Split (3)

train · 87.6k rows

id stringlengths 24 24	title stringclasses 442 values	context stringlengths 151 3.71k	question stringlengths 12 270	answers dict
570d5c15fed7b91900d45f24	Franco-Prussian_War	The immediate cause of the war resided in the candidacy of a Leopold of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, a Prussian prince, to the throne of Spain. France feared encirclement by an alliance between Prussia and Spain. The Hohenzollern prince's candidacy was withdrawn under French diplomatic pressure, but Otto von Bismarck goad...	What was the name of the famous telelgram?	{ "answer_start": [ 409 ], "text": [ "Ems Dispatch" ] }
570d5c15fed7b91900d45f25	Franco-Prussian_War	The immediate cause of the war resided in the candidacy of a Leopold of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, a Prussian prince, to the throne of Spain. France feared encirclement by an alliance between Prussia and Spain. The Hohenzollern prince's candidacy was withdrawn under French diplomatic pressure, but Otto von Bismarck goad...	What was the reaction of the French people to the deceptively crafted offense in the Ems Dispatch?	{ "answer_start": [ 534 ], "text": [ "inflamed public opinion" ] }
570d5cf5fed7b91900d45f3f	Franco-Prussian_War	The Battle of Wörth (also known as Fröschwiller or Reichshoffen) began when the two armies clashed again on 6 August near Wörth in the town of Fröschwiller, about 10 miles (16 km) from Wissembourg. The Crown Prince of Prussia's 3rd army had, on the quick reaction of his Chief of Staff General von Blumenthal, drawn rein...	What battle began when two armies collided in the town of Froschwiller?	{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "The Battle of Wörth" ] }
570d5cf5fed7b91900d45f40	Franco-Prussian_War	The Battle of Wörth (also known as Fröschwiller or Reichshoffen) began when the two armies clashed again on 6 August near Wörth in the town of Fröschwiller, about 10 miles (16 km) from Wissembourg. The Crown Prince of Prussia's 3rd army had, on the quick reaction of his Chief of Staff General von Blumenthal, drawn rein...	On what date did the Battle of Worth begin?	{ "answer_start": [ 108 ], "text": [ "6 August" ] }
570d5cf5fed7b91900d45f41	Franco-Prussian_War	The Battle of Wörth (also known as Fröschwiller or Reichshoffen) began when the two armies clashed again on 6 August near Wörth in the town of Fröschwiller, about 10 miles (16 km) from Wissembourg. The Crown Prince of Prussia's 3rd army had, on the quick reaction of his Chief of Staff General von Blumenthal, drawn rein...	What was the estimated number of troops in Prussia's 3rd Army?	{ "answer_start": [ 364 ], "text": [ "140,000 troops" ] }
570d5cf5fed7b91900d45f42	Franco-Prussian_War	The Battle of Wörth (also known as Fröschwiller or Reichshoffen) began when the two armies clashed again on 6 August near Wörth in the town of Fröschwiller, about 10 miles (16 km) from Wissembourg. The Crown Prince of Prussia's 3rd army had, on the quick reaction of his Chief of Staff General von Blumenthal, drawn rein...	What number of troops did France have to contend with?	{ "answer_start": [ 448 ], "text": [ "35,000" ] }
570d5cf5fed7b91900d45f43	Franco-Prussian_War	The Battle of Wörth (also known as Fröschwiller or Reichshoffen) began when the two armies clashed again on 6 August near Wörth in the town of Fröschwiller, about 10 miles (16 km) from Wissembourg. The Crown Prince of Prussia's 3rd army had, on the quick reaction of his Chief of Staff General von Blumenthal, drawn rein...	Instead of pursuing the French as they retreated, the Germans decided to remain where?	{ "answer_start": [ 1104 ], "text": [ "Alsace" ] }
570d5e41b3d812140066d75f	Franco-Prussian_War	In Prussia, some officials considered a war against France both inevitable and necessary to arouse German nationalism in those states that would allow the unification of a great German empire. This aim was epitomized by Prussian Chancellor Otto von Bismarck's later statement: "I did not doubt that a Franco-German war m...	In which country was a war against France condsidered desirable?	{ "answer_start": [ 3 ], "text": [ "Prussia" ] }
570d5e41b3d812140066d760	Franco-Prussian_War	In Prussia, some officials considered a war against France both inevitable and necessary to arouse German nationalism in those states that would allow the unification of a great German empire. This aim was epitomized by Prussian Chancellor Otto von Bismarck's later statement: "I did not doubt that a Franco-German war m...	What was the overarching Prussian motive in starting a war with France?	{ "answer_start": [ 155 ], "text": [ "unification of a great German empire" ] }
570d5e41b3d812140066d761	Franco-Prussian_War	In Prussia, some officials considered a war against France both inevitable and necessary to arouse German nationalism in those states that would allow the unification of a great German empire. This aim was epitomized by Prussian Chancellor Otto von Bismarck's later statement: "I did not doubt that a Franco-German war m...	Who had no doubts that a Franco-German war was totally necessary?	{ "answer_start": [ 229 ], "text": [ "Chancellor Otto von Bismarck" ] }
570d5e41b3d812140066d762	Franco-Prussian_War	In Prussia, some officials considered a war against France both inevitable and necessary to arouse German nationalism in those states that would allow the unification of a great German empire. This aim was epitomized by Prussian Chancellor Otto von Bismarck's later statement: "I did not doubt that a Franco-German war m...	Who did Bismarck feel needed to be viewed as the aggressor in the conflict?	{ "answer_start": [ 423 ], "text": [ "France" ] }
570d5e41b3d812140066d763	Franco-Prussian_War	In Prussia, some officials considered a war against France both inevitable and necessary to arouse German nationalism in those states that would allow the unification of a great German empire. This aim was epitomized by Prussian Chancellor Otto von Bismarck's later statement: "I did not doubt that a Franco-German war m...	In bringing the southern German states to align with Prussia, what tactical outcome was achieved?	{ "answer_start": [ 541 ], "text": [ "Germans numerical superiority" ] }
