id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 442
values | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 270 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
572810763acd2414000df38f | Time | Time travel is the concept of moving backwards or forwards to different points in time, in a manner analogous to moving through space, and different from the normal "flow" of time to an earthbound observer. In this view, all points in time (including future times) "persist" in some way. Time travel has been a plot devi... | A time machine is known as any technological devise that is used for what purpose? | {
"answer_start": [
548
],
"text": [
"to achieve time travel"
]
} |
5728114e2ca10214002d9d1a | Time | Another solution to the problem of causality-based temporal paradoxes is that such paradoxes cannot arise simply because they have not arisen. As illustrated in numerous works of fiction, free will either ceases to exist in the past or the outcomes of such decisions are predetermined. As such, it would not be possible ... | What is another solution to the problem of temporal paradoxes? | {
"answer_start": [
83
],
"text": [
"paradoxes cannot arise simply because they have not arisen"
]
} |
5728114e2ca10214002d9d1b | Time | Another solution to the problem of causality-based temporal paradoxes is that such paradoxes cannot arise simply because they have not arisen. As illustrated in numerous works of fiction, free will either ceases to exist in the past or the outcomes of such decisions are predetermined. As such, it would not be possible ... | In several works of fiction, what ceases to exist in the past which causes paradoxes not to arise? | {
"answer_start": [
188
],
"text": [
"free will"
]
} |
5728114e2ca10214002d9d1c | Time | Another solution to the problem of causality-based temporal paradoxes is that such paradoxes cannot arise simply because they have not arisen. As illustrated in numerous works of fiction, free will either ceases to exist in the past or the outcomes of such decisions are predetermined. As such, it would not be possible ... | What paradox cannot be enacted because it is a fact that your grandfather was not killed before your parent was conceived? | {
"answer_start": [
329
],
"text": [
"the grandfather paradox"
]
} |
5728114e2ca10214002d9d1d | Time | Another solution to the problem of causality-based temporal paradoxes is that such paradoxes cannot arise simply because they have not arisen. As illustrated in numerous works of fiction, free will either ceases to exist in the past or the outcomes of such decisions are predetermined. As such, it would not be possible ... | What principle elaborates more on the view described? | {
"answer_start": [
753
],
"text": [
"the Novikov self-consistency principle."
]
} |
572813e23acd2414000df3e3 | Time | Psychoactive drugs can impair the judgment of time. Stimulants can lead both humans and rats to overestimate time intervals, while depressants can have the opposite effect. The level of activity in the brain of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and norepinephrine may be the reason for this. Such chemicals will either ... | What type of drugs can impair the judgement of time? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Psychoactive drugs"
]
} |
572813e23acd2414000df3e4 | Time | Psychoactive drugs can impair the judgment of time. Stimulants can lead both humans and rats to overestimate time intervals, while depressants can have the opposite effect. The level of activity in the brain of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and norepinephrine may be the reason for this. Such chemicals will either ... | Stimulants lead humans to overestimate what? | {
"answer_start": [
109
],
"text": [
"time intervals"
]
} |
572813e23acd2414000df3e5 | Time | Psychoactive drugs can impair the judgment of time. Stimulants can lead both humans and rats to overestimate time intervals, while depressants can have the opposite effect. The level of activity in the brain of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and norepinephrine may be the reason for this. Such chemicals will either ... | What causes humans to underestimate time intervals? | {
"answer_start": [
131
],
"text": [
"depressants"
]
} |
572813e23acd2414000df3e6 | Time | Psychoactive drugs can impair the judgment of time. Stimulants can lead both humans and rats to overestimate time intervals, while depressants can have the opposite effect. The level of activity in the brain of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and norepinephrine may be the reason for this. Such chemicals will either ... | The level of what is the reason stimulants and depressants change human perceptions of time? | {
"answer_start": [
173
],
"text": [
"The level of activity in the brain of neurotransmitters"
]
} |
572813e23acd2414000df3e7 | Time | Psychoactive drugs can impair the judgment of time. Stimulants can lead both humans and rats to overestimate time intervals, while depressants can have the opposite effect. The level of activity in the brain of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and norepinephrine may be the reason for this. Such chemicals will either ... | Such chemicals do what to the firing of the brain's neurons? | {
"answer_start": [
313
],
"text": [
"either excite or inhibit the firing of neurons"
]
} |
572814644b864d19001643fc | Time | The use of time is an important issue in understanding human behavior, education, and travel behavior. Time-use research is a developing field of study. The question concerns how time is allocated across a number of activities (such as time spent at home, at work, shopping, etc.). Time use changes with technology, as t... | The use of time is important in understanding what? | {
"answer_start": [
55
],
"text": [
"human behavior, education, and travel behavior"
]
} |
572814644b864d19001643fd | Time | The use of time is an important issue in understanding human behavior, education, and travel behavior. Time-use research is a developing field of study. The question concerns how time is allocated across a number of activities (such as time spent at home, at work, shopping, etc.). Time use changes with technology, as t... | What is a developing field of time related study? | {
"answer_start": [
103
],
"text": [
"Time-use research"
]
} |
572814644b864d19001643fe | Time | The use of time is an important issue in understanding human behavior, education, and travel behavior. Time-use research is a developing field of study. The question concerns how time is allocated across a number of activities (such as time spent at home, at work, shopping, etc.). Time use changes with technology, as t... | Time use is always changing with advances in what? | {
