id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 442
values | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 270 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
5727bd644b864d1900163c12 | Tibet | The Tibetan name for their land, Bod བོད་, means "Tibet" or "Tibetan Plateau", although it originally meant the central region around Lhasa, now known in Tibetan as Ü. The Standard Tibetan pronunciation of Bod, [pʰøʔ˨˧˨], is transcribed Bhö in Tournadre Phonetic Transcription, Bö in the THL Simplified Phonetic Transcri... | What is the Tibetan name for the area? | {
"answer_start": [
33
],
"text": [
"Bod"
]
} |
5727bd644b864d1900163c13 | Tibet | The Tibetan name for their land, Bod བོད་, means "Tibet" or "Tibetan Plateau", although it originally meant the central region around Lhasa, now known in Tibetan as Ü. The Standard Tibetan pronunciation of Bod, [pʰøʔ˨˧˨], is transcribed Bhö in Tournadre Phonetic Transcription, Bö in the THL Simplified Phonetic Transcri... | Which ancient people were mentioned in the first written reference to Bod "Tibet"? | {
"answer_start": [
434
],
"text": [
"Bautai"
]
} |
5727bd644b864d1900163c14 | Tibet | The Tibetan name for their land, Bod བོད་, means "Tibet" or "Tibetan Plateau", although it originally meant the central region around Lhasa, now known in Tibetan as Ü. The Standard Tibetan pronunciation of Bod, [pʰøʔ˨˧˨], is transcribed Bhö in Tournadre Phonetic Transcription, Bö in the THL Simplified Phonetic Transcri... | What area did Bod originally refer to? | {
"answer_start": [
112
],
"text": [
"central region around Lhasa"
]
} |
5727be6f3acd2414000deb39 | Tibet | The modern Standard Chinese exonym for the ethnic Tibetan region is Zangqu (Chinese: 藏区; pinyin: Zàngqū), which derives by metonymy from the Tsang region around Shigatse plus the addition of a Chinese suffix, 区 qū, which means "area, district, region, ward". Tibetan people, language, and culture, regardless of where th... | How is the ethnic Tibetan region referred to as a modern Standard Chinese exonym? | {
"answer_start": [
68
],
"text": [
"Zangqu"
]
} |
5727be6f3acd2414000deb3a | Tibet | The modern Standard Chinese exonym for the ethnic Tibetan region is Zangqu (Chinese: 藏区; pinyin: Zàngqū), which derives by metonymy from the Tsang region around Shigatse plus the addition of a Chinese suffix, 区 qū, which means "area, district, region, ward". Tibetan people, language, and culture, regardless of where th... | How do the Chinese refer to Tibetan people, language, and culture? | {
"answer_start": [
352
],
"text": [
"Zang"
]
} |
5727be6f3acd2414000deb3b | Tibet | The modern Standard Chinese exonym for the ethnic Tibetan region is Zangqu (Chinese: 藏区; pinyin: Zàngqū), which derives by metonymy from the Tsang region around Shigatse plus the addition of a Chinese suffix, 区 qū, which means "area, district, region, ward". Tibetan people, language, and culture, regardless of where th... | During which dynasty was the term Xizang first used? | {
"answer_start": [
509
],
"text": [
"Qing"
]
} |
5727be6f3acd2414000deb3c | Tibet | The modern Standard Chinese exonym for the ethnic Tibetan region is Zangqu (Chinese: 藏区; pinyin: Zàngqū), which derives by metonymy from the Tsang region around Shigatse plus the addition of a Chinese suffix, 区 qū, which means "area, district, region, ward". Tibetan people, language, and culture, regardless of where th... | Which Chinese suffix means "area, district, region, ward"? | {
"answer_start": [
211
],
"text": [
"qū"
]
} |
5727bf403acd2414000deb5b | Tibet | The best-known medieval Chinese name for Tibet is Tubo (Chinese: 吐蕃 also written as 土蕃 or 土番; pinyin: Tǔbō or Tǔfān). This name first appears in Chinese characters as 土番 in the 7th century (Li Tai) and as 吐蕃 in the 10th-century (Old Book of Tang describing 608–609 emissaries from Tibetan King Namri Songtsen to Emperor ... | What is the best-known medieval Chinese name for Tibet? | {
"answer_start": [
50
],
"text": [
"Tubo"
]
} |
5727bf403acd2414000deb5c | Tibet | The best-known medieval Chinese name for Tibet is Tubo (Chinese: 吐蕃 also written as 土蕃 or 土番; pinyin: Tǔbō or Tǔfān). This name first appears in Chinese characters as 土番 in the 7th century (Li Tai) and as 吐蕃 in the 10th-century (Old Book of Tang describing 608–609 emissaries from Tibetan King Namri Songtsen to Emperor ... | When did the name for Tibet, Tubo, first appear in Chinese characters? | {
"answer_start": [
177
],
"text": [
"7th century"
]
} |
5727bf403acd2414000deb5d | Tibet | The best-known medieval Chinese name for Tibet is Tubo (Chinese: 吐蕃 also written as 土蕃 or 土番; pinyin: Tǔbō or Tǔfān). This name first appears in Chinese characters as 土番 in the 7th century (Li Tai) and as 吐蕃 in the 10th-century (Old Book of Tang describing 608–609 emissaries from Tibetan King Namri Songtsen to Emperor ... | Who reconstructed Middle Chinese spoken from the 7th century to the 10th century? | {
"answer_start": [
403
],
"text": [
"William H. Baxter"
]
} |
5727bfeb3acd2414000deb7d | Tibet | Other pre-modern Chinese names for Tibet include Wusiguo (Chinese: 烏斯國; pinyin: Wūsīguó; cf. Tibetan dbus, Ü, [wyʔ˨˧˨]), Wusizang (Chinese: 烏斯藏; pinyin: wūsīzàng, cf. Tibetan dbus-gtsang, Ü-Tsang), Tubote (Chinese: 圖伯特; pinyin: Túbótè), and Tanggute (Chinese: 唐古忒; pinyin: Tánggǔtè, cf. Tangut). American Tibetologist El... | Who is an American Tibetologist? | {
"answer_start": [
318
],
"text": [
"Elliot Sperling"
]
} |
5727bfeb3acd2414000deb7e | Tibet | Other pre-modern Chinese names for Tibet include Wusiguo (Chinese: 烏斯國; pinyin: Wūsīguó; cf. Tibetan dbus, Ü, [wyʔ˨˧˨]), Wusizang (Chinese: 烏斯藏; pinyin: wūsīzàng, cf. Tibetan dbus-gtsang, Ü-Tsang), Tubote (Chinese: 圖伯特; pinyin: Túbótè), and Tanggute (Chinese: 唐古忒; pinyin: Tánggǔtè, cf. Tangut). American Tibetologist El... | What name for Tibet most clearly includes the entire Tibetan plateau? | {
"answer_start": [
559
],
"text": [
"Tubote"
]
} |
