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570b1cf5ec8fbc190045b831
Videoconferencing
The core technology used in a videoconferencing system is digital compression of audio and video streams in real time. The hardware or software that performs compression is called a codec (coder/decoder). Compression rates of up to 1:500 can be achieved. The resulting digital stream of 1s and 0s is subdivided into labe...
How high can compression rates go?
{ "answer_start": [ 232 ], "text": [ "1:500" ] }
570b1cf5ec8fbc190045b832
Videoconferencing
The core technology used in a videoconferencing system is digital compression of audio and video streams in real time. The hardware or software that performs compression is called a codec (coder/decoder). Compression rates of up to 1:500 can be achieved. The resulting digital stream of 1s and 0s is subdivided into labe...
What is one digital network through which a digital stream can be transmitted?
{ "answer_start": [ 416 ], "text": [ "IP" ] }
570b1cf5ec8fbc190045b833
Videoconferencing
The core technology used in a videoconferencing system is digital compression of audio and video streams in real time. The hardware or software that performs compression is called a codec (coder/decoder). Compression rates of up to 1:500 can be achieved. The resulting digital stream of 1s and 0s is subdivided into labe...
What does POTS stand for?
{ "answer_start": [ 504 ], "text": [ "Plain Old Telephone System" ] }
570b1cf5ec8fbc190045b834
Videoconferencing
The core technology used in a videoconferencing system is digital compression of audio and video streams in real time. The hardware or software that performs compression is called a codec (coder/decoder). Compression rates of up to 1:500 can be achieved. The resulting digital stream of 1s and 0s is subdivided into labe...
What do POTS do?
{ "answer_start": [ 601 ], "text": [ "convert the digital pulses to/from analog waves" ] }
570b1e4aec8fbc190045b83a
Videoconferencing
Typical use of the various technologies described above include calling or conferencing on a one-on-one, one-to-many or many-to-many basis for personal, business, educational, deaf Video Relay Service and tele-medical, diagnostic and rehabilitative use or services. New services utilizing videocalling and videoconferenc...
What is a common use of conferencing technology?
{ "answer_start": [ 176 ], "text": [ "deaf Video Relay Service" ] }
570b1e4aec8fbc190045b83b
Videoconferencing
Typical use of the various technologies described above include calling or conferencing on a one-on-one, one-to-many or many-to-many basis for personal, business, educational, deaf Video Relay Service and tele-medical, diagnostic and rehabilitative use or services. New services utilizing videocalling and videoconferenc...
What profession utilizes videoconferencing technology to conduct online sessions?
{ "answer_start": [ 333 ], "text": [ "teachers" ] }
570b1e4aec8fbc190045b83c
Videoconferencing
Typical use of the various technologies described above include calling or conferencing on a one-on-one, one-to-many or many-to-many basis for personal, business, educational, deaf Video Relay Service and tele-medical, diagnostic and rehabilitative use or services. New services utilizing videocalling and videoconferenc...
What is one way that videocalling can be used?
{ "answer_start": [ 388 ], "text": [ "personal videocalls to inmates" ] }
570b1e4aec8fbc190045b83d
Videoconferencing
Typical use of the various technologies described above include calling or conferencing on a one-on-one, one-to-many or many-to-many basis for personal, business, educational, deaf Video Relay Service and tele-medical, diagnostic and rehabilitative use or services. New services utilizing videocalling and videoconferenc...
What is a common use of conferencing technology?
{ "answer_start": [ 205 ], "text": [ "tele-medical" ] }
570b1f6b6b8089140040f746
Videoconferencing
Videoconferencing is a highly useful technology for real-time telemedicine and telenursing applications, such as diagnosis, consulting, transmission of medical images, etc... With videoconferencing, patients may contact nurses and physicians in emergency or routine situations; physicians and other paramedical professio...
What is one way that videoconferencing is useful?
{ "answer_start": [ 52 ], "text": [ "real-time telemedicine" ] }
570b1f6b6b8089140040f747
Videoconferencing
Videoconferencing is a highly useful technology for real-time telemedicine and telenursing applications, such as diagnosis, consulting, transmission of medical images, etc... With videoconferencing, patients may contact nurses and physicians in emergency or routine situations; physicians and other paramedical professio...
What areas benefit especially from videoconferencing?
{ "answer_start": [ 367 ], "text": [ "Rural" ] }
570b1f6b6b8089140040f748
Videoconferencing
Videoconferencing is a highly useful technology for real-time telemedicine and telenursing applications, such as diagnosis, consulting, transmission of medical images, etc... With videoconferencing, patients may contact nurses and physicians in emergency or routine situations; physicians and other paramedical professio...
In what US state did a rural area use videoconferencing to help reduce the number of transfers of sick infants to hospitals?
{ "answer_start": [ 537 ], "text": [ "Ohio" ] }
570b1f6b6b8089140040f749
Videoconferencing
Videoconferencing is a highly useful technology for real-time telemedicine and telenursing applications, such as diagnosis, consulting, transmission of medical images, etc... With videoconferencing, patients may contact nurses and physicians in emergency or routine situations; physicians and other paramedical professio...
How far away was the hospital from this rural area?
{ "answer_start": [ 655 ], "text": [ "70 miles" ] }
570b1f6b6b8089140040f74a
Videoconferencing
Videoconferencing is a highly useful technology for real-time telemedicine and telenursing applications, such as diagnosis, consulting, transmission of medical images, etc... With videoconferencing, patients may contact nurses and physicians in emergency or routine situations; physicians and other paramedical professio...
