id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 442
values | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 270 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
57279c7cff5b5019007d90f6 | Political_party | In dominant-party systems, opposition parties are allowed, and there may be even a deeply established democratic tradition, but other parties are widely considered to have no real chance of gaining power. Sometimes, political, social and economic circumstances, and public opinion are the reason for others parties' fail... | For how long did the dominant one-party system last in mexico? | {
"answer_start": [
970
],
"text": [
"1990s"
]
} |
57279d752ca10214002d921a | Political_party | The United States has become essentially a two-party system. Since a conservative (such as the Republican Party) and liberal (such as the Democratic Party) party has usually been the status quo within American politics. The first parties were called Federalist and Republican, followed by a brief period of Republican do... | What type of party system is the United States? | {
"answer_start": [
43
],
"text": [
"two-party system"
]
} |
57279d752ca10214002d921b | Political_party | The United States has become essentially a two-party system. Since a conservative (such as the Republican Party) and liberal (such as the Democratic Party) party has usually been the status quo within American politics. The first parties were called Federalist and Republican, followed by a brief period of Republican do... | What were the first parties in the united States called? | {
"answer_start": [
250
],
"text": [
"Federalist and Republican"
]
} |
57279d752ca10214002d921c | Political_party | The United States has become essentially a two-party system. Since a conservative (such as the Republican Party) and liberal (such as the Democratic Party) party has usually been the status quo within American politics. The first parties were called Federalist and Republican, followed by a brief period of Republican do... | For how long did the Whigs survive? | {
"answer_start": [
514
],
"text": [
"two decades"
]
} |
57279d752ca10214002d921d | Political_party | The United States has become essentially a two-party system. Since a conservative (such as the Republican Party) and liberal (such as the Democratic Party) party has usually been the status quo within American politics. The first parties were called Federalist and Republican, followed by a brief period of Republican do... | What are challenged to an unpopular political party? | {
"answer_start": [
1618
],
"text": [
"tremendous land area and large population of the country"
]
} |
57279d752ca10214002d921e | Political_party | The United States has become essentially a two-party system. Since a conservative (such as the Republican Party) and liberal (such as the Democratic Party) party has usually been the status quo within American politics. The first parties were called Federalist and Republican, followed by a brief period of Republican do... | Which party was anti-slavery? | {
"answer_start": [
667
],
"text": [
"Democratic Party"
]
} |
57279f3d2ca10214002d9232 | Political_party | The UK political system, while technically a multi-party system, has functioned generally as a two-party (sometimes called a "two-and-a-half party") system; since the 1920s the two largest political parties have been the Conservative Party and the Labour Party. Before the Labour Party rose in British politics the Liber... | What has the UK political system functioned as? | {
"answer_start": [
93
],
"text": [
"a two-party (sometimes called a \"two-and-a-half party\") system"
]
} |
57279f3d2ca10214002d9233 | Political_party | The UK political system, while technically a multi-party system, has functioned generally as a two-party (sometimes called a "two-and-a-half party") system; since the 1920s the two largest political parties have been the Conservative Party and the Labour Party. Before the Labour Party rose in British politics the Liber... | What are the two largest political parties in the UK? | {
"answer_start": [
221
],
"text": [
"Conservative Party and the Labour Party"
]
} |
57279f3d2ca10214002d9234 | Political_party | The UK political system, while technically a multi-party system, has functioned generally as a two-party (sometimes called a "two-and-a-half party") system; since the 1920s the two largest political parties have been the Conservative Party and the Labour Party. Before the Labour Party rose in British politics the Liber... | What was the other major party before the Labour party? | {
"answer_start": [
315
],
"text": [
"Liberal Party"
]
} |
57279f3d2ca10214002d9235 | Political_party | The UK political system, while technically a multi-party system, has functioned generally as a two-party (sometimes called a "two-and-a-half party") system; since the 1920s the two largest political parties have been the Conservative Party and the Labour Party. Before the Labour Party rose in British politics the Liber... | What is Duveger's Law? | {
"answer_start": [
726
],
"text": [
"A plurality voting system usually leads to a two-party system"
]
} |
5727a2d2ff5b5019007d9180 | Political_party | More commonly, in cases where there are three or more parties, no one party is likely to gain power alone, and parties work with each other to form coalition governments. This has been an emerging trend in the politics of the Republic of Ireland since the 1980s and is almost always the case in Germany on national and s... | In which case are parties not likely to gain power on their own? | {
"answer_start": [
15
],
"text": [
"in cases where there are three or more parties"
]
} |
5727a2d2ff5b5019007d9181 | Political_party | More commonly, in cases where there are three or more parties, no one party is likely to gain power alone, and parties work with each other to form coalition governments. This has been an emerging trend in the politics of the Republic of Ireland since the 1980s and is almost always the case in Germany on national and s... | Is Ireland ever not led by a coalition Government? | {
"answer_start": [
395
],
"text": [
