id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 442
values | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 270 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
5727c3d12ca10214002d95c2 | Rule_of_law | Most legal theorists believe that the rule of law has purely formal characteristics, meaning that the law must be publicly declared, with prospective application, and possess the characteristics of generality, equality, and certainty, but there are no requirements with regard to the content of the law. Others, includin... | What system of government is considered as a component of the rule of law? | {
"answer_start": [
645
],
"text": [
"democracy"
]
} |
5727c3d12ca10214002d95c3 | Rule_of_law | Most legal theorists believe that the rule of law has purely formal characteristics, meaning that the law must be publicly declared, with prospective application, and possess the characteristics of generality, equality, and certainty, but there are no requirements with regard to the content of the law. Others, includin... | According to some legal theorists, for what are there no requirements for something to be considered a law? | {
"answer_start": [
284
],
"text": [
"content"
]
} |
5727c3d12ca10214002d95c4 | Rule_of_law | Most legal theorists believe that the rule of law has purely formal characteristics, meaning that the law must be publicly declared, with prospective application, and possess the characteristics of generality, equality, and certainty, but there are no requirements with regard to the content of the law. Others, includin... | What are the two approaches to defining the concept of the rule of law? | {
"answer_start": [
554
],
"text": [
"formal and substantive"
]
} |
5727c6252ca10214002d9600 | Rule_of_law | The "formal" interpretation is more widespread than the "substantive" interpretation. Formalists hold that the law must be prospective, well-known, and have characteristics of generality, equality, and certainty. Other than that, the formal view contains no requirements as to the content of the law. This formal approac... | Which interpretation of the rule of law is used on a larger scale? | {
"answer_start": [
5
],
"text": [
"formal"
]
} |
5727c6252ca10214002d9601 | Rule_of_law | The "formal" interpretation is more widespread than the "substantive" interpretation. Formalists hold that the law must be prospective, well-known, and have characteristics of generality, equality, and certainty. Other than that, the formal view contains no requirements as to the content of the law. This formal approac... | According to the formalist approach, what else, besides democracy, can laws protect? | {
"answer_start": [
361
],
"text": [
"individual rights"
]
} |
5727c6252ca10214002d9602 | Rule_of_law | The "formal" interpretation is more widespread than the "substantive" interpretation. Formalists hold that the law must be prospective, well-known, and have characteristics of generality, equality, and certainty. Other than that, the formal view contains no requirements as to the content of the law. This formal approac... | According to the formalist approach, how much notoriety must a law have? | {
"answer_start": [
136
],
"text": [
"well-known"
]
} |
5727c6252ca10214002d9603 | Rule_of_law | The "formal" interpretation is more widespread than the "substantive" interpretation. Formalists hold that the law must be prospective, well-known, and have characteristics of generality, equality, and certainty. Other than that, the formal view contains no requirements as to the content of the law. This formal approac... | How many requirements for content are there for the rule of law under the formalist approach? | {
"answer_start": [
255
],
"text": [
"no requirements"
]
} |
5727c6252ca10214002d9604 | Rule_of_law | The "formal" interpretation is more widespread than the "substantive" interpretation. Formalists hold that the law must be prospective, well-known, and have characteristics of generality, equality, and certainty. Other than that, the formal view contains no requirements as to the content of the law. This formal approac... | Which interpretation of the rule of law is less commonly used? | {
"answer_start": [
57
],
"text": [
"substantive"
]
} |
5727c7a7ff5b5019007d950e | Rule_of_law | The functional interpretation of the term "rule of law", consistent with the traditional English meaning, contrasts the "rule of law" with the "rule of man." According to the functional view, a society in which government officers have a great deal of discretion has a low degree of "rule of law", whereas a society in w... | According to the functional interpretation, what principle is opposite of the rule of man? | {
"answer_start": [
121
],
"text": [
"rule of law"
]
} |
5727c7a7ff5b5019007d950f | Rule_of_law | The functional interpretation of the term "rule of law", consistent with the traditional English meaning, contrasts the "rule of law" with the "rule of man." According to the functional view, a society in which government officers have a great deal of discretion has a low degree of "rule of law", whereas a society in w... | What level of discretion do governments with a high degree of the "rule of law" have? | {
"answer_start": [
350
],
"text": [
"little"
]
} |
5727c7a7ff5b5019007d9510 | Rule_of_law | The functional interpretation of the term "rule of law", consistent with the traditional English meaning, contrasts the "rule of law" with the "rule of man." According to the functional view, a society in which government officers have a great deal of discretion has a low degree of "rule of law", whereas a society in w... | What level of discretion do governments with a low degree of the "rule of law" have? | {
"answer_start": [
236
],
"text": [
"a great deal"
]
} |
5727c7a7ff5b5019007d9511 | Rule_of_law | The functional interpretation of the term "rule of law", consistent with the traditional English meaning, contrasts the "rule of law" with the "rule of man." According to the functional view, a society in which government officers have a great deal of discretion has a low degree of "rule of law", whereas a society in w... | What happens to those that do not follow to the rule of law? | {
"answer_start": [