"answer_start": [
304
],
"text": [
"technology"
]
} |
572814644b864d19001643ff | Time | The use of time is an important issue in understanding human behavior, education, and travel behavior. Time-use research is a developing field of study. The question concerns how time is allocated across a number of activities (such as time spent at home, at work, shopping, etc.). Time use changes with technology, as t... | Travelling to work has been observed to be about how long for a large number of cities over a long period? | {
"answer_start": [
614
],
"text": [
"20–30 minutes one-way"
]
} |
5728151c2ca10214002d9d87 | Time | A sequence of events, or series of events, is a sequence of items, facts, events, actions, changes, or procedural steps, arranged in time order (chronological order), often with causality relationships among the items. Because of causality, cause precedes effect, or cause and effect may appear together in a single item... | What may the description of events include? | {
"answer_start": [
483
],
"text": [
"a timestamp"
]
} |
5728151c2ca10214002d9d85 | Time | A sequence of events, or series of events, is a sequence of items, facts, events, actions, changes, or procedural steps, arranged in time order (chronological order), often with causality relationships among the items. Because of causality, cause precedes effect, or cause and effect may appear together in a single item... | What never precedes cause because of causality? | {
"answer_start": [
326
],
"text": [
"effect"
]
} |
5728151c2ca10214002d9d88 | Time | A sequence of events, or series of events, is a sequence of items, facts, events, actions, changes, or procedural steps, arranged in time order (chronological order), often with causality relationships among the items. Because of causality, cause precedes effect, or cause and effect may appear together in a single item... | A sequence of events used to describe a sequential path can be referred to as what? | {
"answer_start": [
633
],
"text": [
"a world line"
]
} |
5728151c2ca10214002d9d86 | Time | A sequence of events, or series of events, is a sequence of items, facts, events, actions, changes, or procedural steps, arranged in time order (chronological order), often with causality relationships among the items. Because of causality, cause precedes effect, or cause and effect may appear together in a single item... | In what ways can a sequence of events be presented? | {
"answer_start": [
393
],
"text": [
"in text, tables, charts, or timelines"
]
} |
5728151c2ca10214002d9d84 | Time | A sequence of events, or series of events, is a sequence of items, facts, events, actions, changes, or procedural steps, arranged in time order (chronological order), often with causality relationships among the items. Because of causality, cause precedes effect, or cause and effect may appear together in a single item... | What is another way of phrasing "time order"? | {
"answer_start": [
145
],
"text": [
"chronological order"
]
} |
5728164b2ca10214002d9d9e | Time | Uses of a sequence of events include stories, historical events (chronology), directions and steps in procedures, and timetables for scheduling activities. A sequence of events may also be used to help describe processes in science, technology, and medicine. A sequence of events may be focused on past events (e.g., sto... | Uses of sequences of events include what? | {
"answer_start": [
37
],
"text": [
"stories, historical events (chronology), directions and steps in procedures, and timetables"
]
} |
5728164b2ca10214002d9d9f | Time | Uses of a sequence of events include stories, historical events (chronology), directions and steps in procedures, and timetables for scheduling activities. A sequence of events may also be used to help describe processes in science, technology, and medicine. A sequence of events may be focused on past events (e.g., sto... | What may a sequence of events be used to describe? | {
"answer_start": [
211
],
"text": [
"processes in science, technology, and medicine"
]
} |
5728164b2ca10214002d9da0 | Time | Uses of a sequence of events include stories, historical events (chronology), directions and steps in procedures, and timetables for scheduling activities. A sequence of events may also be used to help describe processes in science, technology, and medicine. A sequence of events may be focused on past events (e.g., sto... | The use of what occurs in fields as diverse as machines, documentaries, or computer simulation? | {
"answer_start": [
590
],
"text": [
"a sequence of events"
]
} |
5728164b2ca10214002d9da1 | Time | Uses of a sequence of events include stories, historical events (chronology), directions and steps in procedures, and timetables for scheduling activities. A sequence of events may also be used to help describe processes in science, technology, and medicine. A sequence of events may be focused on past events (e.g., sto... | What is a specific example of a sequence of events? | {
"answer_start": [
882
],
"text": [
"the timeline of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster"
]
} |
5727f84eff5b5019007d997a | European_Central_Bank | The European Central Bank (ECB) is the central bank for the euro and administers monetary policy of the Eurozone, which consists of 19 EU member states and is one of the largest currency areas in the world. It is one of the world's most important central banks and is one of the seven institutions of the European Union ... | What former managing director od Goldman Sachs international division is president of The European Central Bank? | {
"answer_start": [
619
],
"text": [
"Mario Draghi"
]
} |
5727f84eff5b5019007d997b | European_Central_Bank | The European Central Bank (ECB) is the central bank for the euro and administers monetary policy of the Eurozone, which consists of 19 EU member states and is one of the largest currency areas in the world. It is one of the world's most important central banks and is one of the seven institutions of the European Union ... | What is the official, central bank for the euro? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"The European Central Bank"
]
} |
5727f84eff5b5019007d997c | European_Central_Bank | The European Central Bank (ECB) is the central bank for the euro and administers monetary policy of the Eurozone, which consists of 19 EU member states and is one of the largest currency areas in the world. It is one of the world's most important central banks and is one of the seven institutions of the European Union ... | What is the Eurozone? | {
"answer_start": [
120
],
"text": [
"consists of 19 EU member states and is one of the largest currency areas in the world"
]
} |
