id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 442
values | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 270 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
572f3522a23a5019007fc4e3 | Modern_history | The Franco-Prussian War was a conflict between France and Prussia, while Prussia was backed up by the North German Confederation, of which it was a member, and the South German states of Baden, Württemberg and Bavaria. The complete Prussian and German victory brought about the final unification of Germany under King Wi... | What countries were involved in the Franco-Russian war? | {
"answer_start": [
47
],
"text": [
"France and Prussia"
]
} |
572f3522a23a5019007fc4e5 | Modern_history | The Franco-Prussian War was a conflict between France and Prussia, while Prussia was backed up by the North German Confederation, of which it was a member, and the South German states of Baden, Württemberg and Bavaria. The complete Prussian and German victory brought about the final unification of Germany under King Wi... | What did the Prussian and German victory mark? | {
"answer_start": [
278
],
"text": [
"final unification of Germany under King Wilhelm I of Prussia."
]
} |
572f3522a23a5019007fc4e4 | Modern_history | The Franco-Prussian War was a conflict between France and Prussia, while Prussia was backed up by the North German Confederation, of which it was a member, and the South German states of Baden, Württemberg and Bavaria. The complete Prussian and German victory brought about the final unification of Germany under King Wi... | Name one of the groups who backed Prussia in the Franco-Russian war? | {
"answer_start": [
102
],
"text": [
"North German Confederation"
]
} |
572f3522a23a5019007fc4e6 | Modern_history | The Franco-Prussian War was a conflict between France and Prussia, while Prussia was backed up by the North German Confederation, of which it was a member, and the South German states of Baden, Württemberg and Bavaria. The complete Prussian and German victory brought about the final unification of Germany under King Wi... | Prussia claimed almost all of what territory? | {
"answer_start": [
525
],
"text": [
"Alsace-Lorraine"
]
} |
572f3522a23a5019007fc4e7 | Modern_history | The Franco-Prussian War was a conflict between France and Prussia, while Prussia was backed up by the North German Confederation, of which it was a member, and the South German states of Baden, Württemberg and Bavaria. The complete Prussian and German victory brought about the final unification of Germany under King Wi... | Prussia retained most of Alsace-Lorraine up until what event? | {
"answer_start": [
630
],
"text": [
"World War I."
]
} |
572f3766b2c2fd1400567f8b | Modern_history | The major European powers laid claim to the areas of Africa where they could exhibit a sphere of influence over the area. These claims did not have to have any substantial land holdings or treaties to be legitimate. The European power that demonstrated its control over a territory accepted the mandate to rule that regi... | Why did European powers lay claim to areas Africa? | {
"answer_start": [
77
],
"text": [
"exhibit a sphere of influence over the area"
]
} |
572f3766b2c2fd1400567f8c | Modern_history | The major European powers laid claim to the areas of Africa where they could exhibit a sphere of influence over the area. These claims did not have to have any substantial land holdings or treaties to be legitimate. The European power that demonstrated its control over a territory accepted the mandate to rule that regi... | What did the European powers need to make their claim over these areas legitimate? | {
"answer_start": [
122
],
"text": [
"These claims did not have to have any substantial land holdings or treaties to be legitimate."
]
} |
572f3766b2c2fd1400567f8d | Modern_history | The major European powers laid claim to the areas of Africa where they could exhibit a sphere of influence over the area. These claims did not have to have any substantial land holdings or treaties to be legitimate. The European power that demonstrated its control over a territory accepted the mandate to rule that regi... | What do European powers that exibit their control ovet an area accept? | {
"answer_start": [
295
],
"text": [
"mandate to rule that region as a national colony."
]
} |
572f3766b2c2fd1400567f8f | Modern_history | The major European powers laid claim to the areas of Africa where they could exhibit a sphere of influence over the area. These claims did not have to have any substantial land holdings or treaties to be legitimate. The European power that demonstrated its control over a territory accepted the mandate to rule that regi... | What was the colonial experience for Africans described as? | {
"answer_start": [
1011
],
"text": [
"hell on earth."
]
} |
572f3766b2c2fd1400567f8e | Modern_history | The major European powers laid claim to the areas of Africa where they could exhibit a sphere of influence over the area. These claims did not have to have any substantial land holdings or treaties to be legitimate. The European power that demonstrated its control over a territory accepted the mandate to rule that regi... | How did the claims on the areas in Africa benefit the European powers? | {
"answer_start": [
420
],
"text": [
"colony’s commercial interests without having to fear rival European competition."
]
} |
572f394ba23a5019007fc4ed | Modern_history | At the time of the Berlin Conference, Africa contained one-fifth of the world’s population living in one-quarter of the world’s land area. However, from Europe's perspective, they were dividing an unknown continent. European countries established a few coastal colonies in Africa by the mid-nineteenth century, which inc... | What percent of the worlds population did Africa posses at the Berlin Conference? | {
"answer_start": [
55
],
"text": [
"one-fifth"
]
} |
572f394ba23a5019007fc4ee | Modern_history | At the time of the Berlin Conference, Africa contained one-fifth of the world’s population living in one-quarter of the world’s land area. However, from Europe's perspective, they were dividing an unknown continent. European countries established a few coastal colonies in Africa by the mid-nineteenth century, which inc... | What was Europe's perspective o Africa containing one-fifth of the worlds population? | {
"answer_start": [
175
],
"text": [
"they were dividing an unknown continent."