570d5f08fed7b91900d45f5d	Franco-Prussian_War	On 18 August, the battle began when at 08:00 Moltke ordered the First and Second Armies to advance against the French positions. By 12:00, General Manstein opened up the battle before the village of Amanvillers with artillery from the 25th Infantry Division. But the French had spent the night and early morning digging ...	On what date did the battle begin?	{ "answer_start": [ 3 ], "text": [ "18 August" ] }
570d5f08fed7b91900d45f5e	Franco-Prussian_War	On 18 August, the battle began when at 08:00 Moltke ordered the First and Second Armies to advance against the French positions. By 12:00, General Manstein opened up the battle before the village of Amanvillers with artillery from the 25th Infantry Division. But the French had spent the night and early morning digging ...	Who order the First and Second armies to advance against the French?	{ "answer_start": [ 45 ], "text": [ "Moltke" ] }
570d5f08fed7b91900d45f5f	Franco-Prussian_War	On 18 August, the battle began when at 08:00 Moltke ordered the First and Second Armies to advance against the French positions. By 12:00, General Manstein opened up the battle before the village of Amanvillers with artillery from the 25th Infantry Division. But the French had spent the night and early morning digging ...	Which general opened the battle with artillery from the 25th Infantry Division?	{ "answer_start": [ 139 ], "text": [ "General Manstein" ] }
570d5f08fed7b91900d45f60	Franco-Prussian_War	On 18 August, the battle began when at 08:00 Moltke ordered the First and Second Armies to advance against the French positions. By 12:00, General Manstein opened up the battle before the village of Amanvillers with artillery from the 25th Infantry Division. But the French had spent the night and early morning digging ...	Who did the battle first appear to favor?	{ "answer_start": [ 581 ], "text": [ "the French" ] }
570d5f08fed7b91900d45f61	Franco-Prussian_War	On 18 August, the battle began when at 08:00 Moltke ordered the First and Second Armies to advance against the French positions. By 12:00, General Manstein opened up the battle before the village of Amanvillers with artillery from the 25th Infantry Division. But the French had spent the night and early morning digging ...	Who was the commander of the First Army?	{ "answer_start": [ 729 ], "text": [ "General Steinmetz" ] }
570d604afed7b91900d45f71	Franco-Prussian_War	French infantry were equipped with the breech-loading Chassepot rifle, one of the most modern mass-produced firearms in the world at the time. With a rubber ring seal and a smaller bullet, the Chassepot had a maximum effective range of some 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) with a short reloading time. French tactics emphasised ...	What modern, mass-produced weapon were the French infantry provided?	{ "answer_start": [ 54 ], "text": [ "Chassepot rifle" ] }
570d604afed7b91900d45f72	Franco-Prussian_War	French infantry were equipped with the breech-loading Chassepot rifle, one of the most modern mass-produced firearms in the world at the time. With a rubber ring seal and a smaller bullet, the Chassepot had a maximum effective range of some 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) with a short reloading time. French tactics emphasised ...	What was the maximum effective range of the Chassepot rifle?	{ "answer_start": [ 241 ], "text": [ "1,500 metres (4,900 ft)" ] }
570d604afed7b91900d45f73	Franco-Prussian_War	French infantry were equipped with the breech-loading Chassepot rifle, one of the most modern mass-produced firearms in the world at the time. With a rubber ring seal and a smaller bullet, the Chassepot had a maximum effective range of some 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) with a short reloading time. French tactics emphasised ...	In which type of warfare did the French best utilize the Chassepot?	{ "answer_start": [ 364 ], "text": [ "trench-warfare" ] }
570d604afed7b91900d45f74	Franco-Prussian_War	French infantry were equipped with the breech-loading Chassepot rifle, one of the most modern mass-produced firearms in the world at the time. With a rubber ring seal and a smaller bullet, the Chassepot had a maximum effective range of some 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) with a short reloading time. French tactics emphasised ...	What precedent of the machine gun did the French troops also possess?	{ "answer_start": [ 551 ], "text": [ "the mitrailleuse" ] }
570d604afed7b91900d45f75	Franco-Prussian_War	French infantry were equipped with the breech-loading Chassepot rifle, one of the most modern mass-produced firearms in the world at the time. With a rubber ring seal and a smaller bullet, the Chassepot had a maximum effective range of some 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) with a short reloading time. French tactics emphasised ...	On what was the mitrailleuse mounted?	{ "answer_start": [ 756 ], "text": [ "on an artillery gun carriage" ] }
570d615efed7b91900d45f83	Franco-Prussian_War	On 1 September 1870, the battle opened with the Army of Châlons, with 202 infantry battalions, 80 cavalry squadrons and 564 guns, attacking the surrounding Prussian Third and Meuse Armies totaling 222 infantry battalions, 186 cavalry squadrons and 774 guns. General De Wimpffen, the commander of the French V Corps in re...	On which date did the battle begin with the Army of Chalons attacking various Prussian divisions?	{ "answer_start": [ 3 ], "text": [ "1 September 1870" ] }
570d615efed7b91900d45f84	Franco-Prussian_War	On 1 September 1870, the battle opened with the Army of Châlons, with 202 infantry battalions, 80 cavalry squadrons and 564 guns, attacking the surrounding Prussian Third and Meuse Armies totaling 222 infantry battalions, 186 cavalry squadrons and 774 guns. General De Wimpffen, the commander of the French V Corps in re...	Who commanded the French V Corps in reserve?	{ "answer_start": [ 258 ], "text": [ "General De Wimpffen" ] }
570d615efed7b91900d45f85	Franco-Prussian_War	On 1 September 1870, the battle opened with the Army of Châlons, with 202 infantry battalions, 80 cavalry squadrons and 564 guns, attacking the surrounding Prussian Third and Meuse Armies totaling 222 infantry battalions, 186 cavalry squadrons and 774 guns. General De Wimpffen, the commander of the French V Corps in re...	As the French were hard-hit by the Prussian artillery, what continued to show up to the battlefield?	{ "answer_start": [ 478 ], "text": [ "more Prussian troops" ] }
