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570e0f250dc6ce1900204dac
Antarctica
In 2002 the Antarctic Peninsula's Larsen-B ice shelf collapsed. Between 28 February and 8 March 2008, about 570 km2 (220 sq mi) of ice from the Wilkins Ice Shelf on the southwest part of the peninsula collapsed, putting the remaining 15,000 km2 (5,800 sq mi) of the ice shelf at risk. The ice was being held back by a "t...
What Antarctic ice shelf collapsed in 2008?
{ "answer_start": [ 144 ], "text": [ "Wilkins Ice Shelf" ] }
570e0f250dc6ce1900204dae
Antarctica
In 2002 the Antarctic Peninsula's Larsen-B ice shelf collapsed. Between 28 February and 8 March 2008, about 570 km2 (220 sq mi) of ice from the Wilkins Ice Shelf on the southwest part of the peninsula collapsed, putting the remaining 15,000 km2 (5,800 sq mi) of the ice shelf at risk. The ice was being held back by a "t...
How large was the ice chunk that melted and refroze?
{ "answer_start": [ 543 ], "text": [ "California" ] }
570e0f250dc6ce1900204dad
Antarctica
In 2002 the Antarctic Peninsula's Larsen-B ice shelf collapsed. Between 28 February and 8 March 2008, about 570 km2 (220 sq mi) of ice from the Wilkins Ice Shelf on the southwest part of the peninsula collapsed, putting the remaining 15,000 km2 (5,800 sq mi) of the ice shelf at risk. The ice was being held back by a "t...
When did the most widespread melting of ice occur?
{ "answer_start": [ 495 ], "text": [ "2005" ] }
570e0f250dc6ce1900204daf
Antarctica
In 2002 the Antarctic Peninsula's Larsen-B ice shelf collapsed. Between 28 February and 8 March 2008, about 570 km2 (220 sq mi) of ice from the Wilkins Ice Shelf on the southwest part of the peninsula collapsed, putting the remaining 15,000 km2 (5,800 sq mi) of the ice shelf at risk. The ice was being held back by a "t...
How high could the temperatures have risen to cause the melting?
{ "answer_start": [ 644 ], "text": [ "5 °C" ] }
570e10d20b85d914000d7c9b
Antarctica
Antarctica has no indigenous population and there is no evidence that it was seen by humans until the 19th century. However, belief in the existence of a Terra Australis—a vast continent in the far south of the globe to "balance" the northern lands of Europe, Asia and North Africa—had existed since the times of Ptolemy...
When was the first time humans visited Antarctica?
{ "answer_start": [ 102 ], "text": [ "19th century" ] }
570e10d20b85d914000d7c9c
Antarctica
Antarctica has no indigenous population and there is no evidence that it was seen by humans until the 19th century. However, belief in the existence of a Terra Australis—a vast continent in the far south of the globe to "balance" the northern lands of Europe, Asia and North Africa—had existed since the times of Ptolemy...
What was Antarctica presumed to be by the ancient thinkers?
{ "answer_start": [ 221 ], "text": [ "balance" ] }
570e10d20b85d914000d7c9d
Antarctica
Antarctica has no indigenous population and there is no evidence that it was seen by humans until the 19th century. However, belief in the existence of a Terra Australis—a vast continent in the far south of the globe to "balance" the northern lands of Europe, Asia and North Africa—had existed since the times of Ptolemy...
What did Ptolemy suggest that a southern land mass would do to preserve?
{ "answer_start": [ 378 ], "text": [ "symmetry" ] }
570e10d20b85d914000d7c9e
Antarctica
Antarctica has no indigenous population and there is no evidence that it was seen by humans until the 19th century. However, belief in the existence of a Terra Australis—a vast continent in the far south of the globe to "balance" the northern lands of Europe, Asia and North Africa—had existed since the times of Ptolemy...
Of what did early explores think Australia and South America were part?
{ "answer_start": [ 544 ], "text": [ "Antarctica" ] }
570e10d20b85d914000d7c9f
Antarctica
Antarctica has no indigenous population and there is no evidence that it was seen by humans until the 19th century. However, belief in the existence of a Terra Australis—a vast continent in the far south of the globe to "balance" the northern lands of Europe, Asia and North Africa—had existed since the times of Ptolemy...
Early geographers thought that Antarctica was what in size?
{ "answer_start": [ 606 ], "text": [ "larger" ] }
570e11f30dc6ce1900204db5
Antarctica
About 98% of Antarctica is covered by the Antarctic ice sheet, a sheet of ice averaging at least 1.6 km (1.0 mi) thick. The continent has about 90% of the world's ice (and thereby about 70% of the world's fresh water). If all of this ice were melted, sea levels would rise about 60 m (200 ft). In most of the interior of...
How much of Antarctica is covered by ice?
{ "answer_start": [ 6 ], "text": [ "98%" ] }
570e11f30dc6ce1900204db7
Antarctica
About 98% of Antarctica is covered by the Antarctic ice sheet, a sheet of ice averaging at least 1.6 km (1.0 mi) thick. The continent has about 90% of the world's ice (and thereby about 70% of the world's fresh water). If all of this ice were melted, sea levels would rise about 60 m (200 ft). In most of the interior of...
How much of Earth's ice is in Antarctica?
{ "answer_start": [ 144 ], "text": [ "90%" ] }
570e11f30dc6ce1900204db6
Antarctica
About 98% of Antarctica is covered by the Antarctic ice sheet, a sheet of ice averaging at least 1.6 km (1.0 mi) thick. The continent has about 90% of the world's ice (and thereby about 70% of the world's fresh water). If all of this ice were melted, sea levels would rise about 60 m (200 ft). In most of the interior of...
How thick is the ice that covers Antarctica?