5727bfeb3acd2414000deb7f | Tibet | Other pre-modern Chinese names for Tibet include Wusiguo (Chinese: 烏斯國; pinyin: Wūsīguó; cf. Tibetan dbus, Ü, [wyʔ˨˧˨]), Wusizang (Chinese: 烏斯藏; pinyin: wūsīzàng, cf. Tibetan dbus-gtsang, Ü-Tsang), Tubote (Chinese: 圖伯特; pinyin: Túbótè), and Tanggute (Chinese: 唐古忒; pinyin: Tánggǔtè, cf. Tangut). American Tibetologist El... | What is another pre-modern Chinese name for Tibet? | {
"answer_start": [
49
],
"text": [
"Wusiguo"
]
} |
5727c1ae2ca10214002d957e | Tibet | The language has numerous regional dialects which are generally not mutually intelligible. It is employed throughout the Tibetan plateau and Bhutan and is also spoken in parts of Nepal and northern India, such as Sikkim. In general, the dialects of central Tibet (including Lhasa), Kham, Amdo and some smaller nearby are... | How many people across the Tibetan Plateau speak 'greater Tibetan'? | {
"answer_start": [
639
],
"text": [
"approximately 6 million"
]
} |
5727c1ae2ca10214002d957f | Tibet | The language has numerous regional dialects which are generally not mutually intelligible. It is employed throughout the Tibetan plateau and Bhutan and is also spoken in parts of Nepal and northern India, such as Sikkim. In general, the dialects of central Tibet (including Lhasa), Kham, Amdo and some smaller nearby are... | How many people who have fled modern-day Tibet are considered to be exile speakers of Tibetan? | {
"answer_start": [
724
],
"text": [
"approximately 150,000"
]
} |
5727c1ae2ca10214002d9580 | Tibet | The language has numerous regional dialects which are generally not mutually intelligible. It is employed throughout the Tibetan plateau and Bhutan and is also spoken in parts of Nepal and northern India, such as Sikkim. In general, the dialects of central Tibet (including Lhasa), Kham, Amdo and some smaller nearby are... | Why are Dzongkha, Sikkimese, Sherpa, and Ladakhi considered to be separate languages? | {
"answer_start": [
470
],
"text": [
"political reasons"
]
} |
5727c2efff5b5019007d9490 | Tibet | Although spoken Tibetan varies according to the region, the written language, based on Classical Tibetan, is consistent throughout. This is probably due to the long-standing influence of the Tibetan empire, whose rule embraced (and extended at times far beyond) the present Tibetan linguistic area, which runs from north... | What is written Tibetan base on? | {
"answer_start": [
87
],
"text": [
"Classical Tibetan"
]
} |
5727c2efff5b5019007d9491 | Tibet | Although spoken Tibetan varies according to the region, the written language, based on Classical Tibetan, is consistent throughout. This is probably due to the long-standing influence of the Tibetan empire, whose rule embraced (and extended at times far beyond) the present Tibetan linguistic area, which runs from north... | What influenced the consistency of the written Tibetan language? | {
"answer_start": [
191
],
"text": [
"Tibetan empire"
]
} |
5727c2efff5b5019007d9492 | Tibet | Although spoken Tibetan varies according to the region, the written language, based on Classical Tibetan, is consistent throughout. This is probably due to the long-standing influence of the Tibetan empire, whose rule embraced (and extended at times far beyond) the present Tibetan linguistic area, which runs from north... | From what was the Tibetan language's script derived? | {
"answer_start": [
548
],
"text": [
"ancient Indian Brāhmī script"
]
} |
5727c4ac2ca10214002d95d2 | Tibet | The earliest Tibetan historical texts identify the Zhang Zhung culture as a people who migrated from the Amdo region into what is now the region of Guge in western Tibet. Zhang Zhung is considered to be the original home of the Bön religion. By the 1st century BCE, a neighboring kingdom arose in the Yarlung valley, and... | Where did the Zhang Zhung people migrate from? | {
"answer_start": [
105
],
"text": [
"Amdo region"
]
} |
5727c4ac2ca10214002d95d3 | Tibet | The earliest Tibetan historical texts identify the Zhang Zhung culture as a people who migrated from the Amdo region into what is now the region of Guge in western Tibet. Zhang Zhung is considered to be the original home of the Bön religion. By the 1st century BCE, a neighboring kingdom arose in the Yarlung valley, and... | Where did the Zhang Zhung people migrate to? | {
"answer_start": [
156
],
"text": [
"western Tibet"
]
} |
5727c4ac2ca10214002d95d4 | Tibet | The earliest Tibetan historical texts identify the Zhang Zhung culture as a people who migrated from the Amdo region into what is now the region of Guge in western Tibet. Zhang Zhung is considered to be the original home of the Bön religion. By the 1st century BCE, a neighboring kingdom arose in the Yarlung valley, and... | What is considered to be the original home of the Bon religion? | {
"answer_start": [
171
],
"text": [
"Zhang Zhung"
]
} |
5727c4ac2ca10214002d95d5 | Tibet | The earliest Tibetan historical texts identify the Zhang Zhung culture as a people who migrated from the Amdo region into what is now the region of Guge in western Tibet. Zhang Zhung is considered to be the original home of the Bön religion. By the 1st century BCE, a neighboring kingdom arose in the Yarlung valley, and... | Which Yarlung king attempted to remove the influence of the Zhang Zhung? | {
"answer_start": [
339
],
"text": [
"Drigum Tsenpo"
]
} |
5727c4ac2ca10214002d95d6 | Tibet | The earliest Tibetan historical texts identify the Zhang Zhung culture as a people who migrated from the Amdo region into what is now the region of Guge in western Tibet. Zhang Zhung is considered to be the original home of the Bön religion. By the 1st century BCE, a neighboring kingdom arose in the Yarlung valley, and... | Who was the first factual king of Tibet? | {
"answer_start": [
600
],
"text": [
"Songtsän Gampo"
]
} |
5727c5984b864d1900163cde | Tibet | The history of a unified Tibet begins with the rule of Songtsän Gampo (604–650 CE), who united parts of the Yarlung River Valley and founded the Tibetan Empire. He also brought in many reforms, and Tibetan power spread rapidly, creating a large and powerful empire. It is traditionally considered that his first wife was... | Who founded the Tibetan Empire? | {