]
} |
572f394ba23a5019007fc4ef | Modern_history | At the time of the Berlin Conference, Africa contained one-fifth of the world’s population living in one-quarter of the world’s land area. However, from Europe's perspective, they were dividing an unknown continent. European countries established a few coastal colonies in Africa by the mid-nineteenth century, which inc... | When did European countries establish colonies in Africa? | {
"answer_start": [
283
],
"text": [
"the mid-nineteenth century,"
]
} |
572f394ba23a5019007fc4f0 | Modern_history | At the time of the Berlin Conference, Africa contained one-fifth of the world’s population living in one-quarter of the world’s land area. However, from Europe's perspective, they were dividing an unknown continent. European countries established a few coastal colonies in Africa by the mid-nineteenth century, which inc... | Europe did not feel the need to posses territory in Africa until? | {
"answer_start": [
544
],
"text": [
"1880s"
]
} |
572f394ba23a5019007fc4f1 | Modern_history | At the time of the Berlin Conference, Africa contained one-fifth of the world’s population living in one-quarter of the world’s land area. However, from Europe's perspective, they were dividing an unknown continent. European countries established a few coastal colonies in Africa by the mid-nineteenth century, which inc... | How did maps show Africa Before 1880? | {
"answer_start": [
621
],
"text": [
"generally showing blank spaces for the continent’s interior."
]
} |
572f3b98b2c2fd1400567f95 | Modern_history | From the 1880s to 1914, the European powers expanded their control across the African continent, competing with each other for Africa’s land and resources. Great Britain controlled various colonial holdings in East Africa that spanned the length of the African continent from Egypt in the north to South Africa. The Fren... | Through what period did European powers expand control in Africa? | {
"answer_start": [
9
],
"text": [
"1880s to 1914"
]
} |
572f3b98b2c2fd1400567f96 | Modern_history | From the 1880s to 1914, the European powers expanded their control across the African continent, competing with each other for Africa’s land and resources. Great Britain controlled various colonial holdings in East Africa that spanned the length of the African continent from Egypt in the north to South Africa. The Fren... | What was Europe competing for? | {
"answer_start": [
127
],
"text": [
"Africa’s land and resources."
]
} |
572f3b98b2c2fd1400567f97 | Modern_history | From the 1880s to 1914, the European powers expanded their control across the African continent, competing with each other for Africa’s land and resources. Great Britain controlled various colonial holdings in East Africa that spanned the length of the African continent from Egypt in the north to South Africa. The Fren... | What did Great Britain control? | {
"answer_start": [
181
],
"text": [
"various colonial holdings in East Africa"
]
} |
572f3b98b2c2fd1400567f98 | Modern_history | From the 1880s to 1914, the European powers expanded their control across the African continent, competing with each other for Africa’s land and resources. Great Britain controlled various colonial holdings in East Africa that spanned the length of the African continent from Egypt in the north to South Africa. The Fren... | Where in Africa did the French have control? | {
"answer_start": [
346
],
"text": [
"West Africa"
]
} |
572f3b98b2c2fd1400567f99 | Modern_history | From the 1880s to 1914, the European powers expanded their control across the African continent, competing with each other for Africa’s land and resources. Great Britain controlled various colonial holdings in East Africa that spanned the length of the African continent from Egypt in the north to South Africa. The Fren... | Where in Africa did Portuguese have control? | {
"answer_start": [
395
],
"text": [
"southern Africa"
]
} |
572f3d1f04bcaa1900d767b1 | Modern_history | Around the end of the 19th century and into the 20th century, the Meiji era was marked by the reign of the Meiji Emperor. During this time, Japan started its modernization and rose to world power status. This era name means "Enlightened Rule". In Japan, the Meiji Restoration started in the 1860s, marking the rapid mode... | What was the Meija era marked by? | {
"answer_start": [
90
],
"text": [
"the reign of the Meiji Emperor"
]
} |
572f3d1f04bcaa1900d767b2 | Modern_history | Around the end of the 19th century and into the 20th century, the Meiji era was marked by the reign of the Meiji Emperor. During this time, Japan started its modernization and rose to world power status. This era name means "Enlightened Rule". In Japan, the Meiji Restoration started in the 1860s, marking the rapid mode... | How did Japan rise to be a world power during the Meja era? | {
"answer_start": [
158
],
"text": [
"modernization"
]
} |
572f3d1f04bcaa1900d767b4 | Modern_history | Around the end of the 19th century and into the 20th century, the Meiji era was marked by the reign of the Meiji Emperor. During this time, Japan started its modernization and rose to world power status. This era name means "Enlightened Rule". In Japan, the Meiji Restoration started in the 1860s, marking the rapid mode... | When did the Meija restoration begin? | {
"answer_start": [
291
],
"text": [
"1860s"
]
} |
572f3d1f04bcaa1900d767b3 | Modern_history | Around the end of the 19th century and into the 20th century, the Meiji era was marked by the reign of the Meiji Emperor. During this time, Japan started its modernization and rose to world power status. This era name means "Enlightened Rule". In Japan, the Meiji Restoration started in the 1860s, marking the rapid mode... | What does "Meija era" | {
"answer_start": [
225
],
"text": [
"Enlightened Rule"
]
} |
572f3d1f04bcaa1900d767b5 | Modern_history | Around the end of the 19th century and into the 20th century, the Meiji era was marked by the reign of the Meiji Emperor. During this time, Japan started its modernization and rose to world power status. This era name means "Enlightened Rule". In Japan, the Meiji Restoration started in the 1860s, marking the rapid mode... | What did Irokawa Daikichi act out against? | {
"answer_start": [
573
],
"text": [
"bureaucratic superstate"
]
} |
572f3f15947a6a140053c80c | Modern_history | Laws were instituted that required every able-bodied male Japanese citizen, regardless of class, to serve a mandatory term of three years with the first reserves and two additional years with the second reserves. This action, the deathblow for the samurai warriors and their daimyo feudal lords, initially met resistance... | Laws mandated that every able bodies Japanese citizen do what? | {
"answer_start": [
100
],
"text": [
"serve a mandatory term of three years with the first reserves and two additional years with the second reserves."
