
]
} |
570b24776b8089140040f788 | Videoconferencing | Some systems are capable of multipoint conferencing with no MCU, stand-alone, embedded or otherwise. These use a standards-based H.323 technique known as "decentralized multipoint", where each station in a multipoint call exchanges video and audio directly with the other stations with no central "manager" or other bott... | What is one disadvantage of using the H.323 technique? | {
"answer_start": [
661
],
"text": [
"increased network bandwidth"
]
} |
570b24776b8089140040f789 | Videoconferencing | Some systems are capable of multipoint conferencing with no MCU, stand-alone, embedded or otherwise. These use a standards-based H.323 technique known as "decentralized multipoint", where each station in a multipoint call exchanges video and audio directly with the other stations with no central "manager" or other bott... | What is the H.323 technique also known as? | {
"answer_start": [
155
],
"text": [
"decentralized multipoint"
]
} |
570b24776b8089140040f78a | Videoconferencing | Some systems are capable of multipoint conferencing with no MCU, stand-alone, embedded or otherwise. These use a standards-based H.323 technique known as "decentralized multipoint", where each station in a multipoint call exchanges video and audio directly with the other stations with no central "manager" or other bott... | Why is the video and audio of the H.323 technique higher quality? | {
"answer_start": [
434
],
"text": [
"they don't have to be relayed through a central point"
]
} |
570b25ecec8fbc190045b87c | Videoconferencing | The U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA), which oversees the world's largest administrative judicial system under its Office of Disability Adjudication and Review (ODAR), has made extensive use of videoconferencing to conduct hearings at remote locations. In Fiscal Year (FY) 2009, the U.S. Social Security Administ... | Who has the world's largest administrative judicial system? | {
"answer_start": [
4
],
"text": [
"U.S."
]
} |
570b25ecec8fbc190045b87d | Videoconferencing | The U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA), which oversees the world's largest administrative judicial system under its Office of Disability Adjudication and Review (ODAR), has made extensive use of videoconferencing to conduct hearings at remote locations. In Fiscal Year (FY) 2009, the U.S. Social Security Administ... | What US Department oversees the World's largest administrative judicial system? | {
"answer_start": [
9
],
"text": [
"Social Security Administration (SSA)"
]
} |
570b25ecec8fbc190045b87e | Videoconferencing | The U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA), which oversees the world's largest administrative judicial system under its Office of Disability Adjudication and Review (ODAR), has made extensive use of videoconferencing to conduct hearings at remote locations. In Fiscal Year (FY) 2009, the U.S. Social Security Administ... | In what year did the SSA see a 55% increase in videoconferenced hearings? | {
"answer_start": [
281
],
"text": [
"2009"
]
} |
570b25ecec8fbc190045b87f | Videoconferencing | The U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA), which oversees the world's largest administrative judicial system under its Office of Disability Adjudication and Review (ODAR), has made extensive use of videoconferencing to conduct hearings at remote locations. In Fiscal Year (FY) 2009, the U.S. Social Security Administ... | When did the SSA open its largest videoconferencing-only center? | {
"answer_start": [
409
],
"text": [
"August 2010"
]
} |
570b25ecec8fbc190045b880 | Videoconferencing | The U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA), which oversees the world's largest administrative judicial system under its Office of Disability Adjudication and Review (ODAR), has made extensive use of videoconferencing to conduct hearings at remote locations. In Fiscal Year (FY) 2009, the U.S. Social Security Administ... | Where is the SSA's fifth videoconferencing only center located? | {
"answer_start": [
516
],
"text": [
"St. Louis, Missouri"
]
} |
570af6316b8089140040f63a | Gregorian_calendar | To unambiguously specify the date, dual dating or Old Style (O.S.) and New Style (N.S.) are sometimes used with dates. Dual dating uses two consecutive years because of differences in the starting date of the year, or includes both the Julian and Gregorian dates. Old Style and New Style (N.S.) indicate either whether t... | What does duel dating use to show the date? | {
"answer_start": [
136
],
"text": [
"two consecutive years"
]
} |