"answer_start": [
55
],
"text": [
"Songtsän Gampo"
]
} |
5727c5984b864d1900163cdf | Tibet | The history of a unified Tibet begins with the rule of Songtsän Gampo (604–650 CE), who united parts of the Yarlung River Valley and founded the Tibetan Empire. He also brought in many reforms, and Tibetan power spread rapidly, creating a large and powerful empire. It is traditionally considered that his first wife was... | Who did Songtsan Gampo marry in 640? | {
"answer_start": [
448
],
"text": [
"Princess Wencheng"
]
} |
5727c5984b864d1900163ce0 | Tibet | The history of a unified Tibet begins with the rule of Songtsän Gampo (604–650 CE), who united parts of the Yarlung River Valley and founded the Tibetan Empire. He also brought in many reforms, and Tibetan power spread rapidly, creating a large and powerful empire. It is traditionally considered that his first wife was... | Who was Songtsan Gampo's first wife? | {
"answer_start": [
325
],
"text": [
"Princess of Nepal, Bhrikuti"
]
} |
5727c5984b864d1900163ce1 | Tibet | The history of a unified Tibet begins with the rule of Songtsän Gampo (604–650 CE), who united parts of the Yarlung River Valley and founded the Tibetan Empire. He also brought in many reforms, and Tibetan power spread rapidly, creating a large and powerful empire. It is traditionally considered that his first wife was... | What did Songtsan Gampo unite? | {
"answer_start": [
95
],
"text": [
"parts of the Yarlung River Valley"
]
} |
5727c72dff5b5019007d94f0 | Tibet | In 821/822 CE Tibet and China signed a peace treaty. A bilingual account of this treaty, including details of the borders between the two countries, is inscribed on a stone pillar which stands outside the Jokhang temple in Lhasa. Tibet continued as a Central Asian empire until the mid-9th century, when a civil war over... | When did Tibet and China sign a peace treaty? | {
"answer_start": [
3
],
"text": [
"821/822 CE"
]
} |
5727c72dff5b5019007d94f1 | Tibet | In 821/822 CE Tibet and China signed a peace treaty. A bilingual account of this treaty, including details of the borders between the two countries, is inscribed on a stone pillar which stands outside the Jokhang temple in Lhasa. Tibet continued as a Central Asian empire until the mid-9th century, when a civil war over... | Where does a bilingual account of Tibet and China's peace treaty exist? | {
"answer_start": [
205
],
"text": [
"Jokhang temple in Lhasa"
]
} |
5727c72dff5b5019007d94f2 | Tibet | In 821/822 CE Tibet and China signed a peace treaty. A bilingual account of this treaty, including details of the borders between the two countries, is inscribed on a stone pillar which stands outside the Jokhang temple in Lhasa. Tibet continued as a Central Asian empire until the mid-9th century, when a civil war over... | When did a civil war over succession lead to the collapse of imperial Tibet? | {
"answer_start": [
282
],
"text": [
"mid-9th century"
]
} |
5727c72dff5b5019007d94f3 | Tibet | In 821/822 CE Tibet and China signed a peace treaty. A bilingual account of this treaty, including details of the borders between the two countries, is inscribed on a stone pillar which stands outside the Jokhang temple in Lhasa. Tibet continued as a Central Asian empire until the mid-9th century, when a civil war over... | What followed the collapse of imperial Tibet? | {
"answer_start": [
426
],
"text": [
"Era of Fragmentation"
]
} |
5727c72dff5b5019007d94f4 | Tibet | In 821/822 CE Tibet and China signed a peace treaty. A bilingual account of this treaty, including details of the borders between the two countries, is inscribed on a stone pillar which stands outside the Jokhang temple in Lhasa. Tibet continued as a Central Asian empire until the mid-9th century, when a civil war over... | What was divided between warlords and tribes with no dominant centralized authority? | {
"answer_start": [
453
],
"text": [
"political control over Tibet"
]
} |
5727cc684b864d1900163d58 | Tibet | The Mongol Yuan dynasty, through the Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs, or Xuanzheng Yuan, ruled Tibet through a top-level administrative department. One of the department's purposes was to select a dpon-chen ('great administrator'), usually appointed by the lama and confirmed by the Mongol emperor in Beijing. The... | Which dynasty ruled Tibet through a top-level administrative department? | {
"answer_start": [
4
],
"text": [
"Mongol Yuan"
]
} |
5727cc684b864d1900163d59 | Tibet | The Mongol Yuan dynasty, through the Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs, or Xuanzheng Yuan, ruled Tibet through a top-level administrative department. One of the department's purposes was to select a dpon-chen ('great administrator'), usually appointed by the lama and confirmed by the Mongol emperor in Beijing. The... | What was a dpon-chen? | {
"answer_start": [
216
],
"text": [
"great administrator"
]
} |
5727cc684b864d1900163d5a | Tibet | The Mongol Yuan dynasty, through the Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs, or Xuanzheng Yuan, ruled Tibet through a top-level administrative department. One of the department's purposes was to select a dpon-chen ('great administrator'), usually appointed by the lama and confirmed by the Mongol emperor in Beijing. The... | Who confirmed the dpon-chen? | {
"answer_start": [
290
],
"text": [
"Mongol emperor"
]
} |
5727cc684b864d1900163d5b | Tibet | The Mongol Yuan dynasty, through the Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs, or Xuanzheng Yuan, ruled Tibet through a top-level administrative department. One of the department's purposes was to select a dpon-chen ('great administrator'), usually appointed by the lama and confirmed by the Mongol emperor in Beijing. The... | Who was the political authority of the region? | {
"answer_start": [
321
],
"text": [
"Sakya lama"
]
} |