How much money did videoconferencing help this rural area save?
{ "answer_start": [ 711 ], "text": [ "$10,000 per transfer" ] }
570b2117ec8fbc190045b842
Videoconferencing
VRS services have become well developed nationally in Sweden since 1997 and also in the United States since the first decade of the 2000s. With the exception of Sweden, VRS has been provided in Europe for only a few years since the mid-2000s, and as of 2010 has not been made available in many European Union countries, ...
In what European country has VRS services become well developed?
{ "answer_start": [ 54 ], "text": [ "Sweden" ] }
570b2117ec8fbc190045b843
Videoconferencing
VRS services have become well developed nationally in Sweden since 1997 and also in the United States since the first decade of the 2000s. With the exception of Sweden, VRS has been provided in Europe for only a few years since the mid-2000s, and as of 2010 has not been made available in many European Union countries, ...
What is one of the reasons why VRS services are not in most European countries?
{ "answer_start": [ 386 ], "text": [ "financing" ] }
570b2117ec8fbc190045b844
Videoconferencing
VRS services have become well developed nationally in Sweden since 1997 and also in the United States since the first decade of the 2000s. With the exception of Sweden, VRS has been provided in Europe for only a few years since the mid-2000s, and as of 2010 has not been made available in many European Union countries, ...
What European country is a leader in providing VRS services to its citizens?
{ "answer_start": [ 498 ], "text": [ "Germany" ] }
570b2117ec8fbc190045b845
Videoconferencing
VRS services have become well developed nationally in Sweden since 1997 and also in the United States since the first decade of the 2000s. With the exception of Sweden, VRS has been provided in Europe for only a few years since the mid-2000s, and as of 2010 has not been made available in many European Union countries, ...
What country is a world leader in providing VRS services?
{ "answer_start": [ 580 ], "text": [ "United States" ] }
570b221b6b8089140040f768
Videoconferencing
In May 2005, the first high definition video conferencing systems, produced by LifeSize Communications, were displayed at the Interop trade show in Las Vegas, Nevada, able to provide video at 30 frames per second with a 1280 by 720 display resolution. Polycom introduced its first high definition video conferencing syst...
What year was the first HD video conferencing system displayed?
{ "answer_start": [ 7 ], "text": [ "2005" ] }
570b221b6b8089140040f769
Videoconferencing
In May 2005, the first high definition video conferencing systems, produced by LifeSize Communications, were displayed at the Interop trade show in Las Vegas, Nevada, able to provide video at 30 frames per second with a 1280 by 720 display resolution. Polycom introduced its first high definition video conferencing syst...
Who produced the first high definition video conferencing system?
{ "answer_start": [ 79 ], "text": [ "LifeSize Communications" ] }
570b221b6b8089140040f76a
Videoconferencing
In May 2005, the first high definition video conferencing systems, produced by LifeSize Communications, were displayed at the Interop trade show in Las Vegas, Nevada, able to provide video at 30 frames per second with a 1280 by 720 display resolution. Polycom introduced its first high definition video conferencing syst...
Where was the first HD video conferencing system displayed?
{ "answer_start": [ 148 ], "text": [ "Las Vegas, Nevada" ] }
570b221b6b8089140040f76b
Videoconferencing
In May 2005, the first high definition video conferencing systems, produced by LifeSize Communications, were displayed at the Interop trade show in Las Vegas, Nevada, able to provide video at 30 frames per second with a 1280 by 720 display resolution. Polycom introduced its first high definition video conferencing syst...
What company introduced the first HD video conferencing system to the general market?
{ "answer_start": [ 252 ], "text": [ "Polycom" ] }
570b221b6b8089140040f76c
Videoconferencing
In May 2005, the first high definition video conferencing systems, produced by LifeSize Communications, were displayed at the Interop trade show in Las Vegas, Nevada, able to provide video at 30 frames per second with a 1280 by 720 display resolution. Polycom introduced its first high definition video conferencing syst...
What was the resolution of the first HD video conferencing system?
{ "answer_start": [ 220 ], "text": [ "1280 by 720" ] }
570b24776b8089140040f786
Videoconferencing
Some systems are capable of multipoint conferencing with no MCU, stand-alone, embedded or otherwise. These use a standards-based H.323 technique known as "decentralized multipoint", where each station in a multipoint call exchanges video and audio directly with the other stations with no central "manager" or other bott...
What do systems with no MCU use in order to perform multipoint conferencing?
{ "answer_start": [ 111 ], "text": [ "a standards-based H.323 technique" ] }
570b24776b8089140040f787
Videoconferencing
Some systems are capable of multipoint conferencing with no MCU, stand-alone, embedded or otherwise. These use a standards-based H.323 technique known as "decentralized multipoint", where each station in a multipoint call exchanges video and audio directly with the other stations with no central "manager" or other bott...
What is one advantage of using an H.323 technique?
{ "answer_start": [ 411 ], "text": [ "higher quality" ] }
570b24776b8089140040f788
Videoconferencing
Some systems are capable of multipoint conferencing with no MCU, stand-alone, embedded or otherwise. These use a standards-based H.323 technique known as "decentralized multipoint", where each station in a multipoint call exchanges video and audio directly with the other stations with no central "manager" or other bott...
What is one disadvantage of using the H.323 technique?
{ "answer_start": [ 661 ], "text": [ "increased network bandwidth" ] }
570b24776b8089140040f789
Videoconferencing
Some systems are capable of multipoint conferencing with no MCU, stand-alone, embedded or otherwise. These use a standards-based H.323 technique known as "decentralized multipoint", where each station in a multipoint call exchanges video and audio directly with the other stations with no central "manager" or other bott...
