id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 442
values | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 270 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
5727b049ff5b5019007d92a1 | Hindu_philosophy | The emergence of Vedanta school represented a period when a more knowledge-centered understanding began to emerge. These focussed on jnana (knowledge) driven aspects of the Vedic religion and the Upanishads. This included metaphysical concepts such as ātman and Brahman, and emphasized meditation, self-discipline, self-... | Due to differences in text interpretations,into what did the Vedanta school separate? | {
"answer_start": [
509
],
"text": [
"many sub-schools"
]
} |
5727b049ff5b5019007d92a2 | Hindu_philosophy | The emergence of Vedanta school represented a period when a more knowledge-centered understanding began to emerge. These focussed on jnana (knowledge) driven aspects of the Vedic religion and the Upanishads. This included metaphysical concepts such as ātman and Brahman, and emphasized meditation, self-discipline, self-... | What metaphysical concepts were included in the Vedanta school? | {
"answer_start": [
252
],
"text": [
"ātman and Brahman"
]
} |
5727b4653acd2414000dea33 | Hindu_philosophy | According to this school of Vedanta, all reality is Brahman, and there exists nothing whatsoever which is not Brahman. Its metaphysics includes the concept of māyā and ātman. Māyā connotes "that which exists, but is constantly changing and thus is spiritually unreal". The empirical reality is considered as always chang... | According to a school of Vedanta, what is all reality? | {
"answer_start": [
52
],
"text": [
"Brahman"
]
} |
5727b4653acd2414000dea34 | Hindu_philosophy | According to this school of Vedanta, all reality is Brahman, and there exists nothing whatsoever which is not Brahman. Its metaphysics includes the concept of māyā and ātman. Māyā connotes "that which exists, but is constantly changing and thus is spiritually unreal". The empirical reality is considered as always chang... | What concepts of metaphysics are included in Vedanta? | {
"answer_start": [
159
],
"text": [
"māyā and ātman"
]
} |
5727b4653acd2414000dea35 | Hindu_philosophy | According to this school of Vedanta, all reality is Brahman, and there exists nothing whatsoever which is not Brahman. Its metaphysics includes the concept of māyā and ātman. Māyā connotes "that which exists, but is constantly changing and thus is spiritually unreal". The empirical reality is considered as always chang... | How is the reality of maya viewed in Vedanta? | {
"answer_start": [
308
],
"text": [
"always changing"
]
} |
5727b4653acd2414000dea36 | Hindu_philosophy | According to this school of Vedanta, all reality is Brahman, and there exists nothing whatsoever which is not Brahman. Its metaphysics includes the concept of māyā and ātman. Māyā connotes "that which exists, but is constantly changing and thus is spiritually unreal". The empirical reality is considered as always chang... | To what does the concept of atman refer? | {
"answer_start": [
433
],
"text": [
"soul"
]
} |
5727b4653acd2414000dea37 | Hindu_philosophy | According to this school of Vedanta, all reality is Brahman, and there exists nothing whatsoever which is not Brahman. Its metaphysics includes the concept of māyā and ātman. Māyā connotes "that which exists, but is constantly changing and thus is spiritually unreal". The empirical reality is considered as always chang... | To what do Advaita Vedantins view atman as the same? | {
"answer_start": [
530
],
"text": [
"Brahman"
]
} |
5727b61fff5b5019007d9320 | Hindu_philosophy | Ramanuja (c. 1037–1137) was the foremost proponent of the philosophy of Viśiṣṭādvaita or qualified non-dualism. Viśiṣṭādvaita advocated the concept of a Supreme Being with essential qualities or attributes. Viśiṣṭādvaitins argued against the Advaitin conception of Brahman as an impersonal empty oneness. They saw Brahma... | What is the philosophy of dualism? | {
"answer_start": [
72
],
"text": [
"Viśiṣṭādvaita"
]
} |
5727b61fff5b5019007d9321 | Hindu_philosophy | Ramanuja (c. 1037–1137) was the foremost proponent of the philosophy of Viśiṣṭādvaita or qualified non-dualism. Viśiṣṭādvaita advocated the concept of a Supreme Being with essential qualities or attributes. Viśiṣṭādvaitins argued against the Advaitin conception of Brahman as an impersonal empty oneness. They saw Brahma... | Who was the leader in pushing the philosophy of Visistadvaita? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Ramanuja"
]
} |
5727b61fff5b5019007d9322 | Hindu_philosophy | Ramanuja (c. 1037–1137) was the foremost proponent of the philosophy of Viśiṣṭādvaita or qualified non-dualism. Viśiṣṭādvaita advocated the concept of a Supreme Being with essential qualities or attributes. Viśiṣṭādvaitins argued against the Advaitin conception of Brahman as an impersonal empty oneness. They saw Brahma... | When did Ramanuja live? | {
"answer_start": [
10
],
"text": [
"c. 1037–1137"
]
} |
5727b61fff5b5019007d9323 | Hindu_philosophy | Ramanuja (c. 1037–1137) was the foremost proponent of the philosophy of Viśiṣṭādvaita or qualified non-dualism. Viśiṣṭādvaita advocated the concept of a Supreme Being with essential qualities or attributes. Viśiṣṭādvaitins argued against the Advaitin conception of Brahman as an impersonal empty oneness. They saw Brahma... | For the existence of what did the Visistadvaita philosophy argue? | {
"answer_start": [
153
],
"text": [
"Supreme Being"
]
} |
5727b61fff5b5019007d9324 | Hindu_philosophy | Ramanuja (c. 1037–1137) was the foremost proponent of the philosophy of Viśiṣṭādvaita or qualified non-dualism. Viśiṣṭādvaita advocated the concept of a Supreme Being with essential qualities or attributes. Viśiṣṭādvaitins argued against the Advaitin conception of Brahman as an impersonal empty oneness. They saw Brahma... | What being did Ramanuja believe was the personification of Brahman | {
"answer_start": [
676
],
"text": [
"Vishnu"
]
} |
5727b8d84b864d1900163b68 | Hindu_philosophy | Dvaita Vedanta is a dualistic interpretation of the Vedas, espouses dualism by theorizing the existence of two separate realities. The first and the only independent reality, states the Dvaita school, is that of Vishnu or Brahman. Vishnu is the supreme Self, in a manner similar to monotheistic God in other major religi... | Of what does Dvaita Vedanta theorize the existence? | {