5727cc684b864d1900163d5c | Tibet | The Mongol Yuan dynasty, through the Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs, or Xuanzheng Yuan, ruled Tibet through a top-level administrative department. One of the department's purposes was to select a dpon-chen ('great administrator'), usually appointed by the lama and confirmed by the Mongol emperor in Beijing. The... | Who held administrative and military power? | {
"answer_start": [
422
],
"text": [
"dpon-chen"
]
} |
5727d1da2ca10214002d974e | Tibet | Tibet retained nominal power over religious and regional political affairs, while the Mongols managed a structural and administrative rule over the region, reinforced by the rare military intervention. This existed as a "diarchic structure" under the Yuan emperor, with power primarily in favor of the Mongols. Mongolian... | Who managed religious and regional political affairs? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Tibet"
]
} |
5727d1da2ca10214002d974f | Tibet | Tibet retained nominal power over religious and regional political affairs, while the Mongols managed a structural and administrative rule over the region, reinforced by the rare military intervention. This existed as a "diarchic structure" under the Yuan emperor, with power primarily in favor of the Mongols. Mongolian... | Who managed structural and administrative rule? | {
"answer_start": [
86
],
"text": [
"Mongols"
]
} |
5727d1da2ca10214002d9750 | Tibet | Tibet retained nominal power over religious and regional political affairs, while the Mongols managed a structural and administrative rule over the region, reinforced by the rare military intervention. This existed as a "diarchic structure" under the Yuan emperor, with power primarily in favor of the Mongols. Mongolian... | Who gained temporal power in Tibet in the 1240s? | {
"answer_start": [
311
],
"text": [
"Mongolian prince Khuden"
]
} |
5727d1da2ca10214002d9751 | Tibet | Tibet retained nominal power over religious and regional political affairs, while the Mongols managed a structural and administrative rule over the region, reinforced by the rare military intervention. This existed as a "diarchic structure" under the Yuan emperor, with power primarily in favor of the Mongols. Mongolian... | Who founded the Yuan dynasty? | {
"answer_start": [
501
],
"text": [
"Imperial Preceptor of Kublai Khan"
]
} |
5727d47eff5b5019007d9650 | Tibet | Between 1346 and 1354, Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen toppled the Sakya and founded the Phagmodrupa Dynasty. The following 80 years saw the founding of the Gelug school (also known as Yellow Hats) by the disciples of Je Tsongkhapa, and the founding of the important Ganden, Drepung and Sera monasteries near Lhasa. However,... | When was the Phagmodrupa Dynasty founded? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Between 1346 and 1354"
]
} |
5727d47eff5b5019007d9651 | Tibet | Between 1346 and 1354, Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen toppled the Sakya and founded the Phagmodrupa Dynasty. The following 80 years saw the founding of the Gelug school (also known as Yellow Hats) by the disciples of Je Tsongkhapa, and the founding of the important Ganden, Drepung and Sera monasteries near Lhasa. However,... | Who founded the Gelug school? | {
"answer_start": [
201
],
"text": [
"disciples of Je Tsongkhapa"
]
} |
5727d47eff5b5019007d9652 | Tibet | Between 1346 and 1354, Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen toppled the Sakya and founded the Phagmodrupa Dynasty. The following 80 years saw the founding of the Gelug school (also known as Yellow Hats) by the disciples of Je Tsongkhapa, and the founding of the important Ganden, Drepung and Sera monasteries near Lhasa. However,... | Who dominated politics after 1435? | {
"answer_start": [
482
],
"text": [
"minister family Rinpungpa"
]
} |
5727d47eff5b5019007d9653 | Tibet | Between 1346 and 1354, Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen toppled the Sakya and founded the Phagmodrupa Dynasty. The following 80 years saw the founding of the Gelug school (also known as Yellow Hats) by the disciples of Je Tsongkhapa, and the founding of the important Ganden, Drepung and Sera monasteries near Lhasa. However,... | What sect did the Tsangpa Dynasty of Shigatse favor? | {
"answer_start": [
741
],
"text": [
"Karma Kagyu"
]
} |
5727d5153acd2414000deda1 | Tibet | The 5th Dalai Lama is known for unifying the Tibetan heartland under the control of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism, after defeating the rival Kagyu and Jonang sects and the secular ruler, the Tsangpa prince, in a prolonged civil war. His efforts were successful in part because of aid from Güshi Khan, the Oirat le... | Who is known for unifying the Tibetan heartland? | {
"answer_start": [
4
],
"text": [
"5th Dalai Lama"
]
} |
5727d5153acd2414000deda2 | Tibet | The 5th Dalai Lama is known for unifying the Tibetan heartland under the control of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism, after defeating the rival Kagyu and Jonang sects and the secular ruler, the Tsangpa prince, in a prolonged civil war. His efforts were successful in part because of aid from Güshi Khan, the Oirat le... | Who helped the 5th Dalai Lama? | {
"answer_start": [
296
],
"text": [
"Güshi Khan"
]
} |
5727d5153acd2414000deda3 | Tibet | The 5th Dalai Lama is known for unifying the Tibetan heartland under the control of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism, after defeating the rival Kagyu and Jonang sects and the secular ruler, the Tsangpa prince, in a prolonged civil war. His efforts were successful in part because of aid from Güshi Khan, the Oirat le... | What did the 5th Dalai Lama and his intimates establish? | {
"answer_start": [
513
],
"text": [
"Lhasa state"
]
} |
5727d5153acd2414000deda4 | Tibet | The 5th Dalai Lama is known for unifying the Tibetan heartland under the control of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism, after defeating the rival Kagyu and Jonang sects and the secular ruler, the Tsangpa prince, in a prolonged civil war. His efforts were successful in part because of aid from Güshi Khan, the Oirat le... | What is the Tibetan goverment referred to as? | {