570d615efed7b91900d45f86	Franco-Prussian_War	On 1 September 1870, the battle opened with the Army of Châlons, with 202 infantry battalions, 80 cavalry squadrons and 564 guns, attacking the surrounding Prussian Third and Meuse Armies totaling 222 infantry battalions, 186 cavalry squadrons and 774 guns. General De Wimpffen, the commander of the French V Corps in re...	Which commander of the French calvary led three desperate attacks on Floing?	{ "answer_start": [ 560 ], "text": [ "General Marguerite" ] }
570d615efed7b91900d45f87	Franco-Prussian_War	On 1 September 1870, the battle opened with the Army of Châlons, with 202 infantry battalions, 80 cavalry squadrons and 564 guns, attacking the surrounding Prussian Third and Meuse Armies totaling 222 infantry battalions, 186 cavalry squadrons and 774 guns. General De Wimpffen, the commander of the French V Corps in re...	How many casualties did the French suffer?	{ "answer_start": [ 913 ], "text": [ "over 17,000 men" ] }
570d62aab3d812140066d7bf	Franco-Prussian_War	A pre-war plan laid out by the late Marshal Niel called for a strong French offensive from Thionville towards Trier and into the Prussian Rhineland. This plan was discarded in favour of a defensive plan by Generals Charles Frossard and Bartélemy Lebrun, which called for the Army of the Rhine to remain in a defensive po...	Pre-war, who planned for a strong French offensive?	{ "answer_start": [ 36 ], "text": [ "Marshal Niel" ] }
570d62aab3d812140066d7c0	Franco-Prussian_War	A pre-war plan laid out by the late Marshal Niel called for a strong French offensive from Thionville towards Trier and into the Prussian Rhineland. This plan was discarded in favour of a defensive plan by Generals Charles Frossard and Bartélemy Lebrun, which called for the Army of the Rhine to remain in a defensive po...	From Thionville towards Trier, what was the final destination of the offensive?	{ "answer_start": [ 125 ], "text": [ "the Prussian Rhineland" ] }
570d62aab3d812140066d7c1	Franco-Prussian_War	A pre-war plan laid out by the late Marshal Niel called for a strong French offensive from Thionville towards Trier and into the Prussian Rhineland. This plan was discarded in favour of a defensive plan by Generals Charles Frossard and Bartélemy Lebrun, which called for the Army of the Rhine to remain in a defensive po...	Niel's plan was cast aside in favour of a plan by General Frossard and what other general??	{ "answer_start": [ 236 ], "text": [ "Bartélemy Lebrun" ] }
570d62aab3d812140066d7c2	Franco-Prussian_War	A pre-war plan laid out by the late Marshal Niel called for a strong French offensive from Thionville towards Trier and into the Prussian Rhineland. This plan was discarded in favour of a defensive plan by Generals Charles Frossard and Bartélemy Lebrun, which called for the Army of the Rhine to remain in a defensive po...	The new plan called for which army to remain in a defensive grouping at the German border?	{ "answer_start": [ 275 ], "text": [ "Army of the Rhine" ] }
570d63cdfed7b91900d45fa3	Franco-Prussian_War	On the French side, planning after the disaster at Wissembourg had become essential. General Le Bœuf, flushed with anger, was intent upon going on the offensive over the Saar and countering their loss. However, planning for the next encounter was more based upon the reality of unfolding events rather than emotion or pr...	Which disaster made French planning supremely essential?	{ "answer_start": [ 35 ], "text": [ "the disaster at Wissembourg" ] }
570d63cdfed7b91900d45fa4	Franco-Prussian_War	On the French side, planning after the disaster at Wissembourg had become essential. General Le Bœuf, flushed with anger, was intent upon going on the offensive over the Saar and countering their loss. However, planning for the next encounter was more based upon the reality of unfolding events rather than emotion or pr...	Which general was determined to go on the attack over Saar?	{ "answer_start": [ 85 ], "text": [ "General Le Bœuf" ] }
570d63cdfed7b91900d45fa5	Franco-Prussian_War	On the French side, planning after the disaster at Wissembourg had become essential. General Le Bœuf, flushed with anger, was intent upon going on the offensive over the Saar and countering their loss. However, planning for the next encounter was more based upon the reality of unfolding events rather than emotion or pr...	Planning for the next battle was less based on emotion and more focused on what?	{ "answer_start": [ 263 ], "text": [ "the reality of unfolding events" ] }
570d63cdfed7b91900d45fa6	Franco-Prussian_War	On the French side, planning after the disaster at Wissembourg had become essential. General Le Bœuf, flushed with anger, was intent upon going on the offensive over the Saar and countering their loss. However, planning for the next encounter was more based upon the reality of unfolding events rather than emotion or pr...	Who told LeBoeuf that supply beyond the Saar would be impossible?	{ "answer_start": [ 338 ], "text": [ "General Wolff" ] }
570d63cdfed7b91900d45fa7	Franco-Prussian_War	On the French side, planning after the disaster at Wissembourg had become essential. General Le Bœuf, flushed with anger, was intent upon going on the offensive over the Saar and countering their loss. However, planning for the next encounter was more based upon the reality of unfolding events rather than emotion or pr...	What did the French armies decide on to protect against every possible attack point?	{ "answer_start": [ 470 ], "text": [ "a defensive position" ] }
570d64fcb3d812140066d7ed	Franco-Prussian_War	Following the Army of the Loire's defeats, Gambetta turned to General Faidherbe's Army of the North. The army had achieved several small victories at towns such as Ham, La Hallue, and Amiens and was protected by the belt of fortresses in northern France, allowing Faidherbe's men to launch quick attacks against isolated...	What army's defeats turned Gambetta to the Army of the North?	{ "answer_start": [ 14 ], "text": [ "Army of the Loire's" ] }
