id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 442
values | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 270 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
57281a83ff5b5019007d9d57 | European_Central_Bank | In contrast to the Fed, the ECB normally does not buy bonds outright. The normal procedure used by the ECB for manipulating the money supply has been via the so-called refinancing facilities. In these facilities, bonds are not purchased but used in reverse transactions: repurchase agreements, or collateralised loans. T... | Who buys the bonds instead of using them in reverse transactions? | {
"answer_start": [
15
],
"text": [
"the Fed"
]
} |
57281ba43acd2414000df4af | European_Central_Bank | This changed with the recent sovereign-debt crisis. The ECB always could, and through the late summer of 2011 did, purchase bonds issued by the weaker states even though it assumes, in doing so, the risk of a deteriorating balance sheet. ECB buying focused primarily on Spanish and Italian debt. Certain techniques can m... | What debt did the ECB focus on abtaining? | {
"answer_start": [
270
],
"text": [
"Spanish and Italian"
]
} |
57281ba43acd2414000df4b0 | European_Central_Bank | This changed with the recent sovereign-debt crisis. The ECB always could, and through the late summer of 2011 did, purchase bonds issued by the weaker states even though it assumes, in doing so, the risk of a deteriorating balance sheet. ECB buying focused primarily on Spanish and Italian debt. Certain techniques can m... | What risk is assumed when the ECB purchases bonds from weaker states? | {
"answer_start": [
207
],
"text": [
"a deteriorating balance sheet"
]
} |
57281ba43acd2414000df4b1 | European_Central_Bank | This changed with the recent sovereign-debt crisis. The ECB always could, and through the late summer of 2011 did, purchase bonds issued by the weaker states even though it assumes, in doing so, the risk of a deteriorating balance sheet. ECB buying focused primarily on Spanish and Italian debt. Certain techniques can m... | Why were italian bonds purchased by the ECB? | {
"answer_start": [
406
],
"text": [
"intended to dampen international speculation and strengthen portfolios in the private sector and also the central bank"
]
} |
57281ba43acd2414000df4b2 | European_Central_Bank | This changed with the recent sovereign-debt crisis. The ECB always could, and through the late summer of 2011 did, purchase bonds issued by the weaker states even though it assumes, in doing so, the risk of a deteriorating balance sheet. ECB buying focused primarily on Spanish and Italian debt. Certain techniques can m... | What was something used to minimize the impact of the soverign-debt crisis? | {
"answer_start": [
340
],
"text": [
"Purchases of Italian bonds by the central bank"
]
} |
57281f5d4b864d19001644dc | European_Central_Bank | On the other hand, certain financial techniques can reduce the impact of such purchases on the currency. One is sterilisation, in which highly valued assets are sold at the same time that the weaker assets are purchased, which keeps the money supply neutral. Another technique is simply to accept the bad assets as long-... | How does sterilisation help to keep the money flow even? | {
"answer_start": [
136
],
"text": [
"highly valued assets are sold at the same time that the weaker assets are purchased"
]
} |
57281f5d4b864d19001644dd | European_Central_Bank | On the other hand, certain financial techniques can reduce the impact of such purchases on the currency. One is sterilisation, in which highly valued assets are sold at the same time that the weaker assets are purchased, which keeps the money supply neutral. Another technique is simply to accept the bad assets as long-... | What can a state do with bad assets, rather than cashing them in directly? | {
"answer_start": [
315
],
"text": [
"long-term collateral"
]
} |
57281f5d4b864d19001644de | European_Central_Bank | On the other hand, certain financial techniques can reduce the impact of such purchases on the currency. One is sterilisation, in which highly valued assets are sold at the same time that the weaker assets are purchased, which keeps the money supply neutral. Another technique is simply to accept the bad assets as long-... | How can weaker states improve the surface value of their assets? | {
"answer_start": [
459
],
"text": [
"adjustments in taxation and expenditure in the economies"
]
} |
572820842ca10214002d9e7c | European_Central_Bank | As of 18 June 2012, the ECB in total had spent €212.1bn (equal to 2.2% of the Eurozone GDP) for bond purchases covering outright debt, as part of its Securities Markets Programme (SMP) running since May 2010. On 6 September 2012, the ECB announced a new plan for buying bonds from eurozone countries. The duration of the... | By 2012, how much did the ECB spend in covering bad debt? | {
"answer_start": [
47
],
"text": [
"€212.1bn"
]
} |
572820842ca10214002d9e7d | European_Central_Bank | As of 18 June 2012, the ECB in total had spent €212.1bn (equal to 2.2% of the Eurozone GDP) for bond purchases covering outright debt, as part of its Securities Markets Programme (SMP) running since May 2010. On 6 September 2012, the ECB announced a new plan for buying bonds from eurozone countries. The duration of the... | How does the ECB plan to increase the available credit for businesses? | {
"answer_start": [
359
],
"text": [
"Outright Monetary Transactions"
]
} |
572820842ca10214002d9e7e | European_Central_Bank | As of 18 June 2012, the ECB in total had spent €212.1bn (equal to 2.2% of the Eurozone GDP) for bond purchases covering outright debt, as part of its Securities Markets Programme (SMP) running since May 2010. On 6 September 2012, the ECB announced a new plan for buying bonds from eurozone countries. The duration of the... | What is the duration of the Outright Monetary Transactions program? | {
"answer_start": [
410
],
"text": [
"no ex-ante time or size limit"
]
} |
572820842ca10214002d9e7f | European_Central_Bank | As of 18 June 2012, the ECB in total had spent €212.1bn (equal to 2.2% of the Eurozone GDP) for bond purchases covering outright debt, as part of its Securities Markets Programme (SMP) running since May 2010. On 6 September 2012, the ECB announced a new plan for buying bonds from eurozone countries. The duration of the... | When was the new idea for the purchasing of eurozone bonds announced? | {
"answer_start": [
212
],
"text": [
"6 September 2012"
]
} |