456
],
"text": [
"punishment"
]
} |
5727c7a7ff5b5019007d9512 | Rule_of_law | The functional interpretation of the term "rule of law", consistent with the traditional English meaning, contrasts the "rule of law" with the "rule of man." According to the functional view, a society in which government officers have a great deal of discretion has a low degree of "rule of law", whereas a society in w... | What fights against the rule of law? | {
"answer_start": [
627
],
"text": [
"flexibility"
]
} |
5727cc002ca10214002d9680 | Rule_of_law | The rule of law has been considered as one of the key dimensions that determine the quality and good governance of a country. Research, like the Worldwide Governance Indicators, defines the rule of law as: "the extent to which agents have confidence and abide by the rules of society, and in particular the quality of co... | For how many countries have rule of law aggregate measurements been developed? | {
"answer_start": [
545
],
"text": [
"more than 200 countries"
]
} |
5727cc002ca10214002d9681 | Rule_of_law | The rule of law has been considered as one of the key dimensions that determine the quality and good governance of a country. Research, like the Worldwide Governance Indicators, defines the rule of law as: "the extent to which agents have confidence and abide by the rules of society, and in particular the quality of co... | What is the term that described a government based on the rule of law? | {
"answer_start": [
651
],
"text": [
"nomocracy"
]
} |
5727cc002ca10214002d9682 | Rule_of_law | The rule of law has been considered as one of the key dimensions that determine the quality and good governance of a country. Research, like the Worldwide Governance Indicators, defines the rule of law as: "the extent to which agents have confidence and abide by the rules of society, and in particular the quality of co... | What is the Greek word for law? | {
"answer_start": [
678
],
"text": [
"nomos"
]
} |
5727cc002ca10214002d9683 | Rule_of_law | The rule of law has been considered as one of the key dimensions that determine the quality and good governance of a country. Research, like the Worldwide Governance Indicators, defines the rule of law as: "the extent to which agents have confidence and abide by the rules of society, and in particular the quality of co... | What is the Greek word for power? | {
"answer_start": [
694
],
"text": [
"kratos"
]
} |
5727cc002ca10214002d9684 | Rule_of_law | The rule of law has been considered as one of the key dimensions that determine the quality and good governance of a country. Research, like the Worldwide Governance Indicators, defines the rule of law as: "the extent to which agents have confidence and abide by the rules of society, and in particular the quality of co... | What is a key qualifier for determining good governance? | {
"answer_start": [
4
],
"text": [
"rule of law"
]
} |
5727ccf43acd2414000decbe | Rule_of_law | All government officers of the United States, including the President, the Justices of the Supreme Court, state judges and legislators, and all members of Congress, pledge first and foremost to uphold the Constitution. These oaths affirm that the rule of law is superior to the rule of any human leader. At the same time... | According to the Constitution, what is superior to the rules of man? | {
"answer_start": [
247
],
"text": [
"rule of law"
]
} |
5727ccf43acd2414000decbd | Rule_of_law | All government officers of the United States, including the President, the Justices of the Supreme Court, state judges and legislators, and all members of Congress, pledge first and foremost to uphold the Constitution. These oaths affirm that the rule of law is superior to the rule of any human leader. At the same time... | What does the President and Supreme Court Justices vow to stand by? | {
"answer_start": [
201
],
"text": [
"the Constitution"
]
} |
5727ce98ff5b5019007d95a6 | Rule_of_law | All government officers of the United States, including the President, the Justices of the Supreme Court, state judges and legislators, and all members of Congress, pledge first and foremost to uphold the Constitution. These oaths affirm that the rule of law is superior to the rule of any human leader. At the same time... | What do the President and Supreme Court justices vow to uphold? | {
"answer_start": [
201
],
"text": [
"the Constitution"
]
} |
5727ce98ff5b5019007d95a7 | Rule_of_law | All government officers of the United States, including the President, the Justices of the Supreme Court, state judges and legislators, and all members of Congress, pledge first and foremost to uphold the Constitution. These oaths affirm that the rule of law is superior to the rule of any human leader. At the same time... | According to the Constitution, to what is the rule of law superior? | {
"answer_start": [
274
],
"text": [
"the rule of any human leader"
]
} |
5727ce98ff5b5019007d95a8 | Rule_of_law | All government officers of the United States, including the President, the Justices of the Supreme Court, state judges and legislators, and all members of Congress, pledge first and foremost to uphold the Constitution. These oaths affirm that the rule of law is superior to the rule of any human leader. At the same time... | What branch of the government has prosecutorial discretion? | {
"answer_start": [
635
],
"text": [
"executive branch"
]
} |
5727ce98ff5b5019007d95a9 | Rule_of_law | All government officers of the United States, including the President, the Justices of the Supreme Court, state judges and legislators, and all members of Congress, pledge first and foremost to uphold the Constitution. These oaths affirm that the rule of law is superior to the rule of any human leader. At the same time... | What branch of government can determine what acts it writes? | {
"answer_start": [
378
],
"text": [
"legislative branch"
]
} |
5727ce98ff5b5019007d95aa | Rule_of_law | All government officers of the United States, including the President, the Justices of the Supreme Court, state judges and legislators, and all members of Congress, pledge first and foremost to uphold the Constitution. These oaths affirm that the rule of law is superior to the rule of any human leader. At the same time... | Which branch of government has judicial discretion? | {