]
} |
572f3f15947a6a140053c80d | Modern_history | Laws were instituted that required every able-bodied male Japanese citizen, regardless of class, to serve a mandatory term of three years with the first reserves and two additional years with the second reserves. This action, the deathblow for the samurai warriors and their daimyo feudal lords, initially met resistance... | Who initially rejected the Japanese laws mandating military service? | {
"answer_start": [
335
],
"text": [
"peasant and warrior alike."
]
} |
572f3f15947a6a140053c80f | Modern_history | Laws were instituted that required every able-bodied male Japanese citizen, regardless of class, to serve a mandatory term of three years with the first reserves and two additional years with the second reserves. This action, the deathblow for the samurai warriors and their daimyo feudal lords, initially met resistance... | Who did the Japanese form their military forces after? | {
"answer_start": [
581
],
"text": [
"French military"
]
} |
572f3f15947a6a140053c80e | Modern_history | Laws were instituted that required every able-bodied male Japanese citizen, regardless of class, to serve a mandatory term of three years with the first reserves and two additional years with the second reserves. This action, the deathblow for the samurai warriors and their daimyo feudal lords, initially met resistance... | What did the peasant class name the mandatory military service law? | {
"answer_start": [
423
],
"text": [
"ketsu-eki"
]
} |
572f3f15947a6a140053c810 | Modern_history | Laws were instituted that required every able-bodied male Japanese citizen, regardless of class, to serve a mandatory term of three years with the first reserves and two additional years with the second reserves. This action, the deathblow for the samurai warriors and their daimyo feudal lords, initially met resistance... | Where was the military academy located? | {
"answer_start": [
724
],
"text": [
"Kyoto"
]
} |
572f403e04bcaa1900d767d7 | Modern_history | The Antebellum Age was a period of increasing division in the country based on the growth of slavery in the American South and in the western territories of Kansas and Nebraska that eventually lead to the Civil War in 1861. The Antebellum Period is often considered to have begun with the Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854,[ci... | What is the antebellum age? | {
"answer_start": [
23
],
"text": [
"a period of increasing division in the country based on the growth of slavery"
]
} |
572f403e04bcaa1900d767d8 | Modern_history | The Antebellum Age was a period of increasing division in the country based on the growth of slavery in the American South and in the western territories of Kansas and Nebraska that eventually lead to the Civil War in 1861. The Antebellum Period is often considered to have begun with the Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854,[ci... | When did the civil was begin? | {
"answer_start": [
218
],
"text": [
"1861"
]
} |
572f403e04bcaa1900d767d9 | Modern_history | The Antebellum Age was a period of increasing division in the country based on the growth of slavery in the American South and in the western territories of Kansas and Nebraska that eventually lead to the Civil War in 1861. The Antebellum Period is often considered to have begun with the Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854,[ci... | When was the Antebellum age considered to have begun? | {
"answer_start": [
280
],
"text": [
"with the Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854"
]
} |
572f403e04bcaa1900d767da | Modern_history | The Antebellum Age was a period of increasing division in the country based on the growth of slavery in the American South and in the western territories of Kansas and Nebraska that eventually lead to the Civil War in 1861. The Antebellum Period is often considered to have begun with the Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854,[ci... | What did The Antebellum age mark? | {
"answer_start": [
430
],
"text": [
"the transition of American manufacturing to the industrial revolution."
]
} |
572f427604bcaa1900d767f1 | Modern_history | Northern leaders agreed that victory would require more than the end of fighting. Secession and Confederate nationalism had to be totally repudiated and all forms of slavery or quasi-slavery had to be eliminated. Lincoln proved effective in mobilizing support for the war goals, raising large armies and supplying them, ... | What did northern leaders agree on about slavery? | {
"answer_start": [
153
],
"text": [
"all forms of slavery or quasi-slavery had to be eliminated."