"since the forming of the Republic of Iceland there has never been a government not led by a coalition"
]
} |
5727a2d2ff5b5019007d9182 | Political_party | More commonly, in cases where there are three or more parties, no one party is likely to gain power alone, and parties work with each other to form coalition governments. This has been an emerging trend in the politics of the Republic of Ireland since the 1980s and is almost always the case in Germany on national and s... | Since what date has Ireland not been led by a single power? | {
"answer_start": [
647
],
"text": [
"1989"
]
} |
5727a2d2ff5b5019007d9183 | Political_party | More commonly, in cases where there are three or more parties, no one party is likely to gain power alone, and parties work with each other to form coalition governments. This has been an emerging trend in the politics of the Republic of Ireland since the 1980s and is almost always the case in Germany on national and s... | When is political change easier? | {
"answer_start": [
840
],
"text": [
"Political change is often easier with a coalition government"
]
} |
5727a2d2ff5b5019007d9184 | Political_party | More commonly, in cases where there are three or more parties, no one party is likely to gain power alone, and parties work with each other to form coalition governments. This has been an emerging trend in the politics of the Republic of Ireland since the 1980s and is almost always the case in Germany on national and s... | What are prime examples coalition governments that struggle to change policy? | {
"answer_start": [
1313
],
"text": [
"post World War II France and Italy"
]
} |
5727a5812ca10214002d92be | Political_party | Political parties, still called factions by some, especially those in the governmental apparatus, are lobbied vigorously by organizations, businesses and special interest groups such as trade unions. Money and gifts-in-kind to a party, or its leading members, may be offered as incentives. Such donations are the traditi... | What are called factions by some people? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Political parties"
]
} |
5727a5812ca10214002d92bf | Political_party | Political parties, still called factions by some, especially those in the governmental apparatus, are lobbied vigorously by organizations, businesses and special interest groups such as trade unions. Money and gifts-in-kind to a party, or its leading members, may be offered as incentives. Such donations are the traditi... | What are political parties lobbied by? | {
"answer_start": [
124
],
"text": [
"organizations, businesses and special interest groups"
]
} |
5727a5812ca10214002d92c0 | Political_party | Political parties, still called factions by some, especially those in the governmental apparatus, are lobbied vigorously by organizations, businesses and special interest groups such as trade unions. Money and gifts-in-kind to a party, or its leading members, may be offered as incentives. Such donations are the traditi... | What are traditional sources of funding for parties? | {
"answer_start": [
200
],
"text": [
"Money and gifts"
]
} |
5727a5812ca10214002d92c1 | Political_party | Political parties, still called factions by some, especially those in the governmental apparatus, are lobbied vigorously by organizations, businesses and special interest groups such as trade unions. Money and gifts-in-kind to a party, or its leading members, may be offered as incentives. Such donations are the traditi... | Around which time was the mass membership party started? | {
"answer_start": [
403
],
"text": [
"19th century"
]
} |
5727a68c3acd2414000de8df | Political_party | From the second half of the 20th century on parties which continued to rely on donations or membership subscriptions ran into mounting problems. Along with the increased scrutiny of donations there has been a long-term decline in party memberships in most western democracies which itself places more strains on funding.... | Why did parties that relied on donations or subscriptions run into problems? | {
"answer_start": [
160
],
"text": [
"increased scrutiny of donations there has been a long-term decline in party memberships"
]
} |
5727a68c3acd2414000de8e0 | Political_party | From the second half of the 20th century on parties which continued to rely on donations or membership subscriptions ran into mounting problems. Along with the increased scrutiny of donations there has been a long-term decline in party memberships in most western democracies which itself places more strains on funding.... | When did parties that relied on donations start to run into problems? | {
"answer_start": [
9
],
"text": [
"second half of the 20th century"
]
} |
5727a7852ca10214002d92fe | Political_party | In the United Kingdom, it has been alleged that peerages have been awarded to contributors to party funds, the benefactors becoming members of the House of Lords and thus being in a position to participate in legislating. Famously, Lloyd George was found to have been selling peerages. To prevent such corruption in the ... | In the United Kingdom, what is awarded to people who help fund the parties? | {
"answer_start": [
48
],
"text": [
"peerages"
]
} |
5727a7852ca10214002d92ff | Political_party | In the United Kingdom, it has been alleged that peerages have been awarded to contributors to party funds, the benefactors becoming members of the House of Lords and thus being in a position to participate in legislating. Famously, Lloyd George was found to have been selling peerages. To prevent such corruption in the ... | Who was discovered to be selling peerages? | {
"answer_start": [
232
],
"text": [
"Lloyd George"
]
} |
5727a7852ca10214002d9300 | Political_party | In the United Kingdom, it has been alleged that peerages have been awarded to contributors to party funds, the benefactors becoming members of the House of Lords and thus being in a position to participate in legislating. Famously, Lloyd George was found to have been selling peerages. To prevent such corruption in the ... | What act did parliament put into place to stop such corruptions? | {
"answer_start": [
350
],
"text": [
"Honours (Prevention of Abuses) Act"