"answer_start": [
574
],
"text": [
"judicial branch"
]
} |
5727d1372ca10214002d9746 | Rule_of_law | Scholars continue to debate whether the U.S. Constitution adopted a particular interpretation of the "rule of law," and if so, which one. For example, John Harrison asserts that the word "law" in the Constitution is simply defined as that which is legally binding, rather than being "defined by formal or substantive cri... | Who disagrees with the ideas proposed by John Harrison? | {
"answer_start": [
443
],
"text": [
"Law Professor Frederick Mark Gedicks"
]
} |
5727d1372ca10214002d9747 | Rule_of_law | Scholars continue to debate whether the U.S. Constitution adopted a particular interpretation of the "rule of law," and if so, which one. For example, John Harrison asserts that the word "law" in the Constitution is simply defined as that which is legally binding, rather than being "defined by formal or substantive cri... | For what body of principles is it debated whether or not it was constructed according to the rule of law? | {
"answer_start": [
40
],
"text": [
"U.S. Constitution"
]
} |
5727d1372ca10214002d9748 | Rule_of_law | Scholars continue to debate whether the U.S. Constitution adopted a particular interpretation of the "rule of law," and if so, which one. For example, John Harrison asserts that the word "law" in the Constitution is simply defined as that which is legally binding, rather than being "defined by formal or substantive cri... | According to John Harrison, through the Constitution, what is law? | {
"answer_start": [
234
],
"text": [
"that which is legally binding"
]
} |
5727d1372ca10214002d9749 | Rule_of_law | Scholars continue to debate whether the U.S. Constitution adopted a particular interpretation of the "rule of law," and if so, which one. For example, John Harrison asserts that the word "law" in the Constitution is simply defined as that which is legally binding, rather than being "defined by formal or substantive cri... | According to Frederick Mark Gedicks, who believed that unjust laws were not really laws? | {
"answer_start": [
543
],
"text": [
"the framers of the U.S. Constitution"
]
} |
5727d29d2ca10214002d9760 | Rule_of_law | Others argue that the rule of law has survived but was transformed to allow for the exercise of discretion by administrators. For much of American history, the dominant notion of the rule of law, in this setting, has been some version of A. V. Dicey's: “no man is punishable or can be lawfully made to suffer in body or ... | When was a compromise reached over administrative procedures for law determination? | {
"answer_start": [
1151
],
"text": [
"1941"
]
} |
5727d29d2ca10214002d9761 | Rule_of_law | Others argue that the rule of law has survived but was transformed to allow for the exercise of discretion by administrators. For much of American history, the dominant notion of the rule of law, in this setting, has been some version of A. V. Dicey's: “no man is punishable or can be lawfully made to suffer in body or ... | Who can determine if a law should be approached differently? | {
"answer_start": [
110
],
"text": [
"administrators"
]
} |
5727d29d2ca10214002d9762 | Rule_of_law | Others argue that the rule of law has survived but was transformed to allow for the exercise of discretion by administrators. For much of American history, the dominant notion of the rule of law, in this setting, has been some version of A. V. Dicey's: “no man is punishable or can be lawfully made to suffer in body or ... | Who should be able to challenge administrative orders in court? | {
"answer_start": [
453
],
"text": [
"individuals"
]
} |
5727d29d2ca10214002d9763 | Rule_of_law | Others argue that the rule of law has survived but was transformed to allow for the exercise of discretion by administrators. For much of American history, the dominant notion of the rule of law, in this setting, has been some version of A. V. Dicey's: “no man is punishable or can be lawfully made to suffer in body or ... | Who was Charles Evans Hughes? | {
"answer_start": [
1008
],
"text": [
"a Chief Justice of the United States"
]
} |
5727d3cf3acd2414000ded7d | Rule_of_law | James Wilson said during the Philadelphia Convention in 1787 that, "Laws may be unjust, may be unwise, may be dangerous, may be destructive; and yet not be so unconstitutional as to justify the Judges in refusing to give them effect." George Mason agreed that judges "could declare an unconstitutional law void. But with... | When was the Philadelphia Convention? | {
"answer_start": [
56
],
"text": [
"1787"
]
} |
5727d3cf3acd2414000ded7e | Rule_of_law | James Wilson said during the Philadelphia Convention in 1787 that, "Laws may be unjust, may be unwise, may be dangerous, may be destructive; and yet not be so unconstitutional as to justify the Judges in refusing to give them effect." George Mason agreed that judges "could declare an unconstitutional law void. But with... | Who spoke at the Philadelphia Convention about the potential chaos from not having judges be able to enforce laws? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"James Wilson"
]
} |
5727d3cf3acd2414000ded7f | Rule_of_law | James Wilson said during the Philadelphia Convention in 1787 that, "Laws may be unjust, may be unwise, may be dangerous, may be destructive; and yet not be so unconstitutional as to justify the Judges in refusing to give them effect." George Mason agreed that judges "could declare an unconstitutional law void. But with... | What was John Marshall's title? | {
"answer_start": [
506
],
"text": [
"Chief Justice"
]
} |
5727d3cf3acd2414000ded80 | Rule_of_law | James Wilson said during the Philadelphia Convention in 1787 that, "Laws may be unjust, may be unwise, may be dangerous, may be destructive; and yet not be so unconstitutional as to justify the Judges in refusing to give them effect." George Mason agreed that judges "could declare an unconstitutional law void. But with... | What did George Mason state that judges could do to a law? | {
"answer_start": [
274
],
"text": [
"declare an unconstitutional law void"
]
} |