5727f84eff5b5019007d997d | European_Central_Bank | The European Central Bank (ECB) is the central bank for the euro and administers monetary policy of the Eurozone, which consists of 19 EU member states and is one of the largest currency areas in the world. It is one of the world's most important central banks and is one of the seven institutions of the European Union ... | Who owns the capital stock of The European Central Bank? | {
"answer_start": [
413
],
"text": [
"the central banks of all 28 EU member states"
]
} |
5727f84eff5b5019007d997e | European_Central_Bank | The European Central Bank (ECB) is the central bank for the euro and administers monetary policy of the Eurozone, which consists of 19 EU member states and is one of the largest currency areas in the world. It is one of the world's most important central banks and is one of the seven institutions of the European Union ... | What established The European Central Bank? | {
"answer_start": [
471
],
"text": [
"The Treaty of Amsterdam"
]
} |
5727fb683acd2414000df16b | European_Central_Bank | The primary objective of the European Central Bank, as mandated in Article 2 of the Statute of the ECB, is to maintain price stability within the Eurozone. The basic tasks, as defined in Article 3 of the Statute, are to define and implement the monetary policy for the Eurozone, to conduct foreign exchange operations, t... | What is the main mission of the ECB? | {
"answer_start": [
110
],
"text": [
"maintain price stability within the Eurozone"
]
} |
5727fb683acd2414000df16c | European_Central_Bank | The primary objective of the European Central Bank, as mandated in Article 2 of the Statute of the ECB, is to maintain price stability within the Eurozone. The basic tasks, as defined in Article 3 of the Statute, are to define and implement the monetary policy for the Eurozone, to conduct foreign exchange operations, t... | What gives the ECB the right to authorise the issuance of euro banknotes? | {
"answer_start": [
618
],
"text": [
"Article 16 of its Statute"
]
} |
5727fb683acd2414000df16d | European_Central_Bank | The primary objective of the European Central Bank, as mandated in Article 2 of the Statute of the ECB, is to maintain price stability within the Eurozone. The basic tasks, as defined in Article 3 of the Statute, are to define and implement the monetary policy for the Eurozone, to conduct foreign exchange operations, t... | How can a member state use euro coins? | {
"answer_start": [
750
],
"text": [
"the amount must be authorised by the ECB beforehand"
]
} |
5727fb683acd2414000df16e | European_Central_Bank | The primary objective of the European Central Bank, as mandated in Article 2 of the Statute of the ECB, is to maintain price stability within the Eurozone. The basic tasks, as defined in Article 3 of the Statute, are to define and implement the monetary policy for the Eurozone, to conduct foreign exchange operations, t... | Where is the mission for the European Central Bank found? | {
"answer_start": [
67
],
"text": [
"Article 2 of the Statute of the ECB"
]
} |
5727fb683acd2414000df16f | European_Central_Bank | The primary objective of the European Central Bank, as mandated in Article 2 of the Statute of the ECB, is to maintain price stability within the Eurozone. The basic tasks, as defined in Article 3 of the Statute, are to define and implement the monetary policy for the Eurozone, to conduct foreign exchange operations, t... | Where can the basic tasks of the European Central Bank be found? | {
"answer_start": [
187
],
"text": [
"Article 3 of the Statute"
]
} |
5727fdf64b864d1900164190 | European_Central_Bank | The first President of the Bank was Wim Duisenberg, the former president of the Dutch central bank and the European Monetary Institute. While Duisenberg had been the head of the EMI (taking over from Alexandre Lamfalussy of Belgium) just before the ECB came into existence, the French government wanted Jean-Claude Trich... | Who was the first president of the ECB? | {
"answer_start": [
36
],
"text": [
"Wim Duisenberg"
]
} |
5727fdf64b864d1900164191 | European_Central_Bank | The first President of the Bank was Wim Duisenberg, the former president of the Dutch central bank and the European Monetary Institute. While Duisenberg had been the head of the EMI (taking over from Alexandre Lamfalussy of Belgium) just before the ECB came into existence, the French government wanted Jean-Claude Trich... | What was Duisenberg's previous business experience? | {
"answer_start": [
56
],
"text": [
"former president of the Dutch central bank and the European Monetary Institute"
]
} |
5727fdf64b864d1900164192 | European_Central_Bank | The first President of the Bank was Wim Duisenberg, the former president of the Dutch central bank and the European Monetary Institute. While Duisenberg had been the head of the EMI (taking over from Alexandre Lamfalussy of Belgium) just before the ECB came into existence, the French government wanted Jean-Claude Trich... | Who did the French government think was best candidate for President of the ECB? | {
"answer_start": [
303
],
"text": [
"Jean-Claude Trichet"
]
} |
5727fdf64b864d1900164193 | European_Central_Bank | The first President of the Bank was Wim Duisenberg, the former president of the Dutch central bank and the European Monetary Institute. While Duisenberg had been the head of the EMI (taking over from Alexandre Lamfalussy of Belgium) just before the ECB came into existence, the French government wanted Jean-Claude Trich... | Why did the French want a French bank president? | {
"answer_start": [
420
],
"text": [
"since the ECB was to be located in Germany, its president should be French"
]
} |
5727fdf64b864d1900164194 | European_Central_Bank | The first President of the Bank was Wim Duisenberg, the former president of the Dutch central bank and the European Monetary Institute. While Duisenberg had been the head of the EMI (taking over from Alexandre Lamfalussy of Belgium) just before the ECB came into existence, the French government wanted Jean-Claude Trich... | What did the French, German, Dutch and Belgian governments finally compromise on with regards to managing the ECB? | {
"answer_start": [
667
],
"text": [
"Duisenberg would stand down before the end of his mandate, to be replaced by Trichet"
]
} |
5727ff303acd2414000df1b3 | European_Central_Bank | The primary objective of the European Central Bank, as laid down in Article 127(1) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, is to maintain price stability within the Eurozone. The Governing Council in October 1998 defined price stability as inflation of under 2%, “a year-on-year increase in the Harmonise... | What is price stability defined as? | {
"answer_start": [
256
],
"text": [
"inflation of under 2%"