"answer_start": [
107
],
"text": [
"two separate realities"
]
} |
5727b8d84b864d1900163b69 | Hindu_philosophy | Dvaita Vedanta is a dualistic interpretation of the Vedas, espouses dualism by theorizing the existence of two separate realities. The first and the only independent reality, states the Dvaita school, is that of Vishnu or Brahman. Vishnu is the supreme Self, in a manner similar to monotheistic God in other major religi... | To what entity is the Vedanta Vishnu similar in other religions? | {
"answer_start": [
282
],
"text": [
"monotheistic God"
]
} |
5727b8d84b864d1900163b6a | Hindu_philosophy | Dvaita Vedanta is a dualistic interpretation of the Vedas, espouses dualism by theorizing the existence of two separate realities. The first and the only independent reality, states the Dvaita school, is that of Vishnu or Brahman. Vishnu is the supreme Self, in a manner similar to monotheistic God in other major religi... | How is the God of Dvaita different from that of Advaita in actions? | {
"answer_start": [
425
],
"text": [
"takes on a personal role"
]
} |
5727b8d84b864d1900163b6b | Hindu_philosophy | Dvaita Vedanta is a dualistic interpretation of the Vedas, espouses dualism by theorizing the existence of two separate realities. The first and the only independent reality, states the Dvaita school, is that of Vishnu or Brahman. Vishnu is the supreme Self, in a manner similar to monotheistic God in other major religi... | As what did the Dvaita school view dualism? | {
"answer_start": [
830
],
"text": [
"permanent"
]
} |
5727b8d84b864d1900163b6c | Hindu_philosophy | Dvaita Vedanta is a dualistic interpretation of the Vedas, espouses dualism by theorizing the existence of two separate realities. The first and the only independent reality, states the Dvaita school, is that of Vishnu or Brahman. Vishnu is the supreme Self, in a manner similar to monotheistic God in other major religi... | Who did the Dvaita school identify as the Supreme Being? | {
"answer_start": [
682
],
"text": [
"Vishnu"
]
} |
5727ba9f4b864d1900163ba2 | Hindu_philosophy | Dvaitādvaita was proposed by Nimbarka, a 13th-century Vaishnava Philosopher from the Andhra region. According to this philosophy there are three categories of existence: Brahman, soul, and matter. Soul and matter are different from Brahman in that they have attributes and capacities different from Brahman. Brahman exis... | What early philosopher proposed Dvaitadvaita? | {
"answer_start": [
29
],
"text": [
"Nimbarka"
]
} |
5727ba9f4b864d1900163ba3 | Hindu_philosophy | Dvaitādvaita was proposed by Nimbarka, a 13th-century Vaishnava Philosopher from the Andhra region. According to this philosophy there are three categories of existence: Brahman, soul, and matter. Soul and matter are different from Brahman in that they have attributes and capacities different from Brahman. Brahman exis... | In what century did Nimbarka live? | {
"answer_start": [
41
],
"text": [
"13th-century"
]
} |
5727ba9f4b864d1900163ba4 | Hindu_philosophy | Dvaitādvaita was proposed by Nimbarka, a 13th-century Vaishnava Philosopher from the Andhra region. According to this philosophy there are three categories of existence: Brahman, soul, and matter. Soul and matter are different from Brahman in that they have attributes and capacities different from Brahman. Brahman exis... | How many categories of existence are there in Dvaitadvaita? | {
"answer_start": [
139
],
"text": [
"three"
]
} |
5727ba9f4b864d1900163ba5 | Hindu_philosophy | Dvaitādvaita was proposed by Nimbarka, a 13th-century Vaishnava Philosopher from the Andhra region. According to this philosophy there are three categories of existence: Brahman, soul, and matter. Soul and matter are different from Brahman in that they have attributes and capacities different from Brahman. Brahman exis... | What are the categories of existence in Dvaitadvaita? | {
"answer_start": [
170
],
"text": [
"Brahman, soul, and matter"
]
} |
5727ba9f4b864d1900163ba6 | Hindu_philosophy | Dvaitādvaita was proposed by Nimbarka, a 13th-century Vaishnava Philosopher from the Andhra region. According to this philosophy there are three categories of existence: Brahman, soul, and matter. Soul and matter are different from Brahman in that they have attributes and capacities different from Brahman. Brahman exis... | Who is named as the highest entity worshiped in Dvaitadvaita? | {
"answer_start": [
574
],
"text": [
"Krishna"
]
} |
5727bce03acd2414000deb01 | Hindu_philosophy | Early history of Shaivism is difficult to determine. However, the Śvetāśvatara Upanishad (400 – 200 BCE) is considered to be the earliest textual exposition of a systematic philosophy of Shaivism. Shaivism is represented by various philosophical schools, including non-dualist (abheda), dualist (bheda), and non-dualist-... | In what text is Shaivism recounted? | {
"answer_start": [
66
],
"text": [
"Śvetāśvatara Upanishad"
]
} |
5727bce03acd2414000deb02 | Hindu_philosophy | Early history of Shaivism is difficult to determine. However, the Śvetāśvatara Upanishad (400 – 200 BCE) is considered to be the earliest textual exposition of a systematic philosophy of Shaivism. Shaivism is represented by various philosophical schools, including non-dualist (abheda), dualist (bheda), and non-dualist-... | When was the text on Shaivism written? | {
"answer_start": [
90
],
"text": [
"400 – 200 BCE"
]
} |
5727bce03acd2414000deb03 | Hindu_philosophy | Early history of Shaivism is difficult to determine. However, the Śvetāśvatara Upanishad (400 – 200 BCE) is considered to be the earliest textual exposition of a systematic philosophy of Shaivism. Shaivism is represented by various philosophical schools, including non-dualist (abheda), dualist (bheda), and non-dualist-... | Who reported the major schools of Shaivism? | {
"answer_start": [
360
],
"text": [
"Vidyaranya"
]
} |