{ "answer_start": [ 97 ], "text": [ "1.6 km" ] }
570e11f30dc6ce1900204db8
Antarctica
About 98% of Antarctica is covered by the Antarctic ice sheet, a sheet of ice averaging at least 1.6 km (1.0 mi) thick. The continent has about 90% of the world's ice (and thereby about 70% of the world's fresh water). If all of this ice were melted, sea levels would rise about 60 m (200 ft). In most of the interior of...
How much of the Earth's fresh water is held in Antarctica?
{ "answer_start": [ 186 ], "text": [ "70%" ] }
570e11f30dc6ce1900204db9
Antarctica
About 98% of Antarctica is covered by the Antarctic ice sheet, a sheet of ice averaging at least 1.6 km (1.0 mi) thick. The continent has about 90% of the world's ice (and thereby about 70% of the world's fresh water). If all of this ice were melted, sea levels would rise about 60 m (200 ft). In most of the interior of...
What is the amount of precipitation per year in the interior of Antarctica?
{ "answer_start": [ 371 ], "text": [ "20 mm" ] }
570e13df0b85d914000d7ca5
Antarctica
There is some evidence, in the form of ice cores drilled to about 400 m (1,300 ft) above the water line, that Lake Vostok's waters may contain microbial life. The frozen surface of the lake shares similarities with Jupiter's moon, Europa. If life is discovered in Lake Vostok, it would strengthen the argument for the po...
What lake is thought to contain microbial life?
{ "answer_start": [ 110 ], "text": [ "Lake Vostok" ] }
570e13df0b85d914000d7ca6
Antarctica
There is some evidence, in the form of ice cores drilled to about 400 m (1,300 ft) above the water line, that Lake Vostok's waters may contain microbial life. The frozen surface of the lake shares similarities with Jupiter's moon, Europa. If life is discovered in Lake Vostok, it would strengthen the argument for the po...
To what does the frozen surface of Lake Vostok resemble?
{ "answer_start": [ 231 ], "text": [ "Europa" ] }
570e13df0b85d914000d7ca7
Antarctica
There is some evidence, in the form of ice cores drilled to about 400 m (1,300 ft) above the water line, that Lake Vostok's waters may contain microbial life. The frozen surface of the lake shares similarities with Jupiter's moon, Europa. If life is discovered in Lake Vostok, it would strengthen the argument for the po...
With what is Europa associated??
{ "answer_start": [ 215 ], "text": [ "Jupiter's moon" ] }
570e13df0b85d914000d7ca8
Antarctica
There is some evidence, in the form of ice cores drilled to about 400 m (1,300 ft) above the water line, that Lake Vostok's waters may contain microbial life. The frozen surface of the lake shares similarities with Jupiter's moon, Europa. If life is discovered in Lake Vostok, it would strengthen the argument for the po...
When did NASA go on an expedition to Lake Untersee?
{ "answer_start": [ 352 ], "text": [ "7 February 2008" ] }
570e13df0b85d914000d7ca9
Antarctica
There is some evidence, in the form of ice cores drilled to about 400 m (1,300 ft) above the water line, that Lake Vostok's waters may contain microbial life. The frozen surface of the lake shares similarities with Jupiter's moon, Europa. If life is discovered in Lake Vostok, it would strengthen the argument for the po...
For what was NASA searching?
{ "answer_start": [ 435 ], "text": [ "extremophiles" ] }
570e152a0b85d914000d7caf
Antarctica
Africa separated from Antarctica in the Jurassic, around 160 Ma, followed by the Indian subcontinent in the early Cretaceous (about 125 Ma). By the end of the Cretaceous, about 66 Ma, Antarctica (then connected to Australia) still had a subtropical climate and flora, complete with a marsupial fauna. In the Eocene epoch...
In what period did Africa beak off from Antarctica?
{ "answer_start": [ 40 ], "text": [ "Jurassic" ] }
570e152a0b85d914000d7cb0
Antarctica
Africa separated from Antarctica in the Jurassic, around 160 Ma, followed by the Indian subcontinent in the early Cretaceous (about 125 Ma). By the end of the Cretaceous, about 66 Ma, Antarctica (then connected to Australia) still had a subtropical climate and flora, complete with a marsupial fauna. In the Eocene epoch...
When was Antarctica still joined to Australia?
{ "answer_start": [ 148 ], "text": [ "end of the Cretaceous" ] }
570e152a0b85d914000d7cb1
Antarctica
Africa separated from Antarctica in the Jurassic, around 160 Ma, followed by the Indian subcontinent in the early Cretaceous (about 125 Ma). By the end of the Cretaceous, about 66 Ma, Antarctica (then connected to Australia) still had a subtropical climate and flora, complete with a marsupial fauna. In the Eocene epoch...
What type of climate did Antarctica have in the Cretaceous period?
{ "answer_start": [ 237 ], "text": [ "subtropical" ] }
570e152a0b85d914000d7cb2
Antarctica
Africa separated from Antarctica in the Jurassic, around 160 Ma, followed by the Indian subcontinent in the early Cretaceous (about 125 Ma). By the end of the Cretaceous, about 66 Ma, Antarctica (then connected to Australia) still had a subtropical climate and flora, complete with a marsupial fauna. In the Eocene epoch...
When did Australia separate from Antarctica?
{ "answer_start": [ 308 ], "text": [ "Eocene epoch" ] }
570e152a0b85d914000d7cb3
Antarctica
Africa separated from Antarctica in the Jurassic, around 160 Ma, followed by the Indian subcontinent in the early Cretaceous (about 125 Ma). By the end of the Cretaceous, about 66 Ma, Antarctica (then connected to Australia) still had a subtropical climate and flora, complete with a marsupial fauna. In the Eocene epoch...
After the division from Australia, what began to appear?