]
} |
5727a7852ca10214002d9301 | Political_party | In the United Kingdom, it has been alleged that peerages have been awarded to contributors to party funds, the benefactors becoming members of the House of Lords and thus being in a position to participate in legislating. Famously, Lloyd George was found to have been selling peerages. To prevent such corruption in the ... | What did the Honours act do? | {
"answer_start": [
409
],
"text": [
"outright sale of peerages and similar honours became a criminal act"
]
} |
5727a7852ca10214002d9302 | Political_party | In the United Kingdom, it has been alleged that peerages have been awarded to contributors to party funds, the benefactors becoming members of the House of Lords and thus being in a position to participate in legislating. Famously, Lloyd George was found to have been selling peerages. To prevent such corruption in the ... | How did people attempt to overcome this law? | {
"answer_start": [
556
],
"text": [
"cloaking their contributions as loans"
]
} |
5727ac44ff5b5019007d9244 | Political_party | There are two broad categories of public funding, direct, which entails a monetary transfer to a party, and indirect, which includes broadcasting time on state media, use of the mail service or supplies. According to the Comparative Data from the ACE Electoral Knowledge Network, out of a sample of over 180 nations, 25%... | What are the two categories of public funding? | {
"answer_start": [
50
],
"text": [
"direct, which entails a monetary transfer to a party, and indirect"
]
} |
5727ac44ff5b5019007d9245 | Political_party | There are two broad categories of public funding, direct, which entails a monetary transfer to a party, and indirect, which includes broadcasting time on state media, use of the mail service or supplies. According to the Comparative Data from the ACE Electoral Knowledge Network, out of a sample of over 180 nations, 25%... | Which percentage of nations provide no direct or indirect public funding? | {
"answer_start": [
317
],
"text": [
"25%"
]
} |
5727ac44ff5b5019007d9246 | Political_party | There are two broad categories of public funding, direct, which entails a monetary transfer to a party, and indirect, which includes broadcasting time on state media, use of the mail service or supplies. According to the Comparative Data from the ACE Electoral Knowledge Network, out of a sample of over 180 nations, 25%... | What percentage of nations provide direct funding? | {
"answer_start": [
378
],
"text": [
"58%"
]
} |
5727ac44ff5b5019007d9247 | Political_party | There are two broad categories of public funding, direct, which entails a monetary transfer to a party, and indirect, which includes broadcasting time on state media, use of the mail service or supplies. According to the Comparative Data from the ACE Electoral Knowledge Network, out of a sample of over 180 nations, 25%... | Are parties required to reveal their funding? | {
"answer_start": [
762
],
"text": [
"required to disclose their finances to the Election management body."
]
} |
5727ac44ff5b5019007d9248 | Political_party | There are two broad categories of public funding, direct, which entails a monetary transfer to a party, and indirect, which includes broadcasting time on state media, use of the mail service or supplies. According to the Comparative Data from the ACE Electoral Knowledge Network, out of a sample of over 180 nations, 25%... | What percentage of nations provide indirect funding? | {
"answer_start": [
416
],
"text": [
"60%"
]
} |
5727ada7ff5b5019007d9268 | Political_party | In fledgling democracies funding can also be provided by foreign aid. International donors provide financing to political parties in developing countries as a means to promote democracy and good governance. Support can be purely financial or otherwise. Frequently it is provided as capacity development activities includ... | What can also be provided by foreign aid? | {
"answer_start": [
25
],
"text": [
"funding"
]
} |
5727ada7ff5b5019007d9269 | Political_party | In fledgling democracies funding can also be provided by foreign aid. International donors provide financing to political parties in developing countries as a means to promote democracy and good governance. Support can be purely financial or otherwise. Frequently it is provided as capacity development activities includ... | What do international donors do to promote democracy? | {
"answer_start": [
91
],
"text": [
"provide financing to political parties in developing countries"
]
} |
5727ada7ff5b5019007d926a | Political_party | In fledgling democracies funding can also be provided by foreign aid. International donors provide financing to political parties in developing countries as a means to promote democracy and good governance. Support can be purely financial or otherwise. Frequently it is provided as capacity development activities includ... | What is another common occurrence of international support for a party? | {
"answer_start": [
405
],
"text": [
"Developing links between ideologically linked parties"
]
} |
5727ada7ff5b5019007d926b | Political_party | In fledgling democracies funding can also be provided by foreign aid. International donors provide financing to political parties in developing countries as a means to promote democracy and good governance. Support can be purely financial or otherwise. Frequently it is provided as capacity development activities includ... | What does the overseas development institute want to do? | {
"answer_start": [
975
],
"text": [
"to increase support to political parties"
]
} |
5727aec94b864d1900163a54 | Political_party | Green is the color for green parties, Islamist parties, Nordic agrarian parties and Irish republican parties. Orange is sometimes a color of nationalism, such as in the Netherlands, in Israel with the Orange Camp or with Ulster Loyalists in Northern Ireland; it is also a color of reform such as in Ukraine. In the past,... | What parties is the color green for? | {
"answer_start": [
38
],
"text": [
"Islamist parties, Nordic agrarian parties and Irish republican parties"
]
} |