"answer_start": [
587
],
"text": [
"Ganden Phodrang"
]
} |
5727d6102ca10214002d97ac | Tibet | Qing dynasty rule in Tibet began with their 1720 expedition to the country when they expelled the invading Dzungars. Amdo came under Qing control in 1724, and eastern Kham was incorporated into neighbouring Chinese provinces in 1728. Meanwhile, the Qing government sent resident commissioners called Ambans to Lhasa. In ... | When did the Qing dynasty begin to rule in Tibet? | {
"answer_start": [
44
],
"text": [
"1720"
]
} |
5727d6102ca10214002d97ad | Tibet | Qing dynasty rule in Tibet began with their 1720 expedition to the country when they expelled the invading Dzungars. Amdo came under Qing control in 1724, and eastern Kham was incorporated into neighbouring Chinese provinces in 1728. Meanwhile, the Qing government sent resident commissioners called Ambans to Lhasa. In ... | When did Amdo come under Qing control? | {
"answer_start": [
149
],
"text": [
"1724"
]
} |
5727d6102ca10214002d97ae | Tibet | Qing dynasty rule in Tibet began with their 1720 expedition to the country when they expelled the invading Dzungars. Amdo came under Qing control in 1724, and eastern Kham was incorporated into neighbouring Chinese provinces in 1728. Meanwhile, the Qing government sent resident commissioners called Ambans to Lhasa. In ... | When was Kham incorporated into neighboring Chinese provinces? | {
"answer_start": [
228
],
"text": [
"1728"
]
} |
5727d6102ca10214002d97af | Tibet | Qing dynasty rule in Tibet began with their 1720 expedition to the country when they expelled the invading Dzungars. Amdo came under Qing control in 1724, and eastern Kham was incorporated into neighbouring Chinese provinces in 1728. Meanwhile, the Qing government sent resident commissioners called Ambans to Lhasa. In ... | Who restored the Dalai Lama as a ruler? | {
"answer_start": [
857
],
"text": [
"Qing"
]
} |
5727d6112ca10214002d97b0 | Tibet | Qing dynasty rule in Tibet began with their 1720 expedition to the country when they expelled the invading Dzungars. Amdo came under Qing control in 1724, and eastern Kham was incorporated into neighbouring Chinese provinces in 1728. Meanwhile, the Qing government sent resident commissioners called Ambans to Lhasa. In ... | What was the governing councel called? | {
"answer_start": [
937
],
"text": [
"Kashag"
]
} |
5727d6c43acd2414000dedd1 | Tibet | For several decades, peace reigned in Tibet, but in 1792 the Qing Qianlong Emperor sent a large Chinese army into Tibet to push the invading Nepalese out. This prompted yet another Qing reorganization of the Tibetan government, this time through a written plan called the "Twenty-Nine Regulations for Better Government i... | When did the Qing Qianlong Emperor send a large Chinese army into Tibet? | {
"answer_start": [
52
],
"text": [
"1792"
]
} |
5727d6c43acd2414000dedd2 | Tibet | For several decades, peace reigned in Tibet, but in 1792 the Qing Qianlong Emperor sent a large Chinese army into Tibet to push the invading Nepalese out. This prompted yet another Qing reorganization of the Tibetan government, this time through a written plan called the "Twenty-Nine Regulations for Better Government i... | Why did the Qing Qianlong Emperor send a large Chinese army into Tibet? | {
"answer_start": [
123
],
"text": [
"push the invading Nepalese out"
]
} |
5727d6c43acd2414000dedd3 | Tibet | For several decades, peace reigned in Tibet, but in 1792 the Qing Qianlong Emperor sent a large Chinese army into Tibet to push the invading Nepalese out. This prompted yet another Qing reorganization of the Tibetan government, this time through a written plan called the "Twenty-Nine Regulations for Better Government i... | What was the Qing reorganization of the Tibetan called? | {
"answer_start": [
273
],
"text": [
"Twenty-Nine Regulations for Better Government in Tibet"
]
} |
5727d6c43acd2414000dedd4 | Tibet | For several decades, peace reigned in Tibet, but in 1792 the Qing Qianlong Emperor sent a large Chinese army into Tibet to push the invading Nepalese out. This prompted yet another Qing reorganization of the Tibetan government, this time through a written plan called the "Twenty-Nine Regulations for Better Government i... | When was Tibet dominated by the Manchus? | {
"answer_start": [
491
],
"text": [
"18th century"
]
} |
5727d7c14b864d1900163e48 | Tibet | This period also saw some contacts with Jesuits and Capuchins from Europe, and in 1774 a Scottish nobleman, George Bogle, came to Shigatse to investigate prospects of trade for the British East India Company. However, in the 19th century the situation of foreigners in Tibet grew more tenuous. The British Empire was enc... | When did George Bogle come to Shigatse to investigate prospects of trade. | {
"answer_start": [
82
],
"text": [
"1774"
]
} |
5727d7c14b864d1900163e49 | Tibet | This period also saw some contacts with Jesuits and Capuchins from Europe, and in 1774 a Scottish nobleman, George Bogle, came to Shigatse to investigate prospects of trade for the British East India Company. However, in the 19th century the situation of foreigners in Tibet grew more tenuous. The British Empire was enc... | Who came to Tibet from Europe? | {
"answer_start": [
40
],
"text": [
"Jesuits and Capuchins"
]
} |
5727d7c14b864d1900163e4a | Tibet | This period also saw some contacts with Jesuits and Capuchins from Europe, and in 1774 a Scottish nobleman, George Bogle, came to Shigatse to investigate prospects of trade for the British East India Company. However, in the 19th century the situation of foreigners in Tibet grew more tenuous. The British Empire was enc... | When did the British and Russian empires begin encroaching on Tibet? | {
"answer_start": [
225
],
"text": [
"19th century"
]
} |