570af6316b8089140040f63b | Gregorian_calendar | To unambiguously specify the date, dual dating or Old Style (O.S.) and New Style (N.S.) are sometimes used with dates. Dual dating uses two consecutive years because of differences in the starting date of the year, or includes both the Julian and Gregorian dates. Old Style and New Style (N.S.) indicate either whether t... | What is the Old Style date mean? | {
"answer_start": [
509
],
"text": [
"Julian calendar"
]
} |
570af6316b8089140040f63c | Gregorian_calendar | To unambiguously specify the date, dual dating or Old Style (O.S.) and New Style (N.S.) are sometimes used with dates. Dual dating uses two consecutive years because of differences in the starting date of the year, or includes both the Julian and Gregorian dates. Old Style and New Style (N.S.) indicate either whether t... | What is N.S. stand for? | {
"answer_start": [
71
],
"text": [
"New Style"
]
} |
570af6316b8089140040f63d | Gregorian_calendar | To unambiguously specify the date, dual dating or Old Style (O.S.) and New Style (N.S.) are sometimes used with dates. Dual dating uses two consecutive years because of differences in the starting date of the year, or includes both the Julian and Gregorian dates. Old Style and New Style (N.S.) indicate either whether t... | What are New Style dates? | {
"answer_start": [
548
],
"text": [
"Gregorian"
]
} |
570af6316b8089140040f63e | Gregorian_calendar | To unambiguously specify the date, dual dating or Old Style (O.S.) and New Style (N.S.) are sometimes used with dates. Dual dating uses two consecutive years because of differences in the starting date of the year, or includes both the Julian and Gregorian dates. Old Style and New Style (N.S.) indicate either whether t... | Why use two consecutive year dates? | {
"answer_start": [
188
],
"text": [
"starting date of the year"
]
} |
570af7f4ec8fbc190045b792 | Gregorian_calendar | The Gregorian calendar was a reform of the Julian calendar instituted in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom the calendar was named, by papal bull Inter gravissimas dated 24 February 1582. The motivation for the adjustment was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of year in which it was celebra... | Who revised the Julian calendar? | {
"answer_start": [
81
],
"text": [
"Pope Gregory XIII"
]
} |
570af7f4ec8fbc190045b793 | Gregorian_calendar | The Gregorian calendar was a reform of the Julian calendar instituted in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom the calendar was named, by papal bull Inter gravissimas dated 24 February 1582. The motivation for the adjustment was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of year in which it was celebra... | When was the Gregorian Calendar introduced? | {
"answer_start": [
73
],
"text": [
"1582"
]
} |
570af7f4ec8fbc190045b794 | Gregorian_calendar | The Gregorian calendar was a reform of the Julian calendar instituted in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom the calendar was named, by papal bull Inter gravissimas dated 24 February 1582. The motivation for the adjustment was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of year in which it was celebra... | What calendar was used in the reform to create the Gregorian calendar? | {
"answer_start": [
43
],
"text": [
"Julian calendar"
]
} |
570af7f4ec8fbc190045b795 | Gregorian_calendar | The Gregorian calendar was a reform of the Julian calendar instituted in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom the calendar was named, by papal bull Inter gravissimas dated 24 February 1582. The motivation for the adjustment was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of year in which it was celebra... | What holiday was the inducement to revise the Julian calendar? | {
"answer_start": [
270
],
"text": [
"Easter"
]
} |
570af7f4ec8fbc190045b796 | Gregorian_calendar | The Gregorian calendar was a reform of the Julian calendar instituted in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom the calendar was named, by papal bull Inter gravissimas dated 24 February 1582. The motivation for the adjustment was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of year in which it was celebra... | When did the First Council of Nicaea rule that Easter be celebrated by all Christians? | {
"answer_start": [
486
],
"text": [
"on the same day"
]
} |
570af9f26b8089140040f662 | Gregorian_calendar | Philip II of Spain decreed the change from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar, which affected much of Roman Catholic Europe, as Philip was at the time ruler over Spain and Portugal as well as much of Italy. In these territories, as well as in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (ruled by Anna Jagiellon) and in the Pap... | What ruler decreed the change to the Gregorian calendar? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Philip II of Spain"
