q_id stringlengths 5 6 | title stringlengths 10 300 | selftext stringlengths 0 10.9k | document stringclasses 1
value | subreddit stringclasses 1
value | answers dict | title_urls dict | selftext_urls dict | answers_urls dict | title_body stringlengths 17 10.9k | embeddings list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
a943fn | A UFC fighter was recently revealed to have trace amounts of a steroid in his system. Authorities in the UFC and USADA said that they’re from the last time he got busted and a redditor attempted to debunk this theory, could someone have trace amounts of Turinabol 18 months after use? | [deleted] | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"ecgphnx",
"ecig1ck",
"ecguq98"
],
"text": [
"The half life of turinabol is 18 hours. Thus, every 18 hours that the substance is in your body, roughly half is eliminated or metabolized in some way. Overall, this means approximately 730 half lives have occurred since the initial test. T... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | A UFC fighter was recently revealed to have trace amounts of a steroid in his system. Authorities in the UFC and USADA said that they’re from the last time he got busted and a redditor attempted to debunk this theory, could someone have trace amounts of Turinabol 18 months after use?
[deleted] | [
0.007208004128187895,
-0.8766725063323975,
0.5487512350082397,
-0.5233426690101624,
-0.435472309589386,
-0.4036608040332794,
0.26406148076057434,
-1.1597630977630615,
0.678752601146698,
0.41045260429382324,
0.4985414147377014,
0.5940895676612854,
-0.44352975487709045,
1.0564730167388916,
... | |
ysx7o | Does the brain do any post-processing on our vision, like anti-aliasing? | I know about the "blind spot," and how our brains fill in the visual gap, but is there anything else that goes on in the vision centre? I mean, 3D rendering technologies utilise a number of tools in order to perfect an image: anti-aliasing, anisotropic filtering, occlusion correction, etc. Do our eyes use similar tec... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c5yl1z7",
"c5ylbmj",
"c5ykumn"
],
"text": [
"When you focus on something, you're eyes are constantly moving (called a [saccade](_URL_0_) ) not standing still. Your brain \"processes\" this into a still image.\n\nEdit: There's also quite a bit of work being done on the processing of vi... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saccade",
"http://www.hms.harvard.edu/dms/neuroscience/fac/engert.php",
"http://www.biotele.com/magenta.html",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrachromacy"
]
} | Does the brain do any post-processing on our vision, like anti-aliasing?
I know about the "blind spot," and how our brains fill in the visual gap, but is there anything else that goes on in the vision centre? I mean, 3D rendering technologies utilise a number of tools in order to perfect an image: anti-aliasing, anisot... | [
-0.16022367775440216,
-0.061988089233636856,
1.277174711227417,
0.35118618607521057,
-0.4027186930179596,
-0.18002338707447052,
0.6168755292892456,
-0.4447205066680908,
0.34811902046203613,
-0.5140405893325806,
0.7685655951499939,
0.4843936562538147,
-1.0813108682632446,
0.2375762313604354... | |
imw1n | When a new animal is discovered, what tests are done to see if it's edible (if any?) | Or I guess a better question is, what do we attempt to learn from new species (be they plants, animals, etc.) when they're first discovered? Is their edibility one of those things?
If so, how is that tested? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c252h5m",
"c251386",
"c2532ly",
"c251q7k",
"c252b3k",
"c252mzc"
],
"text": [
"This is not something that the scientists who describe new species typically care about. These scientists, systematists and taxonomists, however do learn a lot from indigenous peoples about undes... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.jstor.org/pss/2423690",
"http://www.wikihow.com/Test-if-a-Plant-Is-Edible"
]
} | When a new animal is discovered, what tests are done to see if it's edible (if any?)