5727d6363acd2414000dedc1 | Rule_of_law | East Asian cultures are influenced by two schools of thought, Confucianism, which advocated good governance as rule by leaders who are benevolent and virtuous, and Legalism, which advocated strict adherence to law. The influence of one school of thought over the other has varied throughout the centuries. One study indi... | What East Asian philosophy emphasized virtuous leadership? | {
"answer_start": [
62
],
"text": [
"Confucianism"
]
} |
5727d6363acd2414000dedc2 | Rule_of_law | East Asian cultures are influenced by two schools of thought, Confucianism, which advocated good governance as rule by leaders who are benevolent and virtuous, and Legalism, which advocated strict adherence to law. The influence of one school of thought over the other has varied throughout the centuries. One study indi... | What East Asian philosophy emphasized unwavering rule following? | {
"answer_start": [
164
],
"text": [
"Legalism"
]
} |
5727d6363acd2414000dedc3 | Rule_of_law | East Asian cultures are influenced by two schools of thought, Confucianism, which advocated good governance as rule by leaders who are benevolent and virtuous, and Legalism, which advocated strict adherence to law. The influence of one school of thought over the other has varied throughout the centuries. One study indi... | How strong is the rule of law in most Asian countries? | {
"answer_start": [
605
],
"text": [
"weak or nonexistent"
]
} |
5727d6363acd2414000dedc4 | Rule_of_law | East Asian cultures are influenced by two schools of thought, Confucianism, which advocated good governance as rule by leaders who are benevolent and virtuous, and Legalism, which advocated strict adherence to law. The influence of one school of thought over the other has varied throughout the centuries. One study indi... | Which Asian countries strictly follow laws? | {
"answer_start": [
358
],
"text": [
"South Korea, Singapore, Japan, Taiwan and Hong Kong"
]
} |
5727d747ff5b5019007d96ac | Rule_of_law | In countries such as China and Vietnam, the transition to a market economy has been a major factor in a move toward the rule of law, because a rule of law is important to foreign investors and to economic development. It remains unclear whether the rule of law in countries like China and Vietnam will be limited to comm... | Which two Asian countries have started to adopt the rule of law? | {
"answer_start": [
21
],
"text": [
"China and Vietnam"
]
} |
5727d747ff5b5019007d96ad | Rule_of_law | In countries such as China and Vietnam, the transition to a market economy has been a major factor in a move toward the rule of law, because a rule of law is important to foreign investors and to economic development. It remains unclear whether the rule of law in countries like China and Vietnam will be limited to comm... | What has influenced China and Vietnam to conform to the rule of law? | {
"answer_start": [
40
],
"text": [
"the transition to a market economy"
]
} |
5727d747ff5b5019007d96ae | Rule_of_law | In countries such as China and Vietnam, the transition to a market economy has been a major factor in a move toward the rule of law, because a rule of law is important to foreign investors and to economic development. It remains unclear whether the rule of law in countries like China and Vietnam will be limited to comm... | Who is debating the reliance on the rule of law in China? | {
"answer_start": [
557
],
"text": [
"legal scholars and politicians"
]
} |
5727d747ff5b5019007d96af | Rule_of_law | In countries such as China and Vietnam, the transition to a market economy has been a major factor in a move toward the rule of law, because a rule of law is important to foreign investors and to economic development. It remains unclear whether the rule of law in countries like China and Vietnam will be limited to comm... | To whom is the rule of law important to in China's trade deals? | {
"answer_start": [
171
],
"text": [
"foreign investors"
]
} |
5727d747ff5b5019007d96b0 | Rule_of_law | In countries such as China and Vietnam, the transition to a market economy has been a major factor in a move toward the rule of law, because a rule of law is important to foreign investors and to economic development. It remains unclear whether the rule of law in countries like China and Vietnam will be limited to comm... | What values might adherence to the rule of law subsequently influence in China? | {
"answer_start": [
458
],
"text": [
"democracy and human rights"
]
} |
5727d93fff5b5019007d96ca | Rule_of_law | In Thailand, a kingdom that has had a constitution since the initial attempt to overthrow the absolute monarchy system in 1932, the rule of law has been more of a principle than actual practice.[citation needed] Ancient prejudices and political bias have been present in the three branches of government with each of the... | Where has the rule of law been more of a theory than a way of life? | {
"answer_start": [
3
],
"text": [
"Thailand"
]
} |
5727d93fff5b5019007d96cc | Rule_of_law | In Thailand, a kingdom that has had a constitution since the initial attempt to overthrow the absolute monarchy system in 1932, the rule of law has been more of a principle than actual practice.[citation needed] Ancient prejudices and political bias have been present in the three branches of government with each of the... | In Thailand, what branch of government rejected a proposal for senator selection? | {
"answer_start": [
599
],
"text": [
"executive branch"
]
} |
5727d93fff5b5019007d96cb | Rule_of_law | In Thailand, a kingdom that has had a constitution since the initial attempt to overthrow the absolute monarchy system in 1932, the rule of law has been more of a principle than actual practice.[citation needed] Ancient prejudices and political bias have been present in the three branches of government with each of the... | According to what principles are most laws in Thailand decided? | {
"answer_start": [
433
],
"text": [
"royalist"
]
} |
5727d93fff5b5019007d96cd | Rule_of_law | In Thailand, a kingdom that has had a constitution since the initial attempt to overthrow the absolute monarchy system in 1932, the rule of law has been more of a principle than actual practice.[citation needed] Ancient prejudices and political bias have been present in the three branches of government with each of the... | When did Thailand first try to overthrow its government run by a king? | {