]
} |
570af9f26b8089140040f663 | Gregorian_calendar | Philip II of Spain decreed the change from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar, which affected much of Roman Catholic Europe, as Philip was at the time ruler over Spain and Portugal as well as much of Italy. In these territories, as well as in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (ruled by Anna Jagiellon) and in the Pap... | Besides part of Italy, over what areas did Phillip rule? | {
"answer_start": [
164
],
"text": [
"Spain and Portugal"
]
} |
570af9f26b8089140040f664 | Gregorian_calendar | Philip II of Spain decreed the change from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar, which affected much of Roman Catholic Europe, as Philip was at the time ruler over Spain and Portugal as well as much of Italy. In these territories, as well as in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (ruled by Anna Jagiellon) and in the Pap... | What was the first day selected to be the first day using the new calendar? | {
"answer_start": [
465
],
"text": [
"Friday, 15 October 1582"
]
} |
570af9f26b8089140040f665 | Gregorian_calendar | Philip II of Spain decreed the change from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar, which affected much of Roman Catholic Europe, as Philip was at the time ruler over Spain and Portugal as well as much of Italy. In these territories, as well as in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (ruled by Anna Jagiellon) and in the Pap... | What was the last day the Julian calendar was used? | {
"answer_start": [
411
],
"text": [
"Thursday, 4 October 1582"
]
} |
570af9f26b8089140040f666 | Gregorian_calendar | Philip II of Spain decreed the change from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar, which affected much of Roman Catholic Europe, as Philip was at the time ruler over Spain and Portugal as well as much of Italy. In these territories, as well as in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (ruled by Anna Jagiellon) and in the Pap... | Why did the Spanish colonies lag behind in adopting the calendar? | {
"answer_start": [
570
],
"text": [
"delay in communication"
]
} |
570afbdf6b8089140040f676 | Gregorian_calendar | During the period between 1582, when the first countries adopted the Gregorian calendar, and 1923, when the last European country adopted it, it was often necessary to indicate the date of some event in both the Julian calendar and in the Gregorian calendar, for example, "10/21 February 1750/51", where the dual year ac... | When did the last country to adopt the Gregorian calendar start using it? | {
"answer_start": [
93
],
"text": [
"1923"
]
} |
570afbdf6b8089140040f677 | Gregorian_calendar | During the period between 1582, when the first countries adopted the Gregorian calendar, and 1923, when the last European country adopted it, it was often necessary to indicate the date of some event in both the Julian calendar and in the Gregorian calendar, for example, "10/21 February 1750/51", where the dual year ac... | At what date did the first country start using the new calendar? | {
"answer_start": [
26
],
"text": [
"1582"
]
} |
570afbdf6b8089140040f678 | Gregorian_calendar | During the period between 1582, when the first countries adopted the Gregorian calendar, and 1923, when the last European country adopted it, it was often necessary to indicate the date of some event in both the Julian calendar and in the Gregorian calendar, for example, "10/21 February 1750/51", where the dual year ac... | How which calendar did some countries notate the date? | {
"answer_start": [
200
],
"text": [
"in both"
]
} |
570afbdf6b8089140040f679 | Gregorian_calendar | During the period between 1582, when the first countries adopted the Gregorian calendar, and 1923, when the last European country adopted it, it was often necessary to indicate the date of some event in both the Julian calendar and in the Gregorian calendar, for example, "10/21 February 1750/51", where the dual year ac... | Who said that English writers usually used both dates on writings? | {
"answer_start": [
574
],
"text": [
"Woolley"
]
} |
570afbdf6b8089140040f67a | Gregorian_calendar | During the period between 1582, when the first countries adopted the Gregorian calendar, and 1923, when the last European country adopted it, it was often necessary to indicate the date of some event in both the Julian calendar and in the Gregorian calendar, for example, "10/21 February 1750/51", where the dual year ac... | What difference in dating caused the use of double-dating documents? | {
"answer_start": [
519
],
"text": [
"different beginnings of the year"
]
} |
