id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 442
values | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 270 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
571007ebb654c5140001f758 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Several states have never had capital punishment, the first being Michigan, which abolished it shortly after entering the Union. (However, the United States government executed Tony Chebatoris at the Federal Correctional Institution in Milan, Michigan in 1938.) Article 4, Section 46 of Michigan's fourth Constitution (r... | When was Michigan's fourth Constitution ratified? | {
"answer_start": [
331
],
"text": [
"1963"
]
} |
571007ebb654c5140001f759 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Several states have never had capital punishment, the first being Michigan, which abolished it shortly after entering the Union. (However, the United States government executed Tony Chebatoris at the Federal Correctional Institution in Milan, Michigan in 1938.) Article 4, Section 46 of Michigan's fourth Constitution (r... | In what city was Tony Chebatoris executed? | {
"answer_start": [
236
],
"text": [
"Milan"
]
} |
571007ebb654c5140001f75a | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Several states have never had capital punishment, the first being Michigan, which abolished it shortly after entering the Union. (However, the United States government executed Tony Chebatoris at the Federal Correctional Institution in Milan, Michigan in 1938.) Article 4, Section 46 of Michigan's fourth Constitution (r... | In what year was there a failed Michigan constitutional amendment to allow the death penalty? | {
"answer_start": [
459
],
"text": [
"2004"
]
} |
571007ebb654c5140001f75b | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Several states have never had capital punishment, the first being Michigan, which abolished it shortly after entering the Union. (However, the United States government executed Tony Chebatoris at the Federal Correctional Institution in Milan, Michigan in 1938.) Article 4, Section 46 of Michigan's fourth Constitution (r... | What article of the fourth Michigan Constitution forbids laws allowing capital punishment? | {
"answer_start": [
270
],
"text": [
"4"
]
} |
5710088bb654c5140001f76b | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | The method of execution of federal prisoners for offenses under the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 is that of the state in which the conviction took place. If the state has no death penalty, the judge must choose a state with the death penalty for carrying out the execution. For offenses under th... | Under what federal statute are offenses punished by lethal injection? | {
"answer_start": [
322
],
"text": [
"Drug Kingpin Act of 1988"
]
} |
5710088bb654c5140001f76c | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | The method of execution of federal prisoners for offenses under the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 is that of the state in which the conviction took place. If the state has no death penalty, the judge must choose a state with the death penalty for carrying out the execution. For offenses under th... | According to what law are federal prisoners executed according to the procedures in place in the state in which they were convicted? | {
"answer_start": [
68
],
"text": [
"Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994"
]
} |
5710088bb654c5140001f76e | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | The method of execution of federal prisoners for offenses under the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 is that of the state in which the conviction took place. If the state has no death penalty, the judge must choose a state with the death penalty for carrying out the execution. For offenses under th... | In what month and year was Juan Garza executed? | {
"answer_start": [
747
],
"text": [
"June 2001"
]
} |
5710088bb654c5140001f76f | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | The method of execution of federal prisoners for offenses under the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 is that of the state in which the conviction took place. If the state has no death penalty, the judge must choose a state with the death penalty for carrying out the execution. For offenses under th... | Who was executed by the federal government on March 18, 2003? | {
"answer_start": [
762
],
"text": [
"Louis Jones, Jr."
]
} |
5710088bb654c5140001f76d | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | The method of execution of federal prisoners for offenses under the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 is that of the state in which the conviction took place. If the state has no death penalty, the judge must choose a state with the death penalty for carrying out the execution. For offenses under th... | In what state is the Federal Correctional Complex in Terre Haute? | {
"answer_start": [
442
],
"text": [
"Indiana"
]
} |
571008eab654c5140001f775 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | In October 2009, the American Law Institute voted to disavow the framework for capital punishment that it had created in 1962, as part of the Model Penal Code, "in light of the current intractable institutional and structural obstacles to ensuring a minimally adequate system for administering capital punishment." A stu... | In what year did the American Law Institute create a death penalty framework for the Model Penal Code? | {
"answer_start": [
121
],
"text": [
"1962"
]
} |
571008eab654c5140001f776 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | In October 2009, the American Law Institute voted to disavow the framework for capital punishment that it had created in 1962, as part of the Model Penal Code, "in light of the current intractable institutional and structural obstacles to ensuring a minimally adequate system for administering capital punishment." A stu... | In what year did the American Law Institute change their mind about their contribution on the death penalty to the Model Penal Code? | {
"answer_start": [
11
],
"text": [
"2009"
]
} |
571008eab654c5140001f777 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | In October 2009, the American Law Institute voted to disavow the framework for capital punishment that it had created in 1962, as part of the Model Penal Code, "in light of the current intractable institutional and structural obstacles to ensuring a minimally adequate system for administering capital punishment." A stu... | What goal did the ALI's study say could not be reconciled with the goal of individualized execution decisions? | {
"answer_start": [
476
],
"text": [
"systemic fairness for minorities"