{ "answer_start": [ 466 ], "text": [ "ice" ] }
570e16ea0b85d914000d7cb9
Antarctica
Antarctica is colder than the Arctic for three reasons. First, much of the continent is more than 3,000 m (9,800 ft) above sea level, and temperature decreases with elevation in the troposphere. Second, the Arctic Ocean covers the north polar zone: the ocean's relative warmth is transferred through the icepack and prev...
Which of the the poles is colder?
{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "Antarctica" ] }
570e16ea0b85d914000d7cba
Antarctica
Antarctica is colder than the Arctic for three reasons. First, much of the continent is more than 3,000 m (9,800 ft) above sea level, and temperature decreases with elevation in the troposphere. Second, the Arctic Ocean covers the north polar zone: the ocean's relative warmth is transferred through the icepack and prev...
How high is the continent of Antarctica above sea level?
{ "answer_start": [ 98 ], "text": [ "3,000 m" ] }
570e16ea0b85d914000d7cbb
Antarctica
Antarctica is colder than the Arctic for three reasons. First, much of the continent is more than 3,000 m (9,800 ft) above sea level, and temperature decreases with elevation in the troposphere. Second, the Arctic Ocean covers the north polar zone: the ocean's relative warmth is transferred through the icepack and prev...
How does the Arctic Ocean warm the Arctic?
{ "answer_start": [ 270 ], "text": [ "warmth is transferred" ] }
570e16ea0b85d914000d7cbc
Antarctica
Antarctica is colder than the Arctic for three reasons. First, much of the continent is more than 3,000 m (9,800 ft) above sea level, and temperature decreases with elevation in the troposphere. Second, the Arctic Ocean covers the north polar zone: the ocean's relative warmth is transferred through the icepack and prev...
What contributes to the Antarctic cold?
{ "answer_start": [ 649 ], "text": [ "orbital distance" ] }
570e16ea0b85d914000d7cbd
Antarctica
Antarctica is colder than the Arctic for three reasons. First, much of the continent is more than 3,000 m (9,800 ft) above sea level, and temperature decreases with elevation in the troposphere. Second, the Arctic Ocean covers the north polar zone: the ocean's relative warmth is transferred through the icepack and prev...
What does temperature do with elevation?
{ "answer_start": [ 150 ], "text": [ "decreases" ] }
570e18430b85d914000d7cc3
Antarctica
Emilio Marcos Palma was the first person born south of the 60th parallel south (the continental limit according to the Antarctic Treaty), as well as the first one born on the Antarctic mainland, in 1978 at Base Esperanza, on the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula; his parents were sent there along with seven other families...
Who was the first person born south of the 60th parallel?
{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "Emilio Marcos Palma" ] }
570e18430b85d914000d7cc4
Antarctica
Emilio Marcos Palma was the first person born south of the 60th parallel south (the continental limit according to the Antarctic Treaty), as well as the first one born on the Antarctic mainland, in 1978 at Base Esperanza, on the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula; his parents were sent there along with seven other families...
Where is the continental limit of Antarctica?
{ "answer_start": [ 59 ], "text": [ "60th parallel south" ] }
570e18430b85d914000d7cc5
Antarctica
Emilio Marcos Palma was the first person born south of the 60th parallel south (the continental limit according to the Antarctic Treaty), as well as the first one born on the Antarctic mainland, in 1978 at Base Esperanza, on the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula; his parents were sent there along with seven other families...
When was Palma born?
{ "answer_start": [ 198 ], "text": [ "1978" ] }
570e18430b85d914000d7cc6
Antarctica
Emilio Marcos Palma was the first person born south of the 60th parallel south (the continental limit according to the Antarctic Treaty), as well as the first one born on the Antarctic mainland, in 1978 at Base Esperanza, on the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula; his parents were sent there along with seven other families...
What was the Palma family sent to Antarctica to determine?
{ "answer_start": [ 383 ], "text": [ "suitable for family life" ] }
570e1a2a0dc6ce1900204dbf
Antarctica
About 1150 species of fungi have been recorded from Antarctica, of which about 750 are non-lichen-forming and 400 are lichen-forming. Some of these species are cryptoendoliths as a result of evolution under extreme conditions, and have significantly contributed to shaping the impressive rock formations of the McMurdo D...
How many species of fungi have been found on Antarctica?
{ "answer_start": [ 6 ], "text": [ "1150" ] }
570e1a2a0dc6ce1900204dc1
Antarctica
About 1150 species of fungi have been recorded from Antarctica, of which about 750 are non-lichen-forming and 400 are lichen-forming. Some of these species are cryptoendoliths as a result of evolution under extreme conditions, and have significantly contributed to shaping the impressive rock formations of the McMurdo D...
What type of fungi help shape rock formations in Antarctica?
{ "answer_start": [ 160 ], "text": [ "cryptoendoliths" ] }
570e1a2a0dc6ce1900204dc0
Antarctica
About 1150 species of fungi have been recorded from Antarctica, of which about 750 are non-lichen-forming and 400 are lichen-forming. Some of these species are cryptoendoliths as a result of evolution under extreme conditions, and have significantly contributed to shaping the impressive rock formations of the McMurdo D...
How many of the extant fungi in Antarctica are lichen-forming?
{ "answer_start": [ 110 ], "text": [ "400" ] }
570e1a2a0dc6ce1900204dc2
Antarctica
About 1150 species of fungi have been recorded from Antarctica, of which about 750 are non-lichen-forming and 400 are lichen-forming. Some of these species are cryptoendoliths as a result of evolution under extreme conditions, and have significantly contributed to shaping the impressive rock formations of the McMurdo D...
What has the study of fungi in Antarctica shown about these organisms?