What is the H.323 technique also known as?
{ "answer_start": [ 155 ], "text": [ "decentralized multipoint" ] }
570b24776b8089140040f78a
Videoconferencing
Some systems are capable of multipoint conferencing with no MCU, stand-alone, embedded or otherwise. These use a standards-based H.323 technique known as "decentralized multipoint", where each station in a multipoint call exchanges video and audio directly with the other stations with no central "manager" or other bott...
Why is the video and audio of the H.323 technique higher quality?
{ "answer_start": [ 434 ], "text": [ "they don't have to be relayed through a central point" ] }
570b25ecec8fbc190045b87c
Videoconferencing
The U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA), which oversees the world's largest administrative judicial system under its Office of Disability Adjudication and Review (ODAR), has made extensive use of videoconferencing to conduct hearings at remote locations. In Fiscal Year (FY) 2009, the U.S. Social Security Administ...
Who has the world's largest administrative judicial system?
{ "answer_start": [ 4 ], "text": [ "U.S." ] }
570b25ecec8fbc190045b87d
Videoconferencing
The U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA), which oversees the world's largest administrative judicial system under its Office of Disability Adjudication and Review (ODAR), has made extensive use of videoconferencing to conduct hearings at remote locations. In Fiscal Year (FY) 2009, the U.S. Social Security Administ...
What US Department oversees the World's largest administrative judicial system?
{ "answer_start": [ 9 ], "text": [ "Social Security Administration (SSA)" ] }
570b25ecec8fbc190045b87e
Videoconferencing
The U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA), which oversees the world's largest administrative judicial system under its Office of Disability Adjudication and Review (ODAR), has made extensive use of videoconferencing to conduct hearings at remote locations. In Fiscal Year (FY) 2009, the U.S. Social Security Administ...
In what year did the SSA see a 55% increase in videoconferenced hearings?
{ "answer_start": [ 281 ], "text": [ "2009" ] }
570b25ecec8fbc190045b87f
Videoconferencing
The U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA), which oversees the world's largest administrative judicial system under its Office of Disability Adjudication and Review (ODAR), has made extensive use of videoconferencing to conduct hearings at remote locations. In Fiscal Year (FY) 2009, the U.S. Social Security Administ...
When did the SSA open its largest videoconferencing-only center?
{ "answer_start": [ 409 ], "text": [ "August 2010" ] }
570b25ecec8fbc190045b880
Videoconferencing
The U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA), which oversees the world's largest administrative judicial system under its Office of Disability Adjudication and Review (ODAR), has made extensive use of videoconferencing to conduct hearings at remote locations. In Fiscal Year (FY) 2009, the U.S. Social Security Administ...
Where is the SSA's fifth videoconferencing only center located?
{ "answer_start": [ 516 ], "text": [ "St. Louis, Missouri" ] }
570af6316b8089140040f63a
Gregorian_calendar
To unambiguously specify the date, dual dating or Old Style (O.S.) and New Style (N.S.) are sometimes used with dates. Dual dating uses two consecutive years because of differences in the starting date of the year, or includes both the Julian and Gregorian dates. Old Style and New Style (N.S.) indicate either whether t...
What does duel dating use to show the date?
{ "answer_start": [ 136 ], "text": [ "two consecutive years" ] }
570af6316b8089140040f63b
Gregorian_calendar
To unambiguously specify the date, dual dating or Old Style (O.S.) and New Style (N.S.) are sometimes used with dates. Dual dating uses two consecutive years because of differences in the starting date of the year, or includes both the Julian and Gregorian dates. Old Style and New Style (N.S.) indicate either whether t...
What is the Old Style date mean?
{ "answer_start": [ 509 ], "text": [ "Julian calendar" ] }
570af6316b8089140040f63c
Gregorian_calendar
To unambiguously specify the date, dual dating or Old Style (O.S.) and New Style (N.S.) are sometimes used with dates. Dual dating uses two consecutive years because of differences in the starting date of the year, or includes both the Julian and Gregorian dates. Old Style and New Style (N.S.) indicate either whether t...
What is N.S. stand for?
{ "answer_start": [ 71 ], "text": [ "New Style" ] }
570af6316b8089140040f63d
Gregorian_calendar
To unambiguously specify the date, dual dating or Old Style (O.S.) and New Style (N.S.) are sometimes used with dates. Dual dating uses two consecutive years because of differences in the starting date of the year, or includes both the Julian and Gregorian dates. Old Style and New Style (N.S.) indicate either whether t...
What are New Style dates?
{ "answer_start": [ 548 ], "text": [ "Gregorian" ] }
570af6316b8089140040f63e
Gregorian_calendar
To unambiguously specify the date, dual dating or Old Style (O.S.) and New Style (N.S.) are sometimes used with dates. Dual dating uses two consecutive years because of differences in the starting date of the year, or includes both the Julian and Gregorian dates. Old Style and New Style (N.S.) indicate either whether t...
Why use two consecutive year dates?
{ "answer_start": [ 188 ], "text": [ "starting date of the year" ] }
570af7f4ec8fbc190045b792
Gregorian_calendar
The Gregorian calendar was a reform of the Julian calendar instituted in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom the calendar was named, by papal bull Inter gravissimas dated 24 February 1582. The motivation for the adjustment was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of year in which it was celebra...
Who revised the Julian calendar?