]
} |
57100a7fb654c5140001f78f | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | In 1977, the Supreme Court's Coker v. Georgia decision barred the death penalty for rape of an adult woman, and implied that the death penalty was inappropriate for any offense against another person other than murder. Prior to the decision, the death penalty for rape of an adult had been gradually phased out in the Un... | In what year was Coker v. Georgia decided? | {
"answer_start": [
3
],
"text": [
"1977"
]
} |
57100a7fb654c5140001f790 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | In 1977, the Supreme Court's Coker v. Georgia decision barred the death penalty for rape of an adult woman, and implied that the death penalty was inappropriate for any offense against another person other than murder. Prior to the decision, the death penalty for rape of an adult had been gradually phased out in the Un... | For what offense did Coker v. Georgia forbid the death penalty? | {
"answer_start": [
84
],
"text": [
"rape of an adult woman"
]
} |
57100a7fb654c5140001f791 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | In 1977, the Supreme Court's Coker v. Georgia decision barred the death penalty for rape of an adult woman, and implied that the death penalty was inappropriate for any offense against another person other than murder. Prior to the decision, the death penalty for rape of an adult had been gradually phased out in the Un... | Along with Georgia, what American jurisdiction allowed people to be executed for the rape of an adult prior to Coker? | {
"answer_start": [
395
],
"text": [
"U.S. Federal government"
]
} |
57100a7fb654c5140001f792 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | In 1977, the Supreme Court's Coker v. Georgia decision barred the death penalty for rape of an adult woman, and implied that the death penalty was inappropriate for any offense against another person other than murder. Prior to the decision, the death penalty for rape of an adult had been gradually phased out in the Un... | What ruling forbid the government from executing child rapists? | {
"answer_start": [
670
],
"text": [
"Kennedy v. Louisiana"
]
} |
57100a7fb654c5140001f793 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | In 1977, the Supreme Court's Coker v. Georgia decision barred the death penalty for rape of an adult woman, and implied that the death penalty was inappropriate for any offense against another person other than murder. Prior to the decision, the death penalty for rape of an adult had been gradually phased out in the Un... | Prior to Kennedy v. Louisiana, how many states criminalized child rape? | {
"answer_start": [
512
],
"text": [
"three"
]
} |
57100c99a58dae1900cd6810 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Four states in the modern era, Nebraska in 2008, New York and Kansas in 2004, and Massachusetts in 1984, had their statutes ruled unconstitutional by state courts. The death rows of New York and Massachusetts were disestablished, and attempts to restore the death penalty were unsuccessful. Kansas successfully appealed ... | In what year was Nebraska's death penalty statute ruled unconstitutional by a state court? | {
"answer_start": [
43
],
"text": [
"2008"
]
} |
57100c99a58dae1900cd6811 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Four states in the modern era, Nebraska in 2008, New York and Kansas in 2004, and Massachusetts in 1984, had their statutes ruled unconstitutional by state courts. The death rows of New York and Massachusetts were disestablished, and attempts to restore the death penalty were unsuccessful. Kansas successfully appealed ... | What state's court ruled capital punishment unconstitutional in 1984? | {
"answer_start": [
82
],
"text": [
"Massachusetts"
]
} |
57100c99a58dae1900cd6812 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Four states in the modern era, Nebraska in 2008, New York and Kansas in 2004, and Massachusetts in 1984, had their statutes ruled unconstitutional by state courts. The death rows of New York and Massachusetts were disestablished, and attempts to restore the death penalty were unsuccessful. Kansas successfully appealed ... | In what case did the Kansas Supreme Court rule that the death penalty is unconstitutional in Kansas? | {
"answer_start": [
320
],
"text": [
"State v. Kleypas"
]
} |
57100c99a58dae1900cd6813 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Four states in the modern era, Nebraska in 2008, New York and Kansas in 2004, and Massachusetts in 1984, had their statutes ruled unconstitutional by state courts. The death rows of New York and Massachusetts were disestablished, and attempts to restore the death penalty were unsuccessful. Kansas successfully appealed ... | What method of execution did the Nebraska Supreme Court rule unconstitutional? | {
"answer_start": [
578
],
"text": [
"electrocution"
]
} |
57100c99a58dae1900cd6814 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Four states in the modern era, Nebraska in 2008, New York and Kansas in 2004, and Massachusetts in 1984, had their statutes ruled unconstitutional by state courts. The death rows of New York and Massachusetts were disestablished, and attempts to restore the death penalty were unsuccessful. Kansas successfully appealed ... | After electrocution was outlawed, how were Nebraska death row inmates executed? | {
"answer_start": [
724
],
"text": [
"lethal injection"
]
} |
57100ee5a58dae1900cd6836 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | In the 2010s, American jurisdictions have experienced a shortage of lethal injection drugs, due to anti-death penalty advocacy and low production volume. Hospira, the only U.S. manufacturer of sodium thiopental, stopped making the drug in 2011. The European Union has outlawed the export of any product that could be use... | What death penalty drug ceased to be manufactured in 2011? | {
"answer_start": [
193
],
"text": [
"sodium thiopental"
]
} |
57100ee5a58dae1900cd6837 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | In the 2010s, American jurisdictions have experienced a shortage of lethal injection drugs, due to anti-death penalty advocacy and low production volume. Hospira, the only U.S. manufacturer of sodium thiopental, stopped making the drug in 2011. The European Union has outlawed the export of any product that could be use... | Up until 2011, who manufactured sodium thiopental? | {
"answer_start": [
154
],
"text": [
"Hospira"
]
} |
57100ee5a58dae1900cd6838 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | In the 2010s, American jurisdictions have experienced a shortage of lethal injection drugs, due to anti-death penalty advocacy and low production volume. Hospira, the only U.S. manufacturer of sodium thiopental, stopped making the drug in 2011. The European Union has outlawed the export of any product that could be use... | What is the nationality of the company that makes pentobarbital? | {