5727aec94b864d1900163a55 | Political_party | Green is the color for green parties, Islamist parties, Nordic agrarian parties and Irish republican parties. Orange is sometimes a color of nationalism, such as in the Netherlands, in Israel with the Orange Camp or with Ulster Loyalists in Northern Ireland; it is also a color of reform such as in Ukraine. In the past,... | What was purple considered the color for? | {
"answer_start": [
356
],
"text": [
"royalty"
]
} |
5727aec94b864d1900163a56 | Political_party | Green is the color for green parties, Islamist parties, Nordic agrarian parties and Irish republican parties. Orange is sometimes a color of nationalism, such as in the Netherlands, in Israel with the Orange Camp or with Ulster Loyalists in Northern Ireland; it is also a color of reform such as in Ukraine. In the past,... | What parties is the color black associated with? | {
"answer_start": [
805
],
"text": [
"fascist parties"
]
} |
5727aec94b864d1900163a57 | Political_party | Green is the color for green parties, Islamist parties, Nordic agrarian parties and Irish republican parties. Orange is sometimes a color of nationalism, such as in the Netherlands, in Israel with the Orange Camp or with Ulster Loyalists in Northern Ireland; it is also a color of reform such as in Ukraine. In the past,... | Brown is associated with what parties? | {
"answer_start": [
939
],
"text": [
"Nazism"
]
} |
5727aec94b864d1900163a58 | Political_party | Green is the color for green parties, Islamist parties, Nordic agrarian parties and Irish republican parties. Orange is sometimes a color of nationalism, such as in the Netherlands, in Israel with the Orange Camp or with Ulster Loyalists in Northern Ireland; it is also a color of reform such as in Ukraine. In the past,... | What color is orange associated with? | {
"answer_start": [
141
],
"text": [
"nationalism"
]
} |
5727af4f3acd2414000de99b | Political_party | Political color schemes in the United States diverge from international norms. Since 2000, red has become associated with the right-wing Republican Party and blue with the left-wing Democratic Party. However, unlike political color schemes of other countries, the parties did not choose those colors; they were used in n... | What is the color red associated with? | {
"answer_start": [
126
],
"text": [
"right-wing Republican Party"
]
} |
5727af4f3acd2414000de99c | Political_party | Political color schemes in the United States diverge from international norms. Since 2000, red has become associated with the right-wing Republican Party and blue with the left-wing Democratic Party. However, unlike political color schemes of other countries, the parties did not choose those colors; they were used in n... | What political party is the color blue associated with? | {
"answer_start": [
172
],
"text": [
"left-wing Democratic Party"
]
} |
5727af4f3acd2414000de99d | Political_party | Political color schemes in the United States diverge from international norms. Since 2000, red has become associated with the right-wing Republican Party and blue with the left-wing Democratic Party. However, unlike political color schemes of other countries, the parties did not choose those colors; they were used in n... | Did the political parties choose those colors? | {
"answer_start": [
209
],
"text": [
"unlike political color schemes of other countries, the parties did not choose those colors"
]
} |
5727af4f3acd2414000de99e | Political_party | Political color schemes in the United States diverge from international norms. Since 2000, red has become associated with the right-wing Republican Party and blue with the left-wing Democratic Party. However, unlike political color schemes of other countries, the parties did not choose those colors; they were used in n... | In what year did the occurrence of using different color schemes for the parties stop? | {
"answer_start": [
428
],
"text": [
"2000"
]
} |
5727affd4b864d1900163a68 | Political_party | During the 19th and 20th century, many national political parties organized themselves into international organizations along similar policy lines. Notable examples are The Universal Party, International Workingmen's Association (also called the First International), the Socialist International (also called the Second ... | When did political parties organize themselves into international organizations? | {
"answer_start": [
11
],
"text": [
"19th and 20th century"
]
} |
5727affd4b864d1900163a69 | Political_party | During the 19th and 20th century, many national political parties organized themselves into international organizations along similar policy lines. Notable examples are The Universal Party, International Workingmen's Association (also called the First International), the Socialist International (also called the Second ... | What are some examples of this? | {
"answer_start": [
169
],
"text": [
"The Universal Party, International Workingmen's Association"
]
} |
5727affd4b864d1900163a6a | Political_party | During the 19th and 20th century, many national political parties organized themselves into international organizations along similar policy lines. Notable examples are The Universal Party, International Workingmen's Association (also called the First International), the Socialist International (also called the Second ... | Name an example of an administration that outlaws links between local and foreign political organizations. | {
"answer_start": [
994
],
"text": [
"Hong Kong"
]
} |
5727b09f4b864d1900163a6e | Political_party | French political scientist Maurice Duverger drew a distinction between cadre parties and mass parties. Cadre parties were political elites that were concerned with contesting elections and restricted the influence of outsiders, who were only required to assist in election campaigns. Mass parties tried to recruit new me... | Who drew a difference between cadre parties and mass parties? | {
"answer_start": [
27
],
"text": [
"Maurice Duverger"
]
} |
5727b09f4b864d1900163a6f | Political_party | French political scientist Maurice Duverger drew a distinction between cadre parties and mass parties. Cadre parties were political elites that were concerned with contesting elections and restricted the influence of outsiders, who were only required to assist in election campaigns. Mass parties tried to recruit new me... | What are cadre parties? | {