{ "answer_start": [ 818 ], "text": [ "adaptations" ] }
570e1a2a0dc6ce1900204dc3
Antarctica
About 1150 species of fungi have been recorded from Antarctica, of which about 750 are non-lichen-forming and 400 are lichen-forming. Some of these species are cryptoendoliths as a result of evolution under extreme conditions, and have significantly contributed to shaping the impressive rock formations of the McMurdo D...
How is it postulated that Mars life might have evolved?
{ "answer_start": [ 960 ], "text": [ "similar to Antarctic" ] }
570e1bd10b85d914000d7ccd
Antarctica
The Argentine, British and Chilean claims all overlap, and have caused friction. On 18 December 2012, the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office named a previously unnamed area Queen Elizabeth Land in tribute to Queen Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee. On 22 December 2012, the UK ambassador to Argentina, John Freeman, wa...
What did the British claim in 2012?
{ "answer_start": [ 178 ], "text": [ "Queen Elizabeth Land" ] }
570e1bd10b85d914000d7cce
Antarctica
The Argentine, British and Chilean claims all overlap, and have caused friction. On 18 December 2012, the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office named a previously unnamed area Queen Elizabeth Land in tribute to Queen Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee. On 22 December 2012, the UK ambassador to Argentina, John Freeman, wa...
To what was the claim of land in tribute?
{ "answer_start": [ 219 ], "text": [ "Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee" ] }
570e1bd10b85d914000d7ccf
Antarctica
The Argentine, British and Chilean claims all overlap, and have caused friction. On 18 December 2012, the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office named a previously unnamed area Queen Elizabeth Land in tribute to Queen Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee. On 22 December 2012, the UK ambassador to Argentina, John Freeman, wa...
What was the response of the Argentine response to the British land claim?
{ "answer_start": [ 362 ], "text": [ "protest" ] }
570e1bd10b85d914000d7cd1
Antarctica
The Argentine, British and Chilean claims all overlap, and have caused friction. On 18 December 2012, the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office named a previously unnamed area Queen Elizabeth Land in tribute to Queen Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee. On 22 December 2012, the UK ambassador to Argentina, John Freeman, wa...
When did the British claim Queen Elizabeth Land in Antarctica?
{ "answer_start": [ 84 ], "text": [ "18 December 2012" ] }
570e1bd10b85d914000d7cd0
Antarctica
The Argentine, British and Chilean claims all overlap, and have caused friction. On 18 December 2012, the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office named a previously unnamed area Queen Elizabeth Land in tribute to Queen Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee. On 22 December 2012, the UK ambassador to Argentina, John Freeman, wa...
Of what war was 2012 the anniversary?
{ "answer_start": [ 557 ], "text": [ "Falklands War" ] }
570e1d420b85d914000d7cd7
Antarctica
There has been some concern over the potential adverse environmental and ecosystem effects caused by the influx of visitors. Some environmentalists and scientists have made a call for stricter regulations for ships and a tourism quota. The primary response by Antarctic Treaty Parties has been to develop, through their ...
The entry of whom has caused some worry about the welfare of Antarctica?
{ "answer_start": [ 115 ], "text": [ "visitors" ] }
570e1d420b85d914000d7cd8
Antarctica
There has been some concern over the potential adverse environmental and ecosystem effects caused by the influx of visitors. Some environmentalists and scientists have made a call for stricter regulations for ships and a tourism quota. The primary response by Antarctic Treaty Parties has been to develop, through their ...
What do environmentalists want enacted?
{ "answer_start": [ 184 ], "text": [ "stricter regulations" ] }
570e1d420b85d914000d7cd9
Antarctica
There has been some concern over the potential adverse environmental and ecosystem effects caused by the influx of visitors. Some environmentalists and scientists have made a call for stricter regulations for ships and a tourism quota. The primary response by Antarctic Treaty Parties has been to develop, through their ...
What kind of tourist limit has been asked for by environmentalists?
{ "answer_start": [ 221 ], "text": [ "tourism quota" ] }
570e1d420b85d914000d7cda
Antarctica
There has been some concern over the potential adverse environmental and ecosystem effects caused by the influx of visitors. Some environmentalists and scientists have made a call for stricter regulations for ships and a tourism quota. The primary response by Antarctic Treaty Parties has been to develop, through their ...
What have the authorities produced in response to these requests?
{ "answer_start": [ 391 ], "text": [ "site use guidelines" ] }
570e1d420b85d914000d7cdb
Antarctica
There has been some concern over the potential adverse environmental and ecosystem effects caused by the influx of visitors. Some environmentalists and scientists have made a call for stricter regulations for ships and a tourism quota. The primary response by Antarctic Treaty Parties has been to develop, through their ...
When did an Air New Zealand crash on Mount Erebus?
{ "answer_start": [ 652 ], "text": [ "1979" ] }
570e1f340dc6ce1900204dc9
Antarctica
Researchers include biologists, geologists, oceanographers, physicists, astronomers, glaciologists, and meteorologists. Geologists tend to study plate tectonics, meteorites from outer space, and resources from the breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana. Glaciologists in Antarctica are concerned with the study of the hi...
What group of scientists study tectonics?
{ "answer_start": [ 120 ], "text": [ "Geologists" ] }
570e1f340dc6ce1900204dcb
Antarctica
Researchers include biologists, geologists, oceanographers, physicists, astronomers, glaciologists, and meteorologists. Geologists tend to study plate tectonics, meteorites from outer space, and resources from the breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana. Glaciologists in Antarctica are concerned with the study of the hi...
Who is interested in the effects of harsh environment on humans?
{ "answer_start": [ 397 ], "text": [ "Biologists" ] }
570e1f340dc6ce1900204dca
Antarctica
Researchers include biologists, geologists, oceanographers, physicists, astronomers, glaciologists, and meteorologists. Geologists tend to study plate tectonics, meteorites from outer space, and resources from the breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana. Glaciologists in Antarctica are concerned with the study of the hi...