]
} |
5727ff303acd2414000df1b4 | European_Central_Bank | The primary objective of the European Central Bank, as laid down in Article 127(1) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, is to maintain price stability within the Eurozone. The Governing Council in October 1998 defined price stability as inflation of under 2%, “a year-on-year increase in the Harmonise... | What did the Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices state that price stability had to be maintained at? | {
"answer_start": [
438
],
"text": [
"over the medium term"
]
} |
5727ff303acd2414000df1b5 | European_Central_Bank | The primary objective of the European Central Bank, as laid down in Article 127(1) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, is to maintain price stability within the Eurozone. The Governing Council in October 1998 defined price stability as inflation of under 2%, “a year-on-year increase in the Harmonise... | When did the Governing Council define price stability? | {
"answer_start": [
216
],
"text": [
"October 1998"
]
} |
5727ff303acd2414000df1b6 | European_Central_Bank | The primary objective of the European Central Bank, as laid down in Article 127(1) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, is to maintain price stability within the Eurozone. The Governing Council in October 1998 defined price stability as inflation of under 2%, “a year-on-year increase in the Harmonise... | What is the primary goal of the ECB? | {
"answer_start": [
145
],
"text": [
"maintain price stability within the Eurozone"
]
} |
5727ff303acd2414000df1b7 | European_Central_Bank | The primary objective of the European Central Bank, as laid down in Article 127(1) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, is to maintain price stability within the Eurozone. The Governing Council in October 1998 defined price stability as inflation of under 2%, “a year-on-year increase in the Harmonise... | Where is the primary mission of the European Central Bank listed? | {
"answer_start": [
68
],
"text": [
"Article 127(1) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union"
]
} |
572800aaff5b5019007d9ab2 | European_Central_Bank | The banks in effect borrow cash and must pay it back; the short durations allow interest rates to be adjusted continually. When the repo notes come due the participating banks bid again. An increase in the quantity of notes offered at auction allows an increase in liquidity in the economy. A decrease has the contrary e... | What happens when a lot of repo notes come due? | {
"answer_start": [
253
],
"text": [
"increase in liquidity in the economy"
]
} |
572800aaff5b5019007d9ab3 | European_Central_Bank | The banks in effect borrow cash and must pay it back; the short durations allow interest rates to be adjusted continually. When the repo notes come due the participating banks bid again. An increase in the quantity of notes offered at auction allows an increase in liquidity in the economy. A decrease has the contrary e... | What happens whe not as many repo notes are coming due? | {
"answer_start": [
310
],
"text": [
"contrary effect"
]
} |
572800aaff5b5019007d9ab4 | European_Central_Bank | The banks in effect borrow cash and must pay it back; the short durations allow interest rates to be adjusted continually. When the repo notes come due the participating banks bid again. An increase in the quantity of notes offered at auction allows an increase in liquidity in the economy. A decrease has the contrary e... | What happens when members increase their deposits? | {
"answer_start": [
648
],
"text": [
"more money has been put into the economy"
]
} |
572800aaff5b5019007d9ab5 | European_Central_Bank | The banks in effect borrow cash and must pay it back; the short durations allow interest rates to be adjusted continually. When the repo notes come due the participating banks bid again. An increase in the quantity of notes offered at auction allows an increase in liquidity in the economy. A decrease has the contrary e... | What is a good way to boost the economy? | {
"answer_start": [
555
],
"text": [
"increase in deposits in member banks"
]
} |
572800aaff5b5019007d9ab6 | European_Central_Bank | The banks in effect borrow cash and must pay it back; the short durations allow interest rates to be adjusted continually. When the repo notes come due the participating banks bid again. An increase in the quantity of notes offered at auction allows an increase in liquidity in the economy. A decrease has the contrary e... | Where are contracts recorded? | {
"answer_start": [
353
],
"text": [
"on the asset side of the European Central Bank's balance sheet"
]
} |
572801dd2ca10214002d9b48 | European_Central_Bank | To qualify for participation in the auctions, banks must be able to offer proof of appropriate collateral in the form of loans to other entities. These can be the public debt of member states, but a fairly wide range of private banking securities are also accepted. The fairly stringent membership requirements for the E... | How does a bank make sure that they can participate in auctions? | {
"answer_start": [
52
],
"text": [
"must be able to offer proof of appropriate collateral in the form of loans to other entities"
]
} |
572801dd2ca10214002d9b49 | European_Central_Bank | To qualify for participation in the auctions, banks must be able to offer proof of appropriate collateral in the form of loans to other entities. These can be the public debt of member states, but a fairly wide range of private banking securities are also accepted. The fairly stringent membership requirements for the E... | What kind of proof is acceptable for participation in auctions? | {
"answer_start": [
163
],
"text": [
"public debt of member states, but a fairly wide range of private banking securities are also accepted"
]
} |
572801dd2ca10214002d9b4a | European_Central_Bank | To qualify for participation in the auctions, banks must be able to offer proof of appropriate collateral in the form of loans to other entities. These can be the public debt of member states, but a fairly wide range of private banking securities are also accepted. The fairly stringent membership requirements for the E... | What should all assets offered up as collateral be? | {
"answer_start": [
533
],
"text": [
"all equally good, and all equally protected from the risk of inflation"
]
} |
572801dd2ca10214002d9b4b | European_Central_Bank | To qualify for participation in the auctions, banks must be able to offer proof of appropriate collateral in the form of loans to other entities. These can be the public debt of member states, but a fairly wide range of private banking securities are also accepted. The fairly stringent membership requirements for the E... | What must be a part of a states Gross Domestic Product in order for them to be considered for particpation in auctions? | {