]
} |
572f427604bcaa1900d767f2 | Modern_history | Northern leaders agreed that victory would require more than the end of fighting. Secession and Confederate nationalism had to be totally repudiated and all forms of slavery or quasi-slavery had to be eliminated. Lincoln proved effective in mobilizing support for the war goals, raising large armies and supplying them, ... | What did Lincoln do well in the war? | {
"answer_start": [
241
],
"text": [
"mobilizing support for the war goals"
]
} |
572f427604bcaa1900d767f3 | Modern_history | Northern leaders agreed that victory would require more than the end of fighting. Secession and Confederate nationalism had to be totally repudiated and all forms of slavery or quasi-slavery had to be eliminated. Lincoln proved effective in mobilizing support for the war goals, raising large armies and supplying them, ... | Why couldn't the confederacy defend their ports? | {
"answer_start": [
393
],
"text": [
"The Confederacy had a larger area than it could defend"
]
} |
572f427604bcaa1900d767f5 | Modern_history | Northern leaders agreed that victory would require more than the end of fighting. Secession and Confederate nationalism had to be totally repudiated and all forms of slavery or quasi-slavery had to be eliminated. Lincoln proved effective in mobilizing support for the war goals, raising large armies and supplying them, ... | General Robert E. Lee controlled what sect of the confederacy? | {
"answer_start": [
629
],
"text": [
"the East"
]
} |
572f427604bcaa1900d767f4 | Modern_history | Northern leaders agreed that victory would require more than the end of fighting. Secession and Confederate nationalism had to be totally repudiated and all forms of slavery or quasi-slavery had to be eliminated. Lincoln proved effective in mobilizing support for the war goals, raising large armies and supplying them, ... | The south could barely do what for their souldiers? | {
"answer_start": [
565
],
"text": [
"feed and clothe"
]
} |
572f4433b2c2fd1400567fa9 | Modern_history | During the Gilded Age, there was substantial growth in population in the United States and extravagant displays of wealth and excess of America's upper-class during the post-Civil War and post-Reconstruction era, in the late 19th century. The wealth polarization derived primarily from industrial and population expansio... | What happened in the Glided Age/ | {
"answer_start": [
91
],
"text": [
"extravagant displays of wealth and excess of America's upper-class"
]
} |
572f4433b2c2fd1400567faa | Modern_history | During the Gilded Age, there was substantial growth in population in the United States and extravagant displays of wealth and excess of America's upper-class during the post-Civil War and post-Reconstruction era, in the late 19th century. The wealth polarization derived primarily from industrial and population expansio... | In what time period did the Glided Age occur? | {
"answer_start": [
220
],
"text": [
"late 19th century"
]
} |
572f4433b2c2fd1400567fab | Modern_history | During the Gilded Age, there was substantial growth in population in the United States and extravagant displays of wealth and excess of America's upper-class during the post-Civil War and post-Reconstruction era, in the late 19th century. The wealth polarization derived primarily from industrial and population expansio... | Where did the wealth of the Glided Age come form? | {
"answer_start": [
286
],
"text": [
"industrial and population expansion."
]
} |
572f4433b2c2fd1400567fac | Modern_history | During the Gilded Age, there was substantial growth in population in the United States and extravagant displays of wealth and excess of America's upper-class during the post-Civil War and post-Reconstruction era, in the late 19th century. The wealth polarization derived primarily from industrial and population expansio... | What did Financiers refer to rich industrialist as? | {
"answer_start": [
625
],
"text": [
"robber barons"
]
} |
572f4433b2c2fd1400567fad | Modern_history | During the Gilded Age, there was substantial growth in population in the United States and extravagant displays of wealth and excess of America's upper-class during the post-Civil War and post-Reconstruction era, in the late 19th century. The wealth polarization derived primarily from industrial and population expansio... | What type of practices did John D. Rockefeller exhibit in the oil industry? | {
"answer_start": [
765
],
"text": [
"effective tactics and aggressive practices"
]
} |
572f466bb2c2fd1400567fbd | Modern_history | The creation of a modern industrial economy took place. With the creation of a transportation and communication infrastructure, the corporation became the dominant form of business organization and a managerial revolution transformed business operations. In 1890, Congress passed the Sherman Antitrust Act—the source of ... | What creations brought in the modern industrial economy? | {
"answer_start": [
79
],
"text": [
"transportation and communication infrastructure"
]
} |
572f466bb2c2fd1400567fbe | Modern_history | The creation of a modern industrial economy took place. With the creation of a transportation and communication infrastructure, the corporation became the dominant form of business organization and a managerial revolution transformed business operations. In 1890, Congress passed the Sherman Antitrust Act—the source of ... | What became the dominant form of business organization? | {
"answer_start": [
128
],
"text": [
"the corporation"
]
} |
572f466bb2c2fd1400567fbf | Modern_history | The creation of a modern industrial economy took place. With the creation of a transportation and communication infrastructure, the corporation became the dominant form of business organization and a managerial revolution transformed business operations. In 1890, Congress passed the Sherman Antitrust Act—the source of ... | What transformed business organization in 1890? | {
"answer_start": [
200
],
"text": [
"managerial revolution"
]
} |
572f466bb2c2fd1400567fc0 | Modern_history | The creation of a modern industrial economy took place. With the creation of a transportation and communication infrastructure, the corporation became the dominant form of business organization and a managerial revolution transformed business operations. In 1890, Congress passed the Sherman Antitrust Act—the source of ... | The Sherman Antitrust Act is the source of what? | {
"answer_start": [
320
],
"text": [
"all American anti-monopoly laws."
]
} |
572f466bb2c2fd1400567fc1 | Modern_history | The creation of a modern industrial economy took place. With the creation of a transportation and communication infrastructure, the corporation became the dominant form of business organization and a managerial revolution transformed business operations. In 1890, Congress passed the Sherman Antitrust Act—the source of ... | What was he Standard Oil Group determined to be by the courts? | {
"answer_start": [
884
],
"text": [
"an \"unreasonable\" monopoly"
]
} |
572f47a7a23a5019007fc4f7 | Modern_history | Replacing the classical physics in use since the end of the scientific revolution, modern physics arose in the early 20th century with the advent of quantum physics, substituting mathematical studies for experimental studies and examining equations to build a theoretical structure.[citation needed] The old quantum theo... | When did modern physics arise? | {
"answer_start": [
111
],
"text": [
"early 20th century"
]
} |
572f47a7a23a5019007fc4f8 | Modern_history | Replacing the classical physics in use since the end of the scientific revolution, modern physics arose in the early 20th century with the advent of quantum physics, substituting mathematical studies for experimental studies and examining equations to build a theoretical structure.[citation needed] The old quantum theo... | What is the old Quantum theory? | {
"answer_start": [
327
],
"text": [
"a collection of results which predate modern quantum mechanics, but were never complete or self-consistent."