"answer_start": [
122
],
"text": [
"1932"
]
} |
5727d93fff5b5019007d96ce | Rule_of_law | In Thailand, a kingdom that has had a constitution since the initial attempt to overthrow the absolute monarchy system in 1932, the rule of law has been more of a principle than actual practice.[citation needed] Ancient prejudices and political bias have been present in the three branches of government with each of the... | What harms the adherence to the Constitution in Thailand? | {
"answer_start": [
212
],
"text": [
"Ancient prejudices and political bias"
]
} |
5727daee3acd2414000dee21 | Rule_of_law | In India, the longest constitutional text in the history of the world has governed that country since 1950. Although the Constitution of India may have been intended to provide details that would limit the opportunity for judicial discretion, the more text there is in a constitution the greater opportunity the judiciar... | What country has the longest version of a constitution? | {
"answer_start": [
3
],
"text": [
"India"
]
} |
5727daee3acd2414000dee22 | Rule_of_law | In India, the longest constitutional text in the history of the world has governed that country since 1950. Although the Constitution of India may have been intended to provide details that would limit the opportunity for judicial discretion, the more text there is in a constitution the greater opportunity the judiciar... | In what year was India's constitution drafted? | {
"answer_start": [
102
],
"text": [
"1950"
]
} |
5727dc5b2ca10214002d983e | Rule_of_law | In India, the longest constitutional text in the history of the world has governed that country since 1950. Although the Constitution of India may have been intended to provide details that would limit the opportunity for judicial discretion, the more text there is in a constitution the greater opportunity the judiciar... | What country has the longest Constitution? | {
"answer_start": [
3
],
"text": [
"India"
]
} |
5727dc5b2ca10214002d9840 | Rule_of_law | In India, the longest constitutional text in the history of the world has governed that country since 1950. Although the Constitution of India may have been intended to provide details that would limit the opportunity for judicial discretion, the more text there is in a constitution the greater opportunity the judiciar... | In Thailand, the length of the constitution impacts the judges chances to exercise what? | {
"answer_start": [
343
],
"text": [
"judicial review"
]
} |
5727dc5b2ca10214002d9841 | Rule_of_law | In India, the longest constitutional text in the history of the world has governed that country since 1950. Although the Constitution of India may have been intended to provide details that would limit the opportunity for judicial discretion, the more text there is in a constitution the greater opportunity the judiciar... | What is in position to gain control over the rule of law in Thailand? | {
"answer_start": [
491
],
"text": [
"rule of judges"
]
} |
5727dd8dff5b5019007d970e | Rule_of_law | In 1959, an international gathering of over 185 judges, lawyers, and law professors from 53 countries, meeting in New Delhi and speaking as the International Commission of Jurists, made a declaration as to the fundamental principle of the rule of law. This was the Declaration of Delhi. They declared that the rule of la... | When did the Declaration of Delhi happen? | {
"answer_start": [
3
],
"text": [
"1959"
]
} |
5727dd8dff5b5019007d970f | Rule_of_law | In 1959, an international gathering of over 185 judges, lawyers, and law professors from 53 countries, meeting in New Delhi and speaking as the International Commission of Jurists, made a declaration as to the fundamental principle of the rule of law. This was the Declaration of Delhi. They declared that the rule of la... | How many judges participated in the Declaration of Delhi? | {
"answer_start": [
44
],
"text": [
"185"
]
} |
5727dd8dff5b5019007d9710 | Rule_of_law | In 1959, an international gathering of over 185 judges, lawyers, and law professors from 53 countries, meeting in New Delhi and speaking as the International Commission of Jurists, made a declaration as to the fundamental principle of the rule of law. This was the Declaration of Delhi. They declared that the rule of la... | According to the Declaration of Delhi, what provides certain rights and freedoms? | {
"answer_start": [
310
],
"text": [
"rule of law"
]
} |
5727dd8dff5b5019007d9711 | Rule_of_law | In 1959, an international gathering of over 185 judges, lawyers, and law professors from 53 countries, meeting in New Delhi and speaking as the International Commission of Jurists, made a declaration as to the fundamental principle of the rule of law. This was the Declaration of Delhi. They declared that the rule of la... | According to the Declaration of Delhi, what type of conditions are needed for human dignity? | {
"answer_start": [
421
],
"text": [
"social, economic and cultural"
]
} |
5727df564b864d1900163ef8 | Rule_of_law | The General Assembly has considered rule of law as an agenda item since 1992, with renewed interest since 2006 and has adopted resolutions at its last three sessions. The Security Council has held a number of thematic debates on the rule of law, and adopted resolutions emphasizing the importance of these issues in the ... | When the rule of law become an agenda item for the General Assembly? | {
"answer_start": [
72
],
"text": [
"1992"
]
} |
5727df564b864d1900163ef9 | Rule_of_law | The General Assembly has considered rule of law as an agenda item since 1992, with renewed interest since 2006 and has adopted resolutions at its last three sessions. The Security Council has held a number of thematic debates on the rule of law, and adopted resolutions emphasizing the importance of these issues in the ... | What organization debates the rule of law? | {
"answer_start": [
167
],
"text": [
"The Security Council"
]
} |