{ "answer_start": [ 81 ], "text": [ "Pope Gregory XIII" ] }
570af7f4ec8fbc190045b793
Gregorian_calendar
The Gregorian calendar was a reform of the Julian calendar instituted in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom the calendar was named, by papal bull Inter gravissimas dated 24 February 1582. The motivation for the adjustment was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of year in which it was celebra...
When was the Gregorian Calendar introduced?
{ "answer_start": [ 73 ], "text": [ "1582" ] }
570af7f4ec8fbc190045b794
Gregorian_calendar
The Gregorian calendar was a reform of the Julian calendar instituted in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom the calendar was named, by papal bull Inter gravissimas dated 24 February 1582. The motivation for the adjustment was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of year in which it was celebra...
What calendar was used in the reform to create the Gregorian calendar?
{ "answer_start": [ 43 ], "text": [ "Julian calendar" ] }
570af7f4ec8fbc190045b795
Gregorian_calendar
The Gregorian calendar was a reform of the Julian calendar instituted in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom the calendar was named, by papal bull Inter gravissimas dated 24 February 1582. The motivation for the adjustment was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of year in which it was celebra...
What holiday was the inducement to revise the Julian calendar?
{ "answer_start": [ 270 ], "text": [ "Easter" ] }
570af7f4ec8fbc190045b796
Gregorian_calendar
The Gregorian calendar was a reform of the Julian calendar instituted in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom the calendar was named, by papal bull Inter gravissimas dated 24 February 1582. The motivation for the adjustment was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of year in which it was celebra...
When did the First Council of Nicaea rule that Easter be celebrated by all Christians?
{ "answer_start": [ 486 ], "text": [ "on the same day" ] }
570af9f26b8089140040f662
Gregorian_calendar
Philip II of Spain decreed the change from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar, which affected much of Roman Catholic Europe, as Philip was at the time ruler over Spain and Portugal as well as much of Italy. In these territories, as well as in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (ruled by Anna Jagiellon) and in the Pap...
What ruler decreed the change to the Gregorian calendar?
{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "Philip II of Spain" ] }
570af9f26b8089140040f663
Gregorian_calendar
Philip II of Spain decreed the change from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar, which affected much of Roman Catholic Europe, as Philip was at the time ruler over Spain and Portugal as well as much of Italy. In these territories, as well as in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (ruled by Anna Jagiellon) and in the Pap...
Besides part of Italy, over what areas did Phillip rule?
{ "answer_start": [ 164 ], "text": [ "Spain and Portugal" ] }
570af9f26b8089140040f664
Gregorian_calendar
Philip II of Spain decreed the change from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar, which affected much of Roman Catholic Europe, as Philip was at the time ruler over Spain and Portugal as well as much of Italy. In these territories, as well as in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (ruled by Anna Jagiellon) and in the Pap...
What was the first day selected to be the first day using the new calendar?
{ "answer_start": [ 465 ], "text": [ "Friday, 15 October 1582" ] }
570af9f26b8089140040f665
Gregorian_calendar
Philip II of Spain decreed the change from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar, which affected much of Roman Catholic Europe, as Philip was at the time ruler over Spain and Portugal as well as much of Italy. In these territories, as well as in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (ruled by Anna Jagiellon) and in the Pap...
What was the last day the Julian calendar was used?
{ "answer_start": [ 411 ], "text": [ "Thursday, 4 October 1582" ] }
570af9f26b8089140040f666
Gregorian_calendar
Philip II of Spain decreed the change from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar, which affected much of Roman Catholic Europe, as Philip was at the time ruler over Spain and Portugal as well as much of Italy. In these territories, as well as in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (ruled by Anna Jagiellon) and in the Pap...
Why did the Spanish colonies lag behind in adopting the calendar?
{ "answer_start": [ 570 ], "text": [ "delay in communication" ] }
570afbdf6b8089140040f676
Gregorian_calendar
During the period between 1582, when the first countries adopted the Gregorian calendar, and 1923, when the last European country adopted it, it was often necessary to indicate the date of some event in both the Julian calendar and in the Gregorian calendar, for example, "10/21 February 1750/51", where the dual year ac...
When did the last country to adopt the Gregorian calendar start using it?
{ "answer_start": [ 93 ], "text": [ "1923" ] }
570afbdf6b8089140040f677
Gregorian_calendar
During the period between 1582, when the first countries adopted the Gregorian calendar, and 1923, when the last European country adopted it, it was often necessary to indicate the date of some event in both the Julian calendar and in the Gregorian calendar, for example, "10/21 February 1750/51", where the dual year ac...
At what date did the first country start using the new calendar?
{ "answer_start": [ 26 ], "text": [ "1582" ] }
570afbdf6b8089140040f678
Gregorian_calendar
During the period between 1582, when the first countries adopted the Gregorian calendar, and 1923, when the last European country adopted it, it was often necessary to indicate the date of some event in both the Julian calendar and in the Gregorian calendar, for example, "10/21 February 1750/51", where the dual year ac...
How which calendar did some countries notate the date?
{ "answer_start": [ 200 ], "text": [ "in both" ] }
570afbdf6b8089140040f679
Gregorian_calendar
During the period between 1582, when the first countries adopted the Gregorian calendar, and 1923, when the last European country adopted it, it was often necessary to indicate the date of some event in both the Julian calendar and in the Gregorian calendar, for example, "10/21 February 1750/51", where the dual year ac...
Who said that English writers usually used both dates on writings?