"answer_start": [
122
],
"text": [
"political elites that were concerned with contesting elections and restricted the influence of outsiders"
]
} |
5727b09f4b864d1900163a70 | Political_party | French political scientist Maurice Duverger drew a distinction between cadre parties and mass parties. Cadre parties were political elites that were concerned with contesting elections and restricted the influence of outsiders, who were only required to assist in election campaigns. Mass parties tried to recruit new me... | What are mass parties? | {
"answer_start": [
284
],
"text": [
"Mass parties tried to recruit new members who were a source of party income and were often expected to spread party ideology"
]
} |
5727b09f4b864d1900163a71 | Political_party | French political scientist Maurice Duverger drew a distinction between cadre parties and mass parties. Cadre parties were political elites that were concerned with contesting elections and restricted the influence of outsiders, who were only required to assist in election campaigns. Mass parties tried to recruit new me... | What is an example of a mass party? | {
"answer_start": [
440
],
"text": [
"Socialist parties"
]
} |
5727b09f4b864d1900163a72 | Political_party | French political scientist Maurice Duverger drew a distinction between cadre parties and mass parties. Cadre parties were political elites that were concerned with contesting elections and restricted the influence of outsiders, who were only required to assist in election campaigns. Mass parties tried to recruit new me... | What type of parties are the two major parties in the United States? | {
"answer_start": [
651
],
"text": [
"cadre parties"
]
} |
572782eb5951b619008f8bc1 | A_cappella | A cappella [a kapˈpɛlla] (Italian for "in the manner of the chapel") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. The term "a cappella" was originally intended to differentiate be... | What does A cappella mean in the Italian language? | {
"answer_start": [
39
],
"text": [
"in the manner of the chapel"
]
} |
572782eb5951b619008f8bc2 | A_cappella | A cappella [a kapˈpɛlla] (Italian for "in the manner of the chapel") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. The term "a cappella" was originally intended to differentiate be... | What is another term occasionally used to refer to A cappella? | {
"answer_start": [
649
],
"text": [
"alla breve"
]
} |
572782eb5951b619008f8bc3 | A_cappella | A cappella [a kapˈpɛlla] (Italian for "in the manner of the chapel") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. The term "a cappella" was originally intended to differentiate be... | At what point did Renaissance polyphony become popular again? | {
"answer_start": [
385
],
"text": [
"19th century"
]
} |
572782eb5951b619008f8bc4 | A_cappella | A cappella [a kapˈpɛlla] (Italian for "in the manner of the chapel") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. The term "a cappella" was originally intended to differentiate be... | How is A cappella currently defined? | {
"answer_start": [
91
],
"text": [
"group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment"
]
} |
572782eb5951b619008f8bc5 | A_cappella | A cappella [a kapˈpɛlla] (Italian for "in the manner of the chapel") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. The term "a cappella" was originally intended to differentiate be... | A cappella was originally used to tell the difference between which two styles? | {
"answer_start": [
326
],
"text": [
"Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato"
]
} |
572784ba708984140094dfd5 | A_cappella | A cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially church music as well as anasheed and zemirot. Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accomp... | What form of music was A cappella predominately used for in its early years? | {
"answer_start": [
40
],
"text": [
"religious music"
]
} |
572784ba708984140094dfd6 | A_cappella | A cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially church music as well as anasheed and zemirot. Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accomp... | What was considered part of A cappella until the Baroque period? | {
"answer_start": [
231
],
"text": [
"The madrigal"
]
} |
572784ba708984140094dfd7 | A_cappella | A cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially church music as well as anasheed and zemirot. Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accomp... | The madrigal became what type of form that prevented it from being accompanied with A cappella? | {
"answer_start": [
299
],
"text": [
"instrumentally-accompanied"
]
} |
572784ba708984140094dfd8 | A_cappella | A cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially church music as well as anasheed and zemirot. Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accomp... | In what era was most of the vocal music considered A cappella? | {
"answer_start": [
218
],
"text": [
"Renaissance"
]
} |
5727876f5951b619008f8c7b | A_cappella | The polyphony of Christian a cappella music began to develop in Europe around the late 15th century, with compositions by Josquin des Prez. The early a cappella polyphonies may have had an accompanying instrument, although this instrument would merely double the singers' parts and was not independent. By the 16th centu... | Who was a known composer of A cappella music in the 15th century? | {
"answer_start": [
122
],
"text": [
"Josquin des Prez"
]
} |
5727876f5951b619008f8c7c | A_cappella | The polyphony of Christian a cappella music began to develop in Europe around the late 15th century, with compositions by Josquin des Prez. The early a cappella polyphonies may have had an accompanying instrument, although this instrument would merely double the singers' parts and was not independent. By the 16th centu... | Bach was influenced by a popular A cappella composer heavily for what composition? | {
"answer_start": [
885
],
"text": [
"Mass in B Minor"
]
} |