"answer_start": [
361
],
"text": [
"sovereign debt"
]
} |
572802c6ff5b5019007d9ae4 | European_Central_Bank | The Executive Board is responsible for the implementation of monetary policy (defined by the Governing Council) and the day-to-day running of the bank. It can issue decisions to national central banks and may also exercise powers delegated to it by the Governing Council. It is composed of the President of the Bank (cur... | Who is responsible for overseeing all monetary policy? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"The Executive Board"
]
} |
572802c6ff5b5019007d9ae5 | European_Central_Bank | The Executive Board is responsible for the implementation of monetary policy (defined by the Governing Council) and the day-to-day running of the bank. It can issue decisions to national central banks and may also exercise powers delegated to it by the Governing Council. It is composed of the President of the Bank (cur... | Who is the current president of the ECB? | {
"answer_start": [
327
],
"text": [
"Mario Draghi"
]
} |
572802c6ff5b5019007d9ae6 | European_Central_Bank | The Executive Board is responsible for the implementation of monetary policy (defined by the Governing Council) and the day-to-day running of the bank. It can issue decisions to national central banks and may also exercise powers delegated to it by the Governing Council. It is composed of the President of the Bank (cur... | Who is the Vice-President of The European Central Bank? | {
"answer_start": [
372
],
"text": [
"Vitor Constâncio"
]
} |
572802c6ff5b5019007d9ae7 | European_Central_Bank | The Executive Board is responsible for the implementation of monetary policy (defined by the Governing Council) and the day-to-day running of the bank. It can issue decisions to national central banks and may also exercise powers delegated to it by the Governing Council. It is composed of the President of the Bank (cur... | Along with the President and Vice President, how many other members make up the Executive Board? | {
"answer_start": [
394
],
"text": [
"four"
]
} |
572802c6ff5b5019007d9ae8 | European_Central_Bank | The Executive Board is responsible for the implementation of monetary policy (defined by the Governing Council) and the day-to-day running of the bank. It can issue decisions to national central banks and may also exercise powers delegated to it by the Governing Council. It is composed of the President of the Bank (cur... | For how long are the other members of the Executive Board appointed? | {
"answer_start": [
441
],
"text": [
"non-renewable terms of eight years"
]
} |
572807653acd2414000df29d | European_Central_Bank | José Manuel González-Páramo, a Spanish member of the Executive Board since June 2004, was due to leave the board in early June 2012 and no replacement had been named as of late May 2012. The Spanish had nominated Barcelona-born Antonio Sáinz de Vicuña, an ECB veteran who heads its legal department, as González-Páramo's... | Who did the Spanish want to take José Manuel González-Páramo's seat on the board? | {
"answer_start": [
228
],
"text": [
"Antonio Sáinz de Vicuña"
]
} |
572807653acd2414000df29e | European_Central_Bank | José Manuel González-Páramo, a Spanish member of the Executive Board since June 2004, was due to leave the board in early June 2012 and no replacement had been named as of late May 2012. The Spanish had nominated Barcelona-born Antonio Sáinz de Vicuña, an ECB veteran who heads its legal department, as González-Páramo's... | Who was ulitmately named as González-Páramo's replacement? | {
"answer_start": [
491
],
"text": [
"Luxembourg's Yves Mersch"
]
} |
572807653acd2414000df29f | European_Central_Bank | José Manuel González-Páramo, a Spanish member of the Executive Board since June 2004, was due to leave the board in early June 2012 and no replacement had been named as of late May 2012. The Spanish had nominated Barcelona-born Antonio Sáinz de Vicuña, an ECB veteran who heads its legal department, as González-Páramo's... | When was González-Páramo's supposed to leave his seat on the board? | {
"answer_start": [
122
],
"text": [
"June 2012"
]
} |
572807653acd2414000df2a0 | European_Central_Bank | José Manuel González-Páramo, a Spanish member of the Executive Board since June 2004, was due to leave the board in early June 2012 and no replacement had been named as of late May 2012. The Spanish had nominated Barcelona-born Antonio Sáinz de Vicuña, an ECB veteran who heads its legal department, as González-Páramo's... | When did González-Páramo take his seat on the Executive Board? | {
"answer_start": [
75
],
"text": [
"June 2004"
]
} |
572807653acd2414000df2a1 | European_Central_Bank | José Manuel González-Páramo, a Spanish member of the Executive Board since June 2004, was due to leave the board in early June 2012 and no replacement had been named as of late May 2012. The Spanish had nominated Barcelona-born Antonio Sáinz de Vicuña, an ECB veteran who heads its legal department, as González-Páramo's... | Why did the Spanish think that Vicuña would be a suitable replacement for González-Páramo? | {
"answer_start": [
256
],
"text": [
"ECB veteran who heads its legal department"
]
} |
57280908ff5b5019007d9b7a | European_Central_Bank | The Supervisory Board meets twice a month to discuss, plan and carry out the ECB’s supervisory tasks. It proposes draft decisions to the Governing Council under the non-objection procedure. It is composed of Chair (appointed for a non-renewable term of five years), Vice-Chair (chosen from among the members of the ECB's... | What does the Supervisory Board discuss at it's meetings? | {
"answer_start": [
45
],
"text": [
"discuss, plan and carry out the ECB’s supervisory tasks"
]
} |
57280908ff5b5019007d9b7b | European_Central_Bank | The Supervisory Board meets twice a month to discuss, plan and carry out the ECB’s supervisory tasks. It proposes draft decisions to the Governing Council under the non-objection procedure. It is composed of Chair (appointed for a non-renewable term of five years), Vice-Chair (chosen from among the members of the ECB's... | How long is the term for the Chairman of the Supervisory Board? | {
"answer_start": [
215
],
"text": [
"appointed for a non-renewable term of five years"
]
} |
57280908ff5b5019007d9b7c | European_Central_Bank | The Supervisory Board meets twice a month to discuss, plan and carry out the ECB’s supervisory tasks. It proposes draft decisions to the Governing Council under the non-objection procedure. It is composed of Chair (appointed for a non-renewable term of five years), Vice-Chair (chosen from among the members of the ECB's... | How long is the term for Vice-Chair of the Supervisory Board? | {