570afd13ec8fbc190045b7a6 | Gregorian_calendar | The calendar was a refinement to the Julian calendar amounting to a 0.002% correction in the length of the year. The motivation for the reform was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of the year in which it was celebrated when it was introduced by the early Church. Because the celebration of Eas... | What was the percentsge of correction from the Julian calendar to the new Gregorian calendar? | {
"answer_start": [
68
],
"text": [
"0.002%"
]
} |
570afd13ec8fbc190045b7a7 | Gregorian_calendar | The calendar was a refinement to the Julian calendar amounting to a 0.002% correction in the length of the year. The motivation for the reform was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of the year in which it was celebrated when it was introduced by the early Church. Because the celebration of Eas... | What was the correction due to? | {
"answer_start": [
93
],
"text": [
"length of the year"
]
} |
570afd13ec8fbc190045b7a8 | Gregorian_calendar | The calendar was a refinement to the Julian calendar amounting to a 0.002% correction in the length of the year. The motivation for the reform was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of the year in which it was celebrated when it was introduced by the early Church. Because the celebration of Eas... | What change in date motivated the change in calendars? | {
"answer_start": [
173
],
"text": [
"celebration of Easter"
]
} |
570afd13ec8fbc190045b7a9 | Gregorian_calendar | The calendar was a refinement to the Julian calendar amounting to a 0.002% correction in the length of the year. The motivation for the reform was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of the year in which it was celebrated when it was introduced by the early Church. Because the celebration of Eas... | To what astrological date was Easter tied? | {
"answer_start": [
340
],
"text": [
"spring equinox"
]
} |
570afd13ec8fbc190045b7aa | Gregorian_calendar | The calendar was a refinement to the Julian calendar amounting to a 0.002% correction in the length of the year. The motivation for the reform was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of the year in which it was celebrated when it was introduced by the early Church. Because the celebration of Eas... | What was wrong in the Julian calendar? | {
"answer_start": [
457
],
"text": [
"slightly too long"
]
} |
570afefeec8fbc190045b7ba | Gregorian_calendar | The Gregorian calendar is a solar calendar. A regular Gregorian year consists of 365 days, but as in the Julian calendar, in a leap year, a leap day is added to February. In the Julian calendar a leap year occurs every 4 years, but the Gregorian calendar omits 3 leap days every 400 years. In the Julian calendar, this l... | What kind of calendar is the Gregorian calendar? | {
"answer_start": [
28
],
"text": [
"solar"
]
} |
570afefeec8fbc190045b7bb | Gregorian_calendar | The Gregorian calendar is a solar calendar. A regular Gregorian year consists of 365 days, but as in the Julian calendar, in a leap year, a leap day is added to February. In the Julian calendar a leap year occurs every 4 years, but the Gregorian calendar omits 3 leap days every 400 years. In the Julian calendar, this l... | How many days are in the Gregorian calendar? | {
"answer_start": [
81
],
"text": [
"365"
]
} |
570afefeec8fbc190045b7bc | Gregorian_calendar | The Gregorian calendar is a solar calendar. A regular Gregorian year consists of 365 days, but as in the Julian calendar, in a leap year, a leap day is added to February. In the Julian calendar a leap year occurs every 4 years, but the Gregorian calendar omits 3 leap days every 400 years. In the Julian calendar, this l... | How often is a leap day added to the Julian calendar year? | {
"answer_start": [
213
],
"text": [
"every 4 years"
]
} |
570afefeec8fbc190045b7bd | Gregorian_calendar | The Gregorian calendar is a solar calendar. A regular Gregorian year consists of 365 days, but as in the Julian calendar, in a leap year, a leap day is added to February. In the Julian calendar a leap year occurs every 4 years, but the Gregorian calendar omits 3 leap days every 400 years. In the Julian calendar, this l... | When does the Gregorian calendar omit 3 leap days? | {
"answer_start": [
273
],
"text": [
"every 400 years"
]
} |
570afefeec8fbc190045b7be | Gregorian_calendar | The Gregorian calendar is a solar calendar. A regular Gregorian year consists of 365 days, but as in the Julian calendar, in a leap year, a leap day is added to February. In the Julian calendar a leap year occurs every 4 years, but the Gregorian calendar omits 3 leap days every 400 years. In the Julian calendar, this l... | On what day did both the Julian and Gregorian calendars add leap day? | {
"answer_start": [
353
],
"text": [
"24 February"
]