5727d8bc4b864d1900163e64 | Tibet | In 1904, a British expedition to Tibet, spurred in part by a fear that Russia was extending its power into Tibet as part of The Great Game, invaded the country, hoping that negotiations with the 13th Dalai Lama would be more effective than with Chinese representatives. When the British-led invasion reached Tibet on Dec... | When did a British expedition to Tibet invade the country? | {
"answer_start": [
3
],
"text": [
"1904"
]
} |
5727d8bc4b864d1900163e65 | Tibet | In 1904, a British expedition to Tibet, spurred in part by a fear that Russia was extending its power into Tibet as part of The Great Game, invaded the country, hoping that negotiations with the 13th Dalai Lama would be more effective than with Chinese representatives. When the British-led invasion reached Tibet on Dec... | With whom were the British hopeing to negotiate? | {
"answer_start": [
195
],
"text": [
"13th Dalai Lama"
]
} |
5727d8bc4b864d1900163e66 | Tibet | In 1904, a British expedition to Tibet, spurred in part by a fear that Russia was extending its power into Tibet as part of The Great Game, invaded the country, hoping that negotiations with the 13th Dalai Lama would be more effective than with Chinese representatives. When the British-led invasion reached Tibet on Dec... | How many Tibetan troops died at the Massacre of Chumik Shenko? | {
"answer_start": [
445
],
"text": [
"600"
]
} |
5727d8bc4b864d1900163e67 | Tibet | In 1904, a British expedition to Tibet, spurred in part by a fear that Russia was extending its power into Tibet as part of The Great Game, invaded the country, hoping that negotiations with the 13th Dalai Lama would be more effective than with Chinese representatives. When the British-led invasion reached Tibet on Dec... | How many British troops died at the Massacre of Chumik Shenko? | {
"answer_start": [
505
],
"text": [
"12"
]
} |
5727d8bc4b864d1900163e68 | Tibet | In 1904, a British expedition to Tibet, spurred in part by a fear that Russia was extending its power into Tibet as part of The Great Game, invaded the country, hoping that negotiations with the 13th Dalai Lama would be more effective than with Chinese representatives. When the British-led invasion reached Tibet on Dec... | Who imposed the Treaty of Lhasa? | {
"answer_start": [
549
],
"text": [
"Francis Younghusband"
]
} |
5727d99a3acd2414000dee0d | Tibet | After the Xinhai Revolution (1911–12) toppled the Qing dynasty and the last Qing troops were escorted out of Tibet, the new Republic of China apologized for the actions of the Qing and offered to restore the Dalai Lama's title. The Dalai Lama refused any Chinese title and declared himself ruler of an independent Tibet.... | When did the Xinhai Revolution topple the Qing dynasty? | {
"answer_start": [
29
],
"text": [
"1911–12"
]
} |
5727d99a3acd2414000dee0e | Tibet | After the Xinhai Revolution (1911–12) toppled the Qing dynasty and the last Qing troops were escorted out of Tibet, the new Republic of China apologized for the actions of the Qing and offered to restore the Dalai Lama's title. The Dalai Lama refused any Chinese title and declared himself ruler of an independent Tibet.... | Who declared himself ruler of an independent Tibet? | {
"answer_start": [
232
],
"text": [
"Dalai Lama"
]
} |
5727d99a3acd2414000dee0f | Tibet | After the Xinhai Revolution (1911–12) toppled the Qing dynasty and the last Qing troops were escorted out of Tibet, the new Republic of China apologized for the actions of the Qing and offered to restore the Dalai Lama's title. The Dalai Lama refused any Chinese title and declared himself ruler of an independent Tibet.... | When did Tibet and Mongolia conclude a treaty of mutual recognition? | {
"answer_start": [
324
],
"text": [
"1913"
]
} |
5727d99a3acd2414000dee10 | Tibet | After the Xinhai Revolution (1911–12) toppled the Qing dynasty and the last Qing troops were escorted out of Tibet, the new Republic of China apologized for the actions of the Qing and offered to restore the Dalai Lama's title. The Dalai Lama refused any Chinese title and declared himself ruler of an independent Tibet.... | When did the Tibetan government sign the Simla Accord with Britain? | {
"answer_start": [
672
],
"text": [
"1914"
]
} |
5727d99a3acd2414000dee11 | Tibet | After the Xinhai Revolution (1911–12) toppled the Qing dynasty and the last Qing troops were escorted out of Tibet, the new Republic of China apologized for the actions of the Qing and offered to restore the Dalai Lama's title. The Dalai Lama refused any Chinese title and declared himself ruler of an independent Tibet.... | Why did the Chinese goverment denounce the accord? | {
"answer_start": [
836
],
"text": [
"illegal"
]
} |
5727dad9ff5b5019007d96e8 | Tibet | After the Dalai Lama's government fled to Dharamsala, India, during the 1959 Tibetan Rebellion, it established a rival government-in-exile. Afterwards, the Central People's Government in Beijing renounced the agreement and began implementation of the halted social and political reforms. During the Great Leap Forward, b... | Where did the Dalai Lama's government flee to during the 1959 Tibetan Rebellion? | {
"answer_start": [
42
],
"text": [
"Dharamsala"
]
} |
5727dad9ff5b5019007d96e9 | Tibet | After the Dalai Lama's government fled to Dharamsala, India, during the 1959 Tibetan Rebellion, it established a rival government-in-exile. Afterwards, the Central People's Government in Beijing renounced the agreement and began implementation of the halted social and political reforms. During the Great Leap Forward, b... | How many Tibetans died during the Great Leap Forward? | {
"answer_start": [
319
],
"text": [
"between 200,000 and 1,000,000"
]
} |
5727dad9ff5b5019007d96ea | Tibet | After the Dalai Lama's government fled to Dharamsala, India, during the 1959 Tibetan Rebellion, it established a rival government-in-exile. Afterwards, the Central People's Government in Beijing renounced the agreement and began implementation of the halted social and political reforms. During the Great Leap Forward, b... | How many monasteries were destroyed during the Cultural Revolution? | {
"answer_start": [
382
],
"text": [
"6,000"
]
} |