5727876f5951b619008f8c7d | A_cappella | The polyphony of Christian a cappella music began to develop in Europe around the late 15th century, with compositions by Josquin des Prez. The early a cappella polyphonies may have had an accompanying instrument, although this instrument would merely double the singers' parts and was not independent. By the 16th centu... | How many of Schutz's Easter pieces were in the A cappella style? | {
"answer_start": [
1664
],
"text": [
"three"
]
} |
5727876f5951b619008f8c7e | A_cappella | The polyphony of Christian a cappella music began to develop in Europe around the late 15th century, with compositions by Josquin des Prez. The early a cappella polyphonies may have had an accompanying instrument, although this instrument would merely double the singers' parts and was not independent. By the 16th centu... | Lagrime d'amante al sepolcro dell'amata's well known A cappella composition was written in what year? | {
"answer_start": [
1137
],
"text": [
"1610"
]
} |
5727876f5951b619008f8c7f | A_cappella | The polyphony of Christian a cappella music began to develop in Europe around the late 15th century, with compositions by Josquin des Prez. The early a cappella polyphonies may have had an accompanying instrument, although this instrument would merely double the singers' parts and was not independent. By the 16th centu... | Some compositions were found after which composer's death? | {
"answer_start": [
1147
],
"text": [
"Andrea Gabrieli"
]
} |
572789a1708984140094e03b | A_cappella | In the Byzantine Rite of the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Eastern Catholic Churches, the music performed in the liturgies is exclusively sung without instrumental accompaniment. Bishop Kallistos Ware says, "The service is sung, even though there may be no choir... In the Orthodox Church today, as in the early Church... | When did Russian musika show up? | {
"answer_start": [
668
],
"text": [
"khorovïye kontsertï"
]
} |
572789a1708984140094e03c | A_cappella | In the Byzantine Rite of the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Eastern Catholic Churches, the music performed in the liturgies is exclusively sung without instrumental accompaniment. Bishop Kallistos Ware says, "The service is sung, even though there may be no choir... In the Orthodox Church today, as in the early Church... | khorovïye kontsertï were typically done similar to what pieces? | {
"answer_start": [
738
],
"text": [
"Venetian-styled"
]
} |
572789a1708984140094e03d | A_cappella | In the Byzantine Rite of the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Eastern Catholic Churches, the music performed in the liturgies is exclusively sung without instrumental accompaniment. Bishop Kallistos Ware says, "The service is sung, even though there may be no choir... In the Orthodox Church today, as in the early Church... | What bible passage gave rise to certain a cappella attitudes? | {
"answer_start": [
447
],
"text": [
"Psalms 150"
]
} |
572789a1708984140094e03e | A_cappella | In the Byzantine Rite of the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Eastern Catholic Churches, the music performed in the liturgies is exclusively sung without instrumental accompaniment. Bishop Kallistos Ware says, "The service is sung, even though there may be no choir... In the Orthodox Church today, as in the early Church... | Who composed a popular Venetian-styled piece in 1675? | {
"answer_start": [
819
],
"text": [
"Nikolai Diletsky"
]
} |
57278b02708984140094e061 | A_cappella | Present-day Christian religious bodies known for conducting their worship services without musical accompaniment include some Presbyterian churches devoted to the regulative principle of worship, Old Regular Baptists, Primitive Baptists, Plymouth Brethren, Churches of Christ, the Old German Baptist Brethren, Doukhobors... | What is the name of the religious a cappella style used with shape notes? | {
"answer_start": [
690
],
"text": [
"Sacred Harp"
]
} |
57278b02708984140094e062 | A_cappella | Present-day Christian religious bodies known for conducting their worship services without musical accompaniment include some Presbyterian churches devoted to the regulative principle of worship, Old Regular Baptists, Primitive Baptists, Plymouth Brethren, Churches of Christ, the Old German Baptist Brethren, Doukhobors... | A cappella exists in some liturgical churches as an influence from what era? | {
"answer_start": [
593
],
"text": [
"apostolic times"
]
} |
57278b02708984140094e063 | A_cappella | Present-day Christian religious bodies known for conducting their worship services without musical accompaniment include some Presbyterian churches devoted to the regulative principle of worship, Old Regular Baptists, Primitive Baptists, Plymouth Brethren, Churches of Christ, the Old German Baptist Brethren, Doukhobors... | In the modern day, what broad religious group is most known to implement a cappella? | {
"answer_start": [
12
],
"text": [
"Christian religious bodies"
]
} |
57278c6cdd62a815002ea004 | A_cappella | Instruments have divided Christendom since their introduction into worship. They were considered a Catholic innovation, not widely practiced until the 18th century, and were opposed vigorously in worship by a number of Protestant Reformers, including Martin Luther (1483–1546), Ulrich Zwingli, John Calvin (1509–1564) an... | Why were instruments more unwelcome to Christians? | {
"answer_start": [
76
],
"text": [
"They were considered a Catholic innovation"
]
} |
57278c6cdd62a815002ea005 | A_cappella | Instruments have divided Christendom since their introduction into worship. They were considered a Catholic innovation, not widely practiced until the 18th century, and were opposed vigorously in worship by a number of Protestant Reformers, including Martin Luther (1483–1546), Ulrich Zwingli, John Calvin (1509–1564) an... | What was the name of the book in which Jeanie Deans is the protagonist? | {
"answer_start": [
466
],
"text": [
"The Heart of Midlothian"
]
} |