} |
570b01c36b8089140040f6b2 | Gregorian_calendar | Easter was the Sunday after the 15th day of this moon, whose 14th day was allowed to precede the equinox. Where the two systems produced different dates there was generally a compromise so that both churches were able to celebrate on the same day. By the 10th century all churches (except some on the eastern border of t... | When was Easter Sunday celebrated after the equinox? | {
"answer_start": [
32
],
"text": [
"15th day"
]
} |
570b01c36b8089140040f6b3 | Gregorian_calendar | Easter was the Sunday after the 15th day of this moon, whose 14th day was allowed to precede the equinox. Where the two systems produced different dates there was generally a compromise so that both churches were able to celebrate on the same day. By the 10th century all churches (except some on the eastern border of t... | What did churches do to settle the date if there was a difference? | {
"answer_start": [
175
],
"text": [
"compromise"
]
} |
570b01c36b8089140040f6b4 | Gregorian_calendar | Easter was the Sunday after the 15th day of this moon, whose 14th day was allowed to precede the equinox. Where the two systems produced different dates there was generally a compromise so that both churches were able to celebrate on the same day. By the 10th century all churches (except some on the eastern border of t... | By what century had almost all churches begun celebrating Easter according to the Alexandrian Easter? | {
"answer_start": [
255
],
"text": [
"10th century"
]
} |
570b01c36b8089140040f6b5 | Gregorian_calendar | Easter was the Sunday after the 15th day of this moon, whose 14th day was allowed to precede the equinox. Where the two systems produced different dates there was generally a compromise so that both churches were able to celebrate on the same day. By the 10th century all churches (except some on the eastern border of t... | On what border of the Byzantine Empire were the last holdouts for celebrating according the Alexandrian Easter? | {
"answer_start": [
301
],
"text": [
"eastern border"
]
} |
570b01c36b8089140040f6b6 | Gregorian_calendar | Easter was the Sunday after the 15th day of this moon, whose 14th day was allowed to precede the equinox. Where the two systems produced different dates there was generally a compromise so that both churches were able to celebrate on the same day. By the 10th century all churches (except some on the eastern border of t... | What date placement drifted increasingly off the true date on the calendar? | {
"answer_start": [
400
],
"text": [
"vernal equinox"
]
} |
570b03a2ec8fbc190045b7d8 | Gregorian_calendar | Lilius's proposals had two components. Firstly, he proposed a correction to the length of the year. The mean tropical year is 365.24219 days long. As the average length of a Julian year is 365.25 days, the Julian year is almost 11 minutes longer than the mean tropical year. The discrepancy results in a drift of about t... | What did Lilius first propose to correct in the calendar? | {
"answer_start": [
80
],
"text": [
"length of the year"
]
} |
570b03a2ec8fbc190045b7d9 | Gregorian_calendar | Lilius's proposals had two components. Firstly, he proposed a correction to the length of the year. The mean tropical year is 365.24219 days long. As the average length of a Julian year is 365.25 days, the Julian year is almost 11 minutes longer than the mean tropical year. The discrepancy results in a drift of about t... | By how much is the Julian calendar too long? | {
"answer_start": [
228
],
"text": [
"11 minutes"
]
} |
570b03a2ec8fbc190045b7da | Gregorian_calendar | Lilius's proposals had two components. Firstly, he proposed a correction to the length of the year. The mean tropical year is 365.24219 days long. As the average length of a Julian year is 365.25 days, the Julian year is almost 11 minutes longer than the mean tropical year. The discrepancy results in a drift of about t... | How much difference does the extra 11 minutes make over 400 years time? | {
"answer_start": [
319
],
"text": [
"three days"
]
} |
570b03a2ec8fbc190045b7db | Gregorian_calendar | Lilius's proposals had two components. Firstly, he proposed a correction to the length of the year. The mean tropical year is 365.24219 days long. As the average length of a Julian year is 365.25 days, the Julian year is almost 11 minutes longer than the mean tropical year. The discrepancy results in a drift of about t... | On what date was the original vernal equinox set? | {
"answer_start": [
633
],
"text": [
"21 March"
]
} |
570b03a2ec8fbc190045b7dc | Gregorian_calendar | Lilius's proposals had two components. Firstly, he proposed a correction to the length of the year. The mean tropical year is 365.24219 days long. As the average length of a Julian year is 365.25 days, the Julian year is almost 11 minutes longer than the mean tropical year. The discrepancy results in a drift of about t... | By the time of Lilius where was the equinox falling? | {