"answer_start": [
577
],
"text": [
"Danish"
]
} |
57100ee5a58dae1900cd6839 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | In the 2010s, American jurisdictions have experienced a shortage of lethal injection drugs, due to anti-death penalty advocacy and low production volume. Hospira, the only U.S. manufacturer of sodium thiopental, stopped making the drug in 2011. The European Union has outlawed the export of any product that could be use... | Along with anti-death penalty advocacy, why has there been a shortage in drugs for lethal injections in the United States? | {
"answer_start": [
131
],
"text": [
"low production volume"
]
} |
57100ee5a58dae1900cd683a | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | In the 2010s, American jurisdictions have experienced a shortage of lethal injection drugs, due to anti-death penalty advocacy and low production volume. Hospira, the only U.S. manufacturer of sodium thiopental, stopped making the drug in 2011. The European Union has outlawed the export of any product that could be use... | The EU outlawed the export of products that could be used in what activity? | {
"answer_start": [
328
],
"text": [
"execution"
]
} |
57100f64a58dae1900cd6840 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | As noted in the introduction to this article, the American public has maintained its position of support for capital punishment for murder. However, when given a choice between the death penalty and life imprisonment without parole, support has traditionally been significantly lower than polling which has only mentione... | In what year did the most polled American support capital punishment? | {
"answer_start": [
644
],
"text": [
"1994"
]
} |
57100f64a58dae1900cd6841 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | As noted in the introduction to this article, the American public has maintained its position of support for capital punishment for murder. However, when given a choice between the death penalty and life imprisonment without parole, support has traditionally been significantly lower than polling which has only mentione... | What percentage of polled Americans opposed the death penalty in 1966? | {
"answer_start": [
719
],
"text": [
"47"
]
} |
57100f64a58dae1900cd6842 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | As noted in the introduction to this article, the American public has maintained its position of support for capital punishment for murder. However, when given a choice between the death penalty and life imprisonment without parole, support has traditionally been significantly lower than polling which has only mentione... | In a 1977 poll, what percentage of respondents preferred life imprisonment to the death penalty? | {
"answer_start": [
873
],
"text": [
"29"
]
} |
57100f64a58dae1900cd6843 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | As noted in the introduction to this article, the American public has maintained its position of support for capital punishment for murder. However, when given a choice between the death penalty and life imprisonment without parole, support has traditionally been significantly lower than polling which has only mentione... | In a 2006 poll, what percentage of polled Americans preferred the death penalty to life without parole? | {
"answer_start": [
952
],
"text": [
"47"
]
} |
57101004b654c5140001f799 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Other capital crimes include: the use of a weapon of mass destruction resulting in death, espionage, terrorism, certain violations of the Geneva Conventions that result in the death of one or more persons, and treason at the federal level; aggravated rape in Louisiana, Florida, and Oklahoma; extortionate kidnapping in ... | What is a notable capital crime in Louisiana? | {
"answer_start": [
240
],
"text": [
"aggravated rape"
]
} |
57101004b654c5140001f79a | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Other capital crimes include: the use of a weapon of mass destruction resulting in death, espionage, terrorism, certain violations of the Geneva Conventions that result in the death of one or more persons, and treason at the federal level; aggravated rape in Louisiana, Florida, and Oklahoma; extortionate kidnapping in ... | In what state is extortionate kidnapping a capital offense? | {
"answer_start": [
320
],
"text": [
"Oklahoma"
]
} |
57101004b654c5140001f79b | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Other capital crimes include: the use of a weapon of mass destruction resulting in death, espionage, terrorism, certain violations of the Geneva Conventions that result in the death of one or more persons, and treason at the federal level; aggravated rape in Louisiana, Florida, and Oklahoma; extortionate kidnapping in ... | Along with Alabama, where is hijacking an aircraft a death penalty offense? | {
"answer_start": [
434
],
"text": [
"Mississippi"
]
} |
57101004b654c5140001f79c | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Other capital crimes include: the use of a weapon of mass destruction resulting in death, espionage, terrorism, certain violations of the Geneva Conventions that result in the death of one or more persons, and treason at the federal level; aggravated rape in Louisiana, Florida, and Oklahoma; extortionate kidnapping in ... | In what state is armed robbery a capital crime? | {
"answer_start": [
514
],
"text": [
"Georgia"
]
} |
57101004b654c5140001f79d | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Other capital crimes include: the use of a weapon of mass destruction resulting in death, espionage, terrorism, certain violations of the Geneva Conventions that result in the death of one or more persons, and treason at the federal level; aggravated rape in Louisiana, Florida, and Oklahoma; extortionate kidnapping in ... | In what states is perjury leading to death a capital offense? | {
"answer_start": [
677
],
"text": [
"California, Colorado, Idaho and Nebraska"
]
} |
571010b6a58dae1900cd6852 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | In a five-to-four decision, the Supreme Court struck down the impositions of the death penalty in each of the consolidated cases as unconstitutional. The five justices in the majority did not produce a common opinion or rationale for their decision, however, and agreed only on a short statement announcing the result. T... | Along with Marshall, who believed that the Eighth Amendment forbade the death penalty? | {
"answer_start": [
709
],
"text": [
"William J. Brennan, Jr."