572820842ca10214002d9e80 | European_Central_Bank | As of 18 June 2012, the ECB in total had spent €212.1bn (equal to 2.2% of the Eurozone GDP) for bond purchases covering outright debt, as part of its Securities Markets Programme (SMP) running since May 2010. On 6 September 2012, the ECB announced a new plan for buying bonds from eurozone countries. The duration of the... | How long was the duration of the Securities Markets Programme to last? | {
"answer_start": [
338
],
"text": [
"temporary"
]
} |
5728240c2ca10214002d9ecc | European_Central_Bank | Rescue operations involving sovereign debt have included temporarily moving bad or weak assets off the balance sheets of the weak member banks into the balance sheets of the European Central Bank. Such action is viewed as monetisation and can be seen as an inflationary threat, whereby the strong member countries of the... | What can be shuffeled around during a soverign debt crisis to mitigate the damage? | {
"answer_start": [
57
],
"text": [
"temporarily moving bad or weak assets"
]
} |
5728240c2ca10214002d9ecd | European_Central_Bank | Rescue operations involving sovereign debt have included temporarily moving bad or weak assets off the balance sheets of the weak member banks into the balance sheets of the European Central Bank. Such action is viewed as monetisation and can be seen as an inflationary threat, whereby the strong member countries of the... | Where do bad and weak assets get moved in times of soverign debt crisis? | {
"answer_start": [
148
],
"text": [
"the balance sheets of the European Central Bank"
]
} |
5728240c2ca10214002d9ece | European_Central_Bank | Rescue operations involving sovereign debt have included temporarily moving bad or weak assets off the balance sheets of the weak member banks into the balance sheets of the European Central Bank. Such action is viewed as monetisation and can be seen as an inflationary threat, whereby the strong member countries of the... | What is shuffling around bad or weak debts from a weaker eurozone member to the ECB known as? | {
"answer_start": [
222
],
"text": [
"monetisation"
]
} |
5728240c2ca10214002d9ecf | European_Central_Bank | Rescue operations involving sovereign debt have included temporarily moving bad or weak assets off the balance sheets of the weak member banks into the balance sheets of the European Central Bank. Such action is viewed as monetisation and can be seen as an inflationary threat, whereby the strong member countries of the... | What is monetisation usually viewed as? | {
"answer_start": [
257
],
"text": [
"inflationary threat"
]
} |
5728240c2ca10214002d9ed0 | European_Central_Bank | Rescue operations involving sovereign debt have included temporarily moving bad or weak assets off the balance sheets of the weak member banks into the balance sheets of the European Central Bank. Such action is viewed as monetisation and can be seen as an inflationary threat, whereby the strong member countries of the... | If the central banks can come to an agreement with the eurozone member about the continued repayment of the debt, what happens to the bad or weak debt? | {
"answer_start": [
457
],
"text": [
"move weak assets off their balance sheets"
]
} |
5728283a4b864d19001645fc | European_Central_Bank | The European Central Bank had stepped up the buying of member nations debt. In response to the crisis of 2010, some proposals have surfaced for a collective European bond issue that would allow the central bank to purchase a European version of US Treasury bills. To make European sovereign debt assets more similar to a... | What is being caused by links between soverign debt and failing national banks? | {
"answer_start": [
499
],
"text": [
"the sickness of the euro"
]
} |
5728283a4b864d19001645fd | European_Central_Bank | The European Central Bank had stepped up the buying of member nations debt. In response to the crisis of 2010, some proposals have surfaced for a collective European bond issue that would allow the central bank to purchase a European version of US Treasury bills. To make European sovereign debt assets more similar to a... | Which country has been resistant to attempts to make the soverign debt assets more like the U.S. Treasury? | {
"answer_start": [
415
],
"text": [
"the German government"
]
} |
5728283a4b864d19001645fe | European_Central_Bank | The European Central Bank had stepped up the buying of member nations debt. In response to the crisis of 2010, some proposals have surfaced for a collective European bond issue that would allow the central bank to purchase a European version of US Treasury bills. To make European sovereign debt assets more similar to a... | Who began to increase their coverage of weaker debts? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"The European Central Bank"
]
} |
5728283a4b864d19001645ff | European_Central_Bank | The European Central Bank had stepped up the buying of member nations debt. In response to the crisis of 2010, some proposals have surfaced for a collective European bond issue that would allow the central bank to purchase a European version of US Treasury bills. To make European sovereign debt assets more similar to a... | What would have to happen to make European sovereign debt assets more like what is found in the U.S. Treasury? | {
"answer_start": [
334
],
"text": [
"a collective guarantee of the member states' solvency"
]
} |
5728283a4b864d1900164600 | European_Central_Bank | The European Central Bank had stepped up the buying of member nations debt. In response to the crisis of 2010, some proposals have surfaced for a collective European bond issue that would allow the central bank to purchase a European version of US Treasury bills. To make European sovereign debt assets more similar to a... | Why did propsals about making the European sovereign debt assets more like the US Treasury? | {
"answer_start": [
91
],
"text": [
"the crisis of 2010"
]
} |
57282bdbff5b5019007d9e7a | European_Central_Bank | The bank must also co-operate within the EU and internationally with third bodies and entities. Finally, it contributes to maintaining a stable financial system and monitoring the banking sector. The latter can be seen, for example, in the bank's intervention during the subprime mortgage crisis when it loaned billions ... | What did the ECB do to help stabilise the financial system during the subprime mortgage crisis? | {
"answer_start": [
304
],
"text": [
"loaned billions of euros to banks"
]
} |