57278c6cdd62a815002ea006 | A_cappella | Instruments have divided Christendom since their introduction into worship. They were considered a Catholic innovation, not widely practiced until the 18th century, and were opposed vigorously in worship by a number of Protestant Reformers, including Martin Luther (1483–1546), Ulrich Zwingli, John Calvin (1509–1564) an... | Who is quoted for saying instruments in religious services are like "A cow bell in a concert" | {
"answer_start": [
347
],
"text": [
"Alexander Campbell"
]
} |
57278c6cdd62a815002ea007 | A_cappella | Instruments have divided Christendom since their introduction into worship. They were considered a Catholic innovation, not widely practiced until the 18th century, and were opposed vigorously in worship by a number of Protestant Reformers, including Martin Luther (1483–1546), Ulrich Zwingli, John Calvin (1509–1564) an... | Who authored The Heart of the Midlothian? | {
"answer_start": [
447
],
"text": [
"Sir Walter Scott"
]
} |
57279bfadd62a815002ea1e6 | A_cappella | Those who subscribe to this interpretation believe that since the Christian scriptures never counter instrumental language with any negative judgment on instruments, opposition to instruments instead comes from an interpretation of history. There is no written opposition to musical instruments in any setting in the fir... | What does the rejection of instruments in Christian music likely stem from? | {
"answer_start": [
211
],
"text": [
"an interpretation of history"
]
} |
57279bfadd62a815002ea1e7 | A_cappella | Those who subscribe to this interpretation believe that since the Christian scriptures never counter instrumental language with any negative judgment on instruments, opposition to instruments instead comes from an interpretation of history. There is no written opposition to musical instruments in any setting in the fir... | During what time is there no record of Christians using instruments for worship? | {
"answer_start": [
365
],
"text": [
"33 AD to 180AD"
]
} |
57279bfadd62a815002ea1e8 | A_cappella | Those who subscribe to this interpretation believe that since the Christian scriptures never counter instrumental language with any negative judgment on instruments, opposition to instruments instead comes from an interpretation of history. There is no written opposition to musical instruments in any setting in the fir... | At what point did instruments begin to receive condemnation from Christians? | {
"answer_start": [
486
],
"text": [
"the 2nd century"
]
} |
57279bfadd62a815002ea1e9 | A_cappella | Those who subscribe to this interpretation believe that since the Christian scriptures never counter instrumental language with any negative judgment on instruments, opposition to instruments instead comes from an interpretation of history. There is no written opposition to musical instruments in any setting in the fir... | For what reason do modern Christians continue to oppose the use of instruments? | {
"answer_start": [
608
],
"text": [
"Church Fathers had a better understanding of God's desire for the church"
]
} |
5727a03f3acd2414000de837 | A_cappella | While worship in the Temple in Jerusalem included musical instruments (2 Chronicles 29:25–27), traditional Jewish religious services in the Synagogue, both before and after the last destruction of the Temple, did not include musical instruments given the practice of scriptural cantillation. The use of musical instrumen... | On what day is using musical instruments not allowed? | {
"answer_start": [
357
],
"text": [
"Sabbath"
]
} |
5727a03f3acd2414000de838 | A_cappella | While worship in the Temple in Jerusalem included musical instruments (2 Chronicles 29:25–27), traditional Jewish religious services in the Synagogue, both before and after the last destruction of the Temple, did not include musical instruments given the practice of scriptural cantillation. The use of musical instrumen... | In what style do Jewish families typically sing Sabbath songs? | {
"answer_start": [
738
],
"text": [
"a cappella"
]
} |
5727a03f3acd2414000de839 | A_cappella | While worship in the Temple in Jerusalem included musical instruments (2 Chronicles 29:25–27), traditional Jewish religious services in the Synagogue, both before and after the last destruction of the Temple, did not include musical instruments given the practice of scriptural cantillation. The use of musical instrumen... | What is a cappella music occasionally called among those of Jewish faith? | {
"answer_start": [
1180
],
"text": [
"sefirah music"
]
} |
5727a03f3acd2414000de83a | A_cappella | While worship in the Temple in Jerusalem included musical instruments (2 Chronicles 29:25–27), traditional Jewish religious services in the Synagogue, both before and after the last destruction of the Temple, did not include musical instruments given the practice of scriptural cantillation. The use of musical instrumen... | How many days are counted between Passover and Shavuot? | {
"answer_start": [
954
],
"text": [
"49"
]
} |
5727a03f3acd2414000de83b | A_cappella | While worship in the Temple in Jerusalem included musical instruments (2 Chronicles 29:25–27), traditional Jewish religious services in the Synagogue, both before and after the last destruction of the Temple, did not include musical instruments given the practice of scriptural cantillation. The use of musical instrumen... | What is part of the time between Passover and Shavuot thought to be? | {
"answer_start": [
1031
],
"text": [
"a time of semi-mourning"
]
} |
5727a4444b864d190016391a | A_cappella | The popularization of the Jewish chant may be found in the writings of the Jewish philosopher Philo, born 20 BCE. Weaving together Jewish and Greek thought, Philo promoted praise without instruments, and taught that "silent singing" (without even vocal chords) was better still. This view parted with the Jewish scriptur... | What is the name of the philosopher who praised music without instruments? | {
"answer_start": [
94
],
"text": [
"Philo"
]
} |
5727a4444b864d190016391b | A_cappella | The popularization of the Jewish chant may be found in the writings of the Jewish philosopher Philo, born 20 BCE. Weaving together Jewish and Greek thought, Philo promoted praise without instruments, and taught that "silent singing" (without even vocal chords) was better still. This view parted with the Jewish scriptur... | What did Philo's views on the absence of instruments clash with? | {