]
} |
571010b6a58dae1900cd6853 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | In a five-to-four decision, the Supreme Court struck down the impositions of the death penalty in each of the consolidated cases as unconstitutional. The five justices in the majority did not produce a common opinion or rationale for their decision, however, and agreed only on a short statement announcing the result. T... | Along with Stewart, what Supreme Court justice was concerned about racial disparity in death penalty enforcement? | {
"answer_start": [
584
],
"text": [
"William O. Douglas"
]
} |
571010b6a58dae1900cd6854 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | In a five-to-four decision, the Supreme Court struck down the impositions of the death penalty in each of the consolidated cases as unconstitutional. The five justices in the majority did not produce a common opinion or rationale for their decision, however, and agreed only on a short statement announcing the result. T... | Aside from Stewart, what justice believed that the death penalty could be constitutional? | {
"answer_start": [
352
],
"text": [
"Byron White"
]
} |
57101113a58dae1900cd6858 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | In total, 156 prisoners have been either acquitted, or received pardons or commutations on the basis of possible innocence, between 1973 to 2015. Death penalty opponents often argue that this statistic shows how perilously close states have come to undertaking wrongful executions; proponents point out that the statisti... | Between 1973 and 2015, how amny prisoners were acquitted or received pardons or commutations of their death sentences due to possible innocence? | {
"answer_start": [
10
],
"text": [
"156"
]
} |
57101180b654c5140001f7ad | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | The death penalty is sought and applied more often in some jurisdictions, not only between states but within states. A 2004 Cornell University study showed that while 2.5 percent of murderers convicted nationwide were sentenced to the death penalty, in Nevada 6 percent were given the death penalty. Texas gave 2 percent... | What percentage of murderers in the United States are given a death sentence? | {
"answer_start": [
167
],
"text": [
"2.5"
]
} |
57101180b654c5140001f7ae | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | The death penalty is sought and applied more often in some jurisdictions, not only between states but within states. A 2004 Cornell University study showed that while 2.5 percent of murderers convicted nationwide were sentenced to the death penalty, in Nevada 6 percent were given the death penalty. Texas gave 2 percent... | How many murderers in Nevada were given a capital sentence? | {
"answer_start": [
260
],
"text": [
"6"
]
} |
57101180b654c5140001f7af | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | The death penalty is sought and applied more often in some jurisdictions, not only between states but within states. A 2004 Cornell University study showed that while 2.5 percent of murderers convicted nationwide were sentenced to the death penalty, in Nevada 6 percent were given the death penalty. Texas gave 2 percent... | What state notably executes 40% of those given the death penalty? | {
"answer_start": [
384
],
"text": [
"Texas"
]
} |
57101180b654c5140001f7b1 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | The death penalty is sought and applied more often in some jurisdictions, not only between states but within states. A 2004 Cornell University study showed that while 2.5 percent of murderers convicted nationwide were sentenced to the death penalty, in Nevada 6 percent were given the death penalty. Texas gave 2 percent... | How much higher is the rate of execution in Texas versus the national average? | {
"answer_start": [
456
],
"text": [
"four times"
]
} |
57101180b654c5140001f7b0 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | The death penalty is sought and applied more often in some jurisdictions, not only between states but within states. A 2004 Cornell University study showed that while 2.5 percent of murderers convicted nationwide were sentenced to the death penalty, in Nevada 6 percent were given the death penalty. Texas gave 2 percent... | What percentage of murderers in California are given the death penalty and subsequently executed? | {
"answer_start": [
530
],
"text": [
"1"
]
} |
57101271b654c5140001f7b7 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Congress acted defiantly toward the Supreme Court by passing the Drug Kingpin Act of 1988 and the Federal Death Penalty Act of 1994 that made roughly fifty crimes punishable by death, including crimes that do not always involve the death of someone. Such non-death capital offenses include treason, espionage (spying for... | Under the Drug Kingpin Act of 1988 and Federal Death Penalty Act of 1994, about how many crimes were punishable by death? | {
"answer_start": [
150
],
"text": [
"fifty"
]
} |
57101271b654c5140001f7b8 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Congress acted defiantly toward the Supreme Court by passing the Drug Kingpin Act of 1988 and the Federal Death Penalty Act of 1994 that made roughly fifty crimes punishable by death, including crimes that do not always involve the death of someone. Such non-death capital offenses include treason, espionage (spying for... | What body passed the Drug Kingpin Act of 1988? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Congress"
]
} |
57101271b654c5140001f7b9 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Congress acted defiantly toward the Supreme Court by passing the Drug Kingpin Act of 1988 and the Federal Death Penalty Act of 1994 that made roughly fifty crimes punishable by death, including crimes that do not always involve the death of someone. Such non-death capital offenses include treason, espionage (spying for... | What is another term for the act of spying for another country? | {
"answer_start": [
299
],
"text": [
"espionage"
]
} |
57101271b654c5140001f7ba | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Congress acted defiantly toward the Supreme Court by passing the Drug Kingpin Act of 1988 and the Federal Death Penalty Act of 1994 that made roughly fifty crimes punishable by death, including crimes that do not always involve the death of someone. Such non-death capital offenses include treason, espionage (spying for... | Along with treason and espionage, what non-death offense is still a federal capital crime? | {
"answer_start": [
343
],
"text": [
"high-level drug trafficking"
]
} |