Which science is concerned with the study of the dynamics of ice?
{ "answer_start": [ 254 ], "text": [ "Glaciologists" ] }
570e1f340dc6ce1900204dcc
Antarctica
Researchers include biologists, geologists, oceanographers, physicists, astronomers, glaciologists, and meteorologists. Geologists tend to study plate tectonics, meteorites from outer space, and resources from the breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana. Glaciologists in Antarctica are concerned with the study of the hi...
What kind of observations use the high elevations and thin atmosphere for viewing space?
{ "answer_start": [ 851 ], "text": [ "astronomical" ] }
570e1f340dc6ce1900204dcd
Antarctica
Researchers include biologists, geologists, oceanographers, physicists, astronomers, glaciologists, and meteorologists. Geologists tend to study plate tectonics, meteorites from outer space, and resources from the breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana. Glaciologists in Antarctica are concerned with the study of the hi...
Where is the largest neutrino telescope on Earth?
{ "answer_start": [ 1347 ], "text": [ "Amundsen–Scott station." ] }
570c2b046b8089140040fba4
Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)
According to the apocryphal Gospel of James, Mary was the daughter of Saint Joachim and Saint Anne. Before Mary's conception, Anne had been barren and was far advanced in years. Mary was given to service as a consecrated virgin in the Temple in Jerusalem when she was three years old, much like Hannah took Samuel to the...
Who were Mary's parents?
{ "answer_start": [ 70 ], "text": [ "Saint Joachim and Saint Anne" ] }
570c2b046b8089140040fba5
Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)
According to the apocryphal Gospel of James, Mary was the daughter of Saint Joachim and Saint Anne. Before Mary's conception, Anne had been barren and was far advanced in years. Mary was given to service as a consecrated virgin in the Temple in Jerusalem when she was three years old, much like Hannah took Samuel to the...
How old was Mary when she was consecrated as a virgin?
{ "answer_start": [ 268 ], "text": [ "three years old" ] }
570c2b046b8089140040fba6
Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)
According to the apocryphal Gospel of James, Mary was the daughter of Saint Joachim and Saint Anne. Before Mary's conception, Anne had been barren and was far advanced in years. Mary was given to service as a consecrated virgin in the Temple in Jerusalem when she was three years old, much like Hannah took Samuel to the...
Who was Mary betrothed to?
{ "answer_start": [ 434 ], "text": [ "Joseph" ] }
570c2b046b8089140040fba7
Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)
According to the apocryphal Gospel of James, Mary was the daughter of Saint Joachim and Saint Anne. Before Mary's conception, Anne had been barren and was far advanced in years. Mary was given to service as a consecrated virgin in the Temple in Jerusalem when she was three years old, much like Hannah took Samuel to the...
When she was betrothed to Joseph, approximately how old was Mary?
{ "answer_start": [ 451 ], "text": [ "12–14 years old" ] }
570c2b046b8089140040fba8
Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)
According to the apocryphal Gospel of James, Mary was the daughter of Saint Joachim and Saint Anne. Before Mary's conception, Anne had been barren and was far advanced in years. Mary was given to service as a consecrated virgin in the Temple in Jerusalem when she was three years old, much like Hannah took Samuel to the...
Where was Mary consecrated as a virgin?
{ "answer_start": [ 231 ], "text": [ "the Temple in Jerusalem" ] }
570c3da6ec8fbc190045be08
Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)
The Gospel of Luke begins its account of Mary's life with the Annunciation, when the angel Gabriel appeared to her and announced her divine selection to be the mother of Jesus. According to gospel accounts, Mary was present at the Crucifixion of Jesus and is depicted as a member of the early Christian community in Jeru...
Which angel appeared to Mary?
{ "answer_start": [ 91 ], "text": [ "Gabriel" ] }
570c3da6ec8fbc190045be09
Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)
The Gospel of Luke begins its account of Mary's life with the Annunciation, when the angel Gabriel appeared to her and announced her divine selection to be the mother of Jesus. According to gospel accounts, Mary was present at the Crucifixion of Jesus and is depicted as a member of the early Christian community in Jeru...
What happened to Mary's body at death?
{ "answer_start": [ 419 ], "text": [ "assumed directly into Heaven" ] }
570c3da6ec8fbc190045be0a
Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)
The Gospel of Luke begins its account of Mary's life with the Annunciation, when the angel Gabriel appeared to her and announced her divine selection to be the mother of Jesus. According to gospel accounts, Mary was present at the Crucifixion of Jesus and is depicted as a member of the early Christian community in Jeru...
What did Gabriel announce to Mary at the Annunciation?
{ "answer_start": [ 129 ], "text": [ "her divine selection to be the mother of Jesus" ] }
570c3da6ec8fbc190045be0b
Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)
The Gospel of Luke begins its account of Mary's life with the Annunciation, when the angel Gabriel appeared to her and announced her divine selection to be the mother of Jesus. According to gospel accounts, Mary was present at the Crucifixion of Jesus and is depicted as a member of the early Christian community in Jeru...
How was Mary related to Jesus?
{ "answer_start": [ 160 ], "text": [ "mother of Jesus" ] }
570c3da6ec8fbc190045be0c
Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)
The Gospel of Luke begins its account of Mary's life with the Annunciation, when the angel Gabriel appeared to her and announced her divine selection to be the mother of Jesus. According to gospel accounts, Mary was present at the Crucifixion of Jesus and is depicted as a member of the early Christian community in Jeru...
Which goespel begins its story of Mary with the Annunciation?