5727bce03acd2414000deb04 | Hindu_philosophy | Early history of Shaivism is difficult to determine. However, the Śvetāśvatara Upanishad (400 – 200 BCE) is considered to be the earliest textual exposition of a systematic philosophy of Shaivism. Shaivism is represented by various philosophical schools, including non-dualist (abheda), dualist (bheda), and non-dualist-... | How many major schools of Shaivism did Vidyaranya mention? | {
"answer_start": [
393
],
"text": [
"three"
]
} |
5727bce03acd2414000deb05 | Hindu_philosophy | Early history of Shaivism is difficult to determine. However, the Śvetāśvatara Upanishad (400 – 200 BCE) is considered to be the earliest textual exposition of a systematic philosophy of Shaivism. Shaivism is represented by various philosophical schools, including non-dualist (abheda), dualist (bheda), and non-dualist-... | What is the Kashmir Shaivism mentioned by Vidyaranya? | {
"answer_start": [
473
],
"text": [
"Pratyabhijña"
]
} |
5727bed92ca10214002d954c | Hindu_philosophy | Pāśupata Shaivism (Pāśupata, "of Paśupati") is the oldest of the major Shaiva schools. The philosophy of Pashupata sect was systematized by Lakulish in the 2nd century CE. Paśu in Paśupati refers to the effect (or created world), the word designates that which is dependent on something ulterior. Whereas, Pati means the... | What is the oldest school of Shaivism? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Pāśupata Shaivism"
]
} |
5727bed92ca10214002d954d | Hindu_philosophy | Pāśupata Shaivism (Pāśupata, "of Paśupati") is the oldest of the major Shaiva schools. The philosophy of Pashupata sect was systematized by Lakulish in the 2nd century CE. Paśu in Paśupati refers to the effect (or created world), the word designates that which is dependent on something ulterior. Whereas, Pati means the... | Who organized the Pasupata philosophy? | {
"answer_start": [
140
],
"text": [
"Lakulish"
]
} |
5727bed92ca10214002d954e | Hindu_philosophy | Pāśupata Shaivism (Pāśupata, "of Paśupati") is the oldest of the major Shaiva schools. The philosophy of Pashupata sect was systematized by Lakulish in the 2nd century CE. Paśu in Paśupati refers to the effect (or created world), the word designates that which is dependent on something ulterior. Whereas, Pati means the... | When did Lakulish systematize the Pasupata Shaivism? | {
"answer_start": [
156
],
"text": [
"2nd century CE"
]
} |
5727bed92ca10214002d954f | Hindu_philosophy | Pāśupata Shaivism (Pāśupata, "of Paśupati") is the oldest of the major Shaiva schools. The philosophy of Pashupata sect was systematized by Lakulish in the 2nd century CE. Paśu in Paśupati refers to the effect (or created world), the word designates that which is dependent on something ulterior. Whereas, Pati means the... | What school of philosophy did the Pasupatas dislike? | {
"answer_start": [
458
],
"text": [
"Vaishnava theology"
]
} |
5727bed92ca10214002d9550 | Hindu_philosophy | Pāśupata Shaivism (Pāśupata, "of Paśupati") is the oldest of the major Shaiva schools. The philosophy of Pashupata sect was systematized by Lakulish in the 2nd century CE. Paśu in Paśupati refers to the effect (or created world), the word designates that which is dependent on something ulterior. Whereas, Pati means the... | What aspect of Vaishnava was unpalatable for the Pasupatas? | {
"answer_start": [
501
],
"text": [
"servitude of souls"
]
} |
5727c075ff5b5019007d945c | Hindu_philosophy | Pāśupatas divided the created world into the insentient and the sentient. The insentient was the unconscious and thus dependent on the sentient or conscious. The insentient was further divided into effects and causes. The effects were of ten kinds, the earth, four elements and their qualities, colour etc. The causes we... | What group divided the world into two parts? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Pāśupatas"
]
} |
5727c075ff5b5019007d945d | Hindu_philosophy | Pāśupatas divided the created world into the insentient and the sentient. The insentient was the unconscious and thus dependent on the sentient or conscious. The insentient was further divided into effects and causes. The effects were of ten kinds, the earth, four elements and their qualities, colour etc. The causes we... | Into what parts did the Pasupatas divide the world? | {
"answer_start": [
45
],
"text": [
"insentient and the sentient"
]
} |
5727c075ff5b5019007d945e | Hindu_philosophy | Pāśupatas divided the created world into the insentient and the sentient. The insentient was the unconscious and thus dependent on the sentient or conscious. The insentient was further divided into effects and causes. The effects were of ten kinds, the earth, four elements and their qualities, colour etc. The causes we... | In what staet was the insentient considered to be? | {
"answer_start": [
97
],
"text": [
"unconscious"
]
} |
5727c075ff5b5019007d945f | Hindu_philosophy | Pāśupatas divided the created world into the insentient and the sentient. The insentient was the unconscious and thus dependent on the sentient or conscious. The insentient was further divided into effects and causes. The effects were of ten kinds, the earth, four elements and their qualities, colour etc. The causes we... | How was the sentient seen as being? | {
"answer_start": [
147
],
"text": [
"conscious"
]
} |
5727c075ff5b5019007d9460 | Hindu_philosophy | Pāśupatas divided the created world into the insentient and the sentient. The insentient was the unconscious and thus dependent on the sentient or conscious. The insentient was further divided into effects and causes. The effects were of ten kinds, the earth, four elements and their qualities, colour etc. The causes we... | For the Pasupatas, how was the union of the soul with God achieved? | {
"answer_start": [
647
],
"text": [
"through the intellect"
]
} |
5727c3243acd2414000debf9 | Hindu_philosophy | Even though, both Kashmir Shaivism and Advaita Vedanta are non-dual philosophies which give primacy to Universal Consciousness (Chit or Brahman), in Kashmir Shavisim, as opposed to Advaita, all things are a manifestation of this Consciousness. This implies that from the point of view of Kashmir Shavisim, the phenomenal... | What type of philosophy does both Kasmir Shaivism and Advaita Vedanta share? | {
"answer_start": [
59
],
"text": [
"non-dual"
]
} |