57282bdbff5b5019007d9e7b | European_Central_Bank | The bank must also co-operate within the EU and internationally with third bodies and entities. Finally, it contributes to maintaining a stable financial system and monitoring the banking sector. The latter can be seen, for example, in the bank's intervention during the subprime mortgage crisis when it loaned billions ... | Why did the ECB intervene during the subprime mortgage crisis? | {
"answer_start": [
338
],
"text": [
"to stabilise the financial system"
]
} |
57282bdcff5b5019007d9e7c | European_Central_Bank | The bank must also co-operate within the EU and internationally with third bodies and entities. Finally, it contributes to maintaining a stable financial system and monitoring the banking sector. The latter can be seen, for example, in the bank's intervention during the subprime mortgage crisis when it loaned billions ... | Who decided, along with the ECB, to use Term auction to help stabilize the financial crisis and improve dollar liquidity? | {
"answer_start": [
431
],
"text": [
"Federal Reserve System"
]
} |
57282bdcff5b5019007d9e7d | European_Central_Bank | The bank must also co-operate within the EU and internationally with third bodies and entities. Finally, it contributes to maintaining a stable financial system and monitoring the banking sector. The latter can be seen, for example, in the bank's intervention during the subprime mortgage crisis when it loaned billions ... | Besides cooperating with other financial institutions, how does the ECB help to maintain stability? | {
"answer_start": [
108
],
"text": [
"contributes to maintaining a stable financial system and monitoring the banking sector"
]
} |
57282bdcff5b5019007d9e7e | European_Central_Bank | The bank must also co-operate within the EU and internationally with third bodies and entities. Finally, it contributes to maintaining a stable financial system and monitoring the banking sector. The latter can be seen, for example, in the bank's intervention during the subprime mortgage crisis when it loaned billions ... | When did the ECB and Federal Rserve decide to collaborate on Term auction facility? | {
"answer_start": [
376
],
"text": [
"December 2007"
]
} |
57282fc54b864d190016469c | European_Central_Bank | In central banking, the privileged status of the central bank is that it can make as much money as it deems needed. In the United States Federal Reserve Bank, the Federal Reserve buys assets: typically, bonds issued by the Federal government. There is no limit on the bonds that it can buy and one of the tools at its di... | What is a perk of the central bank? | {
"answer_start": [
70
],
"text": [
"it can make as much money as it deems needed"
]
} |
57282fc54b864d190016469d | European_Central_Bank | In central banking, the privileged status of the central bank is that it can make as much money as it deems needed. In the United States Federal Reserve Bank, the Federal Reserve buys assets: typically, bonds issued by the Federal government. There is no limit on the bonds that it can buy and one of the tools at its di... | What kinds of assets does the US Federal Reserve buy? | {
"answer_start": [
203
],
"text": [
"bonds issued by the Federal government"
]
} |
57282fc54b864d190016469e | European_Central_Bank | In central banking, the privileged status of the central bank is that it can make as much money as it deems needed. In the United States Federal Reserve Bank, the Federal Reserve buys assets: typically, bonds issued by the Federal government. There is no limit on the bonds that it can buy and one of the tools at its di... | What kind of asset will the Federal Reserve purchase in mass quantities at a time of crisis? | {
"answer_start": [
439
],
"text": [
"commercial paper"
]
} |
57282fc54b864d190016469f | European_Central_Bank | In central banking, the privileged status of the central bank is that it can make as much money as it deems needed. In the United States Federal Reserve Bank, the Federal Reserve buys assets: typically, bonds issued by the Federal government. There is no limit on the bonds that it can buy and one of the tools at its di... | What is the purpose of buying commercial paper in a time of financial crisis? | {
"answer_start": [
491
],
"text": [
"to ensure that adequate liquidity is available for functioning"
]
} |
572831873acd2414000df6b1 | European_Central_Bank | Think-tanks such as the World Pensions Council have also argued that European legislators have pushed somewhat dogmatically for the adoption of the Basel II recommendations, adopted in 2005, transposed in European Union law through the Capital Requirements Directive (CRD), effective since 2008. In essence, they forced ... | Which agencies have became the authority on assessing the risk of financial institutions? | {
"answer_start": [
563
],
"text": [
"Moody's and S&P"
]
} |
572831873acd2414000df6b2 | European_Central_Bank | Think-tanks such as the World Pensions Council have also argued that European legislators have pushed somewhat dogmatically for the adoption of the Basel II recommendations, adopted in 2005, transposed in European Union law through the Capital Requirements Directive (CRD), effective since 2008. In essence, they forced ... | When was Basel II adopted? | {
"answer_start": [
185
],
"text": [
"2005"
]
} |
572831873acd2414000df6b3 | European_Central_Bank | Think-tanks such as the World Pensions Council have also argued that European legislators have pushed somewhat dogmatically for the adoption of the Basel II recommendations, adopted in 2005, transposed in European Union law through the Capital Requirements Directive (CRD), effective since 2008. In essence, they forced ... | What said that agencies had to start using Moody's and S&P to assess financial institutions? | {
"answer_start": [
144
],
"text": [
"the Basel II recommendations"
]
} |
572831873acd2414000df6b4 | European_Central_Bank | Think-tanks such as the World Pensions Council have also argued that European legislators have pushed somewhat dogmatically for the adoption of the Basel II recommendations, adopted in 2005, transposed in European Union law through the Capital Requirements Directive (CRD), effective since 2008. In essence, they forced ... | Since when have the Basel II recommendations been in effect? | {
"answer_start": [
290
],
"text": [
"2008"
]
} |