570d64fcb3d812140066d7ee	Franco-Prussian_War	Following the Army of the Loire's defeats, Gambetta turned to General Faidherbe's Army of the North. The army had achieved several small victories at towns such as Ham, La Hallue, and Amiens and was protected by the belt of fortresses in northern France, allowing Faidherbe's men to launch quick attacks against isolated...	Who led the Army of the North?	{ "answer_start": [ 62 ], "text": [ "General Faidherbe" ] }
570d64fcb3d812140066d7ef	Franco-Prussian_War	Following the Army of the Loire's defeats, Gambetta turned to General Faidherbe's Army of the North. The army had achieved several small victories at towns such as Ham, La Hallue, and Amiens and was protected by the belt of fortresses in northern France, allowing Faidherbe's men to launch quick attacks against isolated...	Several smaller victories were acheived by the protection of what?	{ "answer_start": [ 216 ], "text": [ "belt of fortresses" ] }
570d64fcb3d812140066d7f0	Franco-Prussian_War	Following the Army of the Loire's defeats, Gambetta turned to General Faidherbe's Army of the North. The army had achieved several small victories at towns such as Ham, La Hallue, and Amiens and was protected by the belt of fortresses in northern France, allowing Faidherbe's men to launch quick attacks against isolated...	The belt of fortresses were in what area of France?	{ "answer_start": [ 238 ], "text": [ "northern France" ] }
570d64fcb3d812140066d7f1	Franco-Prussian_War	Following the Army of the Loire's defeats, Gambetta turned to General Faidherbe's Army of the North. The army had achieved several small victories at towns such as Ham, La Hallue, and Amiens and was protected by the belt of fortresses in northern France, allowing Faidherbe's men to launch quick attacks against isolated...	This position in the north allowed whose men to launch fast attacks against Prussian units?	{ "answer_start": [ 264 ], "text": [ "Faidherbe's" ] }
570d65fafed7b91900d45fdb	Franco-Prussian_War	Despite odds of four to one, the III Corps launched a risky attack. The French were routed and the III Corps captured Vionville, blocking any further escape attempts to the west. Once blocked from retreat, the French in the fortress of Metz had no choice but to engage in a fight that would see the last major cavalry en...	What odds were at stake for the attack launched by the III Corps?	{ "answer_start": [ 16 ], "text": [ "four to one" ] }
570d65fafed7b91900d45fdc	Franco-Prussian_War	Despite odds of four to one, the III Corps launched a risky attack. The French were routed and the III Corps captured Vionville, blocking any further escape attempts to the west. Once blocked from retreat, the French in the fortress of Metz had no choice but to engage in a fight that would see the last major cavalry en...	What town were the III Corps able to capture?	{ "answer_start": [ 118 ], "text": [ "Vionville" ] }
570d65fafed7b91900d45fdd	Franco-Prussian_War	Despite odds of four to one, the III Corps launched a risky attack. The French were routed and the III Corps captured Vionville, blocking any further escape attempts to the west. Once blocked from retreat, the French in the fortress of Metz had no choice but to engage in a fight that would see the last major cavalry en...	In capturing Vionville, what was further blocked in the west?	{ "answer_start": [ 150 ], "text": [ "escape attempts" ] }
570d65fafed7b91900d45fde	Franco-Prussian_War	Despite odds of four to one, the III Corps launched a risky attack. The French were routed and the III Corps captured Vionville, blocking any further escape attempts to the west. Once blocked from retreat, the French in the fortress of Metz had no choice but to engage in a fight that would see the last major cavalry en...	With battle at Metz, what factor shattered the efforts of III Corps?	{ "answer_start": [ 404 ], "text": [ "incessant cavalry charges" ] }
570d65fafed7b91900d45fdf	Franco-Prussian_War	Despite odds of four to one, the III Corps launched a risky attack. The French were routed and the III Corps captured Vionville, blocking any further escape attempts to the west. Once blocked from retreat, the French in the fortress of Metz had no choice but to engage in a fight that would see the last major cavalry en...	The Germans recorded how many causualties in the battle?	{ "answer_start": [ 499 ], "text": [ "15,780" ] }
570d675db3d812140066d84b	Franco-Prussian_War	With the defeat of the First Army, Prince Frederick Charles ordered a massed artillery attack against Canrobert's position at St. Privat to prevent the Guards attack from failing too. At 19:00 the 3rd Division of Fransecky's II Corps of the Second Army advanced across Ravine while the XII Corps cleared out the nearby t...	Which prince ordered an artillery attack against Canrobert?	{ "answer_start": [ 35 ], "text": [ "Prince Frederick Charles" ] }
570d675db3d812140066d84c	Franco-Prussian_War	With the defeat of the First Army, Prince Frederick Charles ordered a massed artillery attack against Canrobert's position at St. Privat to prevent the Guards attack from failing too. At 19:00 the 3rd Division of Fransecky's II Corps of the Second Army advanced across Ravine while the XII Corps cleared out the nearby t...	Which army's defeat compelled Prince Charles to attack?	{ "answer_start": [ 9 ], "text": [ "defeat of the First Army," ] }
570d675db3d812140066d84d	Franco-Prussian_War	With the defeat of the First Army, Prince Frederick Charles ordered a massed artillery attack against Canrobert's position at St. Privat to prevent the Guards attack from failing too. At 19:00 the 3rd Division of Fransecky's II Corps of the Second Army advanced across Ravine while the XII Corps cleared out the nearby t...	As the Second Army pushed into Ravine, the XII Corps cleared out which adjacent town?	{ "answer_start": [ 327 ], "text": [ "Roncourt" ] }
570d675db3d812140066d84e	Franco-Prussian_War	With the defeat of the First Army, Prince Frederick Charles ordered a massed artillery attack against Canrobert's position at St. Privat to prevent the Guards attack from failing too. At 19:00 the 3rd Division of Fransecky's II Corps of the Second Army advanced across Ravine while the XII Corps cleared out the nearby t...	The surving soldiers of the 1st Guards Infantry Division launched a new attack against what?	{ "answer_start": [ 431 ], "text": [ "ruins of St. Privat" ] }