5727c3243acd2414000debfa | Hindu_philosophy | Even though, both Kashmir Shaivism and Advaita Vedanta are non-dual philosophies which give primacy to Universal Consciousness (Chit or Brahman), in Kashmir Shavisim, as opposed to Advaita, all things are a manifestation of this Consciousness. This implies that from the point of view of Kashmir Shavisim, the phenomenal... | What aspect do non-dual philosophies give to the highest order of worship? | {
"answer_start": [
103
],
"text": [
"Universal Consciousness"
]
} |
5727c3243acd2414000debfb | Hindu_philosophy | Even though, both Kashmir Shaivism and Advaita Vedanta are non-dual philosophies which give primacy to Universal Consciousness (Chit or Brahman), in Kashmir Shavisim, as opposed to Advaita, all things are a manifestation of this Consciousness. This implies that from the point of view of Kashmir Shavisim, the phenomenal... | As what does Kashmir Shaivism view the conscious world? | {
"answer_start": [
338
],
"text": [
"real"
]
} |
5727c3243acd2414000debfc | Hindu_philosophy | Even though, both Kashmir Shaivism and Advaita Vedanta are non-dual philosophies which give primacy to Universal Consciousness (Chit or Brahman), in Kashmir Shavisim, as opposed to Advaita, all things are a manifestation of this Consciousness. This implies that from the point of view of Kashmir Shavisim, the phenomenal... | Which group sees the world as illusion? | {
"answer_start": [
410
],
"text": [
"Advaita"
]
} |
5727c3243acd2414000debfd | Hindu_philosophy | Even though, both Kashmir Shaivism and Advaita Vedanta are non-dual philosophies which give primacy to Universal Consciousness (Chit or Brahman), in Kashmir Shavisim, as opposed to Advaita, all things are a manifestation of this Consciousness. This implies that from the point of view of Kashmir Shavisim, the phenomenal... | According to Kashmir Shaivism, what is the goal in belief? | {
"answer_start": [
574
],
"text": [
"merge in Shiva"
]
} |
57277ff9dd62a815002e9ed6 | Political_party | While there is some international commonality in the way political parties are recognized, and in how they operate, there are often many differences, and some are significant. Many political parties have an ideological core, but some do not, and many represent very different ideologies than they did when first founded.... | What are the two most powerful political parties in the United States? | {
"answer_start": [
631
],
"text": [
"Democratic Party and the Republican Party"
]
} |
57277ff9dd62a815002e9ed7 | Political_party | While there is some international commonality in the way political parties are recognized, and in how they operate, there are often many differences, and some are significant. Many political parties have an ideological core, but some do not, and many represent very different ideologies than they did when first founded.... | Name a nation that has a one-party political system. | {
"answer_start": [
538
],
"text": [
"China"
]
} |
57277ff9dd62a815002e9ed8 | Political_party | While there is some international commonality in the way political parties are recognized, and in how they operate, there are often many differences, and some are significant. Many political parties have an ideological core, but some do not, and many represent very different ideologies than they did when first founded.... | How are political parties elected in democracies? | {
"answer_start": [
370
],
"text": [
"the electorate"
]
} |
57277ff9dd62a815002e9ed9 | Political_party | While there is some international commonality in the way political parties are recognized, and in how they operate, there are often many differences, and some are significant. Many political parties have an ideological core, but some do not, and many represent very different ideologies than they did when first founded.... | What are some countries that have multiple powerful political parties? | {
"answer_start": [
471
],
"text": [
"Germany and India"
]
} |
5727817ddd62a815002e9efc | Political_party | The first political factions, cohering around a basic, if fluid, set of principles emerged from the Exclusion Crisis and Glorious Revolution in late-17th-century England. The Whigs supported Protestant constitutional monarchy against absolute rule and the Tories, originating in the Royalist (or "Cavalier") faction of t... | Around what time did the first political factions start to emerge? | {
"answer_start": [
144
],
"text": [
"late-17th-century England"
]
} |
5727817ddd62a815002e9efd | Political_party | The first political factions, cohering around a basic, if fluid, set of principles emerged from the Exclusion Crisis and Glorious Revolution in late-17th-century England. The Whigs supported Protestant constitutional monarchy against absolute rule and the Tories, originating in the Royalist (or "Cavalier") faction of t... | Who was the dominate political party for the first half of the 18th century? | {
"answer_start": [
453
],
"text": [
"Whigs"
]
} |
5727817ddd62a815002e9efe | Political_party | The first political factions, cohering around a basic, if fluid, set of principles emerged from the Exclusion Crisis and Glorious Revolution in late-17th-century England. The Whigs supported Protestant constitutional monarchy against absolute rule and the Tories, originating in the Royalist (or "Cavalier") faction of t... | Who was the leader if the Whigs? | {
"answer_start": [
820
],
"text": [
"Robert Walpole"
]
} |
5727817ddd62a815002e9eff | Political_party | The first political factions, cohering around a basic, if fluid, set of principles emerged from the Exclusion Crisis and Glorious Revolution in late-17th-century England. The Whigs supported Protestant constitutional monarchy against absolute rule and the Tories, originating in the Royalist (or "Cavalier") faction of t... | In what year did the jacobite rising fail? | {
"answer_start": [
786
],
"text": [
"1715"
]
} |
57278788708984140094e011 | Political_party | As the century wore on, the factions slowly began to adopt more coherent political tendencies as the interests of their power bases began to diverge. The Whig party's initial base of support from the great aristocratic families, widened to include the emerging industrial interests and wealthy merchants. As well as cham... | Who's liberal political ideas influenced the Whigs? | {