{ "answer_start": [ 4 ], "text": [ "Gospel of Luke" ] }
570c3f1dec8fbc190045be1c
Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)
The doctrines of the Assumption or Dormition of Mary relate to her death and bodily assumption to Heaven. The Roman Catholic Church has dogmaically defined the doctrine of the Assumption, which was done in 1950 by Pope Pius XII in Munificentissimus Deus. Whether the Virgin Mary died or not is not defined dogmatically, ...
When was the Assumption dogmatically define by the Catholic Church?
{ "answer_start": [ 206 ], "text": [ "1950" ] }
570c3f1dec8fbc190045be1d
Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)
The doctrines of the Assumption or Dormition of Mary relate to her death and bodily assumption to Heaven. The Roman Catholic Church has dogmaically defined the doctrine of the Assumption, which was done in 1950 by Pope Pius XII in Munificentissimus Deus. Whether the Virgin Mary died or not is not defined dogmatically, ...
In which papal document was the dogma of the Assumption defined?
{ "answer_start": [ 231 ], "text": [ "Munificentissimus Deus" ] }
570c3f1dec8fbc190045be1e
Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)
The doctrines of the Assumption or Dormition of Mary relate to her death and bodily assumption to Heaven. The Roman Catholic Church has dogmaically defined the doctrine of the Assumption, which was done in 1950 by Pope Pius XII in Munificentissimus Deus. Whether the Virgin Mary died or not is not defined dogmatically, ...
Which pope authored Munifentissimus Deus?
{ "answer_start": [ 214 ], "text": [ "Pope Pius XII" ] }
570c3f1dec8fbc190045be1f
Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)
The doctrines of the Assumption or Dormition of Mary relate to her death and bodily assumption to Heaven. The Roman Catholic Church has dogmaically defined the doctrine of the Assumption, which was done in 1950 by Pope Pius XII in Munificentissimus Deus. Whether the Virgin Mary died or not is not defined dogmatically, ...
Other than the Roman Catholic Church, which church holds the doctrine of the Assumption to be true?
{ "answer_start": [ 414 ], "text": [ "Eastern Orthodox Church" ] }
570c3f1dec8fbc190045be20
Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)
The doctrines of the Assumption or Dormition of Mary relate to her death and bodily assumption to Heaven. The Roman Catholic Church has dogmaically defined the doctrine of the Assumption, which was done in 1950 by Pope Pius XII in Munificentissimus Deus. Whether the Virgin Mary died or not is not defined dogmatically, ...
What is another name for the Assumption of Mary?
{ "answer_start": [ 35 ], "text": [ "Dormition" ] }
570c4097ec8fbc190045be30
Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)
After Mary continued in the "blood of her purifying" another 33 days for a total of 40 days, she brought her burnt offering and sin offering to the Temple in Jerusalem,[Luke 2:22] so the priest could make atonement for her sins, being cleansed from her blood.[Leviticus 12:1-8] They also presented Jesus – "As it is wri...
How long in total was the "blood of her purifying" for Mary?
{ "answer_start": [ 84 ], "text": [ "40 days" ] }
570c4097ec8fbc190045be31
Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)
After Mary continued in the "blood of her purifying" another 33 days for a total of 40 days, she brought her burnt offering and sin offering to the Temple in Jerusalem,[Luke 2:22] so the priest could make atonement for her sins, being cleansed from her blood.[Leviticus 12:1-8] They also presented Jesus – "As it is wri...
Where did Mary bring a burnt offering and sin offering?
{ "answer_start": [ 144 ], "text": [ "the Temple in Jerusalem" ] }
570c4097ec8fbc190045be32
Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)
After Mary continued in the "blood of her purifying" another 33 days for a total of 40 days, she brought her burnt offering and sin offering to the Temple in Jerusalem,[Luke 2:22] so the priest could make atonement for her sins, being cleansed from her blood.[Leviticus 12:1-8] They also presented Jesus – "As it is wri...
Who was presented at the Temple in Jerusalem?
{ "answer_start": [ 298 ], "text": [ "Jesus" ] }
570c4097ec8fbc190045be33
Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)
After Mary continued in the "blood of her purifying" another 33 days for a total of 40 days, she brought her burnt offering and sin offering to the Temple in Jerusalem,[Luke 2:22] so the priest could make atonement for her sins, being cleansed from her blood.[Leviticus 12:1-8] They also presented Jesus – "As it is wri...
Who prophesized in Luke 2:25-38?
{ "answer_start": [ 465 ], "text": [ "Simeon and the prophetess Anna in" ] }
570c4097ec8fbc190045be34
Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)
After Mary continued in the "blood of her purifying" another 33 days for a total of 40 days, she brought her burnt offering and sin offering to the Temple in Jerusalem,[Luke 2:22] so the priest could make atonement for her sins, being cleansed from her blood.[Leviticus 12:1-8] They also presented Jesus – "As it is wri...
To which Galilean city did Joseph and Mary take Jesus?
{ "answer_start": [ 596 ], "text": [ "Nazareth" ] }
570c4160ec8fbc190045be3a
Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)
According to the writer of Luke, Mary was a relative of Elizabeth, wife of the priest Zechariah of the priestly division of Abijah, who was herself part of the lineage of Aaron and so of the tribe of Levi.[Luke 1:5;1:36] Some of those who consider that the relationship with Elizabeth was on the maternal side, consider ...
What was Zechariah's occupation?
{ "answer_start": [ 79 ], "text": [ "priest" ] }
570c4160ec8fbc190045be3b
Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)
According to the writer of Luke, Mary was a relative of Elizabeth, wife of the priest Zechariah of the priestly division of Abijah, who was herself part of the lineage of Aaron and so of the tribe of Levi.[Luke 1:5;1:36] Some of those who consider that the relationship with Elizabeth was on the maternal side, consider ...
Which tribe did Elizabeth belong to?