5727df564b864d1900163efa | Rule_of_law | The General Assembly has considered rule of law as an agenda item since 1992, with renewed interest since 2006 and has adopted resolutions at its last three sessions. The Security Council has held a number of thematic debates on the rule of law, and adopted resolutions emphasizing the importance of these issues in the ... | What organization meets to discuss and determine the countries that are considered by the rule of law? | {
"answer_start": [
437
],
"text": [
"The Peacebuilding Commission"
]
} |
5727df564b864d1900163efb | Rule_of_law | The General Assembly has considered rule of law as an agenda item since 1992, with renewed interest since 2006 and has adopted resolutions at its last three sessions. The Security Council has held a number of thematic debates on the rule of law, and adopted resolutions emphasizing the importance of these issues in the ... | What do the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action require the rule of law to be used in? | {
"answer_start": [
647
],
"text": [
"human rights education"
]
} |
5727df564b864d1900163efc | Rule_of_law | The General Assembly has considered rule of law as an agenda item since 1992, with renewed interest since 2006 and has adopted resolutions at its last three sessions. The Security Council has held a number of thematic debates on the rule of law, and adopted resolutions emphasizing the importance of these issues in the ... | In what year was interest renewed in the rule of law within the General Assembly? | {
"answer_start": [
106
],
"text": [
"2006"
]
} |
5727e04e3acd2414000deeb3 | Rule_of_law | The International Development Law Organization (IDLO) is an intergovernmental organization with a joint focus on the promotion of rule of law and development. It works to empower people and communities to claim their rights, and provides governments with the know-how to realize them. It supports emerging economies and ... | What organization works to further the understanding and adherence to the rule of law? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"The International Development Law Organization"
]
} |
5727e04e3acd2414000deeb4 | Rule_of_law | The International Development Law Organization (IDLO) is an intergovernmental organization with a joint focus on the promotion of rule of law and development. It works to empower people and communities to claim their rights, and provides governments with the know-how to realize them. It supports emerging economies and ... | What types of economies does the IDLO focus on helping? | {
"answer_start": [
297
],
"text": [
"emerging economies and middle-income"
]
} |
5727e04e3acd2414000deeb5 | Rule_of_law | The International Development Law Organization (IDLO) is an intergovernmental organization with a joint focus on the promotion of rule of law and development. It works to empower people and communities to claim their rights, and provides governments with the know-how to realize them. It supports emerging economies and ... | With how many countries does the IDLO work? | {
"answer_start": [
588
],
"text": [
"more than 170"
]
} |
5727e2483acd2414000deeed | Rule_of_law | One important aspect of the rule-of-law initiatives is the study and analysis of the rule of law’s impact on economic development. The rule-of-law movement cannot be fully successful in transitional and developing countries without an answer to the question: does the rule of law matter for economic development or not? ... | The impact of the rule of law on what is closely studied? | {
"answer_start": [
109
],
"text": [
"economic development"
]
} |
5727e2483acd2414000deeee | Rule_of_law | One important aspect of the rule-of-law initiatives is the study and analysis of the rule of law’s impact on economic development. The rule-of-law movement cannot be fully successful in transitional and developing countries without an answer to the question: does the rule of law matter for economic development or not? ... | What doctrine seeks to study rules and their relationship with the economy? | {
"answer_start": [
320
],
"text": [
"Constitutional economics"
]
} |
5727e2483acd2414000deeef | Rule_of_law | One important aspect of the rule-of-law initiatives is the study and analysis of the rule of law’s impact on economic development. The rule-of-law movement cannot be fully successful in transitional and developing countries without an answer to the question: does the rule of law matter for economic development or not? ... | In what branch of government is corruption examined? | {
"answer_start": [
729
],
"text": [
"executive branch"
]
} |
5727e2483acd2414000deef0 | Rule_of_law | One important aspect of the rule-of-law initiatives is the study and analysis of the rule of law’s impact on economic development. The rule-of-law movement cannot be fully successful in transitional and developing countries without an answer to the question: does the rule of law matter for economic development or not? ... | In developing countries, who makes most of the spending decisions? | {
"answer_start": [
612
],
"text": [
"the executive"
]
} |
5727e2483acd2414000deef1 | Rule_of_law | One important aspect of the rule-of-law initiatives is the study and analysis of the rule of law’s impact on economic development. The rule-of-law movement cannot be fully successful in transitional and developing countries without an answer to the question: does the rule of law matter for economic development or not? ... | What is the term for corruption by individuals? | {
"answer_start": [
762
],
"text": [
"corruption by private actors"
]
} |
5727e339ff5b5019007d97a2 | Rule_of_law | The Rule of Law is especially important as an influence on the economic development in developing and transitional countries. To date, the term “rule of law” has been used primarily in the English-speaking countries, and it is not yet fully clarified even with regard to such well-established democracies as, for instanc... | What language is spoken in most rule of law countries? | {
"answer_start": [
189
],
"text": [
"English"
]
} |
5727e339ff5b5019007d97a4 | Rule_of_law | The Rule of Law is especially important as an influence on the economic development in developing and transitional countries. To date, the term “rule of law” has been used primarily in the English-speaking countries, and it is not yet fully clarified even with regard to such well-established democracies as, for instanc... | In non English speaking countries, what is the rule of law referred to as? | {