"answer_start": [
612
],
"text": [
"John Locke"
]
} |
57278788708984140094e012 | Political_party | As the century wore on, the factions slowly began to adopt more coherent political tendencies as the interests of their power bases began to diverge. The Whig party's initial base of support from the great aristocratic families, widened to include the emerging industrial interests and wealthy merchants. As well as cham... | Name the two people who's concepts of universal rights influenced the Whigs. | {
"answer_start": [
673
],
"text": [
"Locke and Algernon Sidney"
]
} |
57278788708984140094e013 | Political_party | As the century wore on, the factions slowly began to adopt more coherent political tendencies as the interests of their power bases began to diverge. The Whig party's initial base of support from the great aristocratic families, widened to include the emerging industrial interests and wealthy merchants. As well as cham... | Did the Whigs want to limit the monarch's power? | {
"answer_start": [
316
],
"text": [
"championing constitutional monarchy with strict limits on the monarch's power"
]
} |
57278788708984140094e014 | Political_party | As the century wore on, the factions slowly began to adopt more coherent political tendencies as the interests of their power bases began to diverge. The Whig party's initial base of support from the great aristocratic families, widened to include the emerging industrial interests and wealthy merchants. As well as cham... | Did the Whigs support or oppose the Catholic king? | {
"answer_start": [
395
],
"text": [
"the Whigs adamantly opposed a Catholic king as a threat to liberty"
]
} |
572789855951b619008f8cb5 | Political_party | Although the Tories were dismissed from office for half a century, for most of this period (at first under the leadership of Sir William Wyndham), the Tories retained party cohesion, with occasional hopes of regaining office, particularly at the accession of George II (1727) and the downfall of the ministry of Sir Robe... | Who did the Tories oppose? | {
"answer_start": [
473
],
"text": [
"Whigs"
]
} |
572789855951b619008f8cb6 | Political_party | Although the Tories were dismissed from office for half a century, for most of this period (at first under the leadership of Sir William Wyndham), the Tories retained party cohesion, with occasional hopes of regaining office, particularly at the accession of George II (1727) and the downfall of the ministry of Sir Robe... | Who did the Tories occasionally cooperate with? | {
"answer_start": [
457
],
"text": [
"the \"Opposition Whigs\""
]
} |
572789855951b619008f8cb7 | Political_party | Although the Tories were dismissed from office for half a century, for most of this period (at first under the leadership of Sir William Wyndham), the Tories retained party cohesion, with occasional hopes of regaining office, particularly at the accession of George II (1727) and the downfall of the ministry of Sir Robe... | When did the Tories regain power? | {
"answer_start": [
721
],
"text": [
"1760"
]
} |
572789855951b619008f8cb8 | Political_party | Although the Tories were dismissed from office for half a century, for most of this period (at first under the leadership of Sir William Wyndham), the Tories retained party cohesion, with occasional hopes of regaining office, particularly at the accession of George II (1727) and the downfall of the ministry of Sir Robe... | For how long were the Tories dismissed from office? | {
"answer_start": [
51
],
"text": [
"half a century"
]
} |
572789855951b619008f8cb9 | Political_party | Although the Tories were dismissed from office for half a century, for most of this period (at first under the leadership of Sir William Wyndham), the Tories retained party cohesion, with occasional hopes of regaining office, particularly at the accession of George II (1727) and the downfall of the ministry of Sir Robe... | Why could the Tories and the Opposition Whigs never form a single party? | {
"answer_start": [
547
],
"text": [
"ideological gap"
]
} |
57278ab15951b619008f8ce5 | Political_party | When they lost power, the old Whig leadership dissolved into a decade of factional chaos with distinct "Grenvillite", "Bedfordite", "Rockinghamite", and "Chathamite" factions successively in power, and all referring to themselves as "Whigs". Out of this chaos, the first distinctive parties emerged. The first such party... | Who was the first distinctive Whig party that emerged from the chaos? | {
"answer_start": [
325
],
"text": [
"the Rockingham Whigs"
]
} |
57278ab15951b619008f8ce6 | Political_party | When they lost power, the old Whig leadership dissolved into a decade of factional chaos with distinct "Grenvillite", "Bedfordite", "Rockinghamite", and "Chathamite" factions successively in power, and all referring to themselves as "Whigs". Out of this chaos, the first distinctive parties emerged. The first such party... | Who was the leader of the Rockingham Whigs? | {
"answer_start": [
370
],
"text": [
"Charles Watson-Wentworth"
]
} |
57278ab15951b619008f8ce7 | Political_party | When they lost power, the old Whig leadership dissolved into a decade of factional chaos with distinct "Grenvillite", "Bedfordite", "Rockinghamite", and "Chathamite" factions successively in power, and all referring to themselves as "Whigs". Out of this chaos, the first distinctive parties emerged. The first such party... | What was the description for the basic framework of the Rockingham Whigs party? | {
"answer_start": [
557
],
"text": [
"\"a body of men united for promoting by their joint endeavours the national interest, upon some particular principle in which they are all agreed\""
]
} |
57278ab15951b619008f8ce8 | Political_party | When they lost power, the old Whig leadership dissolved into a decade of factional chaos with distinct "Grenvillite", "Bedfordite", "Rockinghamite", and "Chathamite" factions successively in power, and all referring to themselves as "Whigs". Out of this chaos, the first distinctive parties emerged. The first such party... | Did the Rockingham Whigs ever regain power as a opposition to the government? | {
"answer_start": [
908
],
"text": [
"remained out of power as a united opposition to government."