571012cbb654c5140001f7bf | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Executions resumed on January 17, 1977, when Gary Gilmore went before a firing squad in Utah. But the pace was quite slow due to the use of litigation tactics which involved filing repeated writs of habeas corpus, which succeeded for many in delaying their actual execution for many years. Although hundreds of individua... | Who was executed on January 17, 1977? | {
"answer_start": [
45
],
"text": [
"Gary Gilmore"
]
} |
571012cbb654c5140001f7c0 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Executions resumed on January 17, 1977, when Gary Gilmore went before a firing squad in Utah. But the pace was quite slow due to the use of litigation tactics which involved filing repeated writs of habeas corpus, which succeeded for many in delaying their actual execution for many years. Although hundreds of individua... | By what method was Gary Gilmore executed? | {
"answer_start": [
72
],
"text": [
"firing squad"
]
} |
571012cbb654c5140001f7c2 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Executions resumed on January 17, 1977, when Gary Gilmore went before a firing squad in Utah. But the pace was quite slow due to the use of litigation tactics which involved filing repeated writs of habeas corpus, which succeeded for many in delaying their actual execution for many years. Although hundreds of individua... | Aside from Gary Gilmore, how many people were executed in the United States between January 17, 1977 and 1984? | {
"answer_start": [
407
],
"text": [
"ten"
]
} |
571012cbb654c5140001f7c3 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Executions resumed on January 17, 1977, when Gary Gilmore went before a firing squad in Utah. But the pace was quite slow due to the use of litigation tactics which involved filing repeated writs of habeas corpus, which succeeded for many in delaying their actual execution for many years. Although hundreds of individua... | What tactic did inmates on death row use to delay their executions? | {
"answer_start": [
174
],
"text": [
"filing repeated writs of habeas corpus"
]
} |
57101818a58dae1900cd6880 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | After the September 2011 execution of Troy Davis, believed by many to be innocent, Richard Dieter, the director of the Death Penalty Information Center, said this case was a clear wake-up call to politicians across the United States. He said: "They weren't expecting such passion from people in opposition to the death p... | In what month and year was Troy Davis executed? | {
"answer_start": [
10
],
"text": [
"September 2011"
]
} |
57101818a58dae1900cd6881 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | After the September 2011 execution of Troy Davis, believed by many to be innocent, Richard Dieter, the director of the Death Penalty Information Center, said this case was a clear wake-up call to politicians across the United States. He said: "They weren't expecting such passion from people in opposition to the death p... | Who was the Death Penalty Information Center director? | {
"answer_start": [
83
],
"text": [
"Richard Dieter"
]
} |
57101818a58dae1900cd6882 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | After the September 2011 execution of Troy Davis, believed by many to be innocent, Richard Dieter, the director of the Death Penalty Information Center, said this case was a clear wake-up call to politicians across the United States. He said: "They weren't expecting such passion from people in opposition to the death p... | What organization did Brian Evans work for? | {
"answer_start": [
515
],
"text": [
"Amnesty International"
]
} |
57101911b654c5140001f7dd | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Various methods have been used in the history of the American colonies and the United States but only five methods are currently used. Historically, burning, crushing, breaking on wheel, and bludgeoning were used for a small number of executions, while hanging was the most common method. The last person burned at the s... | How many execution methods are currently used in the United States? | {
"answer_start": [
102
],
"text": [
"five"
]
} |
57101911b654c5140001f7de | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Various methods have been used in the history of the American colonies and the United States but only five methods are currently used. Historically, burning, crushing, breaking on wheel, and bludgeoning were used for a small number of executions, while hanging was the most common method. The last person burned at the s... | What was the most common historical method of execution in the United States? | {
"answer_start": [
253
],
"text": [
"hanging"
]
} |
57101911b654c5140001f7df | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Various methods have been used in the history of the American colonies and the United States but only five methods are currently used. Historically, burning, crushing, breaking on wheel, and bludgeoning were used for a small number of executions, while hanging was the most common method. The last person burned at the s... | In what state did the last burning at the stake take place in the US? | {
"answer_start": [
346
],
"text": [
"South Carolina"
]
} |
57101911b654c5140001f7e0 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Various methods have been used in the history of the American colonies and the United States but only five methods are currently used. Historically, burning, crushing, breaking on wheel, and bludgeoning were used for a small number of executions, while hanging was the most common method. The last person burned at the s... | Who was the last person hanged in chains in the Untied States? | {
"answer_start": [
437
],
"text": [
"John Marshall"
]
} |
57101911b654c5140001f7e1 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Various methods have been used in the history of the American colonies and the United States but only five methods are currently used. Historically, burning, crushing, breaking on wheel, and bludgeoning were used for a small number of executions, while hanging was the most common method. The last person burned at the s... | When was execution by beheading ended in Utah? | {
"answer_start": [
545
],
"text": [
"1888"
]
} |
57101978b654c5140001f7e7 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | African Americans made up 41 percent of death row inmates while making up only 12.6 percent of the general population. (They have made up 34 percent of those actually executed since 1976.) However, that number is lower than that of prison inmates, which is 47 percent. According to the US Department of Justice, African ... | What percentage of American death row prisoners are African American? | {