570d675db3d812140066d84f	Franco-Prussian_War	With the defeat of the First Army, Prince Frederick Charles ordered a massed artillery attack against Canrobert's position at St. Privat to prevent the Guards attack from failing too. At 19:00 the 3rd Division of Fransecky's II Corps of the Second Army advanced across Ravine while the XII Corps cleared out the nearby t...	Which army was forced to retreat to Metz and surrender two months later?	{ "answer_start": [ 1115 ], "text": [ "French Army of the Rhine" ] }
570d6878fed7b91900d46023	Franco-Prussian_War	When the war began, the French government ordered a blockade of the North German coasts, which the small North German navy (Norddeutsche Bundesmarine) with only five ironclads could do little to oppose. For most of the war, the three largest German ironclads were out of service with engine troubles; only the turret shi...	A blockade of what coastline was ordered by the French government at the start of the war?	{ "answer_start": [ 68 ], "text": [ "North German coasts" ] }
570d6878fed7b91900d46024	Franco-Prussian_War	When the war began, the French government ordered a blockade of the North German coasts, which the small North German navy (Norddeutsche Bundesmarine) with only five ironclads could do little to oppose. For most of the war, the three largest German ironclads were out of service with engine troubles; only the turret shi...	The small North German navy had how many ironclads at their disposal?	{ "answer_start": [ 156 ], "text": [ "only five" ] }
570d6878fed7b91900d46025	Franco-Prussian_War	When the war began, the French government ordered a blockade of the North German coasts, which the small North German navy (Norddeutsche Bundesmarine) with only five ironclads could do little to oppose. For most of the war, the three largest German ironclads were out of service with engine troubles; only the turret shi...	What was the name of the only turret ship that was able to conduct operations?	{ "answer_start": [ 322 ], "text": [ "SMS Arminius" ] }
570d6878fed7b91900d46026	Franco-Prussian_War	When the war began, the French government ordered a blockade of the North German coasts, which the small North German navy (Norddeutsche Bundesmarine) with only five ironclads could do little to oppose. For most of the war, the three largest German ironclads were out of service with engine troubles; only the turret shi...	How many ships was the French navy able to dispatch to sea?	{ "answer_start": [ 697 ], "text": [ "470" ] }
570d6878fed7b91900d46027	Franco-Prussian_War	When the war began, the French government ordered a blockade of the North German coasts, which the small North German navy (Norddeutsche Bundesmarine) with only five ironclads could do little to oppose. For most of the war, the three largest German ironclads were out of service with engine troubles; only the turret shi...	In pursuing Prussian ships, what resource was quickly depleted?	{ "answer_start": [ 1183 ], "text": [ "coal reserves" ] }
570d69bafed7b91900d46033	Franco-Prussian_War	The Battle of Spicheren, on 5 August, was the second of three critical French defeats. Moltke had originally planned to keep Bazaine's army on the Saar River until he could attack it with the 2nd Army in front and the 1st Army on its left flank, while the 3rd Army closed towards the rear. The aging General von Steinmet...	Which battle was the second of three key French losses?	{ "answer_start": [ 4 ], "text": [ "Battle of Spicheren" ] }
570d69bafed7b91900d46034	Franco-Prussian_War	The Battle of Spicheren, on 5 August, was the second of three critical French defeats. Moltke had originally planned to keep Bazaine's army on the Saar River until he could attack it with the 2nd Army in front and the 1st Army on its left flank, while the 3rd Army closed towards the rear. The aging General von Steinmet...	On what date did the battle of Spicheren take place?	{ "answer_start": [ 28 ], "text": [ "5 August" ] }
570d69bafed7b91900d46035	Franco-Prussian_War	The Battle of Spicheren, on 5 August, was the second of three critical French defeats. Moltke had originally planned to keep Bazaine's army on the Saar River until he could attack it with the 2nd Army in front and the 1st Army on its left flank, while the 3rd Army closed towards the rear. The aging General von Steinmet...	Moltke had originally planned to kee Bazaine's army on what river?	{ "answer_start": [ 143 ], "text": [ "the Saar River" ] }
570d69bafed7b91900d46036	Franco-Prussian_War	The Battle of Spicheren, on 5 August, was the second of three critical French defeats. Moltke had originally planned to keep Bazaine's army on the Saar River until he could attack it with the 2nd Army in front and the 1st Army on its left flank, while the 3rd Army closed towards the rear. The aging General von Steinmet...	Which general's zeal and lack of planning led to cutting off Prince Charles from his calvary?	{ "answer_start": [ 300 ], "text": [ "General von Steinmetz" ] }
570d69bafed7b91900d46037	Franco-Prussian_War	The Battle of Spicheren, on 5 August, was the second of three critical French defeats. Moltke had originally planned to keep Bazaine's army on the Saar River until he could attack it with the 2nd Army in front and the 1st Army on its left flank, while the 3rd Army closed towards the rear. The aging General von Steinmet...	Which town was the site of General von Steinmetz's grave error?	{ "answer_start": [ 457 ], "text": [ "Spicheren" ] }
570d6ae5fed7b91900d4604f	Franco-Prussian_War	The Prussian General Staff developed by Moltke proved to be extremely effective, in contrast to the traditional French school. This was in large part due to the fact that the Prussian General Staff was created to study previous Prussian operations and learn to avoid mistakes. The structure also greatly strengthened Mol...	The General Staff developed by Moltke proved to be what?	{ "answer_start": [ 60 ], "text": [ "extremely effective" ] }