{ "answer_start": [ 574 ], "text": [ "Woolley" ] }
570afbdf6b8089140040f67a
Gregorian_calendar
During the period between 1582, when the first countries adopted the Gregorian calendar, and 1923, when the last European country adopted it, it was often necessary to indicate the date of some event in both the Julian calendar and in the Gregorian calendar, for example, "10/21 February 1750/51", where the dual year ac...
What difference in dating caused the use of double-dating documents?
{ "answer_start": [ 519 ], "text": [ "different beginnings of the year" ] }
570afd13ec8fbc190045b7a6
Gregorian_calendar
The calendar was a refinement to the Julian calendar amounting to a 0.002% correction in the length of the year. The motivation for the reform was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of the year in which it was celebrated when it was introduced by the early Church. Because the celebration of Eas...
What was the percentsge of correction from the Julian calendar to the new Gregorian calendar?
{ "answer_start": [ 68 ], "text": [ "0.002%" ] }
570afd13ec8fbc190045b7a7
Gregorian_calendar
The calendar was a refinement to the Julian calendar amounting to a 0.002% correction in the length of the year. The motivation for the reform was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of the year in which it was celebrated when it was introduced by the early Church. Because the celebration of Eas...
What was the correction due to?
{ "answer_start": [ 93 ], "text": [ "length of the year" ] }
570afd13ec8fbc190045b7a8
Gregorian_calendar
The calendar was a refinement to the Julian calendar amounting to a 0.002% correction in the length of the year. The motivation for the reform was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of the year in which it was celebrated when it was introduced by the early Church. Because the celebration of Eas...
What change in date motivated the change in calendars?
{ "answer_start": [ 173 ], "text": [ "celebration of Easter" ] }
570afd13ec8fbc190045b7a9
Gregorian_calendar
The calendar was a refinement to the Julian calendar amounting to a 0.002% correction in the length of the year. The motivation for the reform was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of the year in which it was celebrated when it was introduced by the early Church. Because the celebration of Eas...
To what astrological date was Easter tied?
{ "answer_start": [ 340 ], "text": [ "spring equinox" ] }
570afd13ec8fbc190045b7aa
Gregorian_calendar
The calendar was a refinement to the Julian calendar amounting to a 0.002% correction in the length of the year. The motivation for the reform was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of the year in which it was celebrated when it was introduced by the early Church. Because the celebration of Eas...
What was wrong in the Julian calendar?
{ "answer_start": [ 457 ], "text": [ "slightly too long" ] }
570afefeec8fbc190045b7ba
Gregorian_calendar
The Gregorian calendar is a solar calendar. A regular Gregorian year consists of 365 days, but as in the Julian calendar, in a leap year, a leap day is added to February. In the Julian calendar a leap year occurs every 4 years, but the Gregorian calendar omits 3 leap days every 400 years. In the Julian calendar, this l...
What kind of calendar is the Gregorian calendar?
{ "answer_start": [ 28 ], "text": [ "solar" ] }
570afefeec8fbc190045b7bb
Gregorian_calendar
The Gregorian calendar is a solar calendar. A regular Gregorian year consists of 365 days, but as in the Julian calendar, in a leap year, a leap day is added to February. In the Julian calendar a leap year occurs every 4 years, but the Gregorian calendar omits 3 leap days every 400 years. In the Julian calendar, this l...
How many days are in the Gregorian calendar?
{ "answer_start": [ 81 ], "text": [ "365" ] }
570afefeec8fbc190045b7bc
Gregorian_calendar
The Gregorian calendar is a solar calendar. A regular Gregorian year consists of 365 days, but as in the Julian calendar, in a leap year, a leap day is added to February. In the Julian calendar a leap year occurs every 4 years, but the Gregorian calendar omits 3 leap days every 400 years. In the Julian calendar, this l...
How often is a leap day added to the Julian calendar year?
{ "answer_start": [ 213 ], "text": [ "every 4 years" ] }
570afefeec8fbc190045b7bd
Gregorian_calendar
The Gregorian calendar is a solar calendar. A regular Gregorian year consists of 365 days, but as in the Julian calendar, in a leap year, a leap day is added to February. In the Julian calendar a leap year occurs every 4 years, but the Gregorian calendar omits 3 leap days every 400 years. In the Julian calendar, this l...
When does the Gregorian calendar omit 3 leap days?
{ "answer_start": [ 273 ], "text": [ "every 400 years" ] }
570afefeec8fbc190045b7be
Gregorian_calendar
The Gregorian calendar is a solar calendar. A regular Gregorian year consists of 365 days, but as in the Julian calendar, in a leap year, a leap day is added to February. In the Julian calendar a leap year occurs every 4 years, but the Gregorian calendar omits 3 leap days every 400 years. In the Julian calendar, this l...
On what day did both the Julian and Gregorian calendars add leap day?
{ "answer_start": [ 353 ], "text": [ "24 February" ] }
570b01c36b8089140040f6b2
Gregorian_calendar
Easter was the Sunday after the 15th day of this moon, whose 14th day was allowed to precede the equinox. Where the two systems produced different dates there was generally a compromise so that both churches were able to celebrate on the same day. By the 10th century all churches (except some on the eastern border of t...
When was Easter Sunday celebrated after the equinox?
{ "answer_start": [ 32 ], "text": [ "15th day" ] }
570b01c36b8089140040f6b3
Gregorian_calendar
Easter was the Sunday after the 15th day of this moon, whose 14th day was allowed to precede the equinox. Where the two systems produced different dates there was generally a compromise so that both churches were able to celebrate on the same day. By the 10th century all churches (except some on the eastern border of t...