"answer_start": [
26
],
"text": [
"41"
]
} |
57101978b654c5140001f7e8 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | African Americans made up 41 percent of death row inmates while making up only 12.6 percent of the general population. (They have made up 34 percent of those actually executed since 1976.) However, that number is lower than that of prison inmates, which is 47 percent. According to the US Department of Justice, African ... | What percentage of people executed in the United States since 1976 have been African American? | {
"answer_start": [
138
],
"text": [
"34"
]
} |
57101978b654c5140001f7e9 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | African Americans made up 41 percent of death row inmates while making up only 12.6 percent of the general population. (They have made up 34 percent of those actually executed since 1976.) However, that number is lower than that of prison inmates, which is 47 percent. According to the US Department of Justice, African ... | What percentage of American prison inmates are African American? | {
"answer_start": [
257
],
"text": [
"47"
]
} |
57101978b654c5140001f7ea | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | African Americans made up 41 percent of death row inmates while making up only 12.6 percent of the general population. (They have made up 34 percent of those actually executed since 1976.) However, that number is lower than that of prison inmates, which is 47 percent. According to the US Department of Justice, African ... | What percentage of homicides were committed by Asians between 1980 and 2008? | {
"answer_start": [
441
],
"text": [
"2.2%"
]
} |
57101978b654c5140001f7eb | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | African Americans made up 41 percent of death row inmates while making up only 12.6 percent of the general population. (They have made up 34 percent of those actually executed since 1976.) However, that number is lower than that of prison inmates, which is 47 percent. According to the US Department of Justice, African ... | What percentage of the American population is Hispanic? | {
"answer_start": [
840
],
"text": [
"17.4%"
]
} |
571019eab654c5140001f7f1 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | The legal administration of the death penalty in the United States is complex. Typically, it involves four critical steps: (1) sentencing, (2) direct review, (3) state collateral review, and (4) federal habeas corpus. Recently, a narrow and final fifth level of process – (5) the Section 1983 challenge – has become incr... | In the United States, how many important steps are usually present in the administration of capital punishment? | {
"answer_start": [
102
],
"text": [
"four"
]
} |
571019eab654c5140001f7f2 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | The legal administration of the death penalty in the United States is complex. Typically, it involves four critical steps: (1) sentencing, (2) direct review, (3) state collateral review, and (4) federal habeas corpus. Recently, a narrow and final fifth level of process – (5) the Section 1983 challenge – has become incr... | Along with the President, what officeholder can issue pardons? | {
"answer_start": [
379
],
"text": [
"Governor"
]
} |
571019eab654c5140001f7f3 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | The legal administration of the death penalty in the United States is complex. Typically, it involves four critical steps: (1) sentencing, (2) direct review, (3) state collateral review, and (4) federal habeas corpus. Recently, a narrow and final fifth level of process – (5) the Section 1983 challenge – has become incr... | How many death sentences were issued in the period 1995-1996? | {
"answer_start": [
589
],
"text": [
"309"
]
} |
571019eab654c5140001f7f4 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | The legal administration of the death penalty in the United States is complex. Typically, it involves four critical steps: (1) sentencing, (2) direct review, (3) state collateral review, and (4) federal habeas corpus. Recently, a narrow and final fifth level of process – (5) the Section 1983 challenge – has become incr... | How many capital sentences were given in 1973? | {
"answer_start": [
680
],
"text": [
"44"
]
} |
571019eab654c5140001f7f5 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | The legal administration of the death penalty in the United States is complex. Typically, it involves four critical steps: (1) sentencing, (2) direct review, (3) state collateral review, and (4) federal habeas corpus. Recently, a narrow and final fifth level of process – (5) the Section 1983 challenge – has become incr... | In what year were there 73 death penalty convictions? | {
"answer_start": [
644
],
"text": [
"2014"
]
} |
571020f7b654c5140001f81e | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | All of the executions which have taken place since the 1936 hanging of Bethea in Owensboro have been conducted within a wall or enclosure. For example, Fred Adams was legally hanged in Kennett, Missouri, on April 2, 1937, within a 10-foot (3 m) wooden stockade. Roscoe "Red" Jackson was hanged within a stockade in Galen... | On what date was Fred Adams hanged? | {
"answer_start": [
207
],
"text": [
"April 2, 1937"
]
} |
571020f7b654c5140001f81d | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | All of the executions which have taken place since the 1936 hanging of Bethea in Owensboro have been conducted within a wall or enclosure. For example, Fred Adams was legally hanged in Kennett, Missouri, on April 2, 1937, within a 10-foot (3 m) wooden stockade. Roscoe "Red" Jackson was hanged within a stockade in Galen... | Where was Bethea hanged? | {
"answer_start": [
81
],
"text": [
"Owensboro"
]
} |
571020f7b654c5140001f820 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | All of the executions which have taken place since the 1936 hanging of Bethea in Owensboro have been conducted within a wall or enclosure. For example, Fred Adams was legally hanged in Kennett, Missouri, on April 2, 1937, within a 10-foot (3 m) wooden stockade. Roscoe "Red" Jackson was hanged within a stockade in Galen... | What was Roscoe Jackson's nickname? | {
"answer_start": [
270
],
"text": [
"Red"
]
} |
571020f7b654c5140001f81f | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | All of the executions which have taken place since the 1936 hanging of Bethea in Owensboro have been conducted within a wall or enclosure. For example, Fred Adams was legally hanged in Kennett, Missouri, on April 2, 1937, within a 10-foot (3 m) wooden stockade. Roscoe "Red" Jackson was hanged within a stockade in Galen... | In what state did the hanging of Adams take place? | {