572832df4b864d19001646fa | European_Central_Bank | The bank is based in Frankfurt, the largest financial centre in the Eurozone. Its location in the city is fixed by the Amsterdam Treaty. The bank moved to new purpose-built headquarters in 2014 which were designed a Vienna-based architectural office named Coop Himmelbau. The building is approximately 180 metres (591 ft... | Where is the European Central bank located? | {
"answer_start": [
21
],
"text": [
"Frankfurt"
]
} |
572832df4b864d19001646fb | European_Central_Bank | The bank is based in Frankfurt, the largest financial centre in the Eurozone. Its location in the city is fixed by the Amsterdam Treaty. The bank moved to new purpose-built headquarters in 2014 which were designed a Vienna-based architectural office named Coop Himmelbau. The building is approximately 180 metres (591 ft... | What decided where the bank was to be located? | {
"answer_start": [
119
],
"text": [
"Amsterdam Treaty"
]
} |
572832df4b864d19001646fc | European_Central_Bank | The bank is based in Frankfurt, the largest financial centre in the Eurozone. Its location in the city is fixed by the Amsterdam Treaty. The bank moved to new purpose-built headquarters in 2014 which were designed a Vienna-based architectural office named Coop Himmelbau. The building is approximately 180 metres (591 ft... | When did the bank move to it's new headquarters? | {
"answer_start": [
189
],
"text": [
"2014"
]
} |
572832df4b864d19001646fd | European_Central_Bank | The bank is based in Frankfurt, the largest financial centre in the Eurozone. Its location in the city is fixed by the Amsterdam Treaty. The bank moved to new purpose-built headquarters in 2014 which were designed a Vienna-based architectural office named Coop Himmelbau. The building is approximately 180 metres (591 ft... | What previously stood where the bank is now? | {
"answer_start": [
418
],
"text": [
"the former wholesale market"
]
} |
572832df4b864d19001646fe | European_Central_Bank | The bank is based in Frankfurt, the largest financial centre in the Eurozone. Its location in the city is fixed by the Amsterdam Treaty. The bank moved to new purpose-built headquarters in 2014 which were designed a Vienna-based architectural office named Coop Himmelbau. The building is approximately 180 metres (591 ft... | When did construction of the new bank begin? | {
"answer_start": [
519
],
"text": [
"October 2008"
]
} |
572834212ca10214002da0aa | European_Central_Bank | On 21 December 2011 the bank instituted a programme of making low-interest loans with a term of three years (36 months) and 1% interest to European banks accepting loans from the portfolio of the banks as collateral. Loans totalling €489.2 bn (US$640 bn) were announced. The loans were not offered to European states, bu... | After the loan program was announced, which countries borrowed the most? | {
"answer_start": [
819
],
"text": [
"Greece, Ireland, Italy and Spain"
]
} |
572834212ca10214002da0ab | European_Central_Bank | On 21 December 2011 the bank instituted a programme of making low-interest loans with a term of three years (36 months) and 1% interest to European banks accepting loans from the portfolio of the banks as collateral. Loans totalling €489.2 bn (US$640 bn) were announced. The loans were not offered to European states, bu... | What would happen if some of the banks were to begin buying govenrment bonds? | {
"answer_start": [
1210
],
"text": [
"easing the debt crisis"
]
} |
572834212ca10214002da0ac | European_Central_Bank | On 21 December 2011 the bank instituted a programme of making low-interest loans with a term of three years (36 months) and 1% interest to European banks accepting loans from the portfolio of the banks as collateral. Loans totalling €489.2 bn (US$640 bn) were announced. The loans were not offered to European states, bu... | How much does the ECB have to have to pay off it's own debts? | {
"answer_start": [
928
],
"text": [
"€200bn"
]
} |
572834212ca10214002da0ad | European_Central_Bank | On 21 December 2011 the bank instituted a programme of making low-interest loans with a term of three years (36 months) and 1% interest to European banks accepting loans from the portfolio of the banks as collateral. Loans totalling €489.2 bn (US$640 bn) were announced. The loans were not offered to European states, bu... | How do you prevent a credit bottleneck? | {
"answer_start": [
1019
],
"text": [
"keep operating and loaning to businesses"
]
} |
572835132ca10214002da0bc | European_Central_Bank | The ECB's first supplementary longer-term refinancing operation (LTRO) with a six-month maturity was announced March 2008. Previously the longest tender offered was three months. It announced two 3-month and one 6-month full allotment of Long Term Refinancing Operations (LTROs). The first tender was settled 3 April, an... | What is an LTRO? | {
"answer_start": [
30
],
"text": [
"longer-term refinancing operation"
]
} |
572835132ca10214002da0bd | European_Central_Bank | The ECB's first supplementary longer-term refinancing operation (LTRO) with a six-month maturity was announced March 2008. Previously the longest tender offered was three months. It announced two 3-month and one 6-month full allotment of Long Term Refinancing Operations (LTROs). The first tender was settled 3 April, an... | How long was the time to maturity on an LTRO? | {
"answer_start": [
78
],
"text": [
"six-month"
]
} |
572835132ca10214002da0be | European_Central_Bank | The ECB's first supplementary longer-term refinancing operation (LTRO) with a six-month maturity was announced March 2008. Previously the longest tender offered was three months. It announced two 3-month and one 6-month full allotment of Long Term Refinancing Operations (LTROs). The first tender was settled 3 April, an... | When were the first supplemental LTRO's offered? | {
"answer_start": [
111
],
"text": [
"March 2008"
]
} |
572835132ca10214002da0bf | European_Central_Bank | The ECB's first supplementary longer-term refinancing operation (LTRO) with a six-month maturity was announced March 2008. Previously the longest tender offered was three months. It announced two 3-month and one 6-month full allotment of Long Term Refinancing Operations (LTROs). The first tender was settled 3 April, an... | How long had the time to maturity been previously? | {
"answer_start": [
165
],
"text": [
"three months"
]
} |
572835132ca10214002da0c0 | European_Central_Bank | The ECB's first supplementary longer-term refinancing operation (LTRO) with a six-month maturity was announced March 2008. Previously the longest tender offered was three months. It announced two 3-month and one 6-month full allotment of Long Term Refinancing Operations (LTROs). The first tender was settled 3 April, an... | How many bids were recorded at the auction for the first 12 month LRTO? | {