]
} |
57278d79f1498d1400e8fbd0 | Political_party | The modern Conservative Party was created out of the 'Pittite' Tories of the early 19th century. In the late 1820s disputes over political reform broke up this grouping. A government led by the Duke of Wellington collapsed amidst dire election results. Following this disaster Robert Peel set about assembling a new coal... | What was the modern Conservative party created from? | {
"answer_start": [
49
],
"text": [
"the 'Pittite' Tories"
]
} |
57278d79f1498d1400e8fbd1 | Political_party | The modern Conservative Party was created out of the 'Pittite' Tories of the early 19th century. In the late 1820s disputes over political reform broke up this grouping. A government led by the Duke of Wellington collapsed amidst dire election results. Following this disaster Robert Peel set about assembling a new coal... | Who Issued the Tamworth manifesto? | {
"answer_start": [
277
],
"text": [
"Robert Peel"
]
} |
57278d79f1498d1400e8fbd2 | Political_party | The modern Conservative Party was created out of the 'Pittite' Tories of the early 19th century. In the late 1820s disputes over political reform broke up this grouping. A government led by the Duke of Wellington collapsed amidst dire election results. Following this disaster Robert Peel set about assembling a new coal... | Which party did the Whigs, along with others form? | {
"answer_start": [
700
],
"text": [
"the Liberal Party"
]
} |
57278d79f1498d1400e8fbd3 | Political_party | The modern Conservative Party was created out of the 'Pittite' Tories of the early 19th century. In the late 1820s disputes over political reform broke up this grouping. A government led by the Duke of Wellington collapsed amidst dire election results. Following this disaster Robert Peel set about assembling a new coal... | In what year was the Tamworth manifesto introduced? | {
"answer_start": [
375
],
"text": [
"1834"
]
} |
57278e57f1498d1400e8fc00 | Political_party | Although the Founding Fathers of the United States did not originally intend for American politics to be partisan, early political controversies in the 1790s over the extent of federal government powers saw the emergence of two proto-political parties- the Federalist Party and the Democratic-Republican Party, which wer... | What were the two proto-political parties? | {
"answer_start": [
253
],
"text": [
"the Federalist Party and the Democratic-Republican Party"
]
} |
57278e57f1498d1400e8fc01 | Political_party | Although the Founding Fathers of the United States did not originally intend for American politics to be partisan, early political controversies in the 1790s over the extent of federal government powers saw the emergence of two proto-political parties- the Federalist Party and the Democratic-Republican Party, which wer... | In which year did the period known as the "Era of Good Feelings" begin? | {
"answer_start": [
465
],
"text": [
"1816"
]
} |
57278e57f1498d1400e8fc02 | Political_party | Although the Founding Fathers of the United States did not originally intend for American politics to be partisan, early political controversies in the 1790s over the extent of federal government powers saw the emergence of two proto-political parties- the Federalist Party and the Democratic-Republican Party, which wer... | What did the founding fathers not intend American politics to become? | {
"answer_start": [
105
],
"text": [
"partisan"
]
} |
57278e57f1498d1400e8fc03 | Political_party | Although the Founding Fathers of the United States did not originally intend for American politics to be partisan, early political controversies in the 1790s over the extent of federal government powers saw the emergence of two proto-political parties- the Federalist Party and the Democratic-Republican Party, which wer... | Who were the leaders of the Federalist and Democratic-Republican parties? | {
"answer_start": [
336
],
"text": [
"Framers Alexander Hamilton and James Madison"
]
} |
57278fabdd62a815002ea06a | Political_party | At the same time, the political party reached its modern form, with a membership disciplined through the use of a party whip and the implementation of efficient structures of control. The Home Rule League Party, campaigning for Home Rule for Ireland in the British Parliament was fundamentally changed by the great Irish... | Who was the leader of the Irish political party in the 1880s? | {
"answer_start": [
338
],
"text": [
"Charles Stewart Parnell"
]
} |
57278fabdd62a815002ea06b | Political_party | At the same time, the political party reached its modern form, with a membership disciplined through the use of a party whip and the implementation of efficient structures of control. The Home Rule League Party, campaigning for Home Rule for Ireland in the British Parliament was fundamentally changed by the great Irish... | What did Charles Stewart Parnell change his parties name to in 1882? | {
"answer_start": [
420
],
"text": [
"Irish Parliamentary Party"
]
} |
57278fabdd62a815002ea06c | Political_party | At the same time, the political party reached its modern form, with a membership disciplined through the use of a party whip and the implementation of efficient structures of control. The Home Rule League Party, campaigning for Home Rule for Ireland in the British Parliament was fundamentally changed by the great Irish... | Did the Irish Parliamentary Party ever adopt the Parnellite model? | {
"answer_start": [
1028
],
"text": [
"they soon came to model themselves on the Parnellite model."