"answer_start": [
194
],
"text": [
"Missouri"
]
} |
571020f7b654c5140001f821 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | All of the executions which have taken place since the 1936 hanging of Bethea in Owensboro have been conducted within a wall or enclosure. For example, Fred Adams was legally hanged in Kennett, Missouri, on April 2, 1937, within a 10-foot (3 m) wooden stockade. Roscoe "Red" Jackson was hanged within a stockade in Galen... | How many people witnessed Timothy McVeigh's execution? | {
"answer_start": [
786
],
"text": [
"300"
]
} |
5710218bb654c5140001f827 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | James Liebman, a professor of law at Columbia Law School, stated in 1996 that his study found that when habeas corpus petitions in death penalty cases were traced from conviction to completion of the case that there was "a 40 percent success rate in all capital cases from 1978 to 1995." Similarly, a study by Ronald Tab... | What institution does James Liebman work for? | {
"answer_start": [
37
],
"text": [
"Columbia Law School"
]
} |
5710218bb654c5140001f828 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | James Liebman, a professor of law at Columbia Law School, stated in 1996 that his study found that when habeas corpus petitions in death penalty cases were traced from conviction to completion of the case that there was "a 40 percent success rate in all capital cases from 1978 to 1995." Similarly, a study by Ronald Tab... | What does James Liebman teach? | {
"answer_start": [
30
],
"text": [
"law"
]
} |
5710218bb654c5140001f829 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | James Liebman, a professor of law at Columbia Law School, stated in 1996 that his study found that when habeas corpus petitions in death penalty cases were traced from conviction to completion of the case that there was "a 40 percent success rate in all capital cases from 1978 to 1995." Similarly, a study by Ronald Tab... | According to Liebman, about what percentage of death penalty habeas corpus petitions were successful between 1978 and 1995? | {
"answer_start": [
223
],
"text": [
"40"
]
} |
5710218bb654c5140001f82a | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | James Liebman, a professor of law at Columbia Law School, stated in 1996 that his study found that when habeas corpus petitions in death penalty cases were traced from conviction to completion of the case that there was "a 40 percent success rate in all capital cases from 1978 to 1995." Similarly, a study by Ronald Tab... | According to Tabak, what percentage of habeas corpus petitions were granted to death row inmates between 1976 and 1991? | {
"answer_start": [
484
],
"text": [
"47"
]
} |
5710218bb654c5140001f82b | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | James Liebman, a professor of law at Columbia Law School, stated in 1996 that his study found that when habeas corpus petitions in death penalty cases were traced from conviction to completion of the case that there was "a 40 percent success rate in all capital cases from 1978 to 1995." Similarly, a study by Ronald Tab... | In what year did Liebman announce his findings? | {
"answer_start": [
68
],
"text": [
"1996"
]
} |
571021d7a58dae1900cd68ce | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | The last use of the firing squad between 1608 and the moratorium on judicial executions between 1967 and 1977 was when Utah shot James W. Rodgers on March 30, 1960. The last use of the gallows between 1608 and the moratorium was when Kansas hanged George York on June 22, 1965. The last use of the electric chair between... | Who was executed on March 30, 1960? | {
"answer_start": [
129
],
"text": [
"James W. Rodgers"
]
} |
571021d7a58dae1900cd68cf | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | The last use of the firing squad between 1608 and the moratorium on judicial executions between 1967 and 1977 was when Utah shot James W. Rodgers on March 30, 1960. The last use of the gallows between 1608 and the moratorium was when Kansas hanged George York on June 22, 1965. The last use of the electric chair between... | What method of execution was used on James W. Rodgers? | {
"answer_start": [
20
],
"text": [
"firing squad"
]
} |
571021d7a58dae1900cd68d0 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | The last use of the firing squad between 1608 and the moratorium on judicial executions between 1967 and 1977 was when Utah shot James W. Rodgers on March 30, 1960. The last use of the gallows between 1608 and the moratorium was when Kansas hanged George York on June 22, 1965. The last use of the electric chair between... | In what state was Rodgers executed? | {
"answer_start": [
119
],
"text": [
"Utah"
]
} |
571021d7a58dae1900cd68d1 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | The last use of the firing squad between 1608 and the moratorium on judicial executions between 1967 and 1977 was when Utah shot James W. Rodgers on March 30, 1960. The last use of the gallows between 1608 and the moratorium was when Kansas hanged George York on June 22, 1965. The last use of the electric chair between... | On what date was George York executed? | {
"answer_start": [
263
],
"text": [
"June 22, 1965"
]
} |
571021d7a58dae1900cd68d2 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | The last use of the firing squad between 1608 and the moratorium on judicial executions between 1967 and 1977 was when Utah shot James W. Rodgers on March 30, 1960. The last use of the gallows between 1608 and the moratorium was when Kansas hanged George York on June 22, 1965. The last use of the electric chair between... | Which state executed James French? | {
"answer_start": [
391
],
"text": [
"Oklahoma"
]
} |
5710224aa58dae1900cd68d8 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Since 1642 (in the 13 colonies, the United States under the Articles of Confederation, and the current United States) an estimated 364 juvenile offenders have been put to death by the states and the federal government. The earliest known execution of a prisoner for crimes committed as a juvenile was Thomas Graunger in ... | About how many American juveniles have been executed since 1642? | {
"answer_start": [
131
],
"text": [
"364"
]
} |
5710224aa58dae1900cd68d9 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Since 1642 (in the 13 colonies, the United States under the Articles of Confederation, and the current United States) an estimated 364 juvenile offenders have been put to death by the states and the federal government. The earliest known execution of a prisoner for crimes committed as a juvenile was Thomas Graunger in ... | In what year was Thomas Graunger executed? | {