]
} |
572f47a7a23a5019007fc4f9 | Modern_history | Replacing the classical physics in use since the end of the scientific revolution, modern physics arose in the early 20th century with the advent of quantum physics, substituting mathematical studies for experimental studies and examining equations to build a theoretical structure.[citation needed] The old quantum theo... | The "fifth element" was disproved by what? | {
"answer_start": [
726
],
"text": [
"Michelson-Morley experiment"
]
} |
572f47a7a23a5019007fc4fa | Modern_history | Replacing the classical physics in use since the end of the scientific revolution, modern physics arose in the early 20th century with the advent of quantum physics, substituting mathematical studies for experimental studies and examining equations to build a theoretical structure.[citation needed] The old quantum theo... | What is the Michelson-Morley experiment? | {
"answer_start": [
754
],
"text": [
"an attempt to detect the motion of earth through the aether"
]
} |
572f47a7a23a5019007fc4fb | Modern_history | Replacing the classical physics in use since the end of the scientific revolution, modern physics arose in the early 20th century with the advent of quantum physics, substituting mathematical studies for experimental studies and examining equations to build a theoretical structure.[citation needed] The old quantum theo... | What does Darwinism promote? | {
"answer_start": [
895
],
"text": [
"the theory of natural selection."
]
} |
572f494104bcaa1900d7680d | Modern_history | The assertions of Chinese philosophy began to integrate concepts of Western philosophy, as steps toward modernization. By the time of the Xinhai Revolution in 1911, there were many calls, such as the May Fourth Movement, to completely abolish the old imperial institutions and practices of China. There were attempts to ... | Why did Chinese philosophy begin to mix with western concepts? | {
"answer_start": [
88
],
"text": [
"as steps toward modernization"
]
} |
572f494104bcaa1900d7680e | Modern_history | The assertions of Chinese philosophy began to integrate concepts of Western philosophy, as steps toward modernization. By the time of the Xinhai Revolution in 1911, there were many calls, such as the May Fourth Movement, to completely abolish the old imperial institutions and practices of China. There were attempts to ... | When did the Xinhai Revolution begin? | {
"answer_start": [
159
],
"text": [
"1911"
]
} |
572f494104bcaa1900d7680f | Modern_history | The assertions of Chinese philosophy began to integrate concepts of Western philosophy, as steps toward modernization. By the time of the Xinhai Revolution in 1911, there were many calls, such as the May Fourth Movement, to completely abolish the old imperial institutions and practices of China. There were attempts to ... | What is the May Forth Movement? | {
"answer_start": [
221
],
"text": [
"to completely abolish the old imperial institutions and practices of China"
]
} |
572f494104bcaa1900d76810 | Modern_history | The assertions of Chinese philosophy began to integrate concepts of Western philosophy, as steps toward modernization. By the time of the Xinhai Revolution in 1911, there were many calls, such as the May Fourth Movement, to completely abolish the old imperial institutions and practices of China. There were attempts to ... | What did Marxist-Leninst add to Chinese philosophy? | {
"answer_start": [
541
],
"text": [
"Marxist-Leninist thought"
]
} |
572f494104bcaa1900d76811 | Modern_history | The assertions of Chinese philosophy began to integrate concepts of Western philosophy, as steps toward modernization. By the time of the Xinhai Revolution in 1911, there were many calls, such as the May Fourth Movement, to completely abolish the old imperial institutions and practices of China. There were attempts to ... | During what event was Legalism abolished? | {
"answer_start": [
732
],
"text": [
"the Cultural Revolution"
]
} |
572f4dbdb2c2fd1400567ff7 | Modern_history | Starting one-hundred years before the 20th century, the enlightenment spiritual philosophy was challenged in various quarters around the 1900s. Developed from earlier secular traditions, modern Humanist ethical philosophies affirmed the dignity and worth of all people, based on the ability to determine right and wrong ... | When was the enlightenment of spiritual philosophy challenged? | {
"answer_start": [
106
],
"text": [
"in various quarters around the 1900s."
]
} |
572f4dbdb2c2fd1400567ff8 | Modern_history | Starting one-hundred years before the 20th century, the enlightenment spiritual philosophy was challenged in various quarters around the 1900s. Developed from earlier secular traditions, modern Humanist ethical philosophies affirmed the dignity and worth of all people, based on the ability to determine right and wrong ... | What were Humanist ethical philosophy's developed from? | {
"answer_start": [
159
],
"text": [
"earlier secular traditions"
]
} |
572f4dbdb2c2fd1400567ff9 | Modern_history | Starting one-hundred years before the 20th century, the enlightenment spiritual philosophy was challenged in various quarters around the 1900s. Developed from earlier secular traditions, modern Humanist ethical philosophies affirmed the dignity and worth of all people, based on the ability to determine right and wrong ... | Why did Kari Marx criticize Humanist Philosophy's? | {
"answer_start": [
789
],
"text": [
"it to be symptomatic of the very dehumanization it was supposed to oppose"
]
} |
572f4dbdb2c2fd1400567ffa | Modern_history | Starting one-hundred years before the 20th century, the enlightenment spiritual philosophy was challenged in various quarters around the 1900s. Developed from earlier secular traditions, modern Humanist ethical philosophies affirmed the dignity and worth of all people, based on the ability to determine right and wrong ... | What did Friedrinch Netzsche consider Humanism to be? | {
"answer_start": [
920
],
"text": [
"a secular version of theism"
]
} |
572f4dbdb2c2fd1400567ffb | Modern_history | Starting one-hundred years before the 20th century, the enlightenment spiritual philosophy was challenged in various quarters around the 1900s. Developed from earlier secular traditions, modern Humanist ethical philosophies affirmed the dignity and worth of all people, based on the ability to determine right and wrong ... | Why does Friedrinch Netzsche believe human rights exist? | {
"answer_start": [
1011
],
"text": [
"as a means for the weak to collectively constrain the strong."