5727dad9ff5b5019007d96eb | Tibet | After the Dalai Lama's government fled to Dharamsala, India, during the 1959 Tibetan Rebellion, it established a rival government-in-exile. Afterwards, the Central People's Government in Beijing renounced the agreement and began implementation of the halted social and political reforms. During the Great Leap Forward, b... | When did China and India fight a war over South Tibet and Aksai Chin? | {
"answer_start": [
450
],
"text": [
"1962"
]
} |
5727dad9ff5b5019007d96ec | Tibet | After the Dalai Lama's government fled to Dharamsala, India, during the 1959 Tibetan Rebellion, it established a rival government-in-exile. Afterwards, the Central People's Government in Beijing renounced the agreement and began implementation of the halted social and political reforms. During the Great Leap Forward, b... | To where did Chinese troops withdraw? | {
"answer_start": [
596
],
"text": [
"north of the McMahon Line"
]
} |
5727dbae3acd2414000dee25 | Tibet | In 1980, General Secretary and reformist Hu Yaobang visited Tibet and ushered in a period of social, political, and economic liberalization. At the end of the decade, however, analogously to the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, monks in the Drepung and Sera monasteries started protesting for independence, and so the ... | When did Hu Yaobang visit Tibet? | {
"answer_start": [
3
],
"text": [
"1980"
]
} |
5727dbae3acd2414000dee26 | Tibet | In 1980, General Secretary and reformist Hu Yaobang visited Tibet and ushered in a period of social, political, and economic liberalization. At the end of the decade, however, analogously to the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, monks in the Drepung and Sera monasteries started protesting for independence, and so the ... | When did monks in the Drepung and Sera monasteries start protesting for independence? | {
"answer_start": [
224
],
"text": [
"1989"
]
} |
5727dbae3acd2414000dee27 | Tibet | In 1980, General Secretary and reformist Hu Yaobang visited Tibet and ushered in a period of social, political, and economic liberalization. At the end of the decade, however, analogously to the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, monks in the Drepung and Sera monasteries started protesting for independence, and so the ... | What did the government do when it halted reforms? | {
"answer_start": [
350
],
"text": [
"started an anti-separatist campaign"
]
} |
5727dbae3acd2414000dee28 | Tibet | In 1980, General Secretary and reformist Hu Yaobang visited Tibet and ushered in a period of social, political, and economic liberalization. At the end of the decade, however, analogously to the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, monks in the Drepung and Sera monasteries started protesting for independence, and so the ... | When was the most recent Tibetan unrest? | {
"answer_start": [
626
],
"text": [
"2008"
]
} |
5727dbae3acd2414000dee29 | Tibet | In 1980, General Secretary and reformist Hu Yaobang visited Tibet and ushered in a period of social, political, and economic liberalization. At the end of the decade, however, analogously to the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, monks in the Drepung and Sera monasteries started protesting for independence, and so the ... | For what have the Beijing and Lhasa goverments been criticized? | {
"answer_start": [
483
],
"text": [
"human rights"
]
} |
5727e0603acd2414000deeb9 | Tibet | Tibet has some of the world's tallest mountains, with several of them making the top ten list. Mount Everest, located on the border with Nepal, is, at 8,848 metres (29,029 ft), the highest mountain on earth. Several major rivers have their source in the Tibetan Plateau (mostly in present-day Qinghai Province). These in... | On which border of Tibet is Mount Everest located? | {
"answer_start": [
137
],
"text": [
"Nepal"
]
} |
5727e0603acd2414000deeba | Tibet | Tibet has some of the world's tallest mountains, with several of them making the top ten list. Mount Everest, located on the border with Nepal, is, at 8,848 metres (29,029 ft), the highest mountain on earth. Several major rivers have their source in the Tibetan Plateau (mostly in present-day Qinghai Province). These in... | How tall, in feet, is Mount Everest? | {
"answer_start": [
165
],
"text": [
"29,029"
]
} |
5727e0603acd2414000deebb | Tibet | Tibet has some of the world's tallest mountains, with several of them making the top ten list. Mount Everest, located on the border with Nepal, is, at 8,848 metres (29,029 ft), the highest mountain on earth. Several major rivers have their source in the Tibetan Plateau (mostly in present-day Qinghai Province). These in... | Where is the source of the Yangtze river? | {
"answer_start": [
254
],
"text": [
"Tibetan Plateau"
]
} |
5727e1cb3acd2414000deed1 | Tibet | The Indus and Brahmaputra rivers originate from a lake (Tib: Tso Mapham) in Western Tibet, near Mount Kailash. The mountain is a holy pilgrimage site for both Hindus and Tibetans. The Hindus consider the mountain to be the abode of Lord Shiva. The Tibetan name for Mt. Kailash is Khang Rinpoche. Tibet has numerous high-... | Which mountain is a holy pilgrimage for both Hindus and Tibetans? | {
"answer_start": [
96
],
"text": [
"Mount Kailash"
]
} |
5727e1cb3acd2414000deed2 | Tibet | The Indus and Brahmaputra rivers originate from a lake (Tib: Tso Mapham) in Western Tibet, near Mount Kailash. The mountain is a holy pilgrimage site for both Hindus and Tibetans. The Hindus consider the mountain to be the abode of Lord Shiva. The Tibetan name for Mt. Kailash is Khang Rinpoche. Tibet has numerous high-... | Who do Hindus believe lives in Mount Kailash? | {
"answer_start": [
232
],
"text": [
"Lord Shiva"
]
} |
5727e1cb3acd2414000deed3 | Tibet | The Indus and Brahmaputra rivers originate from a lake (Tib: Tso Mapham) in Western Tibet, near Mount Kailash. The mountain is a holy pilgrimage site for both Hindus and Tibetans. The Hindus consider the mountain to be the abode of Lord Shiva. The Tibetan name for Mt. Kailash is Khang Rinpoche. Tibet has numerous high-... | What is the Tibetan name for Mount Kailash? | {