"answer_start": [
320
],
"text": [
"1642"
]
} |
5710224aa58dae1900cd68da | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Since 1642 (in the 13 colonies, the United States under the Articles of Confederation, and the current United States) an estimated 364 juvenile offenders have been put to death by the states and the federal government. The earliest known execution of a prisoner for crimes committed as a juvenile was Thomas Graunger in ... | Since 1976, how many Americans have been executed for crimes committed as juveniles? | {
"answer_start": [
326
],
"text": [
"Twenty-two"
]
} |
5710224aa58dae1900cd68db | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Since 1642 (in the 13 colonies, the United States under the Articles of Confederation, and the current United States) an estimated 364 juvenile offenders have been put to death by the states and the federal government. The earliest known execution of a prisoner for crimes committed as a juvenile was Thomas Graunger in ... | How old was George Stinney when he was executed? | {
"answer_start": [
643
],
"text": [
"14"
]
} |
5710224aa58dae1900cd68dc | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Since 1642 (in the 13 colonies, the United States under the Articles of Confederation, and the current United States) an estimated 364 juvenile offenders have been put to death by the states and the federal government. The earliest known execution of a prisoner for crimes committed as a juvenile was Thomas Graunger in ... | What method was used to execute Leonard Shockley? | {
"answer_start": [
754
],
"text": [
"gas chamber"
]
} |
571022aba58dae1900cd68e3 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | In May 2014, Oklahoma Director of Corrections, Robert Patton, recommended an indefinite hold on executions in the state after the botched execution of African-American Clayton Lockett. The prisoner had to be tasered to restrain him prior to the execution, and the lethal injection missed a vein in his groin, resulting i... | What state employed Robert Patton in May 2014? | {
"answer_start": [
13
],
"text": [
"Oklahoma"
]
} |
571022aba58dae1900cd68e2 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | In May 2014, Oklahoma Director of Corrections, Robert Patton, recommended an indefinite hold on executions in the state after the botched execution of African-American Clayton Lockett. The prisoner had to be tasered to restrain him prior to the execution, and the lethal injection missed a vein in his groin, resulting i... | As of May 2014, what was Robert Patton's job title? | {
"answer_start": [
22
],
"text": [
"Director of Corrections"
]
} |
571022aba58dae1900cd68e4 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | In May 2014, Oklahoma Director of Corrections, Robert Patton, recommended an indefinite hold on executions in the state after the botched execution of African-American Clayton Lockett. The prisoner had to be tasered to restrain him prior to the execution, and the lethal injection missed a vein in his groin, resulting i... | What race was Clayton Lockett? | {
"answer_start": [
151
],
"text": [
"African-American"
]
} |
571022aba58dae1900cd68e6 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | In May 2014, Oklahoma Director of Corrections, Robert Patton, recommended an indefinite hold on executions in the state after the botched execution of African-American Clayton Lockett. The prisoner had to be tasered to restrain him prior to the execution, and the lethal injection missed a vein in his groin, resulting i... | What gas did Oklahoma decide to use for executions in 2015? | {
"answer_start": [
515
],
"text": [
"nitrogen"
]
} |
571022aba58dae1900cd68e5 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | In May 2014, Oklahoma Director of Corrections, Robert Patton, recommended an indefinite hold on executions in the state after the botched execution of African-American Clayton Lockett. The prisoner had to be tasered to restrain him prior to the execution, and the lethal injection missed a vein in his groin, resulting i... | What was Clayton Lockett's cause of death? | {
"answer_start": [
405
],
"text": [
"heart attack"
]
} |
57102369a58dae1900cd68f6 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Opponents argue that the death penalty is not an effective means of deterring crime, risks the execution of the innocent, is unnecessarily barbaric in nature, cheapens human life, and puts a government on the same base moral level as those criminals involved in murder. Furthermore, some opponents argue that the arbitra... | Along with gender, geography and race, what bias do some opponents of the death penalty see in its administration? | {
"answer_start": [
395
],
"text": [
"socio-economic"
]
} |
57102369a58dae1900cd68f7 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Opponents argue that the death penalty is not an effective means of deterring crime, risks the execution of the innocent, is unnecessarily barbaric in nature, cheapens human life, and puts a government on the same base moral level as those criminals involved in murder. Furthermore, some opponents argue that the arbitra... | According to opponents of the death penalty, what does the death penalty cheapen? | {
"answer_start": [
168
],
"text": [
"human life"
]
} |
57102369a58dae1900cd68f8 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Opponents argue that the death penalty is not an effective means of deterring crime, risks the execution of the innocent, is unnecessarily barbaric in nature, cheapens human life, and puts a government on the same base moral level as those criminals involved in murder. Furthermore, some opponents argue that the arbitra... | According to death penalty opponents, on whose moral level does execution place the government? | {
"answer_start": [
240
],
"text": [
"criminals involved in murder"
]
} |
57102369a58dae1900cd68f9 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Opponents argue that the death penalty is not an effective means of deterring crime, risks the execution of the innocent, is unnecessarily barbaric in nature, cheapens human life, and puts a government on the same base moral level as those criminals involved in murder. Furthermore, some opponents argue that the arbitra... | What do death penalty opponents argue that capital punishment isn't effective at doing? | {
"answer_start": [
68
],
"text": [
"deterring crime"
]
} |
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