]
} |
572f4f3304bcaa1900d76831 | Modern_history | Albert Einstein is known for his theories of special relativity and general relativity. He also made important contributions to statistical mechanics, especially his mathematical treatment of Brownian motion, his resolution of the paradox of specific heats, and his connection of fluctuations and dissipation. Despite hi... | What is Albert Einstein known for? | {
"answer_start": [
29
],
"text": [
"his theories of special relativity and general relativity"
]
} |
572f4f3304bcaa1900d76832 | Modern_history | Albert Einstein is known for his theories of special relativity and general relativity. He also made important contributions to statistical mechanics, especially his mathematical treatment of Brownian motion, his resolution of the paradox of specific heats, and his connection of fluctuations and dissipation. Despite hi... | What did Einstein add to the Brownman Motion? | {
"answer_start": [
166
],
"text": [
"mathematical treatment"
]
} |
572f4f3304bcaa1900d76833 | Modern_history | Albert Einstein is known for his theories of special relativity and general relativity. He also made important contributions to statistical mechanics, especially his mathematical treatment of Brownian motion, his resolution of the paradox of specific heats, and his connection of fluctuations and dissipation. Despite hi... | What did Einstein discover a resolution to? | {
"answer_start": [
227
],
"text": [
"the paradox of specific heats"
]
} |
572f4f3304bcaa1900d76834 | Modern_history | Albert Einstein is known for his theories of special relativity and general relativity. He also made important contributions to statistical mechanics, especially his mathematical treatment of Brownian motion, his resolution of the paradox of specific heats, and his connection of fluctuations and dissipation. Despite hi... | What theory did Einstein have reservations about? | {
"answer_start": [
432
],
"text": [
"quantum field theory"
]
} |
572f527db2c2fd140056801d | Modern_history | In 1901, the Federation of Australia was the process by which the six separate British self-governing colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia formed one nation. They kept the systems of government that they had developed as separate colonies but also would have... | What is the federation of Australia? | {
"answer_start": [
66
],
"text": [
"six separate British self-governing colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia formed one nation."
]
} |
572f527db2c2fd140056801e | Modern_history | In 1901, the Federation of Australia was the process by which the six separate British self-governing colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia formed one nation. They kept the systems of government that they had developed as separate colonies but also would have... | What was the federal Government responsible for? | {
"answer_start": [
367
],
"text": [
"matters concerning the whole nation."
]
} |
572f527db2c2fd140056801f | Modern_history | In 1901, the Federation of Australia was the process by which the six separate British self-governing colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia formed one nation. They kept the systems of government that they had developed as separate colonies but also would have... | When did the colonies collectively become a part of the Commonwealth of Australia? | {
"answer_start": [
404
],
"text": [
"When the Constitution of Australia came into force"
]
} |
572f538ca23a5019007fc53f | Modern_history | The last days of the Qing Dynasty were marked by civil unrest and foreign invasions. Responding to these civil failures and discontent, the Qing Imperial Court did attempt to reform the government in various ways, such as the decision to draft a constitution in 1906, the establishment of provincial legislatures in 1909... | What were the last days of the Qing dynasty marked by? | {
"answer_start": [
49
],
"text": [
"civil unrest and foreign invasions."
]
} |
572f538ca23a5019007fc540 | Modern_history | The last days of the Qing Dynasty were marked by civil unrest and foreign invasions. Responding to these civil failures and discontent, the Qing Imperial Court did attempt to reform the government in various ways, such as the decision to draft a constitution in 1906, the establishment of provincial legislatures in 1909... | What did the Qing dynasty attempt to do n the face of civil unrest? | {
"answer_start": [
164
],
"text": [
"attempt to reform the government in various"
]
} |
572f538ca23a5019007fc541 | Modern_history | The last days of the Qing Dynasty were marked by civil unrest and foreign invasions. Responding to these civil failures and discontent, the Qing Imperial Court did attempt to reform the government in various ways, such as the decision to draft a constitution in 1906, the establishment of provincial legislatures in 1909... | What happened to The reformers in the Qing dynasty? | {
"answer_start": [
486
],
"text": [
"either imprisoned or executed outright."
]
} |
572f538ca23a5019007fc542 | Modern_history | The last days of the Qing Dynasty were marked by civil unrest and foreign invasions. Responding to these civil failures and discontent, the Qing Imperial Court did attempt to reform the government in various ways, such as the decision to draft a constitution in 1906, the establishment of provincial legislatures in 1909... | What caused the revolution against the Qing dynasty? | {
"answer_start": [
530
],
"text": [
"failures of the Imperial Court to enact such reforming measures of political liberalization and modernization"
]
} |
572f54dba23a5019007fc551 | Modern_history | In 1912, the Republic of China was established and Sun Yat-sen was inaugurated in Nanjing as the first Provisional President. But power in Beijing already had passed to Yuan Shikai, who had effective control of the Beiyang Army, the most powerful military force in China at the time. To prevent civil war and possible fo... | When was the Republic of China established? | {
"answer_start": [
3
],
"text": [
"1912"
]
} |
572f54dba23a5019007fc554 | Modern_history | In 1912, the Republic of China was established and Sun Yat-sen was inaugurated in Nanjing as the first Provisional President. But power in Beijing already had passed to Yuan Shikai, who had effective control of the Beiyang Army, the most powerful military force in China at the time. To prevent civil war and possible fo... | What did China agree to avoid the undermining of the Republic? | {
"answer_start": [
385
],
"text": [
"agreed to Army's demand that China be united under a Beijing government."