"answer_start": [
572
],
"text": [
"10 or 11 March"
]
} |
570b057a6b8089140040f6ec | Gregorian_calendar | Most Western European countries changed the start of the year to 1 January before they adopted the Gregorian calendar. For example, Scotland changed the start of the Scottish New Year to 1 January in 1600 (this means that 1599 was a short year). England, Ireland and the British colonies changed the start of the year to... | On what date did most European countries set the start of the new year? | {
"answer_start": [
65
],
"text": [
"1 January"
]
} |
570b057a6b8089140040f6ed | Gregorian_calendar | Most Western European countries changed the start of the year to 1 January before they adopted the Gregorian calendar. For example, Scotland changed the start of the Scottish New Year to 1 January in 1600 (this means that 1599 was a short year). England, Ireland and the British colonies changed the start of the year to... | When did Scotland begin to use January 1 as the start of the new year? | {
"answer_start": [
200
],
"text": [
"1600"
]
} |
570b057a6b8089140040f6ee | Gregorian_calendar | Most Western European countries changed the start of the year to 1 January before they adopted the Gregorian calendar. For example, Scotland changed the start of the Scottish New Year to 1 January in 1600 (this means that 1599 was a short year). England, Ireland and the British colonies changed the start of the year to... | When did the other British states and colonies set the year start date to January 1? | {
"answer_start": [
334
],
"text": [
"1752"
]
} |
570b057a6b8089140040f6ef | Gregorian_calendar | Most Western European countries changed the start of the year to 1 January before they adopted the Gregorian calendar. For example, Scotland changed the start of the Scottish New Year to 1 January in 1600 (this means that 1599 was a short year). England, Ireland and the British colonies changed the start of the year to... | What act did Britain use to implement the use of the Gregorian calendar? | {
"answer_start": [
689
],
"text": [
"Calendar (New Style) Act 1750"
]
} |
570b057a6b8089140040f6f0 | Gregorian_calendar | Most Western European countries changed the start of the year to 1 January before they adopted the Gregorian calendar. For example, Scotland changed the start of the Scottish New Year to 1 January in 1600 (this means that 1599 was a short year). England, Ireland and the British colonies changed the start of the year to... | When did England finally change the tax year to 6 April? | {
"answer_start": [
478
],
"text": [
"1800"
]
} |
570b07e16b8089140040f6f6 | Gregorian_calendar | Extending the Gregorian calendar backwards to dates preceding its official introduction produces a proleptic calendar, which should be used with some caution. For ordinary purposes, the dates of events occurring prior to 15 October 1582 are generally shown as they appeared in the Julian calendar, with the year starting... | Attempting to use Gregorian dates for earlier events on the Julian calendar should be used with what action? | {
"answer_start": [
150
],
"text": [
"caution"
]
} |
570b07e16b8089140040f6f8 | Gregorian_calendar | Extending the Gregorian calendar backwards to dates preceding its official introduction produces a proleptic calendar, which should be used with some caution. For ordinary purposes, the dates of events occurring prior to 15 October 1582 are generally shown as they appeared in the Julian calendar, with the year starting... | When was the Battle of Agincourt? | {
"answer_start": [
471
],
"text": [
"25 October 1415"
]
} |
570b07e16b8089140040f6f7 | Gregorian_calendar | Extending the Gregorian calendar backwards to dates preceding its official introduction produces a proleptic calendar, which should be used with some caution. For ordinary purposes, the dates of events occurring prior to 15 October 1582 are generally shown as they appeared in the Julian calendar, with the year starting... | When are events usually shown as they appeared on the Julian calendar? | {
"answer_start": [
212
],
"text": [
"prior to 15 October 1582"
]
} |
570b07e16b8089140040f6f9 | Gregorian_calendar | Extending the Gregorian calendar backwards to dates preceding its official introduction produces a proleptic calendar, which should be used with some caution. For ordinary purposes, the dates of events occurring prior to 15 October 1582 are generally shown as they appeared in the Julian calendar, with the year starting... | What other date is 25 October known for, that keeps the Battle of Agincourt on 25 October,1415? | {