]
} |
572790c7f1498d1400e8fc3a | Political_party | A political party is typically led by a party leader (the most powerful member and spokesperson representing the party), a party secretary (who maintains the daily work and records of party meetings), party treasurer (who is responsible for membership dues) and party chair (who forms strategies for recruiting and retai... | Do political parties have a Party leader? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"A political party is typically led by a party leader"
]
} |
572790c7f1498d1400e8fc3b | Political_party | A political party is typically led by a party leader (the most powerful member and spokesperson representing the party), a party secretary (who maintains the daily work and records of party meetings), party treasurer (who is responsible for membership dues) and party chair (who forms strategies for recruiting and retai... | Who maintains the daily work and records of party meetings? | {
"answer_start": [
123
],
"text": [
"party secretary"
]
} |
572790c7f1498d1400e8fc3c | Political_party | A political party is typically led by a party leader (the most powerful member and spokesperson representing the party), a party secretary (who maintains the daily work and records of party meetings), party treasurer (who is responsible for membership dues) and party chair (who forms strategies for recruiting and retai... | Who is responsible for the membership fees and expenses? | {
"answer_start": [
201
],
"text": [
"party treasurer"
]
} |
572790c7f1498d1400e8fc3d | Political_party | A political party is typically led by a party leader (the most powerful member and spokesperson representing the party), a party secretary (who maintains the daily work and records of party meetings), party treasurer (who is responsible for membership dues) and party chair (who forms strategies for recruiting and retai... | Who is responsible for recruiting and maintaining party members? | {
"answer_start": [
262
],
"text": [
"party chair"
]
} |
57279453f1498d1400e8fcaa | Political_party | When the party is represented by members in the lower house of parliament, the party leader simultaneously serves as the leader of the parliamentary group of that full party representation; depending on a minimum number of seats held, Westminster-based parties typically allow for leaders to form frontbench teams of sen... | When does a party form an official opposition? | {
"answer_start": [
419
],
"text": [
"When a party becomes the largest party not part of the Government"
]
} |
57279453f1498d1400e8fcab | Political_party | When the party is represented by members in the lower house of parliament, the party leader simultaneously serves as the leader of the parliamentary group of that full party representation; depending on a minimum number of seats held, Westminster-based parties typically allow for leaders to form frontbench teams of sen... | What type of parties allow leaders to form frontbench teams? | {
"answer_start": [
235
],
"text": [
"Westminster-based parties"
]
} |
57279453f1498d1400e8fcac | Political_party | When the party is represented by members in the lower house of parliament, the party leader simultaneously serves as the leader of the parliamentary group of that full party representation; depending on a minimum number of seats held, Westminster-based parties typically allow for leaders to form frontbench teams of sen... | When does a party's frontbench become the Cabinet of government ministers? | {
"answer_start": [
652
],
"text": [
"When a party achieves enough seats in an election to form a majority"
]
} |
57279453f1498d1400e8fcad | Political_party | When the party is represented by members in the lower house of parliament, the party leader simultaneously serves as the leader of the parliamentary group of that full party representation; depending on a minimum number of seats held, Westminster-based parties typically allow for leaders to form frontbench teams of sen... | If a party is represented by members from the lower house of parliament, what other position can the party leader serve? | {
"answer_start": [
121
],
"text": [
"leader of the parliamentary group of that full party representation"
]
} |
5727950d708984140094e17d | Political_party | The freedom to form, declare membership in, or campaign for candidates from a political party is considered a measurement of a state's adherence to liberal democracy as a political value. Regulation of parties may run from a crackdown on or repression of all opposition parties, a norm for authoritarian governments, to ... | What is considered a measurement of a state's support to liberal democracy? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"The freedom to form, declare membership in, or campaign for"
]
} |
5727950d708984140094e17e | Political_party | The freedom to form, declare membership in, or campaign for candidates from a political party is considered a measurement of a state's adherence to liberal democracy as a political value. Regulation of parties may run from a crackdown on or repression of all opposition parties, a norm for authoritarian governments, to ... | How are parties regulated? | {
"answer_start": [
223
],
"text": [
"a crackdown on or repression of all opposition parties"
]
} |
5727950d708984140094e17f | Political_party | The freedom to form, declare membership in, or campaign for candidates from a political party is considered a measurement of a state's adherence to liberal democracy as a political value. Regulation of parties may run from a crackdown on or repression of all opposition parties, a norm for authoritarian governments, to ... | Will parties that hold a counter belief to the general beliefs of the state's incumbents be repressed? | {
"answer_start": [
317
],
"text": [
"to the repression of certain parties which hold or promote ideals which run counter to the general ideology of the state's incumbents"
]
} |
572798635951b619008f8e51 | Political_party | Furthermore, in the case of far-right, far-left and regionalism parties in the national parliaments of much of the European Union, mainstream political parties may form an informal cordon sanitarian which applies a policy of non-cooperation towards those "Outsider Parties" present in the legislature which are viewed as... | Will mainstream political parties not cooperate towards outsider parties if they are too extream? | {
"answer_start": [
131
],
"text": [
"mainstream political parties may form an informal cordon sanitarian which applies a policy of non-cooperation towards those \"Outsider Parties\""
]
} |
572798635951b619008f8e52 | Political_party | Furthermore, in the case of far-right, far-left and regionalism parties in the national parliaments of much of the European Union, mainstream political parties may form an informal cordon sanitarian which applies a policy of non-cooperation towards those "Outsider Parties" present in the legislature which are viewed as... | which outsider parties considered unacceptable to work with? | {
"answer_start": [
28
],
"text": [
"far-right, far-left and regionalism"
]
} |
572798635951b619008f8e53 | Political_party | Furthermore, in the case of far-right, far-left and regionalism parties in the national parliaments of much of the European Union, mainstream political parties may form an informal cordon sanitarian which applies a policy of non-cooperation towards those "Outsider Parties" present in the legislature which are viewed as... | What has been increasingly abandoned in the past two decades? | {
"answer_start": [
377
],
"text": [
"Cordon Sanitarian"
]
} |
57279977f1498d1400e8fd08 | Political_party | In a nonpartisan system, no official political parties exist, sometimes reflecting legal restrictions on political parties. In nonpartisan elections, each candidate is eligible for office on his or her own merits. In nonpartisan legislatures, there are no typically formal party alignments within the legislature. The ad... | Do official political parties exist in a nonpartisan system? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"In a nonpartisan system, no official political parties exist"
]
} |
57279977f1498d1400e8fd09 | Political_party | In a nonpartisan system, no official political parties exist, sometimes reflecting legal restrictions on political parties. In nonpartisan elections, each candidate is eligible for office on his or her own merits. In nonpartisan legislatures, there are no typically formal party alignments within the legislature. The ad... | Was the administration of George Washington nonpartisan? | {
"answer_start": [
314
],
"text": [
"The administration of George Washington and the first few sessions of the United States Congress were nonpartisan."