"answer_start": [
568
],
"text": [
"close to 1100 bidders"
]
} |
5727fa9c3acd2414000df147 | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's (/ˌseɪntˈdʒɒnz/, local /ˌseɪntˈdʒɑːnz/) is the capital and largest city in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. St. John's was incorporated as a city in 1888, yet is considered by some to be the oldest English-founded city in North America. It is located on the eastern tip of the Avalon Peninsula on the island... | In what country is St. John's located? | {
"answer_start": [
113
],
"text": [
"Canada"
]
} |
5727fa9c3acd2414000df148 | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's (/ˌseɪntˈdʒɒnz/, local /ˌseɪntˈdʒɑːnz/) is the capital and largest city in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. St. John's was incorporated as a city in 1888, yet is considered by some to be the oldest English-founded city in North America. It is located on the eastern tip of the Avalon Peninsula on the island... | What is the name of the island that St. John's is located? | {
"answer_start": [
324
],
"text": [
"Newfoundland"
]
} |
5727fa9c3acd2414000df149 | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's (/ˌseɪntˈdʒɒnz/, local /ˌseɪntˈdʒɑːnz/) is the capital and largest city in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. St. John's was incorporated as a city in 1888, yet is considered by some to be the oldest English-founded city in North America. It is located on the eastern tip of the Avalon Peninsula on the island... | What city is ranked 20th in largest metropolitan area for Canada? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"St. John's"
]
} |
5727fa9c3acd2414000df14a | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's (/ˌseɪntˈdʒɒnz/, local /ˌseɪntˈdʒɑːnz/) is the capital and largest city in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. St. John's was incorporated as a city in 1888, yet is considered by some to be the oldest English-founded city in North America. It is located on the eastern tip of the Avalon Peninsula on the island... | Where on the Avalon Peninsula is St. John's located? | {
"answer_start": [
271
],
"text": [
"eastern tip"
]
} |
5727fa9c3acd2414000df14b | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's (/ˌseɪntˈdʒɒnz/, local /ˌseɪntˈdʒɑːnz/) is the capital and largest city in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. St. John's was incorporated as a city in 1888, yet is considered by some to be the oldest English-founded city in North America. It is located on the eastern tip of the Avalon Peninsula on the island... | In what year did St. John's have a population of 214,285? | {
"answer_start": [
381
],
"text": [
"2015"
]
} |
5727fc492ca10214002d9ab4 | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's is one of the oldest settlements in North America, with year-round settlement beginning sometime after 1630 and seasonal habitation long before that. It is not, however, the oldest surviving English settlement in North America or Canada, having been preceded by the Cuper's Cove colony at Cupids, founded in 1... | Which city is considered one of the oldest settlements in North America? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"St. John's"
]
} |
5727fc492ca10214002d9ab5 | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's is one of the oldest settlements in North America, with year-round settlement beginning sometime after 1630 and seasonal habitation long before that. It is not, however, the oldest surviving English settlement in North America or Canada, having been preceded by the Cuper's Cove colony at Cupids, founded in 1... | Around what year did settlement begin to occur in St. John's? | {
"answer_start": [
114
],
"text": [
"1630"
]
} |
5727fc492ca10214002d9ab6 | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's is one of the oldest settlements in North America, with year-round settlement beginning sometime after 1630 and seasonal habitation long before that. It is not, however, the oldest surviving English settlement in North America or Canada, having been preceded by the Cuper's Cove colony at Cupids, founded in 1... | When was Cuper's Cove colony founded? | {
"answer_start": [
319
],
"text": [
"1610"
]
} |
5727fc492ca10214002d9ab7 | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's is one of the oldest settlements in North America, with year-round settlement beginning sometime after 1630 and seasonal habitation long before that. It is not, however, the oldest surviving English settlement in North America or Canada, having been preceded by the Cuper's Cove colony at Cupids, founded in 1... | What year was Bristol's Hope colony founded? | {
"answer_start": [
384
],
"text": [
"1618"
]
} |
5727fc492ca10214002d9ab8 | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's is one of the oldest settlements in North America, with year-round settlement beginning sometime after 1630 and seasonal habitation long before that. It is not, however, the oldest surviving English settlement in North America or Canada, having been preceded by the Cuper's Cove colony at Cupids, founded in 1... | Who forbade the english fisherman to setup seasonal camps in Newfoundland? | {
"answer_start": [
536
],
"text": [
"British government"
]
} |
5727fe9a2ca10214002d9ada | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | Sebastian Cabot declares in a handwritten Latin text in his original 1545 map, that the St. John's earned its name when he and his father, the Venetian explorer John Cabot became the first Europeans to sail into the harbour, in the morning of 24 June 1494 (against British and French historians stating 1497), the feast ... | What was John Cabot's sons first name? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Sebastian"
]
} |
5727fe9a2ca10214002d9adb | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | Sebastian Cabot declares in a handwritten Latin text in his original 1545 map, that the St. John's earned its name when he and his father, the Venetian explorer John Cabot became the first Europeans to sail into the harbour, in the morning of 24 June 1494 (against British and French historians stating 1497), the feast ... | What was the occupation of John Cabot? | {
"answer_start": [
152
],
"text": [
"explorer"
]
} |