"answer_start": [
496
],
"text": [
"Saint Crispin's Day"
]
} |
570b07e16b8089140040f6fa | Gregorian_calendar | Extending the Gregorian calendar backwards to dates preceding its official introduction produces a proleptic calendar, which should be used with some caution. For ordinary purposes, the dates of events occurring prior to 15 October 1582 are generally shown as they appeared in the Julian calendar, with the year starting... | In the Julian calendar when is the start of the new year? | {
"answer_start": [
324
],
"text": [
"1 January"
]
} |
570b0c33ec8fbc190045b80a | Gregorian_calendar | A language-independent alternative used in many countries is to hold up one's two fists with the index knuckle of the left hand against the index knuckle of the right hand. Then, starting with January from the little knuckle of the left hand, count knuckle, space, knuckle, space through the months. A knuckle represents... | Why would a knuckle -space count be used to determine months? | {
"answer_start": [
2
],
"text": [
"language-independent"
]
} |
570b0c33ec8fbc190045b80b | Gregorian_calendar | A language-independent alternative used in many countries is to hold up one's two fists with the index knuckle of the left hand against the index knuckle of the right hand. Then, starting with January from the little knuckle of the left hand, count knuckle, space, knuckle, space through the months. A knuckle represents... | A knuckle count is a month of how many days? | {
"answer_start": [
332
],
"text": [
"31"
]
} |
570b0c33ec8fbc190045b80c | Gregorian_calendar | A language-independent alternative used in many countries is to hold up one's two fists with the index knuckle of the left hand against the index knuckle of the right hand. Then, starting with January from the little knuckle of the left hand, count knuckle, space, knuckle, space through the months. A knuckle represents... | The space between knuckles is what kind of month? | {
"answer_start": [
366
],
"text": [
"short month"
]
} |
570b0c33ec8fbc190045b80d | Gregorian_calendar | A language-independent alternative used in many countries is to hold up one's two fists with the index knuckle of the left hand against the index knuckle of the right hand. Then, starting with January from the little knuckle of the left hand, count knuckle, space, knuckle, space through the months. A knuckle represents... | What are held together for a knuckle-space month count? | {
"answer_start": [
72
],
"text": [
"one's two fists"
]
} |
570b0e40ec8fbc190045b812 | Gregorian_calendar | The Gregorian reform contained two parts: a reform of the Julian calendar as used prior to Pope Gregory XIII's time and a reform of the lunar cycle used by the Church, with the Julian calendar, to calculate the date of Easter. The reform was a modification of a proposal made by Aloysius Lilius. His proposal included re... | How many parts did the Gregorian calendar reform have? | {
"answer_start": [
31
],
"text": [
"two parts"
]
} |
570b0e40ec8fbc190045b813 | Gregorian_calendar | The Gregorian reform contained two parts: a reform of the Julian calendar as used prior to Pope Gregory XIII's time and a reform of the lunar cycle used by the Church, with the Julian calendar, to calculate the date of Easter. The reform was a modification of a proposal made by Aloysius Lilius. His proposal included re... | What was the first reform concerning the calendar? | {
"answer_start": [
58
],
"text": [
"Julian calendar"
]
} |
570b0e40ec8fbc190045b814 | Gregorian_calendar | The Gregorian reform contained two parts: a reform of the Julian calendar as used prior to Pope Gregory XIII's time and a reform of the lunar cycle used by the Church, with the Julian calendar, to calculate the date of Easter. The reform was a modification of a proposal made by Aloysius Lilius. His proposal included re... | What was the second reform of the calendar? | {
"answer_start": [
136
],
"text": [
"lunar cycle"
]
} |
570b0e40ec8fbc190045b815 | Gregorian_calendar | The Gregorian reform contained two parts: a reform of the Julian calendar as used prior to Pope Gregory XIII's time and a reform of the lunar cycle used by the Church, with the Julian calendar, to calculate the date of Easter. The reform was a modification of a proposal made by Aloysius Lilius. His proposal included re... | What was calculated using the lunar calendar? | {
"answer_start": [
211
],
"text": [
"date of Easter"
]
} |
570b0e40ec8fbc190045b816 | Gregorian_calendar | The Gregorian reform contained two parts: a reform of the Julian calendar as used prior to Pope Gregory XIII's time and a reform of the lunar cycle used by the Church, with the Julian calendar, to calculate the date of Easter. The reform was a modification of a proposal made by Aloysius Lilius. His proposal included re... | What did Lilius's calendar plan to reduce in every 400 years? | {