What did churches do to settle the date if there was a difference?
{ "answer_start": [ 175 ], "text": [ "compromise" ] }
570b01c36b8089140040f6b4
Gregorian_calendar
Easter was the Sunday after the 15th day of this moon, whose 14th day was allowed to precede the equinox. Where the two systems produced different dates there was generally a compromise so that both churches were able to celebrate on the same day. By the 10th century all churches (except some on the eastern border of t...
By what century had almost all churches begun celebrating Easter according to the Alexandrian Easter?
{ "answer_start": [ 255 ], "text": [ "10th century" ] }
570b01c36b8089140040f6b5
Gregorian_calendar
Easter was the Sunday after the 15th day of this moon, whose 14th day was allowed to precede the equinox. Where the two systems produced different dates there was generally a compromise so that both churches were able to celebrate on the same day. By the 10th century all churches (except some on the eastern border of t...
On what border of the Byzantine Empire were the last holdouts for celebrating according the Alexandrian Easter?
{ "answer_start": [ 301 ], "text": [ "eastern border" ] }
570b01c36b8089140040f6b6
Gregorian_calendar
Easter was the Sunday after the 15th day of this moon, whose 14th day was allowed to precede the equinox. Where the two systems produced different dates there was generally a compromise so that both churches were able to celebrate on the same day. By the 10th century all churches (except some on the eastern border of t...
What date placement drifted increasingly off the true date on the calendar?
{ "answer_start": [ 400 ], "text": [ "vernal equinox" ] }
570b03a2ec8fbc190045b7d8
Gregorian_calendar
Lilius's proposals had two components. Firstly, he proposed a correction to the length of the year. The mean tropical year is 365.24219 days long. As the average length of a Julian year is 365.25 days, the Julian year is almost 11 minutes longer than the mean tropical year. The discrepancy results in a drift of about t...
What did Lilius first propose to correct in the calendar?
{ "answer_start": [ 80 ], "text": [ "length of the year" ] }
570b03a2ec8fbc190045b7d9
Gregorian_calendar
Lilius's proposals had two components. Firstly, he proposed a correction to the length of the year. The mean tropical year is 365.24219 days long. As the average length of a Julian year is 365.25 days, the Julian year is almost 11 minutes longer than the mean tropical year. The discrepancy results in a drift of about t...
By how much is the Julian calendar too long?
{ "answer_start": [ 228 ], "text": [ "11 minutes" ] }
570b03a2ec8fbc190045b7da
Gregorian_calendar
Lilius's proposals had two components. Firstly, he proposed a correction to the length of the year. The mean tropical year is 365.24219 days long. As the average length of a Julian year is 365.25 days, the Julian year is almost 11 minutes longer than the mean tropical year. The discrepancy results in a drift of about t...
How much difference does the extra 11 minutes make over 400 years time?
{ "answer_start": [ 319 ], "text": [ "three days" ] }
570b03a2ec8fbc190045b7db
Gregorian_calendar
Lilius's proposals had two components. Firstly, he proposed a correction to the length of the year. The mean tropical year is 365.24219 days long. As the average length of a Julian year is 365.25 days, the Julian year is almost 11 minutes longer than the mean tropical year. The discrepancy results in a drift of about t...
On what date was the original vernal equinox set?
{ "answer_start": [ 633 ], "text": [ "21 March" ] }
570b03a2ec8fbc190045b7dc
Gregorian_calendar
Lilius's proposals had two components. Firstly, he proposed a correction to the length of the year. The mean tropical year is 365.24219 days long. As the average length of a Julian year is 365.25 days, the Julian year is almost 11 minutes longer than the mean tropical year. The discrepancy results in a drift of about t...
By the time of Lilius where was the equinox falling?
{ "answer_start": [ 572 ], "text": [ "10 or 11 March" ] }
570b057a6b8089140040f6ec
Gregorian_calendar
Most Western European countries changed the start of the year to 1 January before they adopted the Gregorian calendar. For example, Scotland changed the start of the Scottish New Year to 1 January in 1600 (this means that 1599 was a short year). England, Ireland and the British colonies changed the start of the year to...
On what date did most European countries set the start of the new year?
{ "answer_start": [ 65 ], "text": [ "1 January" ] }
570b057a6b8089140040f6ed
Gregorian_calendar
Most Western European countries changed the start of the year to 1 January before they adopted the Gregorian calendar. For example, Scotland changed the start of the Scottish New Year to 1 January in 1600 (this means that 1599 was a short year). England, Ireland and the British colonies changed the start of the year to...
When did Scotland begin to use January 1 as the start of the new year?
{ "answer_start": [ 200 ], "text": [ "1600" ] }
570b057a6b8089140040f6ee
Gregorian_calendar
Most Western European countries changed the start of the year to 1 January before they adopted the Gregorian calendar. For example, Scotland changed the start of the Scottish New Year to 1 January in 1600 (this means that 1599 was a short year). England, Ireland and the British colonies changed the start of the year to...
When did the other British states and colonies set the year start date to January 1?
{ "answer_start": [ 334 ], "text": [ "1752" ] }
570b057a6b8089140040f6ef
Gregorian_calendar
Most Western European countries changed the start of the year to 1 January before they adopted the Gregorian calendar. For example, Scotland changed the start of the Scottish New Year to 1 January in 1600 (this means that 1599 was a short year). England, Ireland and the British colonies changed the start of the year to...