"answer_start": [
227
],
"text": [
"not yet fully clarified"
]
} |
5727e339ff5b5019007d97a3 | Rule_of_law | The Rule of Law is especially important as an influence on the economic development in developing and transitional countries. To date, the term “rule of law” has been used primarily in the English-speaking countries, and it is not yet fully clarified even with regard to such well-established democracies as, for instanc... | In what types of countries is the rule of law important to the economy? | {
"answer_start": [
87
],
"text": [
"developing and transitional"
]
} |
5727e339ff5b5019007d97a5 | Rule_of_law | The Rule of Law is especially important as an influence on the economic development in developing and transitional countries. To date, the term “rule of law” has been used primarily in the English-speaking countries, and it is not yet fully clarified even with regard to such well-established democracies as, for instanc... | What other countries have successful democracies? | {
"answer_start": [
323
],
"text": [
"Sweden, Denmark, France, Germany, or Japan"
]
} |
5727e339ff5b5019007d97a6 | Rule_of_law | The Rule of Law is especially important as an influence on the economic development in developing and transitional countries. To date, the term “rule of law” has been used primarily in the English-speaking countries, and it is not yet fully clarified even with regard to such well-established democracies as, for instanc... | What is critically important for discussion of rules, laws, and the economy? | {
"answer_start": [
369
],
"text": [
"common language"
]
} |
5727e43a2ca10214002d98d0 | Rule_of_law | The economist F. A. Hayek analyzed how the Rule of Law might be beneficial to the free market. Hayek proposed that under the Rule of Law individuals would be able to make wise investments and future plans with some confidence in a successful return on investment when he stated: "under the Rule of Law the government is ... | What is F.A. Hayek's profession? | {
"answer_start": [
4
],
"text": [
"economist"
]
} |
5727e43a2ca10214002d98d1 | Rule_of_law | The economist F. A. Hayek analyzed how the Rule of Law might be beneficial to the free market. Hayek proposed that under the Rule of Law individuals would be able to make wise investments and future plans with some confidence in a successful return on investment when he stated: "under the Rule of Law the government is ... | According to Hayek, with the rule of law in place what will help people make more wise investments? | {
"answer_start": [
215
],
"text": [
"confidence in a successful return on investment"
]
} |
5727e43a2ca10214002d98d2 | Rule_of_law | The economist F. A. Hayek analyzed how the Rule of Law might be beneficial to the free market. Hayek proposed that under the Rule of Law individuals would be able to make wise investments and future plans with some confidence in a successful return on investment when he stated: "under the Rule of Law the government is ... | According to Hayek, limited governemnt power through the rule of law does not do what to people? | {
"answer_start": [
554
],
"text": [
"frustrate his efforts"
]
} |
5727e43a2ca10214002d98d3 | Rule_of_law | The economist F. A. Hayek analyzed how the Rule of Law might be beneficial to the free market. Hayek proposed that under the Rule of Law individuals would be able to make wise investments and future plans with some confidence in a successful return on investment when he stated: "under the Rule of Law the government is ... | According to Hayek, people are free to do what within the rule of law? | {
"answer_start": [
445
],
"text": [
"pursue his personal ends and desires"
]
} |
5727b9224b864d1900163b7a | Tibet | Tibet (i/tᵻˈbɛt/; Wylie: Bod, pronounced [pʰø̀ʔ]; Chinese: 西藏; pinyin: Xīzàng) is a region on the Tibetan Plateau in Asia. It is the traditional homeland of the Tibetan people as well as some other ethnic groups such as Monpa, Qiang and Lhoba peoples and is now also inhabited by considerable numbers of Han Chinese and ... | What is the highest elevation in Tibet? | {
"answer_start": [
459
],
"text": [
"Mount Everest"
]
} |
5727b9224b864d1900163b7b | Tibet | Tibet (i/tᵻˈbɛt/; Wylie: Bod, pronounced [pʰø̀ʔ]; Chinese: 西藏; pinyin: Xīzàng) is a region on the Tibetan Plateau in Asia. It is the traditional homeland of the Tibetan people as well as some other ethnic groups such as Monpa, Qiang and Lhoba peoples and is now also inhabited by considerable numbers of Han Chinese and ... | Which continent contains Tibet? | {
"answer_start": [
117
],
"text": [
"Asia"
]
} |
5727b9224b864d1900163b7c | Tibet | Tibet (i/tᵻˈbɛt/; Wylie: Bod, pronounced [pʰø̀ʔ]; Chinese: 西藏; pinyin: Xīzàng) is a region on the Tibetan Plateau in Asia. It is the traditional homeland of the Tibetan people as well as some other ethnic groups such as Monpa, Qiang and Lhoba peoples and is now also inhabited by considerable numbers of Han Chinese and ... | What is the average elevation of Tibet, in feet? | {
"answer_start": [
413
],
"text": [
"16,000"
]
} |
5727b9224b864d1900163b7d | Tibet | Tibet (i/tᵻˈbɛt/; Wylie: Bod, pronounced [pʰø̀ʔ]; Chinese: 西藏; pinyin: Xīzàng) is a region on the Tibetan Plateau in Asia. It is the traditional homeland of the Tibetan people as well as some other ethnic groups such as Monpa, Qiang and Lhoba peoples and is now also inhabited by considerable numbers of Han Chinese and ... | How many feet above sea level does earth's highest mountain rise? | {
"answer_start": [
515
],
"text": [
"29,029"
]
} |
5727b9224b864d1900163b7e | Tibet | Tibet (i/tᵻˈbɛt/; Wylie: Bod, pronounced [pʰø̀ʔ]; Chinese: 西藏; pinyin: Xīzàng) is a region on the Tibetan Plateau in Asia. It is the traditional homeland of the Tibetan people as well as some other ethnic groups such as Monpa, Qiang and Lhoba peoples and is now also inhabited by considerable numbers of Han Chinese and ... | Where is the traditional homeland of Monpa, Qiang, and Lhoba peoples? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Tibet"