"answer_start": [
305
],
"text": [
"Jewish scriptures"
]
} |
5727a4444b864d190016391c | A_cappella | The popularization of the Jewish chant may be found in the writings of the Jewish philosopher Philo, born 20 BCE. Weaving together Jewish and Greek thought, Philo promoted praise without instruments, and taught that "silent singing" (without even vocal chords) was better still. This view parted with the Jewish scriptur... | What is the one instrument still in use today by the synagogue? | {
"answer_start": [
416
],
"text": [
"shofar"
]
} |
5727a4444b864d190016391d | A_cappella | The popularization of the Jewish chant may be found in the writings of the Jewish philosopher Philo, born 20 BCE. Weaving together Jewish and Greek thought, Philo promoted praise without instruments, and taught that "silent singing" (without even vocal chords) was better still. This view parted with the Jewish scriptur... | The shofar stops being used at the end of what Jewish event? | {
"answer_start": [
556
],
"text": [
"Yom Kippur"
]
} |
5727a4444b864d190016391e | A_cappella | The popularization of the Jewish chant may be found in the writings of the Jewish philosopher Philo, born 20 BCE. Weaving together Jewish and Greek thought, Philo promoted praise without instruments, and taught that "silent singing" (without even vocal chords) was better still. This view parted with the Jewish scriptur... | How is the shofar used? | {
"answer_start": [
587
],
"text": [
"by itself, without any vocal accompaniment"
]
} |
5727a9504b864d19001639cc | A_cappella | A strong and prominent a cappella tradition was begun in the midwest part of the United States in 1911 by F. Melius Christiansen, a music faculty member at St. Olaf College in Northfield, Minnesota. The St. Olaf College Choir was established as an outgrowth of the local St. John's Lutheran Church, where Christiansen wa... | When did a cappella begin to take hold in the United States? | {
"answer_start": [
98
],
"text": [
"1911"
]
} |
5727a9504b864d19001639cd | A_cappella | A strong and prominent a cappella tradition was begun in the midwest part of the United States in 1911 by F. Melius Christiansen, a music faculty member at St. Olaf College in Northfield, Minnesota. The St. Olaf College Choir was established as an outgrowth of the local St. John's Lutheran Church, where Christiansen wa... | What was the name of the choir F. Mellus Christiansen used? | {
"answer_start": [
199
],
"text": [
"The St. Olaf College Choir"
]
} |
5727a9504b864d19001639cf | A_cappella | A strong and prominent a cappella tradition was begun in the midwest part of the United States in 1911 by F. Melius Christiansen, a music faculty member at St. Olaf College in Northfield, Minnesota. The St. Olaf College Choir was established as an outgrowth of the local St. John's Lutheran Church, where Christiansen wa... | Who did the St. Olaf Choir influence? | {
"answer_start": [
468
],
"text": [
"other regional conductors"
]
} |
5727a9504b864d19001639ce | A_cappella | A strong and prominent a cappella tradition was begun in the midwest part of the United States in 1911 by F. Melius Christiansen, a music faculty member at St. Olaf College in Northfield, Minnesota. The St. Olaf College Choir was established as an outgrowth of the local St. John's Lutheran Church, where Christiansen wa... | How many singers are typically in the choirs? | {
"answer_start": [
909
],
"text": [
"40 to 80"
]
} |
5727ac192ca10214002d9358 | A_cappella | In July 1943, as a result of the American Federation of Musicians boycott of US recording studios, the a cappella vocal group The Song Spinners had a best-seller with "Comin' In On A Wing And A Prayer". In the 1950s several recording groups, notably The Hi-Los and the Four Freshmen, introduced complex jazz harmonies to... | What a cappella group rose to popularity in 1943? | {
"answer_start": [
126
],
"text": [
"The Song Spinners"
]
} |
5727ac192ca10214002d9359 | A_cappella | In July 1943, as a result of the American Federation of Musicians boycott of US recording studios, the a cappella vocal group The Song Spinners had a best-seller with "Comin' In On A Wing And A Prayer". In the 1950s several recording groups, notably The Hi-Los and the Four Freshmen, introduced complex jazz harmonies to... | What was boycotted by American musicians in 1943? | {
"answer_start": [
77
],
"text": [
"US recording studios"
]
} |
5727ac192ca10214002d935a | A_cappella | In July 1943, as a result of the American Federation of Musicians boycott of US recording studios, the a cappella vocal group The Song Spinners had a best-seller with "Comin' In On A Wing And A Prayer". In the 1950s several recording groups, notably The Hi-Los and the Four Freshmen, introduced complex jazz harmonies to... | Who is credited for first introducing elements of Jazz into a cappella? | {
"answer_start": [
250
],
"text": [
"The Hi-Los and the Four Freshmen"
]
} |
5727ac192ca10214002d935b | A_cappella | In July 1943, as a result of the American Federation of Musicians boycott of US recording studios, the a cappella vocal group The Song Spinners had a best-seller with "Comin' In On A Wing And A Prayer". In the 1950s several recording groups, notably The Hi-Los and the Four Freshmen, introduced complex jazz harmonies to... | What number one song was covered by an a cappella group in 1983? | {
"answer_start": [
599
],
"text": [
"\"Only You\""
]
} |
5727ac192ca10214002d935c | A_cappella | In July 1943, as a result of the American Federation of Musicians boycott of US recording studios, the a cappella vocal group The Song Spinners had a best-seller with "Comin' In On A Wing And A Prayer". In the 1950s several recording groups, notably The Hi-Los and the Four Freshmen, introduced complex jazz harmonies to... | During and after the 80's, what helped a cappella music rise in popularity? | {
"answer_start": [
695
],
"text": [
"the success of Top 40 recordings"
]
} |
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