570d6ae5fed7b91900d46050	Franco-Prussian_War	The Prussian General Staff developed by Moltke proved to be extremely effective, in contrast to the traditional French school. This was in large part due to the fact that the Prussian General Staff was created to study previous Prussian operations and learn to avoid mistakes. The structure also greatly strengthened Mol...	What was key factor did the Prussian General Staff study?	{ "answer_start": [ 219 ], "text": [ "previous Prussian operations" ] }
570d6ae5fed7b91900d46051	Franco-Prussian_War	The Prussian General Staff developed by Moltke proved to be extremely effective, in contrast to the traditional French school. This was in large part due to the fact that the Prussian General Staff was created to study previous Prussian operations and learn to avoid mistakes. The structure also greatly strengthened Mol...	What was the goal in the General Staff studying past operations?	{ "answer_start": [ 252 ], "text": [ "learn to avoid mistakes" ] }
570d6ae5fed7b91900d46052	Franco-Prussian_War	The Prussian General Staff developed by Moltke proved to be extremely effective, in contrast to the traditional French school. This was in large part due to the fact that the Prussian General Staff was created to study previous Prussian operations and learn to avoid mistakes. The structure also greatly strengthened Mol...	The structure also reinforced Moltke's ability control large formations spread out over what?	{ "answer_start": [ 378 ], "text": [ "significant distances" ] }
570d6ae5fed7b91900d46053	Franco-Prussian_War	The Prussian General Staff developed by Moltke proved to be extremely effective, in contrast to the traditional French school. This was in large part due to the fact that the Prussian General Staff was created to study previous Prussian operations and learn to avoid mistakes. The structure also greatly strengthened Mol...	Who is essentially considered the commander in chief of the Prussian army?	{ "answer_start": [ 401 ], "text": [ "The Chief of the General Staff" ] }
570d6ba1fed7b91900d4606b	Franco-Prussian_War	The Germans expected to negotiate an end to the war but immediately ordered an advance on Paris; by 15 September Moltke issued the orders for an investment of Paris and on 20 September the encirclement was complete. Bismarck met Favre on 18 September at the Château de Ferrières and demanded a frontier immune to a Frenc...	What did the Germans expect to negotiate?	{ "answer_start": [ 34 ], "text": [ "an end to the war" ] }
570d6ba1fed7b91900d4606c	Franco-Prussian_War	The Germans expected to negotiate an end to the war but immediately ordered an advance on Paris; by 15 September Moltke issued the orders for an investment of Paris and on 20 September the encirclement was complete. Bismarck met Favre on 18 September at the Château de Ferrières and demanded a frontier immune to a Frenc...	On what date was the encirclement of Paris complete?	{ "answer_start": [ 172 ], "text": [ "20 September" ] }
570d6ba1fed7b91900d4606d	Franco-Prussian_War	The Germans expected to negotiate an end to the war but immediately ordered an advance on Paris; by 15 September Moltke issued the orders for an investment of Paris and on 20 September the encirclement was complete. Bismarck met Favre on 18 September at the Château de Ferrières and demanded a frontier immune to a Frenc...	Bismarck and Favre met on what date?	{ "answer_start": [ 238 ], "text": [ "18 September" ] }
570d6ba1fed7b91900d4606e	Franco-Prussian_War	The Germans expected to negotiate an end to the war but immediately ordered an advance on Paris; by 15 September Moltke issued the orders for an investment of Paris and on 20 September the encirclement was complete. Bismarck met Favre on 18 September at the Château de Ferrières and demanded a frontier immune to a Frenc...	What was the location of Bismarck and Favre's meeting?	{ "answer_start": [ 254 ], "text": [ "the Château de Ferrières" ] }
570d6ba1fed7b91900d4606f	Franco-Prussian_War	The Germans expected to negotiate an end to the war but immediately ordered an advance on Paris; by 15 September Moltke issued the orders for an investment of Paris and on 20 September the encirclement was complete. Bismarck met Favre on 18 September at the Château de Ferrières and demanded a frontier immune to a Frenc...	Bismarck demanded the surrender of Strasbourg and what fortress city?	{ "answer_start": [ 590 ], "text": [ "Toul" ] }
570d6cf1fed7b91900d460a5	Franco-Prussian_War	By 16:50, with the Prussian southern attacks in danger of breaking up, the Prussian 3rd Guards Infantry Brigade of the Second Army opened an attack against the French positions at St. Privat which were commanded by General Canrobert. At 17:15, the Prussian 4th Guards Infantry Brigade joined the advance followed at 17:4...	By late afternoon, what were the Prussian southern attacks at risk of?	{ "answer_start": [ 58 ], "text": [ "breaking up" ] }
570d6cf1fed7b91900d460a6	Franco-Prussian_War	By 16:50, with the Prussian southern attacks in danger of breaking up, the Prussian 3rd Guards Infantry Brigade of the Second Army opened an attack against the French positions at St. Privat which were commanded by General Canrobert. At 17:15, the Prussian 4th Guards Infantry Brigade joined the advance followed at 17:4...	Which Prussian general commanded the attack against the French at St. Privat?	{ "answer_start": [ 215 ], "text": [ "General Canrobert" ] }
570d6cf1fed7b91900d460a7	Franco-Prussian_War	By 16:50, with the Prussian southern attacks in danger of breaking up, the Prussian 3rd Guards Infantry Brigade of the Second Army opened an attack against the French positions at St. Privat which were commanded by General Canrobert. At 17:15, the Prussian 4th Guards Infantry Brigade joined the advance followed at 17:4...	What factor immobilised the Prussian Guard?	{ "answer_start": [ 421 ], "text": [ "lethal French gunfire" ] }
570d6cf1fed7b91900d460a8	Franco-Prussian_War	By 16:50, with the Prussian southern attacks in danger of breaking up, the Prussian 3rd Guards Infantry Brigade of the Second Army opened an attack against the French positions at St. Privat which were commanded by General Canrobert. At 17:15, the Prussian 4th Guards Infantry Brigade joined the advance followed at 17:4...	By nightfall a major component of the VII and VII Corps withdrew towards what Prussian position?	{ "answer_start": [ 845 ], "text": [ "Rezonville" ] }