"answer_start": [
278
],
"text": [
"chosen from among the members of the ECB's Executive Board"
]
} |
57280908ff5b5019007d9b7d | European_Central_Bank | The Supervisory Board meets twice a month to discuss, plan and carry out the ECB’s supervisory tasks. It proposes draft decisions to the Governing Council under the non-objection procedure. It is composed of Chair (appointed for a non-renewable term of five years), Vice-Chair (chosen from among the members of the ECB's... | Besides the Chair and Vice-Chair, who else is on the Supervisory Board? | {
"answer_start": [
338
],
"text": [
"four ECB representatives and representatives of national supervisors"
]
} |
57280908ff5b5019007d9b7e | European_Central_Bank | The Supervisory Board meets twice a month to discuss, plan and carry out the ECB’s supervisory tasks. It proposes draft decisions to the Governing Council under the non-objection procedure. It is composed of Chair (appointed for a non-renewable term of five years), Vice-Chair (chosen from among the members of the ECB's... | What happens if the national supervisory authority designated by a Member State is not a national central bank? | {
"answer_start": [
513
],
"text": [
"the representative of the competent authority can be accompanied by a representative from their NCB"
]
} |
572809d54b864d19001642b8 | European_Central_Bank | Although the ECB is governed by European law directly and thus not by corporate law applying to private law companies, its set-up resembles that of a corporation in the sense that the ECB has shareholders and stock capital. Its capital is five billion euros which is held by the national central banks of the member stat... | What governs the ECB? | {
"answer_start": [
32
],
"text": [
"European law"
]
} |
572809d54b864d19001642b9 | European_Central_Bank | Although the ECB is governed by European law directly and thus not by corporate law applying to private law companies, its set-up resembles that of a corporation in the sense that the ECB has shareholders and stock capital. Its capital is five billion euros which is held by the national central banks of the member stat... | How does the ECB mimic a corporation? | {
"answer_start": [
192
],
"text": [
"shareholders and stock capital"
]
} |
572809d54b864d19001642ba | European_Central_Bank | Although the ECB is governed by European law directly and thus not by corporate law applying to private law companies, its set-up resembles that of a corporation in the sense that the ECB has shareholders and stock capital. Its capital is five billion euros which is held by the national central banks of the member stat... | How much does the ECB have as capital? | {
"answer_start": [
239
],
"text": [
"five billion euros"
]
} |
572809d54b864d19001642bb | European_Central_Bank | Although the ECB is governed by European law directly and thus not by corporate law applying to private law companies, its set-up resembles that of a corporation in the sense that the ECB has shareholders and stock capital. Its capital is five billion euros which is held by the national central banks of the member stat... | Who holds the ECB's capital? | {
"answer_start": [
275
],
"text": [
"the national central banks of the member states as shareholders"
]
} |
572809d54b864d19001642bc | European_Central_Bank | Although the ECB is governed by European law directly and thus not by corporate law applying to private law companies, its set-up resembles that of a corporation in the sense that the ECB has shareholders and stock capital. Its capital is five billion euros which is held by the national central banks of the member stat... | What determined the ECB's initial capital? | {
"answer_start": [
401
],
"text": [
"the basis of the states' population and GDP"
]
} |
57280b503acd2414000df307 | European_Central_Bank | The internal working language of the ECB is generally English, and press conferences are usually held in English. External communications are handled flexibly: English is preferred (though not exclusively) for communication within the ESCB (i.e. with other central banks) and with financial markets; communication with o... | What language does the ECB generally use? | {
"answer_start": [
54
],
"text": [
"English"
]
} |
57280b503acd2414000df308 | European_Central_Bank | The internal working language of the ECB is generally English, and press conferences are usually held in English. External communications are handled flexibly: English is preferred (though not exclusively) for communication within the ESCB (i.e. with other central banks) and with financial markets; communication with o... | When in communication with other nationalities, what language is generally used? | {
"answer_start": [
365
],
"text": [
"normally in their respective language"
]
} |
57280b503acd2414000df309 | European_Central_Bank | The internal working language of the ECB is generally English, and press conferences are usually held in English. External communications are handled flexibly: English is preferred (though not exclusively) for communication within the ESCB (i.e. with other central banks) and with financial markets; communication with o... | What language is the ECB website run in? | {
"answer_start": [
441
],
"text": [
"English"
]
} |
57280b503acd2414000df30a | European_Central_Bank | The internal working language of the ECB is generally English, and press conferences are usually held in English. External communications are handled flexibly: English is preferred (though not exclusively) for communication within the ESCB (i.e. with other central banks) and with financial markets; communication with o... | How are the languages of official documents handled? | {
"answer_start": [
502
],
"text": [
"the official languages of the EU"
]
} |
5728116c3acd2414000df3a3 | European_Central_Bank | The independence of the ECB is instrumental in maintaining price stability. Not only must the bank not seek influence, but EU institutions and national governments are bound by the treaties to respect the ECB's independence. To offer some accountability, the ECB is bound to publish reports on its activities and has to ... | WHat is the biggest factor in the ECB maintaining price stability? | {
"answer_start": [
4
],
"text": [
"independence"
]
} |
5728116c3acd2414000df3a4 | European_Central_Bank | The independence of the ECB is instrumental in maintaining price stability. Not only must the bank not seek influence, but EU institutions and national governments are bound by the treaties to respect the ECB's independence. To offer some accountability, the ECB is bound to publish reports on its activities and has to ... | Who gets to interview and question prospective board members? | {