What act did Britain use to implement the use of the Gregorian calendar?
{ "answer_start": [ 689 ], "text": [ "Calendar (New Style) Act 1750" ] }
570b057a6b8089140040f6f0
Gregorian_calendar
Most Western European countries changed the start of the year to 1 January before they adopted the Gregorian calendar. For example, Scotland changed the start of the Scottish New Year to 1 January in 1600 (this means that 1599 was a short year). England, Ireland and the British colonies changed the start of the year to...
When did England finally change the tax year to 6 April?
{ "answer_start": [ 478 ], "text": [ "1800" ] }
570b07e16b8089140040f6f6
Gregorian_calendar
Extending the Gregorian calendar backwards to dates preceding its official introduction produces a proleptic calendar, which should be used with some caution. For ordinary purposes, the dates of events occurring prior to 15 October 1582 are generally shown as they appeared in the Julian calendar, with the year starting...
Attempting to use Gregorian dates for earlier events on the Julian calendar should be used with what action?
{ "answer_start": [ 150 ], "text": [ "caution" ] }
570b07e16b8089140040f6f8
Gregorian_calendar
Extending the Gregorian calendar backwards to dates preceding its official introduction produces a proleptic calendar, which should be used with some caution. For ordinary purposes, the dates of events occurring prior to 15 October 1582 are generally shown as they appeared in the Julian calendar, with the year starting...
When was the Battle of Agincourt?
{ "answer_start": [ 471 ], "text": [ "25 October 1415" ] }
570b07e16b8089140040f6f7
Gregorian_calendar
Extending the Gregorian calendar backwards to dates preceding its official introduction produces a proleptic calendar, which should be used with some caution. For ordinary purposes, the dates of events occurring prior to 15 October 1582 are generally shown as they appeared in the Julian calendar, with the year starting...
When are events usually shown as they appeared on the Julian calendar?
{ "answer_start": [ 212 ], "text": [ "prior to 15 October 1582" ] }
570b07e16b8089140040f6f9
Gregorian_calendar
Extending the Gregorian calendar backwards to dates preceding its official introduction produces a proleptic calendar, which should be used with some caution. For ordinary purposes, the dates of events occurring prior to 15 October 1582 are generally shown as they appeared in the Julian calendar, with the year starting...
What other date is 25 October known for, that keeps the Battle of Agincourt on 25 October,1415?
{ "answer_start": [ 496 ], "text": [ "Saint Crispin's Day" ] }
570b07e16b8089140040f6fa
Gregorian_calendar
Extending the Gregorian calendar backwards to dates preceding its official introduction produces a proleptic calendar, which should be used with some caution. For ordinary purposes, the dates of events occurring prior to 15 October 1582 are generally shown as they appeared in the Julian calendar, with the year starting...
In the Julian calendar when is the start of the new year?
{ "answer_start": [ 324 ], "text": [ "1 January" ] }
570b0c33ec8fbc190045b80a
Gregorian_calendar
A language-independent alternative used in many countries is to hold up one's two fists with the index knuckle of the left hand against the index knuckle of the right hand. Then, starting with January from the little knuckle of the left hand, count knuckle, space, knuckle, space through the months. A knuckle represents...
Why would a knuckle -space count be used to determine months?
{ "answer_start": [ 2 ], "text": [ "language-independent" ] }
570b0c33ec8fbc190045b80b
Gregorian_calendar
A language-independent alternative used in many countries is to hold up one's two fists with the index knuckle of the left hand against the index knuckle of the right hand. Then, starting with January from the little knuckle of the left hand, count knuckle, space, knuckle, space through the months. A knuckle represents...
A knuckle count is a month of how many days?
{ "answer_start": [ 332 ], "text": [ "31" ] }
570b0c33ec8fbc190045b80c
Gregorian_calendar
A language-independent alternative used in many countries is to hold up one's two fists with the index knuckle of the left hand against the index knuckle of the right hand. Then, starting with January from the little knuckle of the left hand, count knuckle, space, knuckle, space through the months. A knuckle represents...
The space between knuckles is what kind of month?
{ "answer_start": [ 366 ], "text": [ "short month" ] }
570b0c33ec8fbc190045b80d
Gregorian_calendar
A language-independent alternative used in many countries is to hold up one's two fists with the index knuckle of the left hand against the index knuckle of the right hand. Then, starting with January from the little knuckle of the left hand, count knuckle, space, knuckle, space through the months. A knuckle represents...
What are held together for a knuckle-space month count?
{ "answer_start": [ 72 ], "text": [ "one's two fists" ] }
570b0e40ec8fbc190045b812
Gregorian_calendar
The Gregorian reform contained two parts: a reform of the Julian calendar as used prior to Pope Gregory XIII's time and a reform of the lunar cycle used by the Church, with the Julian calendar, to calculate the date of Easter. The reform was a modification of a proposal made by Aloysius Lilius. His proposal included re...
How many parts did the Gregorian calendar reform have?
{ "answer_start": [ 31 ], "text": [ "two parts" ] }
570b0e40ec8fbc190045b813
Gregorian_calendar
The Gregorian reform contained two parts: a reform of the Julian calendar as used prior to Pope Gregory XIII's time and a reform of the lunar cycle used by the Church, with the Julian calendar, to calculate the date of Easter. The reform was a modification of a proposal made by Aloysius Lilius. His proposal included re...
What was the first reform concerning the calendar?