570d6dfbb3d812140066d90b	Franco-Prussian_War	The Prussian Army, under the terms of the armistice, held a brief victory parade in Paris on 17 February; the city was silent and draped with black and the Germans quickly withdrew. Bismarck honoured the armistice, by allowing train loads of food into Paris and withdrawing Prussian forces to the east of the city, prior...	What did the Prussian Army hold in Paris on 17 February?	{ "answer_start": [ 58 ], "text": [ "a brief victory parade" ] }
570d6dfbb3d812140066d90c	Franco-Prussian_War	The Prussian Army, under the terms of the armistice, held a brief victory parade in Paris on 17 February; the city was silent and draped with black and the Germans quickly withdrew. Bismarck honoured the armistice, by allowing train loads of food into Paris and withdrawing Prussian forces to the east of the city, prior...	Under what provision was the Prussian Army permitted to have a victory parade?	{ "answer_start": [ 25 ], "text": [ "the terms of the armistice" ] }
570d6dfbb3d812140066d90d	Franco-Prussian_War	The Prussian Army, under the terms of the armistice, held a brief victory parade in Paris on 17 February; the city was silent and draped with black and the Germans quickly withdrew. Bismarck honoured the armistice, by allowing train loads of food into Paris and withdrawing Prussian forces to the east of the city, prior...	To hounour the armistice, Bismarck allowed train loads of what into Paris?	{ "answer_start": [ 242 ], "text": [ "food" ] }
570d6dfbb3d812140066d90e	Franco-Prussian_War	The Prussian Army, under the terms of the armistice, held a brief victory parade in Paris on 17 February; the city was silent and draped with black and the Germans quickly withdrew. Bismarck honoured the armistice, by allowing train loads of food into Paris and withdrawing Prussian forces to the east of the city, prior...	France had to consent to pay how much in war indemnity?	{ "answer_start": [ 370 ], "text": [ "five billion franc" ] }
570d6dfbb3d812140066d90f	Franco-Prussian_War	The Prussian Army, under the terms of the armistice, held a brief victory parade in Paris on 17 February; the city was silent and draped with black and the Germans quickly withdrew. Bismarck honoured the armistice, by allowing train loads of food into Paris and withdrawing Prussian forces to the east of the city, prior...	An ensuing mass exodus from Paris saw how many people head for the countryside?	{ "answer_start": [ 535 ], "text": [ "200,000" ] }
570d6edcfed7b91900d460d9	Franco-Prussian_War	When the news arrived at Paris of the surrender at Sedan of Napoleon III and 80,000 men, the Second Empire was overthrown by a popular uprising in Paris, which forced the proclamation of a Provisional Government and a Third Republic by general Trochu, Favre and Gambetta at Paris on 4 September, the new government calli...	Whose surrender hit Paris as big news?	{ "answer_start": [ 60 ], "text": [ "Napoleon III" ] }
570d6edcfed7b91900d460da	Franco-Prussian_War	When the news arrived at Paris of the surrender at Sedan of Napoleon III and 80,000 men, the Second Empire was overthrown by a popular uprising in Paris, which forced the proclamation of a Provisional Government and a Third Republic by general Trochu, Favre and Gambetta at Paris on 4 September, the new government calli...	Which empire was overthrown by a popular uprising in Paris?	{ "answer_start": [ 89 ], "text": [ "the Second Empire" ] }
570d6edcfed7b91900d460db	Franco-Prussian_War	When the news arrived at Paris of the surrender at Sedan of Napoleon III and 80,000 men, the Second Empire was overthrown by a popular uprising in Paris, which forced the proclamation of a Provisional Government and a Third Republic by general Trochu, Favre and Gambetta at Paris on 4 September, the new government calli...	The uprising forced a proclamation of what?	{ "answer_start": [ 189 ], "text": [ "Provisional Government and a Third Republic" ] }
570d6edcfed7b91900d460dc	Franco-Prussian_War	When the news arrived at Paris of the surrender at Sedan of Napoleon III and 80,000 men, the Second Empire was overthrown by a popular uprising in Paris, which forced the proclamation of a Provisional Government and a Third Republic by general Trochu, Favre and Gambetta at Paris on 4 September, the new government calli...	How did the new government refer to itself?	{ "answer_start": [ 334 ], "text": [ "Government of National Defence" ] }
570d6edcfed7b91900d460dd	Franco-Prussian_War	When the news arrived at Paris of the surrender at Sedan of Napoleon III and 80,000 men, the Second Empire was overthrown by a popular uprising in Paris, which forced the proclamation of a Provisional Government and a Third Republic by general Trochu, Favre and Gambetta at Paris on 4 September, the new government calli...	Bismarck desired an early piece but lacked what in the negotiation process?	{ "answer_start": [ 601 ], "text": [ "a legitimate French authority" ] }
570d7002b3d812140066d931	Franco-Prussian_War	A series of swift Prussian and German victories in eastern France, culminating in the Siege of Metz and the Battle of Sedan, saw the army of the Second Empire decisively defeated (Napoleon III had been captured at Sedan on 2 September). A Government of National Defence declared the Third Republic in Paris on 4 Septembe...	A series of Prussian and German victories took place in what part of France?	{ "answer_start": [ 51 ], "text": [ "eastern France" ] }
570d7002b3d812140066d932	Franco-Prussian_War	A series of swift Prussian and German victories in eastern France, culminating in the Siege of Metz and the Battle of Sedan, saw the army of the Second Empire decisively defeated (Napoleon III had been captured at Sedan on 2 September). A Government of National Defence declared the Third Republic in Paris on 4 Septembe...	What seige did these victories lead to?	{ "answer_start": [ 86 ], "text": [ "Siege of Metz" ] }
570d7002b3d812140066d933	Franco-Prussian_War	A series of swift Prussian and German victories in eastern France, culminating in the Siege of Metz and the Battle of Sedan, saw the army of the Second Empire decisively defeated (Napoleon III had been captured at Sedan on 2 September). A Government of National Defence declared the Third Republic in Paris on 4 Septembe...	What battle was a result of the Prussian and German victories in eastern France?	{ "answer_start": [ 108 ], "text": [ "Battle of Sedan" ] }