]
} |
57279977f1498d1400e8fd0a | Political_party | In a nonpartisan system, no official political parties exist, sometimes reflecting legal restrictions on political parties. In nonpartisan elections, each candidate is eligible for office on his or her own merits. In nonpartisan legislatures, there are no typically formal party alignments within the legislature. The ad... | What did Washington warn against during his farewell address? | {
"answer_start": [
460
],
"text": [
"political parties"
]
} |
57279977f1498d1400e8fd0b | Political_party | In a nonpartisan system, no official political parties exist, sometimes reflecting legal restrictions on political parties. In nonpartisan elections, each candidate is eligible for office on his or her own merits. In nonpartisan legislatures, there are no typically formal party alignments within the legislature. The ad... | What do factions within nonpartisan systems evolve into? | {
"answer_start": [
1047
],
"text": [
"political parties"
]
} |
57279ae5ff5b5019007d90cc | Political_party | In one-party systems, one political party is legally allowed to hold effective power. Although minor parties may sometimes be allowed, they are legally required to accept the leadership of the dominant party. This party may not always be identical to the government, although sometimes positions within the party may in ... | In what systems is the political party allowed to legally hold effective power? | {
"answer_start": [
3
],
"text": [
"one-party systems"
]
} |
57279ae5ff5b5019007d90cd | Political_party | In one-party systems, one political party is legally allowed to hold effective power. Although minor parties may sometimes be allowed, they are legally required to accept the leadership of the dominant party. This party may not always be identical to the government, although sometimes positions within the party may in ... | What are North Korea and China examples of? | {
"answer_start": [
286
],
"text": [
"positions within the party may in fact be more important than positions within the government"
]
} |
57279ae5ff5b5019007d90cf | Political_party | In one-party systems, one political party is legally allowed to hold effective power. Although minor parties may sometimes be allowed, they are legally required to accept the leadership of the dominant party. This party may not always be identical to the government, although sometimes positions within the party may in ... | When was Nazi Germany in a one-party system? | {
"answer_start": [
485
],
"text": [
"1934 and 1945"
]
} |
57279ae5ff5b5019007d90ce | Political_party | In one-party systems, one political party is legally allowed to hold effective power. Although minor parties may sometimes be allowed, they are legally required to accept the leadership of the dominant party. This party may not always be identical to the government, although sometimes positions within the party may in ... | What is the one-party system often compared with? | {
"answer_start": [
550
],
"text": [
"dictatorships and tyranny"
]
} |
57279c7cff5b5019007d90f2 | Political_party | In dominant-party systems, opposition parties are allowed, and there may be even a deeply established democratic tradition, but other parties are widely considered to have no real chance of gaining power. Sometimes, political, social and economic circumstances, and public opinion are the reason for others parties' fail... | When are opposition parties allowed? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"In dominant-party systems"
]
} |
57279c7cff5b5019007d90f3 | Political_party | In dominant-party systems, opposition parties are allowed, and there may be even a deeply established democratic tradition, but other parties are widely considered to have no real chance of gaining power. Sometimes, political, social and economic circumstances, and public opinion are the reason for others parties' fail... | What are some of the reasons for a party's failure? | {
"answer_start": [
216
],
"text": [
"political, social and economic circumstances, and public opinion"
]
} |
57279c7cff5b5019007d90f4 | Political_party | In dominant-party systems, opposition parties are allowed, and there may be even a deeply established democratic tradition, but other parties are widely considered to have no real chance of gaining power. Sometimes, political, social and economic circumstances, and public opinion are the reason for others parties' fail... | What are some ways a dominant party can stay in power? | {
"answer_start": [
473
],
"text": [
"patronage and sometimes by voting fraud"
]
} |
57279c7cff5b5019007d90f5 | Political_party | In dominant-party systems, opposition parties are allowed, and there may be even a deeply established democratic tradition, but other parties are widely considered to have no real chance of gaining power. Sometimes, political, social and economic circumstances, and public opinion are the reason for others parties' fail... | What are some examples of dominant party systems? | {
"answer_start": [
698
],
"text": [
"African National Congress in South Africa, the Cambodian People's Party in Cambodia"
]
} |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.