]
} |
5727ba5d2ca10214002d94d4 | Tibet | The Tibetan Empire emerged in the 7th century, but with the fall of the empire the region soon divided into a variety of territories. The bulk of western and central Tibet (Ü-Tsang) was often at least nominally unified under a series of Tibetan governments in Lhasa, Shigatse, or nearby locations; these governments were... | When were the current borders of Tibet established? | {
"answer_start": [
802
],
"text": [
"18th century"
]
} |
5727ba5d2ca10214002d94d5 | Tibet | The Tibetan Empire emerged in the 7th century, but with the fall of the empire the region soon divided into a variety of territories. The bulk of western and central Tibet (Ü-Tsang) was often at least nominally unified under a series of Tibetan governments in Lhasa, Shigatse, or nearby locations; these governments were... | When did the Tibetan empire emerge? | {
"answer_start": [
34
],
"text": [
"7th century"
]
} |
5727ba5d2ca10214002d94d6 | Tibet | The Tibetan Empire emerged in the 7th century, but with the fall of the empire the region soon divided into a variety of territories. The bulk of western and central Tibet (Ü-Tsang) was often at least nominally unified under a series of Tibetan governments in Lhasa, Shigatse, or nearby locations; these governments were... | Which Chinese provinces used to be the eastern part of Tibet? | {
"answer_start": [
718
],
"text": [
"Sichuan and Qinghai"
]
} |
5727ba5d2ca10214002d94d7 | Tibet | The Tibetan Empire emerged in the 7th century, but with the fall of the empire the region soon divided into a variety of territories. The bulk of western and central Tibet (Ü-Tsang) was often at least nominally unified under a series of Tibetan governments in Lhasa, Shigatse, or nearby locations; these governments were... | Which battle left parts of Tibet under Chinese rule? | {
"answer_start": [
624
],
"text": [
"Battle of Chamdo"
]
} |
5727bb6e3acd2414000dead5 | Tibet | Following the Xinhai Revolution against the Qing dynasty in 1912, Qing soldiers were disarmed and escorted out of Tibet Area (Ü-Tsang). The region subsequently declared its independence in 1913 without recognition by the subsequent Chinese Republican government. Later, Lhasa took control of the western part of Xikang, ... | In what year was the Tibetan government abolished? | {
"answer_start": [
527
],
"text": [
"1959"
]
} |
5727bb6e3acd2414000dead6 | Tibet | Following the Xinhai Revolution against the Qing dynasty in 1912, Qing soldiers were disarmed and escorted out of Tibet Area (Ü-Tsang). The region subsequently declared its independence in 1913 without recognition by the subsequent Chinese Republican government. Later, Lhasa took control of the western part of Xikang, ... | In what year did Xinhai revolt against the Qing dynasty? | {
"answer_start": [
60
],
"text": [
"1912"
]
} |
5727bb6e3acd2414000dead7 | Tibet | Following the Xinhai Revolution against the Qing dynasty in 1912, Qing soldiers were disarmed and escorted out of Tibet Area (Ü-Tsang). The region subsequently declared its independence in 1913 without recognition by the subsequent Chinese Republican government. Later, Lhasa took control of the western part of Xikang, ... | Where is the Tibet Autonomous Region? | {
"answer_start": [
578
],
"text": [
"western and central Tibet"
]
} |
5727bb6e3acd2414000dead8 | Tibet | Following the Xinhai Revolution against the Qing dynasty in 1912, Qing soldiers were disarmed and escorted out of Tibet Area (Ü-Tsang). The region subsequently declared its independence in 1913 without recognition by the subsequent Chinese Republican government. Later, Lhasa took control of the western part of Xikang, ... | Which battle led to Tibet's incorporation into the People's Republic of China? | {
"answer_start": [
393
],
"text": [
"Battle of Chamdo"
]
} |
5727bc683acd2414000deaf7 | Tibet | The economy of Tibet is dominated by subsistence agriculture, though tourism has become a growing industry in recent decades. The dominant religion in Tibet is Tibetan Buddhism; in addition there is Bön, which is similar to Tibetan Buddhism, and there are also Tibetan Muslims and Christian minorities. Tibetan Buddhism ... | What is the economy of Tibet dominated by? | {
"answer_start": [
37
],
"text": [
"subsistence agriculture"
]
} |
5727bc683acd2414000deaf8 | Tibet | The economy of Tibet is dominated by subsistence agriculture, though tourism has become a growing industry in recent decades. The dominant religion in Tibet is Tibetan Buddhism; in addition there is Bön, which is similar to Tibetan Buddhism, and there are also Tibetan Muslims and Christian minorities. Tibetan Buddhism ... | What has recently become a growing industry in Tibet? | {
"answer_start": [
69
],
"text": [
"tourism"
]
} |
5727bc683acd2414000deaf9 | Tibet | The economy of Tibet is dominated by subsistence agriculture, though tourism has become a growing industry in recent decades. The dominant religion in Tibet is Tibetan Buddhism; in addition there is Bön, which is similar to Tibetan Buddhism, and there are also Tibetan Muslims and Christian minorities. Tibetan Buddhism ... | What is the dominant religion in Tibet? | {
"answer_start": [
160
],
"text": [
"Tibetan Buddhism"
]
} |
5727bc683acd2414000deafa | Tibet | The economy of Tibet is dominated by subsistence agriculture, though tourism has become a growing industry in recent decades. The dominant religion in Tibet is Tibetan Buddhism; in addition there is Bön, which is similar to Tibetan Buddhism, and there are also Tibetan Muslims and Christian minorities. Tibetan Buddhism ... | What is a staple food in Tibet? | {
"answer_start": [
494
],
"text": [
"yak meat"
]
} |
5727bc683acd2414000deafb | Tibet | The economy of Tibet is dominated by subsistence agriculture, though tourism has become a growing industry in recent decades. The dominant religion in Tibet is Tibetan Buddhism; in addition there is Bön, which is similar to Tibetan Buddhism, and there are also Tibetan Muslims and Christian minorities. Tibetan Buddhism ... | Which two cultures does Tibetan architecture reflect? | {
"answer_start": [
421
],
"text": [
"Chinese and Indian"
]
} |
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