{ "answer_start": [ 58 ], "text": [ "Julian calendar" ] }
570b0e40ec8fbc190045b814
Gregorian_calendar
The Gregorian reform contained two parts: a reform of the Julian calendar as used prior to Pope Gregory XIII's time and a reform of the lunar cycle used by the Church, with the Julian calendar, to calculate the date of Easter. The reform was a modification of a proposal made by Aloysius Lilius. His proposal included re...
What was the second reform of the calendar?
{ "answer_start": [ 136 ], "text": [ "lunar cycle" ] }
570b0e40ec8fbc190045b815
Gregorian_calendar
The Gregorian reform contained two parts: a reform of the Julian calendar as used prior to Pope Gregory XIII's time and a reform of the lunar cycle used by the Church, with the Julian calendar, to calculate the date of Easter. The reform was a modification of a proposal made by Aloysius Lilius. His proposal included re...
What was calculated using the lunar calendar?
{ "answer_start": [ 211 ], "text": [ "date of Easter" ] }
570b0e40ec8fbc190045b816
Gregorian_calendar
The Gregorian reform contained two parts: a reform of the Julian calendar as used prior to Pope Gregory XIII's time and a reform of the lunar cycle used by the Church, with the Julian calendar, to calculate the date of Easter. The reform was a modification of a proposal made by Aloysius Lilius. His proposal included re...
What did Lilius's calendar plan to reduce in every 400 years?
{ "answer_start": [ 331 ], "text": [ "number of leap years" ] }
570b1e506b8089140040f732
Gregorian_calendar
Prior to 1917, Turkey used the lunar Islamic calendar with the Hegira era for general purposes and the Julian calendar for fiscal purposes. The start of the fiscal year was eventually fixed at 1 March and the year number was roughly equivalent to the Hegira year (see Rumi calendar). As the solar year is longer than the...
What calendar did Turkey use before 1917 for general purposes?
{ "answer_start": [ 31 ], "text": [ "lunar Islamic" ] }
570b1e506b8089140040f733
Gregorian_calendar
Prior to 1917, Turkey used the lunar Islamic calendar with the Hegira era for general purposes and the Julian calendar for fiscal purposes. The start of the fiscal year was eventually fixed at 1 March and the year number was roughly equivalent to the Hegira year (see Rumi calendar). As the solar year is longer than the...
What calendar did Turkey utilize for fiscal purposes?
{ "answer_start": [ 103 ], "text": [ "Julian" ] }
570b1e506b8089140040f734
Gregorian_calendar
Prior to 1917, Turkey used the lunar Islamic calendar with the Hegira era for general purposes and the Julian calendar for fiscal purposes. The start of the fiscal year was eventually fixed at 1 March and the year number was roughly equivalent to the Hegira year (see Rumi calendar). As the solar year is longer than the...
Where did Turkey start the fiscal year?
{ "answer_start": [ 193 ], "text": [ "1 March" ] }
570b1e506b8089140040f735
Gregorian_calendar
Prior to 1917, Turkey used the lunar Islamic calendar with the Hegira era for general purposes and the Julian calendar for fiscal purposes. The start of the fiscal year was eventually fixed at 1 March and the year number was roughly equivalent to the Hegira year (see Rumi calendar). As the solar year is longer than the...
When did Turkey begin to use the Gregorian calendar for fiscal means?
{ "answer_start": [ 450 ], "text": [ "1 March 1917" ] }
570b1e506b8089140040f736
Gregorian_calendar
Prior to 1917, Turkey used the lunar Islamic calendar with the Hegira era for general purposes and the Julian calendar for fiscal purposes. The start of the fiscal year was eventually fixed at 1 March and the year number was roughly equivalent to the Hegira year (see Rumi calendar). As the solar year is longer than the...
When did Turkey start using the Gregorian calendar for all purposes?
{ "answer_start": [ 520 ], "text": [ "1 January 1926" ] }
570b20556b8089140040f758
Gregorian_calendar
Up to February 28 in the calendar you are converting from add one day less or subtract one day more than the calculated value. Remember to give February the appropriate number of days for the calendar you are converting into. When you are subtracting days to move from Julian to Gregorian be careful, when calculating th...
How many days do you subtract to convert days from a calendar?
{ "answer_start": [ 78 ], "text": [ "subtract one day" ] }
570b20556b8089140040f759
Gregorian_calendar
Up to February 28 in the calendar you are converting from add one day less or subtract one day more than the calculated value. Remember to give February the appropriate number of days for the calendar you are converting into. When you are subtracting days to move from Julian to Gregorian be careful, when calculating th...
What does one need to remember about the date of February 29 in the Julian calendar?
{ "answer_start": [ 385 ], "text": [ "February 29 is discounted" ] }
570b20556b8089140040f75a
Gregorian_calendar
Up to February 28 in the calendar you are converting from add one day less or subtract one day more than the calculated value. Remember to give February the appropriate number of days for the calendar you are converting into. When you are subtracting days to move from Julian to Gregorian be careful, when calculating th...
If you need a date of four days less, what do you subtract from the Julian calendar?
{ "answer_start": [ 444 ], "text": [ "-4" ] }
570b2260ec8fbc190045b854
Gregorian_calendar
In addition to the change in the mean length of the calendar year from 365.25 days (365 days 6 hours) to 365.2425 days (365 days 5 hours 49 minutes 12 seconds), a reduction of 10 minutes 48 seconds per year, the Gregorian calendar reform also dealt with the accumulated difference between these lengths. The canonical Ea...
What is the difference in time between the calendars?
{ "answer_start": [ 176 ], "text": [ "10 minutes 48 seconds" ] }