]
} |
572f54dba23a5019007fc553 | Modern_history | In 1912, the Republic of China was established and Sun Yat-sen was inaugurated in Nanjing as the first Provisional President. But power in Beijing already had passed to Yuan Shikai, who had effective control of the Beiyang Army, the most powerful military force in China at the time. To prevent civil war and possible fo... | Who had control of the Beiyang army? | {
"answer_start": [
169
],
"text": [
"Yuan Shikai"
]
} |
572f54dba23a5019007fc552 | Modern_history | In 1912, the Republic of China was established and Sun Yat-sen was inaugurated in Nanjing as the first Provisional President. But power in Beijing already had passed to Yuan Shikai, who had effective control of the Beiyang Army, the most powerful military force in China at the time. To prevent civil war and possible fo... | Who was Inaugurated in Nanjing as the first provisional president? | {
"answer_start": [
51
],
"text": [
"Sun Yat-sen"
]
} |
572f54dba23a5019007fc555 | Modern_history | In 1912, the Republic of China was established and Sun Yat-sen was inaugurated in Nanjing as the first Provisional President. But power in Beijing already had passed to Yuan Shikai, who had effective control of the Beiyang Army, the most powerful military force in China at the time. To prevent civil war and possible fo... | Who was sworn in as the second provisional president of the republic of China? | {
"answer_start": [
474
],
"text": [
"Beijing, Shikai"
]
} |
572f56ddb2c2fd1400568049 | Modern_history | After the early 20th century revolutions, shifting alliances of China's regional warlords waged war for control of the Beijing government. Despite the fact that various warlords gained control of the government in Beijing during the warlord era, this did not constitute a new era of control or governance, because other ... | What happened to China after the 20th century revolutions? | {
"answer_start": [
42
],
"text": [
"shifting alliances of China's regional warlords waged war for control of the Beijing government."
]
} |
572f56ddb2c2fd140056804a | Modern_history | After the early 20th century revolutions, shifting alliances of China's regional warlords waged war for control of the Beijing government. Despite the fact that various warlords gained control of the government in Beijing during the warlord era, this did not constitute a new era of control or governance, because other ... | Who ultimately gained control of the Beijing government? | {
"answer_start": [
161
],
"text": [
"various warlords"
]
} |
572f56ddb2c2fd140056804b | Modern_history | After the early 20th century revolutions, shifting alliances of China's regional warlords waged war for control of the Beijing government. Despite the fact that various warlords gained control of the government in Beijing during the warlord era, this did not constitute a new era of control or governance, because other ... | Why was there not a new era of governance in Beijing? | {
"answer_start": [
306
],
"text": [
"because other warlords did not acknowledge the transitory governments in this period and were a law unto themselves."
]
} |
572f56ddb2c2fd140056804c | Modern_history | After the early 20th century revolutions, shifting alliances of China's regional warlords waged war for control of the Beijing government. Despite the fact that various warlords gained control of the government in Beijing during the warlord era, this did not constitute a new era of control or governance, because other ... | What were the military dominated governments known as? | {
"answer_start": [
487
],
"text": [
"the Beiyang government"
]
} |
572f56ddb2c2fd140056804d | Modern_history | After the early 20th century revolutions, shifting alliances of China's regional warlords waged war for control of the Beijing government. Despite the fact that various warlords gained control of the government in Beijing during the warlord era, this did not constitute a new era of control or governance, because other ... | When did the warlord era end? | {
"answer_start": [
533
],
"text": [
"around 1927"
]
} |
572f588204bcaa1900d76877 | Modern_history | Four years into the 20th century saw the Russo-Japanese War with the Battle of Port Arthur establishing the Empire of Japan as a world power. The Russians were in constant pursuit of a warm water port on the Pacific Ocean, for their navy as well as for maritime trade. The Manchurian Campaign of the Russian Empire was f... | When dd the Russo-Japanese war take place? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Four years into the 20th century"
]
} |
572f588204bcaa1900d76878 | Modern_history | Four years into the 20th century saw the Russo-Japanese War with the Battle of Port Arthur establishing the Empire of Japan as a world power. The Russians were in constant pursuit of a warm water port on the Pacific Ocean, for their navy as well as for maritime trade. The Manchurian Campaign of the Russian Empire was f... | What did the battle of Port Arthur establish? | {
"answer_start": [
104
],
"text": [
"the Empire of Japan as a world power."