5727fe9a2ca10214002d9adc | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | Sebastian Cabot declares in a handwritten Latin text in his original 1545 map, that the St. John's earned its name when he and his father, the Venetian explorer John Cabot became the first Europeans to sail into the harbour, in the morning of 24 June 1494 (against British and French historians stating 1497), the feast ... | Where did the French, Spanish and Portuguese start to travel to fish yearly in 1540? | {
"answer_start": [
627
],
"text": [
"Avalon Peninsula"
]
} |
5727fe9a2ca10214002d9add | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | Sebastian Cabot declares in a handwritten Latin text in his original 1545 map, that the St. John's earned its name when he and his father, the Venetian explorer John Cabot became the first Europeans to sail into the harbour, in the morning of 24 June 1494 (against British and French historians stating 1497), the feast ... | Where is the Bay of Pasaia located? | {
"answer_start": [
822
],
"text": [
"Basque Country"
]
} |
5727fe9a2ca10214002d9ade | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | Sebastian Cabot declares in a handwritten Latin text in his original 1545 map, that the St. John's earned its name when he and his father, the Venetian explorer John Cabot became the first Europeans to sail into the harbour, in the morning of 24 June 1494 (against British and French historians stating 1497), the feast ... | In what language did Sebastian Cabot write his map from 1545? | {
"answer_start": [
42
],
"text": [
"Latin"
]
} |
572806a12ca10214002d9be0 | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | The earliest record of the location appears as São João on a Portuguese map by Pedro Reinel in 1519. When John Rut visited St. John's in 1527 he found Norman, Breton and Portuguese ships in the harbour. On 3 August 1527, Rut wrote a letter to King Henry on the findings of his voyage to North America; this was the first... | What year did John Rut visit St. John's? | {
"answer_start": [
137
],
"text": [
"1527"
]
} |
572806a12ca10214002d9be1 | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | The earliest record of the location appears as São João on a Portuguese map by Pedro Reinel in 1519. When John Rut visited St. John's in 1527 he found Norman, Breton and Portuguese ships in the harbour. On 3 August 1527, Rut wrote a letter to King Henry on the findings of his voyage to North America; this was the first... | Who sent the first known letter from North America? | {
"answer_start": [
106
],
"text": [
"John Rut"
]
} |
572806a12ca10214002d9be2 | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | The earliest record of the location appears as São João on a Portuguese map by Pedro Reinel in 1519. When John Rut visited St. John's in 1527 he found Norman, Breton and Portuguese ships in the harbour. On 3 August 1527, Rut wrote a letter to King Henry on the findings of his voyage to North America; this was the first... | What three countries ships did John Rut find in 1527? | {
"answer_start": [
151
],
"text": [
"Norman, Breton and Portuguese"
]
} |
572806a12ca10214002d9be3 | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | The earliest record of the location appears as São João on a Portuguese map by Pedro Reinel in 1519. When John Rut visited St. John's in 1527 he found Norman, Breton and Portuguese ships in the harbour. On 3 August 1527, Rut wrote a letter to King Henry on the findings of his voyage to North America; this was the first... | Who did John Rut write a letter to in 1527? | {
"answer_start": [
243
],
"text": [
"King Henry"
]
} |
57280b934b864d19001642f2 | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | By 1620, the fishermen of England's West Country controlled most of Newfoundland's east coast. In 1627, William Payne, called St. John's "the principal prime and chief lot in all the whole country". The population grew slowly in the 17th century and St. John's was the largest settlement in Newfoundland when English nav... | Who referred St. John's as St. "the principal prime and chief lot in all the whole country" ? | {
"answer_start": [
104
],
"text": [
"William Payne"
]
} |
57280b934b864d19001642f3 | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | By 1620, the fishermen of England's West Country controlled most of Newfoundland's east coast. In 1627, William Payne, called St. John's "the principal prime and chief lot in all the whole country". The population grew slowly in the 17th century and St. John's was the largest settlement in Newfoundland when English nav... | When did censuses start being conducted in St. John's? | {
"answer_start": [
362
],
"text": [
"1675"
]
} |
57280b934b864d19001642f4 | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | By 1620, the fishermen of England's West Country controlled most of Newfoundland's east coast. In 1627, William Payne, called St. John's "the principal prime and chief lot in all the whole country". The population grew slowly in the 17th century and St. John's was the largest settlement in Newfoundland when English nav... | When did Irish men begin to operate inshore fishing boats in St. John's? | {
"answer_start": [
453
],
"text": [
"1680"
]
} |
57280b934b864d19001642f5 | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | By 1620, the fishermen of England's West Country controlled most of Newfoundland's east coast. In 1627, William Payne, called St. John's "the principal prime and chief lot in all the whole country". The population grew slowly in the 17th century and St. John's was the largest settlement in Newfoundland when English nav... | What grew during the summers in St. John's? | {
"answer_start": [
372
],
"text": [
"population"
]
} |
57280b934b864d19001642f6 | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | By 1620, the fishermen of England's West Country controlled most of Newfoundland's east coast. In 1627, William Payne, called St. John's "the principal prime and chief lot in all the whole country". The population grew slowly in the 17th century and St. John's was the largest settlement in Newfoundland when English nav... | Who controlled most of Newfoundland's east coast by 1620? | {
"answer_start": [
13
],
"text": [
"fishermen"
]
} |
57280ddb4b864d190016432a | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | The town's first significant defences were likely erected due to commercial interests, following the temporary seizure of St. John's by the Dutch admiral Michiel de Ruyter in June 1665. The inhabitants were able to fend off a second Dutch attack in 1673, when this time it was defended by Christopher Martin, an English ... | Who briefly seized St. John's in 1665? | {