"answer_start": [
459
],
"text": [
"The European Parliament"
]
} |
5728116c3acd2414000df3a5 | European_Central_Bank | The independence of the ECB is instrumental in maintaining price stability. Not only must the bank not seek influence, but EU institutions and national governments are bound by the treaties to respect the ECB's independence. To offer some accountability, the ECB is bound to publish reports on its activities and has to ... | Why do EU institutions and national governments have to respect the independence of the ECB? | {
"answer_start": [
168
],
"text": [
"bound by the treaties"
]
} |
5728116c3acd2414000df3a6 | European_Central_Bank | The independence of the ECB is instrumental in maintaining price stability. Not only must the bank not seek influence, but EU institutions and national governments are bound by the treaties to respect the ECB's independence. To offer some accountability, the ECB is bound to publish reports on its activities and has to ... | How is the ECB held accountable for it's actions? | {
"answer_start": [
266
],
"text": [
"bound to publish reports on its activities and has to address its annual report to the European Parliament"
]
} |
572813bf4b864d19001643ea | European_Central_Bank | From late 2009 a handful of mainly southern eurozone member states started being unable to repay their national Euro-denominated government debt or to finance the bail-out of troubled financial sectors under their national supervision without the assistance of third parties. This so-called European debt crisis began af... | When did the European debt Crisis begin? | {
"answer_start": [
10
],
"text": [
"2009"
]
} |
572813bf4b864d19001643eb | European_Central_Bank | From late 2009 a handful of mainly southern eurozone member states started being unable to repay their national Euro-denominated government debt or to finance the bail-out of troubled financial sectors under their national supervision without the assistance of third parties. This so-called European debt crisis began af... | What did the eurozone states that were thought to not be able to repay their debt face as a consequence? | {
"answer_start": [
954
],
"text": [
"the ability of these states to borrow new money to further finance their budget deficits or to refinance existing unsustainable debt levels was strongly reduced"
]
} |
572813bf4b864d19001643ec | European_Central_Bank | From late 2009 a handful of mainly southern eurozone member states started being unable to repay their national Euro-denominated government debt or to finance the bail-out of troubled financial sectors under their national supervision without the assistance of third parties. This so-called European debt crisis began af... | Which country was the first to be at risk for soverign default? | {
"answer_start": [
324
],
"text": [
"Greece"
]
} |
572813bf4b864d19001643ed | European_Central_Bank | From late 2009 a handful of mainly southern eurozone member states started being unable to repay their national Euro-denominated government debt or to finance the bail-out of troubled financial sectors under their national supervision without the assistance of third parties. This so-called European debt crisis began af... | Who brought Greece's financial crisis to the forefront? | {
"answer_start": [
333
],
"text": [
"new elected government"
]
} |
572813bf4b864d19001643ee | European_Central_Bank | From late 2009 a handful of mainly southern eurozone member states started being unable to repay their national Euro-denominated government debt or to finance the bail-out of troubled financial sectors under their national supervision without the assistance of third parties. This so-called European debt crisis began af... | What had Greece's previous government been hiding? | {
"answer_start": [
372
],
"text": [
"its true indebtedness and budget deficit"
]
} |
572815b63acd2414000df423 | European_Central_Bank | There is also a widespread view[vague][who?] that giving much more financial support to continuously cover the debt crisis or allow even higher budget deficits or debt levels would discourage the crisis states to implement necessary reforms to regain their competitiveness.[citation needed] There has also been a relucta... | Which countries didn't want to go around the bail-out clause and have to shoulder the burden of backing the defaulters debts. | {
"answer_start": [
344
],
"text": [
"financially stable eurozone states like Germany"
]
} |
572815b63acd2414000df424 | European_Central_Bank | There is also a widespread view[vague][who?] that giving much more financial support to continuously cover the debt crisis or allow even higher budget deficits or debt levels would discourage the crisis states to implement necessary reforms to regain their competitiveness.[citation needed] There has also been a relucta... | What do most see raising the debt celing as doing? | {
"answer_start": [
181
],
"text": [
"discourage the crisis states to implement necessary reforms to regain their competitiveness"
]
} |
572815b63acd2414000df425 | European_Central_Bank | There is also a widespread view[vague][who?] that giving much more financial support to continuously cover the debt crisis or allow even higher budget deficits or debt levels would discourage the crisis states to implement necessary reforms to regain their competitiveness.[citation needed] There has also been a relucta... | What could keep the crisis states from trying to stand on their own? | {
"answer_start": [
50
],
"text": [
"giving much more financial support to continuously cover the debt crisis or allow even higher budget deficits or debt levels"
]
} |
572816d2ff5b5019007d9cee | European_Central_Bank | This has led to public discussions if Greece, Portugal, and even Italy would be better off leaving the eurozone to regain economical and financial stability if they would not implement reforms to strengthen their competitiveness as part of the eurozone in time. Greece had the greatest need for reforms but also most pro... | What term was coined when Greece left the eurozone? | {
"answer_start": [
378
],
"text": [
"Grexit"
]
} |
572816d2ff5b5019007d9cef | European_Central_Bank | This has led to public discussions if Greece, Portugal, and even Italy would be better off leaving the eurozone to regain economical and financial stability if they would not implement reforms to strengthen their competitiveness as part of the eurozone in time. Greece had the greatest need for reforms but also most pro... | What is Germany's position on wether or not Greece should be in the eurozone? | {
"answer_start": [
640
],
"text": [
"If the worst comes to the worst, priority should be given to the euro's stability."