"answer_start": [
331
],
"text": [
"number of leap years"
]
} |
570b1e506b8089140040f732 | Gregorian_calendar | Prior to 1917, Turkey used the lunar Islamic calendar with the Hegira era for general purposes and the Julian calendar for fiscal purposes. The start of the fiscal year was eventually fixed at 1 March and the year number was roughly equivalent to the Hegira year (see Rumi calendar). As the solar year is longer than the... | What calendar did Turkey use before 1917 for general purposes? | {
"answer_start": [
31
],
"text": [
"lunar Islamic"
]
} |
570b1e506b8089140040f733 | Gregorian_calendar | Prior to 1917, Turkey used the lunar Islamic calendar with the Hegira era for general purposes and the Julian calendar for fiscal purposes. The start of the fiscal year was eventually fixed at 1 March and the year number was roughly equivalent to the Hegira year (see Rumi calendar). As the solar year is longer than the... | What calendar did Turkey utilize for fiscal purposes? | {
"answer_start": [
103
],
"text": [
"Julian"
]
} |
570b1e506b8089140040f734 | Gregorian_calendar | Prior to 1917, Turkey used the lunar Islamic calendar with the Hegira era for general purposes and the Julian calendar for fiscal purposes. The start of the fiscal year was eventually fixed at 1 March and the year number was roughly equivalent to the Hegira year (see Rumi calendar). As the solar year is longer than the... | Where did Turkey start the fiscal year? | {
"answer_start": [
193
],
"text": [
"1 March"
]
} |
570b1e506b8089140040f735 | Gregorian_calendar | Prior to 1917, Turkey used the lunar Islamic calendar with the Hegira era for general purposes and the Julian calendar for fiscal purposes. The start of the fiscal year was eventually fixed at 1 March and the year number was roughly equivalent to the Hegira year (see Rumi calendar). As the solar year is longer than the... | When did Turkey begin to use the Gregorian calendar for fiscal means? | {
"answer_start": [
450
],
"text": [
"1 March 1917"
]
} |
570b1e506b8089140040f736 | Gregorian_calendar | Prior to 1917, Turkey used the lunar Islamic calendar with the Hegira era for general purposes and the Julian calendar for fiscal purposes. The start of the fiscal year was eventually fixed at 1 March and the year number was roughly equivalent to the Hegira year (see Rumi calendar). As the solar year is longer than the... | When did Turkey start using the Gregorian calendar for all purposes? | {
"answer_start": [
520
],
"text": [
"1 January 1926"
]
} |
570b20556b8089140040f758 | Gregorian_calendar | Up to February 28 in the calendar you are converting from add one day less or subtract one day more than the calculated value. Remember to give February the appropriate number of days for the calendar you are converting into. When you are subtracting days to move from Julian to Gregorian be careful, when calculating th... | How many days do you subtract to convert days from a calendar? | {
"answer_start": [
78
],
"text": [
"subtract one day"
]
} |
570b20556b8089140040f759 | Gregorian_calendar | Up to February 28 in the calendar you are converting from add one day less or subtract one day more than the calculated value. Remember to give February the appropriate number of days for the calendar you are converting into. When you are subtracting days to move from Julian to Gregorian be careful, when calculating th... | What does one need to remember about the date of February 29 in the Julian calendar? | {
"answer_start": [
385
],
"text": [
"February 29 is discounted"
]
} |
570b20556b8089140040f75a | Gregorian_calendar | Up to February 28 in the calendar you are converting from add one day less or subtract one day more than the calculated value. Remember to give February the appropriate number of days for the calendar you are converting into. When you are subtracting days to move from Julian to Gregorian be careful, when calculating th... | If you need a date of four days less, what do you subtract from the Julian calendar? | {
"answer_start": [
444
],
"text": [
"-4"
]
} |
570b2260ec8fbc190045b854 | Gregorian_calendar | In addition to the change in the mean length of the calendar year from 365.25 days (365 days 6 hours) to 365.2425 days (365 days 5 hours 49 minutes 12 seconds), a reduction of 10 minutes 48 seconds per year, the Gregorian calendar reform also dealt with the accumulated difference between these lengths. The canonical Ea... | What is the difference in time between the calendars? | {
"answer_start": [
176
],
"text": [
"10 minutes 48 seconds"
]
} |
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