Or I guess a better question is, what do we attempt to learn from new species (be they plants, animals, etc.) when they're first discovered? Is their edibility one of those things? If so, how is that tested? | [
-0.022050553932785988,
-0.18759235739707947,
0.8232621550559998,
-0.18255436420440674,
-0.3203981816768646,
-0.25745347142219543,
0.7959799766540527,
-1.5133178234100342,
1.607737421989441,
0.03732107952237129,
0.5612155795097351,
0.3429698050022125,
-0.4811834394931793,
0.0732304081320762... | |
62s39v | How do I derive a form of the Navier-Stokes Law which realistically reflects the vorticity surrounding complexly spinose Odontopleurid trilobites in conditions of incompressible steady flow? | The recurring emergence of extreme spinosity in certain Trilobite lineages in the Paleozoic has been interpreted as adaptive specialisation to a planktonic lifestyle. However, Stokes Law merely demonstrates that a sphere of a given diameter may show suspension behavior in conditions of incompressible steady flow, for a... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"dfouus3",
"dfou6jg",
"dfpskek"
],
"text": [
"Well, you are on point with your observation that the approximation is too simplistic. One way to tackle your problem without approximating your odontopleurida as spherical is to describe their volume using [spherical harmonics](_URL_2_). B... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.jsjgeology.net/Spiny-trilobites_files/image002.jpg"
]
} | {
"url": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical_harmonics#Connection_with_representation_theory",
"http://www.kurims.kyoto-u.ac.jp/~motizuki/Inter-universal%20Teichmuller%20Theory%20IV.pdf",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical_harmonics",
"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/231911381_St... | How do I derive a form of the Navier-Stokes Law which realistically reflects the vorticity surrounding complexly spinose Odontopleurid trilobites in conditions of incompressible steady flow?
The recurring emergence of extreme spinosity in certain Trilobite lineages in the Paleozoic has been interpreted as adaptive spec... | [
-0.9113837480545044,
-0.5594566464424133,
1.2215921878814697,
-0.4496208429336548,
-0.1311764121055603,
-0.6266248822212219,
0.1594046950340271,
-0.2988201975822449,
-0.2323085069656372,
-0.46631696820259094,
1.1595107316970825,
0.4936186969280243,
-0.8796695470809937,
0.12293923646211624,... | |
2nb6wh | Why are suntans attractive to humans if they are an indication of skin damage? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cmcbf9f",
"cmc8tg4",
"cmc6pvr"
],
"text": [
"Suntans aren't attractive in every culture. When I walk out of my dorm-room on a sunny day in Chongqing China, I see a majority of (especially female) students using an umbrella. Why? Because in their culture, \"As long as a girl has the... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/23/fashion/three-new-books-on-luxurious-cold-weather-escapes.html",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_skin_color#Social_status.2C_colorism_and_racism"
]
} | Why are suntans attractive to humans if they are an indication of skin damage?
| [
0.13449017703533173,
0.048565156757831573,
0.7756863832473755,
-0.48893651366233826,
-0.4546172618865967,
-0.139358788728714,
0.4157377779483795,
-1.464594841003418,
-0.02415589615702629,
0.14365772902965546,
0.22406141459941864,
0.7379710674285889,
-1.0276219844818115,
0.4606460630893707,... | ||
35qgpc | If I lift one side of cabinet, and the opposite side remains on the ground acting as a fulcrum, have I lifted exactly half of the weight? | I have a bet with my father, but realized I do not know the answer to this simple question.
| askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cr6vvdz",
"cr6wpkf",
"cr6uluq",
"cr6y85s",
"cr7eohe",
"cr79tw6"
],
"text": [
"The answer is Yes, if CG is at the center of the cabinet, then at the moment the cabinet moves from the ground, you are lifting halve of the weight. As you lift higher, you lift less, until CG is... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | If I lift one side of cabinet, and the opposite side remains on the ground acting as a fulcrum, have I lifted exactly half of the weight?
I have a bet with my father, but realized I do not know the answer to this simple question. | [
0.07912538200616837,
-0.8738537430763245,
0.1268354207277298,
0.34052714705467224,
-0.4826159179210663,
-0.1077047660946846,
-0.18895307183265686,
-0.46054184436798096,
0.3436037302017212,
0.2984301447868347,
0.8307328820228577,
0.2446162849664688,
-0.12306220084428787,
0.39998334646224976... | |
2lb98j | Are there polynomial equations that are equal to basic trig functions? | Are there polynomial functions that are equal to basic trig functions (i.e: y=cos(x), y=sin(x))? If so what are they and how are they calculated? Also are there any limits on them (i.e only works when a < x < b)? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"clt64q6",
"clt7773",
"clt6l64",
"cltbhid",
"cltglc7",
"cltbwo5",
"clthttr",
"cltjmoc",
"cltnyqx",
"cltf6u5",
"cltwrj7",
"cltkw7o",
"cltldul",
"cltd6w5",
"cltkg42",
"cltmn6m"
],
"text": [
"It's possible to express these functions as T... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor_series",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier_series",
"http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=graph+sum+from+n+%3D+1+to+3+of+%28-1%29^%28n+%2B+1%29+*+x^%282n+-+1%29+%2F+%282n+-+1%29!+and+sin%28x%29+for+-10+%3C+x+%3C+10",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bas... | Are there polynomial equations that are equal to basic trig functions?