"answer_start": [
280
],
"text": [
"Khang Rinpoche"
]
} |
5727e1cb3acd2414000deed4 | Tibet | The Indus and Brahmaputra rivers originate from a lake (Tib: Tso Mapham) in Western Tibet, near Mount Kailash. The mountain is a holy pilgrimage site for both Hindus and Tibetans. The Hindus consider the mountain to be the abode of Lord Shiva. The Tibetan name for Mt. Kailash is Khang Rinpoche. Tibet has numerous high-... | Which lake is the largest in China? | {
"answer_start": [
567
],
"text": [
"Qinghai Lake"
]
} |
5727e26aff5b5019007d9784 | Tibet | The atmosphere is severely dry nine months of the year, and average annual snowfall is only 18 inches (46 cm), due to the rain shadow effect. Western passes receive small amounts of fresh snow each year but remain traversible all year round. Low temperatures are prevalent throughout these western regions, where bleak d... | What is the average annual snowfall in Tibet? | {
"answer_start": [
92
],
"text": [
"18 inches"
]
} |
5727e26aff5b5019007d9785 | Tibet | The atmosphere is severely dry nine months of the year, and average annual snowfall is only 18 inches (46 cm), due to the rain shadow effect. Western passes receive small amounts of fresh snow each year but remain traversible all year round. Low temperatures are prevalent throughout these western regions, where bleak d... | What weather pattern exerts some influence on eastern TIbet? | {
"answer_start": [
458
],
"text": [
"Indian monsoon"
]
} |
5727e26aff5b5019007d9786 | Tibet | The atmosphere is severely dry nine months of the year, and average annual snowfall is only 18 inches (46 cm), due to the rain shadow effect. Western passes receive small amounts of fresh snow each year but remain traversible all year round. Low temperatures are prevalent throughout these western regions, where bleak d... | What are winters like in Tibet? | {
"answer_start": [
578
],
"text": [
"intense cold"
]
} |
5727e3254b864d1900163f3a | Tibet | The main crops grown are barley, wheat, buckwheat, rye, potatoes, and assorted fruits and vegetables. Tibet is ranked the lowest among China’s 31 provinces on the Human Development Index according to UN Development Programme data. In recent years, due to increased interest in Tibetan Buddhism, tourism has become an inc... | Where is Tibet ranked among China's 31 provinces on the UN's Human Development Index? | {
"answer_start": [
122
],
"text": [
"lowest"
]
} |
5727e3254b864d1900163f3b | Tibet | The main crops grown are barley, wheat, buckwheat, rye, potatoes, and assorted fruits and vegetables. Tibet is ranked the lowest among China’s 31 provinces on the Human Development Index according to UN Development Programme data. In recent years, due to increased interest in Tibetan Buddhism, tourism has become an inc... | What has increased tourism to Tibet in recent years? | {
"answer_start": [
255
],
"text": [
"increased interest in Tibetan Buddhism"
]
} |
5727e3254b864d1900163f3c | Tibet | The main crops grown are barley, wheat, buckwheat, rye, potatoes, and assorted fruits and vegetables. Tibet is ranked the lowest among China’s 31 provinces on the Human Development Index according to UN Development Programme data. In recent years, due to increased interest in Tibetan Buddhism, tourism has become an inc... | What is Tibet exempt from? | {
"answer_start": [
630
],
"text": [
"all taxation"
]
} |
5727e3254b864d1900163f3d | Tibet | The main crops grown are barley, wheat, buckwheat, rye, potatoes, and assorted fruits and vegetables. Tibet is ranked the lowest among China’s 31 provinces on the Human Development Index according to UN Development Programme data. In recent years, due to increased interest in Tibetan Buddhism, tourism has become an inc... | From which area does tourism bring the most income? | {
"answer_start": [
436
],
"text": [
"sale of handicrafts"
]
} |
5727e4f84b864d1900163f7a | Tibet | From January 18–20, 2010 a national conference on Tibet and areas inhabited by Tibetans in Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu and Qinghai was held in China and a substantial plan to improve development of the areas was announced. The conference was attended by General secretary Hu Jintao, Wu Bangguo, Wen Jiabao, Jia Qinglin, Li Ch... | In what year was a national conference on Tibet held in China? | {
"answer_start": [
20
],
"text": [
"2010"
]
} |
5727e4f84b864d1900163f7b | Tibet | From January 18–20, 2010 a national conference on Tibet and areas inhabited by Tibetans in Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu and Qinghai was held in China and a substantial plan to improve development of the areas was announced. The conference was attended by General secretary Hu Jintao, Wu Bangguo, Wen Jiabao, Jia Qinglin, Li Ch... | Members of which committee attended the conference? | {
"answer_start": [
399
],
"text": [
"CPC Politburo Standing Committee"
]
} |
5727e4f84b864d1900163f7c | Tibet | From January 18–20, 2010 a national conference on Tibet and areas inhabited by Tibetans in Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu and Qinghai was held in China and a substantial plan to improve development of the areas was announced. The conference was attended by General secretary Hu Jintao, Wu Bangguo, Wen Jiabao, Jia Qinglin, Li Ch... | By when does the plan call for improvement of rural Tibetan income? | {
"answer_start": [
613
],
"text": [
"2020"
]
} |
5727e4f84b864d1900163f7d | Tibet | From January 18–20, 2010 a national conference on Tibet and areas inhabited by Tibetans in Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu and Qinghai was held in China and a substantial plan to improve development of the areas was announced. The conference was attended by General secretary Hu Jintao, Wu Bangguo, Wen Jiabao, Jia Qinglin, Li Ch... | What does the plan call for all rural Tibetan children to receive for free? | {
"answer_start": [
627
],
"text": [
"education"
]
} |
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