"answer_start": [
154
],
"text": [
"Michiel de Ruyter"
]
} |
57280ddb4b864d190016432b | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | The town's first significant defences were likely erected due to commercial interests, following the temporary seizure of St. John's by the Dutch admiral Michiel de Ruyter in June 1665. The inhabitants were able to fend off a second Dutch attack in 1673, when this time it was defended by Christopher Martin, an English ... | In what year did the dutch attack St. John for a second time? | {
"answer_start": [
249
],
"text": [
"1673"
]
} |
57280ddb4b864d190016432c | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | The town's first significant defences were likely erected due to commercial interests, following the temporary seizure of St. John's by the Dutch admiral Michiel de Ruyter in June 1665. The inhabitants were able to fend off a second Dutch attack in 1673, when this time it was defended by Christopher Martin, an English ... | How many men defended the attack from the Dutch in 1673? | {
"answer_start": [
525
],
"text": [
"twenty-three"
]
} |
57280ddb4b864d190016432d | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | The town's first significant defences were likely erected due to commercial interests, following the temporary seizure of St. John's by the Dutch admiral Michiel de Ruyter in June 1665. The inhabitants were able to fend off a second Dutch attack in 1673, when this time it was defended by Christopher Martin, an English ... | Who destroyed Fort William in 1696? | {
"answer_start": [
767
],
"text": [
"Pierre Le Moyne"
]
} |
57280ddb4b864d190016432e | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | The town's first significant defences were likely erected due to commercial interests, following the temporary seizure of St. John's by the Dutch admiral Michiel de Ruyter in June 1665. The inhabitants were able to fend off a second Dutch attack in 1673, when this time it was defended by Christopher Martin, an English ... | How many Dutch warships were fended of by Christopher Martin in 1673? | {
"answer_start": [
584
],
"text": [
"three"
]
} |
572812962ca10214002d9d3e | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's was the starting point for the first non-stop transatlantic aircraft flight, by Alcock and Brown in a modified Vickers Vimy IV bomber, in June 1919, departing from Lester's Field in St. John's and ending in a bog near Clifden, Connemara, Ireland. In July 2005, the flight was duplicated by American aviator an... | Who flew the first non-stop transatlantic aircraft flight? | {
"answer_start": [
91
],
"text": [
"Alcock and Brown"
]
} |
572812962ca10214002d9d3f | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's was the starting point for the first non-stop transatlantic aircraft flight, by Alcock and Brown in a modified Vickers Vimy IV bomber, in June 1919, departing from Lester's Field in St. John's and ending in a bog near Clifden, Connemara, Ireland. In July 2005, the flight was duplicated by American aviator an... | What aircraft did Alcock and Brown use in 1919 for their flight? | {
"answer_start": [
122
],
"text": [
"Vickers Vimy IV bomber"
]
} |
572812962ca10214002d9d40 | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's was the starting point for the first non-stop transatlantic aircraft flight, by Alcock and Brown in a modified Vickers Vimy IV bomber, in June 1919, departing from Lester's Field in St. John's and ending in a bog near Clifden, Connemara, Ireland. In July 2005, the flight was duplicated by American aviator an... | Where in St. John's did Alcock and Brown depart from in June 1919? | {
"answer_start": [
175
],
"text": [
"Lester's Field"
]
} |
572812962ca10214002d9d41 | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's was the starting point for the first non-stop transatlantic aircraft flight, by Alcock and Brown in a modified Vickers Vimy IV bomber, in June 1919, departing from Lester's Field in St. John's and ending in a bog near Clifden, Connemara, Ireland. In July 2005, the flight was duplicated by American aviator an... | Who duplicated Alcock and Brown flight in 2005? | {
"answer_start": [
333
],
"text": [
"Steve Fossett"
]
} |
572812962ca10214002d9d42 | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's was the starting point for the first non-stop transatlantic aircraft flight, by Alcock and Brown in a modified Vickers Vimy IV bomber, in June 1919, departing from Lester's Field in St. John's and ending in a bog near Clifden, Connemara, Ireland. In July 2005, the flight was duplicated by American aviator an... | What aircraft did Steve Fossett use for his flight in July 2005? | {
"answer_start": [
352
],
"text": [
"replica Vickers Vimy"
]
} |
572813c5ff5b5019007d9c9e | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's, and the province as a whole, was gravely affected in the 1990s by the collapse of the Northern cod fishery, which had been the driving force of the provincial economy for hundreds of years. After a decade of high unemployment rates and depopulation, the city's proximity to the Hibernia, Terra Nova and White... | When did the Northern cod fishery collapse? | {
"answer_start": [
69
],
"text": [
"1990s"
]
} |
572813c5ff5b5019007d9c9f | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's, and the province as a whole, was gravely affected in the 1990s by the collapse of the Northern cod fishery, which had been the driving force of the provincial economy for hundreds of years. After a decade of high unemployment rates and depopulation, the city's proximity to the Hibernia, Terra Nova and White... | What led to an economic boom in St. John's? | {
"answer_start": [
290
],
"text": [
"Hibernia, Terra Nova and White Rose oil fields"
]
} |
572813c5ff5b5019007d9ca0 | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's, and the province as a whole, was gravely affected in the 1990s by the collapse of the Northern cod fishery, which had been the driving force of the provincial economy for hundreds of years. After a decade of high unemployment rates and depopulation, the city's proximity to the Hibernia, Terra Nova and White... | For how long did the Northern cod fishery provide a stable economy for St. John's? | {
"answer_start": [
183
],