Are there polynomial functions that are equal to basic trig functions (i.e: y=cos(x), y=sin(x))? If so what are they and how are they calculated? Also are there any limits on them (i.e only works when a < x < b)? | [
-0.5722431540489197,
-0.4519619941711426,
0.5706089735031128,
1.1020563840866089,
-0.49614888429641724,
-0.31120944023132324,
0.8647462129592896,
-0.9282357096672058,
0.9397794008255005,
0.2239050418138504,
0.7562190294265747,
0.43185657262802124,
-1.6820976734161377,
-0.908829391002655,
... | |
jt0ka | Engineers of AskScience! What would you say is the most powerful machine that mankind has ever created? | Of course powerful is probably a relative term, but perhaps this could spark some interesting debate? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c2evjb1",
"c2extvr",
"c2evhwi",
"c2evoc2",
"c2exebv",
"c2exq71"
],
"text": [
"In terms of sheer physical power it was [Tsar Bomba](_URL_0_). I can't find the figures off hand but its been estimated that in the tiny fraction of a second as it detonated its power output was ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar_Bomba",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z_machine",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagger_288"
]
} | Engineers of AskScience! What would you say is the most powerful machine that mankind has ever created?
Of course powerful is probably a relative term, but perhaps this could spark some interesting debate? | [
-0.07840970903635025,
-0.46134641766548157,
0.5923399925231934,
-0.3534398078918457,
-0.7169793248176575,
-0.6651003956794739,
-0.08550642430782318,
-1.0399497747421265,
0.7082362771034241,
0.05293161794543266,
0.9365001916885376,
0.024239204823970795,
-0.12178558111190796,
0.3729537725448... | |
2dfrsk | The killdeer bird uses a "broken wing act" to distract predators from its nest. When it does this, does it understand WHY this works? Or is this simply an instinctive behavior? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cjp87a0",
"cjp79jl",
"cjpnuvu",
"cjpa074",
"cjpbo6c",
"cjpchog",
"cjpl4yp",
"cjps5az",
"cjprwmf",
"cjpscq0",
"cjpjxra"
],
"text": [
"Cognitive ethologist Carolyn Ristau has done studies on similar behavior in another bird species, piping plovers. The sh... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www08.homepage.villanova.edu/michael.brown/Psych%208175/Ristau1991.pdf",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird_intelligence#Theory_of_mind",
"http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/killdeer/id",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pukeko"
]
} | The killdeer bird uses a "broken wing act" to distract predators from its nest. When it does this, does it understand WHY this works? Or is this simply an instinctive behavior?
| [
-0.33077648282051086,
-0.18281522393226624,
-0.15647287666797638,
-0.26181110739707947,
-0.27608945965766907,
-0.25962215662002563,
0.9160606861114502,
-0.5544125437736511,
1.0450730323791504,
0.9866328239440918,
-0.09354683011770248,
0.5040442943572998,
-0.4921885132789612,
0.045414000749... | ||
moj3l | Where is the "best" place to turn the volume up? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c32k6eq",
"c32kmhu",
"c32mc9o",
"c32kf1a"
],
"text": [
"While still in the digital realm, there should be no difference between your iTunes volume control and your computer's volume control. When crossing the digital/analog barrier, you want to make sure that the analog source is ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise_floor"
]
} | Where is the "best" place to turn the volume up?
| [
-0.28597864508628845,
-0.12005825340747833,
0.719416618347168,
-0.2660512924194336,
-0.22641120851039886,
-0.4430691599845886,
0.1623775213956833,
-0.602771520614624,
1.0574443340301514,
-0.6606433987617493,
0.03880929946899414,
0.7206094264984131,
0.10705345124006271,
-0.46785175800323486... | ||
30qvwz | Meta Post - Changes to AskScience | ####Hello subscribers of /r/AskScience!