570d7002b3d812140066d934	Franco-Prussian_War	A series of swift Prussian and German victories in eastern France, culminating in the Siege of Metz and the Battle of Sedan, saw the army of the Second Empire decisively defeated (Napoleon III had been captured at Sedan on 2 September). A Government of National Defence declared the Third Republic in Paris on 4 Septembe...	Which army definitively defeated Napolean III?	{ "answer_start": [ 129 ], "text": [ "the army of the Second Empire" ] }
570d7002b3d812140066d935	Franco-Prussian_War	A series of swift Prussian and German victories in eastern France, culminating in the Siege of Metz and the Battle of Sedan, saw the army of the Second Empire decisively defeated (Napoleon III had been captured at Sedan on 2 September). A Government of National Defence declared the Third Republic in Paris on 4 Septembe...	On what date did the Government of National Defence declare the the Third Republic in Paris?	{ "answer_start": [ 310 ], "text": [ "4 September" ] }
570d7143fed7b91900d46113	Franco-Prussian_War	Some historians argue that Napoleon III also sought war, particularly for the diplomatic defeat in 1866 in leveraging any benefits from the Austro-Prussian War, and he believed he would win a conflict with Prussia. They also argue that he wanted a war to resolve growing domestic political problems. Other historians, no...	Some historians counter that Napolean III sought what?	{ "answer_start": [ 52 ], "text": [ "war" ] }
570d7143fed7b91900d46114	Franco-Prussian_War	Some historians argue that Napoleon III also sought war, particularly for the diplomatic defeat in 1866 in leveraging any benefits from the Austro-Prussian War, and he believed he would win a conflict with Prussia. They also argue that he wanted a war to resolve growing domestic political problems. Other historians, no...	Napoleon III belived he would win the Astro-Prussian war and win a conflict with what country?	{ "answer_start": [ 206 ], "text": [ "Prussia" ] }
570d7143fed7b91900d46115	Franco-Prussian_War	Some historians argue that Napoleon III also sought war, particularly for the diplomatic defeat in 1866 in leveraging any benefits from the Austro-Prussian War, and he believed he would win a conflict with Prussia. They also argue that he wanted a war to resolve growing domestic political problems. Other historians, no...	It is also argued that Napoleon III thought a war would resolve the growing issue of what?	{ "answer_start": [ 271 ], "text": [ "domestic political problems" ] }
570d7143fed7b91900d46116	Franco-Prussian_War	Some historians argue that Napoleon III also sought war, particularly for the diplomatic defeat in 1866 in leveraging any benefits from the Austro-Prussian War, and he believed he would win a conflict with Prussia. They also argue that he wanted a war to resolve growing domestic political problems. Other historians, no...	Before the war, French voters overwhelming supported what program of Napoleon III?	{ "answer_start": [ 479 ], "text": [ "a national plebiscite" ] }
570d7143fed7b91900d46117	Franco-Prussian_War	Some historians argue that Napoleon III also sought war, particularly for the diplomatic defeat in 1866 in leveraging any benefits from the Austro-Prussian War, and he believed he would win a conflict with Prussia. They also argue that he wanted a war to resolve growing domestic political problems. Other historians, no...	Who proposed that Emperor needed no war to increase his public appeal?	{ "answer_start": [ 653 ], "text": [ "Milza" ] }
570d724bfed7b91900d46127	Franco-Prussian_War	To relieve pressure from the expected German attack into Alsace-Lorraine, Napoleon III and the French high command planned a seaborne invasion of northern Germany as soon as war began. The French expected the invasion to divert German troops and to encourage Denmark to join in the war, with its 50,000-strong army and t...	What did Napoleon III plan to relieve pressure from an expected German attack?	{ "answer_start": [ 134 ], "text": [ "invasion of northern Germany" ] }
570d724bfed7b91900d46128	Franco-Prussian_War	To relieve pressure from the expected German attack into Alsace-Lorraine, Napoleon III and the French high command planned a seaborne invasion of northern Germany as soon as war began. The French expected the invasion to divert German troops and to encourage Denmark to join in the war, with its 50,000-strong army and t...	What country were the French hoping to be allied with?	{ "answer_start": [ 259 ], "text": [ "Denmark" ] }
570d724bfed7b91900d46129	Franco-Prussian_War	To relieve pressure from the expected German attack into Alsace-Lorraine, Napoleon III and the French high command planned a seaborne invasion of northern Germany as soon as war began. The French expected the invasion to divert German troops and to encourage Denmark to join in the war, with its 50,000-strong army and t...	What military strength could Denmark to France in a war?	{ "answer_start": [ 319 ], "text": [ "the Royal Danish Navy" ] }
570d724bfed7b91900d4612a	Franco-Prussian_War	To relieve pressure from the expected German attack into Alsace-Lorraine, Napoleon III and the French high command planned a seaborne invasion of northern Germany as soon as war began. The French expected the invasion to divert German troops and to encourage Denmark to join in the war, with its 50,000-strong army and t...	What had Prussia been discovered building around big north German ports?	{ "answer_start": [ 392 ], "text": [ "defences" ] }
570d724bfed7b91900d4612b	Franco-Prussian_War	To relieve pressure from the expected German attack into Alsace-Lorraine, Napoleon III and the French high command planned a seaborne invasion of northern Germany as soon as war began. The French expected the invasion to divert German troops and to encourage Denmark to join in the war, with its 50,000-strong army and t...	What did the French navy lack in engaging coastal defenses?	{ "answer_start": [ 617 ], "text": [ "heavy guns" ] }

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