"text": [
"hundreds of years"
]
} |
572813c5ff5b5019007d9ca1 | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's, and the province as a whole, was gravely affected in the 1990s by the collapse of the Northern cod fishery, which had been the driving force of the provincial economy for hundreds of years. After a decade of high unemployment rates and depopulation, the city's proximity to the Hibernia, Terra Nova and White... | How long did unemployment rates and depopulation suffer in St. John's? | {
"answer_start": [
210
],
"text": [
"decade"
]
} |
5728166c4b864d190016444a | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's is located along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, on the northeast of the Avalon Peninsula in southeast Newfoundland. The city covers an area of 446.04 square kilometres (172.22 sq mi) and is the most easterly city in North America, excluding Greenland; it is 295 miles (475 km) closer to London, England than... | Near what body of water is St. John's located by? | {
"answer_start": [
45
],
"text": [
"Atlantic Ocean"
]
} |
5728166c4b864d190016444b | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's is located along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, on the northeast of the Avalon Peninsula in southeast Newfoundland. The city covers an area of 446.04 square kilometres (172.22 sq mi) and is the most easterly city in North America, excluding Greenland; it is 295 miles (475 km) closer to London, England than... | How many Square miles is St. John's? | {
"answer_start": [
182
],
"text": [
"172.22"
]
} |
5728166c4b864d190016444c | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's is located along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, on the northeast of the Avalon Peninsula in southeast Newfoundland. The city covers an area of 446.04 square kilometres (172.22 sq mi) and is the most easterly city in North America, excluding Greenland; it is 295 miles (475 km) closer to London, England than... | In what providence is Edmonton located? | {
"answer_start": [
340
],
"text": [
"Alberta"
]
} |
5728166c4b864d190016444d | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's is located along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, on the northeast of the Avalon Peninsula in southeast Newfoundland. The city covers an area of 446.04 square kilometres (172.22 sq mi) and is the most easterly city in North America, excluding Greenland; it is 295 miles (475 km) closer to London, England than... | What is the largest Atlantic Province city? | {
"answer_start": [
652
],
"text": [
"Halifax"
]
} |
57281785ff5b5019007d9d06 | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb), with lower seasonal variation than normal for the latitude, which is due to Gulf Stream moderation. However, despite this maritime moderation, average January high temperatures are actually slightly colder in St. John's than it is in Kelowna, British Columbia, wh... | How is the climate in St. John's? | {
"answer_start": [
17
],
"text": [
"humid"
]
} |
57281785ff5b5019007d9d07 | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb), with lower seasonal variation than normal for the latitude, which is due to Gulf Stream moderation. However, despite this maritime moderation, average January high temperatures are actually slightly colder in St. John's than it is in Kelowna, British Columbia, wh... | In which province is Kelowna located? | {
"answer_start": [
300
],
"text": [
"British Columbia"
]
} |
57281785ff5b5019007d9d08 | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb), with lower seasonal variation than normal for the latitude, which is due to Gulf Stream moderation. However, despite this maritime moderation, average January high temperatures are actually slightly colder in St. John's than it is in Kelowna, British Columbia, wh... | Which Canadian city is the most rainiest? | {
"answer_start": [
866
],
"text": [
"British Columbia"
]
} |
57281785ff5b5019007d9d09 | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb), with lower seasonal variation than normal for the latitude, which is due to Gulf Stream moderation. However, despite this maritime moderation, average January high temperatures are actually slightly colder in St. John's than it is in Kelowna, British Columbia, wh... | What body of water is to the east of St. John? | {
"answer_start": [
697
],
"text": [
"Atlantic Ocean"
]
} |
57281785ff5b5019007d9d0a | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb), with lower seasonal variation than normal for the latitude, which is due to Gulf Stream moderation. However, despite this maritime moderation, average January high temperatures are actually slightly colder in St. John's than it is in Kelowna, British Columbia, wh... | From where do tropical storms travel from to St. John's? | {
"answer_start": [
790
],
"text": [
"United States"
]
} |
572818b93acd2414000df475 | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | Of major Canadian cities, St. John's is the foggiest (124 days), windiest (24.3 km/h (15.1 mph) average speed), and cloudiest (1,497 hours of sunshine). St. John's experiences milder temperatures during the winter season in comparison to other Canadian cities, and has the mildest winter for any Canadian city outside of... | What is the foggiest Canadian city? | {
"answer_start": [
26
],
"text": [
"St. John's"
]
} |
572818b93acd2414000df476 | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | Of major Canadian cities, St. John's is the foggiest (124 days), windiest (24.3 km/h (15.1 mph) average speed), and cloudiest (1,497 hours of sunshine). St. John's experiences milder temperatures during the winter season in comparison to other Canadian cities, and has the mildest winter for any Canadian city outside of... | What is the average wind speed in miles per hour for St. John's? | {
"answer_start": [
86
],
"text": [
"15.1 mph"
]
} |
572818b93acd2414000df477 | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | Of major Canadian cities, St. John's is the foggiest (124 days), windiest (24.3 km/h (15.1 mph) average speed), and cloudiest (1,497 hours of sunshine). St. John's experiences milder temperatures during the winter season in comparison to other Canadian cities, and has the mildest winter for any Canadian city outside of... | What Canadian city has the mildest winter temperature? | {
"answer_start": [
321
],
"text": [
"British Columbia"
]
} |
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