& nbsp; & nbsp; & nbsp; & nbsp; & nbsp;It has been a long time since there has been a meta post from the mods, and I wanted to give an update. The previous top mod /u/TheWalruss has just stepped down, leaving me as the top moderator. I want this subreddit to succeed, and it has... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cpv0h6r",
"cpuy5ig",
"cpvownw",
"cpuy13g",
"cpvdvgm",
"cpv1zin",
"cpvgjm6",
"cpvek1g",
"cpvq7u1",
"cpv2zlt",
"cpye932",
"cpvfnb3",
"cpvflbv"
],
"text": [
"We have a lot of panelists who do a lot of different things. Besides a little piece of fla... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/wiki/faq",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/wiki/quickstart",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/AskScience/wiki/index",
"http://www.reddit.com/message/compose?to=%2Fr%2Faskscience"
]
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2verix/askscience_ama_series_im_monica_montano_associate/",
"http://vignette2.wikia.nocookie.net/watchmen/images/8/8c/Hira.png/revision/latest?cb=20090731095106",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/6e/Ozymandiascomics.jpg"
]
} | Meta Post - Changes to AskScience
####Hello subscribers of /r/AskScience! & nbsp; & nbsp; & nbsp; & nbsp; & nbsp;It has been a long time since there has been a meta post from the mods, and I wanted to give an update. The previous top mod /u/TheWalruss has just stepped down, leaving me as the top moderator. I want this ... | [
-0.269464910030365,
-0.28585922718048096,
0.4195069968700409,
-0.9330357313156128,
-0.7037100791931152,
-0.9325794577598572,
0.027698613703250885,
-0.17073535919189453,
0.3473118543624878,
-0.0897424966096878,
0.27906811237335205,
0.5561713576316833,
0.5390532612800598,
0.9663467407226562,... | |
16tza5 | Somebody found ice growing out of a rail. How does something like this happen? | _URL_0_ | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c7zcfcm",
"c7zeuh7",
"c7zjy5a",
"c7zjfl2",
"c7zl7hm",
"c7zpopf"
],
"text": [
"Basic answer is that the volume of water expands when turning to ice, and it finds the path of least resistance, which is out of that drain hole (that vertical rail would be full of water, answer... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://i.imgur.com/6WAHq.jpg"
]
} | {
"url": [
"http://my.ilstu.edu/~jrcarter/ice/extrude/",
"http://my.ilstu.edu/~jrcarter/ice/",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/mildlyinteresting/comments/16tu2x/i_found_ice_growing_out_of_a_rail/",
"http://www.physics.utoronto.ca/~smorris/edl/icespikes/icespikes.html"
]
} | Somebody found ice growing out of a rail. How does something like this happen?
_URL_0_ | [
-0.6121873259544373,
-0.6101903915405273,
0.15026108920574188,
-0.22033818066120148,
0.03139462694525719,
-0.7358012199401855,
0.9842202067375183,
0.7613188624382019,
-0.07040100544691086,
0.11331840604543686,
0.7611071467399597,
-0.26928746700286865,
-0.3756265938282013,
0.153636872768402... | |
4x2k1t | Ask Anything Wednesday - Biology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology | Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on **Biology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology**
Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big o... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"d6bxjco",
"d6c01h2",
"d6bxsnm",
"d6bwl3b",
"d6c4rpk",
"d6c0cfu",
"d6c22do",
"d6bywdq",
"d6bxyjf",
"d6bzzzr",
"d6c12om",
"d6ca32i",
"d6c059k",
"d6ci9hm",
"d6c01gi",
"d6bznn4",
"d6c0t5m",
"d6c1kxg",
"d6c0ays",
"d6c6dtk",
"d... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/search?q=flair%3A%27meta%27&restrict_sr=on&sort=new&t=all",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/wiki/index#wiki_answering_askscience",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/3exo6p/askscience_panel_of_scientists_xiii/"
]
} | {
"url": []
} | Ask Anything Wednesday - Biology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology
Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on **Biology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology** Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a... | [
-0.502750813961029,
-0.4734424352645874,
1.3416783809661865,
-0.24684706330299377,
-0.6205776929855347,
-0.9120122790336609,
0.1490362286567688,
-0.7212672829627991,
0.5978093147277832,
0.05681221932172775,
0.6598251461982727,
-0.018810801208019257,
-0.5723649859428406,
0.6312721967697144,... | |
n9b64 | Questions about evolution... | Me and my girlfriend are getting into arguments about the nature of evolution (not whether it is true or not). How far does the science community think humans have progressed since say 0 AD? Have our anatomies changed? I'm sure they have a bit but a lot of this is due to medicine and nutrition. My theory is we have not... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c37b81m",
"c37be6b",
"c37bi88"
],
"text": [
"I would suspect that the majority of evolutionary changes over a short time span would be to fast-adapting systems, such as the genes responsible for immune functions, or diet.\n\n[This article](_URL_0_) goes into some depth about recent ev... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://discovermagazine.com/2009/mar/09-they-dont-make-homo-sapiens-like-they-used-to",
"http://www.pnas.org/content/104/10/3736.full",
"http://www.sciencemag.org/content/309/5741/1717.full"
]
} | Questions about evolution...