]
} |
572816d2ff5b5019007d9cf0 | European_Central_Bank | This has led to public discussions if Greece, Portugal, and even Italy would be better off leaving the eurozone to regain economical and financial stability if they would not implement reforms to strengthen their competitiveness as part of the eurozone in time. Greece had the greatest need for reforms but also most pro... | As one of the financial powers, has Germany ever tried to force the crisis states into leaving the eurozone? | {
"answer_start": [
539
],
"text": [
"never pushed those exits"
]
} |
572816d2ff5b5019007d9cf1 | European_Central_Bank | This has led to public discussions if Greece, Portugal, and even Italy would be better off leaving the eurozone to regain economical and financial stability if they would not implement reforms to strengthen their competitiveness as part of the eurozone in time. Greece had the greatest need for reforms but also most pro... | Which eurozone country has the biggest need for financial reform? | {
"answer_start": [
262
],
"text": [
"Greece"
]
} |
572819132ca10214002d9dc4 | European_Central_Bank | However, if the debt rescheduling causes losses on loans held by European banks, it weakens the private banking system, which then puts pressure on the central bank to come to the aid of those banks. Private-sector bond holders are an integral part of the public and private banking system. Another possible response is ... | What would cause the private banking system to weaken? | {
"answer_start": [
9
],
"text": [
"if the debt rescheduling causes losses on loans held by European banks"
]
} |
572819132ca10214002d9dc5 | European_Central_Bank | However, if the debt rescheduling causes losses on loans held by European banks, it weakens the private banking system, which then puts pressure on the central bank to come to the aid of those banks. Private-sector bond holders are an integral part of the public and private banking system. Another possible response is ... | Who purchases the debt of countries that cannot repay and are in danger of default? | {
"answer_start": [
324
],
"text": [
"wealthy member countries"
]
} |
572819132ca10214002d9dc6 | European_Central_Bank | However, if the debt rescheduling causes losses on loans held by European banks, it weakens the private banking system, which then puts pressure on the central bank to come to the aid of those banks. Private-sector bond holders are an integral part of the public and private banking system. Another possible response is ... | What happens when the private banking system is weakened? | {
"answer_start": [
136
],
"text": [
"pressure on the central bank to come to the aid of those banks"
]
} |
572819132ca10214002d9dc7 | European_Central_Bank | However, if the debt rescheduling causes losses on loans held by European banks, it weakens the private banking system, which then puts pressure on the central bank to come to the aid of those banks. Private-sector bond holders are an integral part of the public and private banking system. Another possible response is ... | What is to be used to guarantee the debtors repayment, by the banks assuming their debt? | {
"answer_start": [
477
],
"text": [
"tax revenues and credit of the wealthy member countries"
]
} |
572819132ca10214002d9dc8 | European_Central_Bank | However, if the debt rescheduling causes losses on loans held by European banks, it weakens the private banking system, which then puts pressure on the central bank to come to the aid of those banks. Private-sector bond holders are an integral part of the public and private banking system. Another possible response is ... | Is using the tax revenues and credit of the more stable banks to bail out the ones in danger of default an accepted practice? | {
"answer_start": [
613
],
"text": [
"is politically controversial"
]
} |
57281a83ff5b5019007d9d54 | European_Central_Bank | In contrast to the Fed, the ECB normally does not buy bonds outright. The normal procedure used by the ECB for manipulating the money supply has been via the so-called refinancing facilities. In these facilities, bonds are not purchased but used in reverse transactions: repurchase agreements, or collateralised loans. T... | Who retains ownership of the collateral until the debt is paid? | {
"answer_start": [
499
],
"text": [
"ECB"
]
} |
57281a83ff5b5019007d9d55 | European_Central_Bank | In contrast to the Fed, the ECB normally does not buy bonds outright. The normal procedure used by the ECB for manipulating the money supply has been via the so-called refinancing facilities. In these facilities, bonds are not purchased but used in reverse transactions: repurchase agreements, or collateralised loans. T... | Since the ECB doesn't buy bonds outright, how are they used? | {
"answer_start": [
168
],
"text": [
"refinancing facilities"
]
} |
57281a83ff5b5019007d9d56 | European_Central_Bank | In contrast to the Fed, the ECB normally does not buy bonds outright. The normal procedure used by the ECB for manipulating the money supply has been via the so-called refinancing facilities. In these facilities, bonds are not purchased but used in reverse transactions: repurchase agreements, or collateralised loans. T... | What is the manner in which bonds are used at refinancing facilities? | {
"answer_start": [
271
],
"text": [
"repurchase agreements, or collateralised loans"
]
} |
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