]
} |
572f588204bcaa1900d76879 | Modern_history | Four years into the 20th century saw the Russo-Japanese War with the Battle of Port Arthur establishing the Empire of Japan as a world power. The Russians were in constant pursuit of a warm water port on the Pacific Ocean, for their navy as well as for maritime trade. The Manchurian Campaign of the Russian Empire was f... | What were the Russians hoping to find in the pacific ocean? | {
"answer_start": [
185
],
"text": [
"warm water port"
]
} |
572f588204bcaa1900d7687a | Modern_history | Four years into the 20th century saw the Russo-Japanese War with the Battle of Port Arthur establishing the Empire of Japan as a world power. The Russians were in constant pursuit of a warm water port on the Pacific Ocean, for their navy as well as for maritime trade. The Manchurian Campaign of the Russian Empire was f... | Why did the Manchurian Campaign fight the Russians. | {
"answer_start": [
347
],
"text": [
"over Manchuria and Korea."
]
} |
572f588204bcaa1900d7687b | Modern_history | Four years into the 20th century saw the Russo-Japanese War with the Battle of Port Arthur establishing the Empire of Japan as a world power. The Russians were in constant pursuit of a warm water port on the Pacific Ocean, for their navy as well as for maritime trade. The Manchurian Campaign of the Russian Empire was f... | How were the Japanese victories over the Russians views around the world? | {
"answer_start": [
696
],
"text": [
"unexpected"
]
} |
572f59f204bcaa1900d76891 | Modern_history | The Edwardian era in the United Kingdom is the period spanning the reign of King Edward VII up to the end of the First World War, including the years surrounding the sinking of the RMS Titanic. In the early years of the period, the Second Boer War in South Africa split the country into anti- and pro-war factions. The i... | What is the Edwardian era? | {
"answer_start": [
43
],
"text": [
"the period spanning the reign of King Edward VII up to the end of the First World War,"
]
} |
572f59f204bcaa1900d76892 | Modern_history | The Edwardian era in the United Kingdom is the period spanning the reign of King Edward VII up to the end of the First World War, including the years surrounding the sinking of the RMS Titanic. In the early years of the period, the Second Boer War in South Africa split the country into anti- and pro-war factions. The i... | What event split the United Kingdom into two groups? | {
"answer_start": [
232
],
"text": [
"Second Boer War"
]
} |
572f59f204bcaa1900d76893 | Modern_history | The Edwardian era in the United Kingdom is the period spanning the reign of King Edward VII up to the end of the First World War, including the years surrounding the sinking of the RMS Titanic. In the early years of the period, the Second Boer War in South Africa split the country into anti- and pro-war factions. The i... | In what year did the Liberals win huge in the general election? | {
"answer_start": [
417
],
"text": [
"1906"
]
} |
572f59f204bcaa1900d76894 | Modern_history | The Edwardian era in the United Kingdom is the period spanning the reign of King Edward VII up to the end of the First World War, including the years surrounding the sinking of the RMS Titanic. In the early years of the period, the Second Boer War in South Africa split the country into anti- and pro-war factions. The i... | What led to a reduction in the power of the peers? | {
"answer_start": [
611
],
"text": [
"Conflict between the two Houses of Parliament over the People's Budget"
]
} |
572f59f204bcaa1900d76895 | Modern_history | The Edwardian era in the United Kingdom is the period spanning the reign of King Edward VII up to the end of the First World War, including the years surrounding the sinking of the RMS Titanic. In the early years of the period, the Second Boer War in South Africa split the country into anti- and pro-war factions. The i... | Who held the balance of power in the 1910 election? | {
"answer_start": [
839
],
"text": [
"Labour and Irish Nationalist members."
]
} |
572f5c00947a6a140053c8be | Modern_history | The causes of World War I included many factors, including the conflicts and antagonisms of the four decades leading up to the war. The Triple Entente was the name given to the loose alignment between the United Kingdom, France, and Russia after the signing of the Anglo-Russian Entente in 1907. The alignment of the thr... | What is The Triple Entente? | {
"answer_start": [
155
],
"text": [
"the name given to the loose alignment between the United Kingdom, France, and Russia after the signing of the Anglo-Russian Entente in 1907."
]
} |
572f5c00947a6a140053c8bf | Modern_history | The causes of World War I included many factors, including the conflicts and antagonisms of the four decades leading up to the war. The Triple Entente was the name given to the loose alignment between the United Kingdom, France, and Russia after the signing of the Anglo-Russian Entente in 1907. The alignment of the thr... | When was the Anglo -Russia Entente signed? | {
"answer_start": [
290
],
"text": [
"1907."
]
} |
572f5c00947a6a140053c8c1 | Modern_history | The causes of World War I included many factors, including the conflicts and antagonisms of the four decades leading up to the war. The Triple Entente was the name given to the loose alignment between the United Kingdom, France, and Russia after the signing of the Anglo-Russian Entente in 1907. The alignment of the thr... | What was the origin of the war? | {
"answer_start": [
755
],
"text": [
"the decisions taken by statesmen and generals during the July Crisis of 1914"
]
} |
572f5c00947a6a140053c8c2 | Modern_history | The causes of World War I included many factors, including the conflicts and antagonisms of the four decades leading up to the war. The Triple Entente was the name given to the loose alignment between the United Kingdom, France, and Russia after the signing of the Anglo-Russian Entente in 1907. The alignment of the thr... | Who was murdered in Austria? | {
"answer_start": [
895
],
"text": [
"Archduke Franz Ferdinand"
]
} |
572f5c00947a6a140053c8c0 | Modern_history | The causes of World War I included many factors, including the conflicts and antagonisms of the four decades leading up to the war. The Triple Entente was the name given to the loose alignment between the United Kingdom, France, and Russia after the signing of the Anglo-Russian Entente in 1907. The alignment of the thr... | The Triple Entente served as a counter to what agreement? | {
"answer_start": [
452
],
"text": [
"Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy,"
]
} |
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