{ "answer_start": [ 200 ], "text": [ "Levi" ] }
570c4160ec8fbc190045be3c
Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)
According to the writer of Luke, Mary was a relative of Elizabeth, wife of the priest Zechariah of the priestly division of Abijah, who was herself part of the lineage of Aaron and so of the tribe of Levi.[Luke 1:5;1:36] Some of those who consider that the relationship with Elizabeth was on the maternal side, consider ...
Who was Aaron's wife?
{ "answer_start": [ 671 ], "text": [ "Elisheba" ] }
570c4160ec8fbc190045be3d
Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)
According to the writer of Luke, Mary was a relative of Elizabeth, wife of the priest Zechariah of the priestly division of Abijah, who was herself part of the lineage of Aaron and so of the tribe of Levi.[Luke 1:5;1:36] Some of those who consider that the relationship with Elizabeth was on the maternal side, consider ...
Which tribe did Elisheba belong to?
{ "answer_start": [ 700 ], "text": [ "Judah" ] }
570c4160ec8fbc190045be3e
Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)
According to the writer of Luke, Mary was a relative of Elizabeth, wife of the priest Zechariah of the priestly division of Abijah, who was herself part of the lineage of Aaron and so of the tribe of Levi.[Luke 1:5;1:36] Some of those who consider that the relationship with Elizabeth was on the maternal side, consider ...
Who was the third son of David and Bathsheba?
{ "answer_start": [ 484 ], "text": [ "Nathan" ] }
570c42fdb3d812140066d05d
Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)
Mary is also depicted as being present among the women at the crucifixion during the crucifixion standing near "the disciple whom Jesus loved" along with Mary of Clopas and Mary Magdalene,[Jn 19:25-26] to which list Matthew 27:56 adds "the mother of the sons of Zebedee", presumably the Salome mentioned in Mark 15:40. T...
Name the two women present with Mary at the Crucifixion of Jesus?
{ "answer_start": [ 154 ], "text": [ "Mary of Clopas and Mary Magdalene" ] }
570c42fdb3d812140066d05e
Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)
Mary is also depicted as being present among the women at the crucifixion during the crucifixion standing near "the disciple whom Jesus loved" along with Mary of Clopas and Mary Magdalene,[Jn 19:25-26] to which list Matthew 27:56 adds "the mother of the sons of Zebedee", presumably the Salome mentioned in Mark 15:40. T...
In art, what is the name for the motif of Mary cradling the body of Jesus?
{ "answer_start": [ 483 ], "text": [ "pietà" ] }
570c42fdb3d812140066d05f
Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)
Mary is also depicted as being present among the women at the crucifixion during the crucifixion standing near "the disciple whom Jesus loved" along with Mary of Clopas and Mary Magdalene,[Jn 19:25-26] to which list Matthew 27:56 adds "the mother of the sons of Zebedee", presumably the Salome mentioned in Mark 15:40. T...
In Matthew, who else besides Mary of Clopas and Mary Magdalene are with Mary at the Crucifixion?
{ "answer_start": [ 287 ], "text": [ "Salome" ] }
570c42fdb3d812140066d060
Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)
Mary is also depicted as being present among the women at the crucifixion during the crucifixion standing near "the disciple whom Jesus loved" along with Mary of Clopas and Mary Magdalene,[Jn 19:25-26] to which list Matthew 27:56 adds "the mother of the sons of Zebedee", presumably the Salome mentioned in Mark 15:40. T...
What does pieta mean?
{ "answer_start": [ 494 ], "text": [ "pity" ] }
570c42fdb3d812140066d061
Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)
Mary is also depicted as being present among the women at the crucifixion during the crucifixion standing near "the disciple whom Jesus loved" along with Mary of Clopas and Mary Magdalene,[Jn 19:25-26] to which list Matthew 27:56 adds "the mother of the sons of Zebedee", presumably the Salome mentioned in Mark 15:40. T...
What is a representation of Mary at the Crucifixion called?
{ "answer_start": [ 349 ], "text": [ "a Stabat Mater" ] }
570c46c0b3d812140066d067
Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)
The adoption of the mother of Jesus as a virtual goddess may represent a reintroduction of aspects of the worship of Isis. "When looking at images of the Egyptian goddess Isis and those of the Virgin Mary, one may initially observe iconographic similarities. These parallels have led many scholars to suggest that there ...
Which Egyptian goddess do some scholars ascribe similarities to?
{ "answer_start": [ 171 ], "text": [ "Isis" ] }
570c46c0b3d812140066d068
Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)
The adoption of the mother of Jesus as a virtual goddess may represent a reintroduction of aspects of the worship of Isis. "When looking at images of the Egyptian goddess Isis and those of the Virgin Mary, one may initially observe iconographic similarities. These parallels have led many scholars to suggest that there ...
What type of goddess is Isis?
{ "answer_start": [ 154 ], "text": [ "Egyptian" ] }
570c46c0b3d812140066d069
Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)
The adoption of the mother of Jesus as a virtual goddess may represent a reintroduction of aspects of the worship of Isis. "When looking at images of the Egyptian goddess Isis and those of the Virgin Mary, one may initially observe iconographic similarities. These parallels have led many scholars to suggest that there ...
What kind of relationship do some scholars believe exists between Isis and Mary?
{ "answer_start": [ 334 ], "text": [ "iconographic" ] }
570c481ffed7b91900d45825
Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)
In the 19th century, a house near Ephesus in Turkey was found, based on the visions of Anne Catherine Emmerich, an Augustinian nun in Germany. It has since been visited as the House of the Virgin Mary by Roman Catholic pilgrims who consider it the place where Mary lived until her assumption. The Gospel of John states t...
In which country is Ephesus?
{ "answer_start": [ 45 ], "text": [ "Turkey" ] }
570c481ffed7b91900d45826
Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)
In the 19th century, a house near Ephesus in Turkey was found, based on the visions of Anne Catherine Emmerich, an Augustinian nun in Germany. It has since been visited as the House of the Virgin Mary by Roman Catholic pilgrims who consider it the place where Mary lived until her assumption. The Gospel of John states t...
Whose visions led to the identification of the House of the Virgin Mary?
{ "answer_start": [ 87 ], "text": [ "Anne Catherine Emmerich" ] }
570c481ffed7b91900d45827
Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)
In the 19th century, a house near Ephesus in Turkey was found, based on the visions of Anne Catherine Emmerich, an Augustinian nun in Germany. It has since been visited as the House of the Virgin Mary by Roman Catholic pilgrims who consider it the place where Mary lived until her assumption. The Gospel of John states t...
Which disciple is known as "the Disciple whom Jesus loved?"
{ "answer_start": [ 402 ], "text": [ "John the Evangelist" ] }
570c481ffed7b91900d45828
Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)
In the 19th century, a house near Ephesus in Turkey was found, based on the visions of Anne Catherine Emmerich, an Augustinian nun in Germany. It has since been visited as the House of the Virgin Mary by Roman Catholic pilgrims who consider it the place where Mary lived until her assumption. The Gospel of John states t...
With whom is it believed that Mary lived with in Ephesus?
{ "answer_start": [ 618 ], "text": [ "John" ] }
570c481ffed7b91900d45829
Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)
In the 19th century, a house near Ephesus in Turkey was found, based on the visions of Anne Catherine Emmerich, an Augustinian nun in Germany. It has since been visited as the House of the Virgin Mary by Roman Catholic pilgrims who consider it the place where Mary lived until her assumption. The Gospel of John states t...
In which century was the House of the Virgin Mary found?
{ "answer_start": [ 7 ], "text": [ "19th" ] }
570c49f9fed7b91900d45843
Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)
Devotions to artistic depictions of Mary vary among Christian traditions. There is a long tradition of Roman Catholic Marian art and no image permeates Catholic art as does the image of Madonna and Child. The icon of the Virgin Theotokos with Christ is without doubt the most venerated icon in the Orthodox Church. Both ...
In which year was the Second Council of Nicea?
{ "answer_start": [ 437 ], "text": [ "787" ] }
570c49f9fed7b91900d45844
Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)
Devotions to artistic depictions of Mary vary among Christian traditions. There is a long tradition of Roman Catholic Marian art and no image permeates Catholic art as does the image of Madonna and Child. The icon of the Virgin Theotokos with Christ is without doubt the most venerated icon in the Orthodox Church. Both ...
In which year did the Synod of Constantinople confirm the veneration of images of Mary?
{ "answer_start": [ 589 ], "text": [ "842" ] }
570c49f9fed7b91900d45845
Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)
Devotions to artistic depictions of Mary vary among Christian traditions. There is a long tradition of Roman Catholic Marian art and no image permeates Catholic art as does the image of Madonna and Child. The icon of the Virgin Theotokos with Christ is without doubt the most venerated icon in the Orthodox Church. Both ...
Which icon is most venerated in the Orthodox Church?
{ "answer_start": [ 209 ], "text": [ "icon of the Virgin Theotokos" ] }
570c49f9fed7b91900d45846
Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)
Devotions to artistic depictions of Mary vary among Christian traditions. There is a long tradition of Roman Catholic Marian art and no image permeates Catholic art as does the image of Madonna and Child. The icon of the Virgin Theotokos with Christ is without doubt the most venerated icon in the Orthodox Church. Both ...
What is the name given to artistic depictions of Mary?
{ "answer_start": [ 118 ], "text": [ "Marian art" ] }
570c49f9fed7b91900d45847
Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)
Devotions to artistic depictions of Mary vary among Christian traditions. There is a long tradition of Roman Catholic Marian art and no image permeates Catholic art as does the image of Madonna and Child. The icon of the Virgin Theotokos with Christ is without doubt the most venerated icon in the Orthodox Church. Both ...
In the Orthodox church, what types of icons are allowed to be venerated and prayed before?
{ "answer_start": [ 750 ], "text": [ "flat, two-dimensional icons" ] }
570c4b18b3d812140066d089
Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)
Ephesus is a cultic centre of Mary, the site of the first Church dedicated to her and the rumoured place of her death. Ephesus was previously a centre for worship of Artemis a virgin goddess. The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus being regarded as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World The cult of Mary was furthered ...
Where is the site of the first Church dedicated to Mary?
{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "Ephesus" ] }
570c4b18b3d812140066d08a
Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)
Ephesus is a cultic centre of Mary, the site of the first Church dedicated to her and the rumoured place of her death. Ephesus was previously a centre for worship of Artemis a virgin goddess. The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus being regarded as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World The cult of Mary was furthered ...
Which goddess was worshipped in Ephesus before Mary?
{ "answer_start": [ 166 ], "text": [ "Artemis" ] }
570c4b18b3d812140066d08b
Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)
Ephesus is a cultic centre of Mary, the site of the first Church dedicated to her and the rumoured place of her death. Ephesus was previously a centre for worship of Artemis a virgin goddess. The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus being regarded as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World The cult of Mary was furthered ...
Who was the author of the book, "Survivals of Roman Religion?"
{ "answer_start": [ 371 ], "text": [ "William E. Phipps" ] }
570c4b18b3d812140066d08c
Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)
Ephesus is a cultic centre of Mary, the site of the first Church dedicated to her and the rumoured place of her death. Ephesus was previously a centre for worship of Artemis a virgin goddess. The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus being regarded as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World The cult of Mary was furthered ...
Which Queen furthered the cult of Mary in the 6th Century?
{ "answer_start": [ 323 ], "text": [ "Queen Theodora" ] }