Me and my girlfriend are getting into arguments about the nature of evolution (not whether it is true or not). How far does the science community think humans have progressed since say 0 AD? Have our anatomies changed? I'm sure they have a bit but a lot of this is due to medicine and nutrit... | [
0.15946102142333984,
-0.25859105587005615,
0.8283547163009644,
-0.5075910687446594,
-0.7258939146995544,
-0.358377069234848,
-0.06903339922428131,
-0.8213651776313782,
1.039160966873169,
0.2832494378089905,
1.0271813869476318,
0.3202895522117615,
-0.10099948942661285,
1.4425020217895508,
... | |
31vozw | Ask Anything Wednesday - Physics, Astronomy, Earth and Planetary Science | Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on **Physics, Astronomy, Earth and Planetary Science**
Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cq5hcn2",
"cq5fcz2",
"cq5jdb3",
"cq5evoc",
"cq5jmlr",
"cq5hgae",
"cq5golq",
"cq5icd6",
"cq5i7hu",
"cq5g2rs",
"cq5fico",
"cq5iqnu",
"cq5ky7k",
"cq5rszj",
"cq5jd8d",
"cq5lea7",
"cq5oxuy",
"cq5jhwz",
"cq5ptcg",
"cq5nav1",
"c... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1uxrxz/askscience_panel_of_scientists_x/",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/wiki/index#wiki_answering_askscience",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/search?q=flair%3A%27meta%27&amp;restrict_sr=on&amp;sort=new&amp;t=all"
]
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2009/pdf/1449.pdf",
"http://mars.nasa.gov/msl/news/whatsnew/index.cfm?FuseAction=ShowNews&NewsID=1766",
"http://i.imgur.com/wYypRrI.jpg"
]
} | Ask Anything Wednesday - Physics, Astronomy, Earth and Planetary Science
Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on **Physics, Astronomy, Earth and Planetary Science** Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too specu... | [
-0.44144341349601746,
-0.504654586315155,
1.043596625328064,
-0.2559351325035095,
-0.574461042881012,
-0.9896713495254517,
0.029139764606952667,
-0.563826322555542,
0.35382238030433655,
0.09766313433647156,
0.504187285900116,
0.1162564754486084,
-0.5023185610771179,
0.5724055767059326,
0... | |
4w1bo4 | Why does delta x * delta p > = h/4pi? | This is the math behind Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle but what is the logic behind the right side of the equation? Why does delta x * delta p have to be greater than or equal to h/4pi? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"d636dvk",
"d63a5oa",
"d63f1ls"
],
"text": [
"Physical observables in quantum mechanics are represented by Hermitian operators (you can loosely think of them as matrices, but they may be infinite-dimensional). And as you may know from math class, multiplication of matrices is not commu... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.reed.edu/physics/courses/P342.S10/Physics342/page1/files/Lecture.20.pdf",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier_transform",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier_transform"
]
} | Why does delta x * delta p > = h/4pi?
This is the math behind Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle but what is the logic behind the right side of the equation? Why does delta x * delta p have to be greater than or equal to h/4pi? | [
-0.7659890651702881,
-0.1956762671470642,
0.4175562560558319,
0.43780508637428284,
-0.1704532504081726,
-0.32519277930259705,
0.37130871415138245,
-0.7336663603782654,
1.1208158731460571,
-0.2005290687084198,
0.6926802396774292,
0.290022075176239,
-1.039394497871399,
-0.5020409226417542,
... | |
kbbrp | What does the top of a lightning bolt look like? | Since the lightning bolt isn't actually attached to anything and the top of it is hidden in the clouds, I was wondering what the upper edge/boundary of a lightning bolt is shaped like. Is it just a mass of electricity? Does it fade into nothingness near the top? I can't quite picture how the source would appear. | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c2iwr5h",
"c2ixa7a",
"c2izae4",
"c2izl3w"
],
"text": [
"If the bolt is directed from the cloud to ground, it will fade into nothing. I'll try to explain why with a simplistic description of lightning. The lightning bolt is essentially an arc that propagates from cloud to cloud, ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.google.com/search?q=photos+of+lightning+from+space&hl=en&client=safari&rls=en&prmd=ivns&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=Gh9sTte2LYnt0gHq4ozxDg&ved=0CCMQsAQ&biw=1126&bih=911",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper-atmospheric_lightning",
... | What does the top of a lightning bolt look like?
Since the lightning bolt isn't actually attached to anything and the top of it is hidden in the clouds, I was wondering what the upper edge/boundary of a lightning bolt is shaped like. Is it just a mass of electricity? Does it fade into nothingness near the top? I can't ... | [
0.3530741333961487,
-0.5330889821052551,
0.40329211950302124,
-0.09891334176063538,
-0.61790931224823,
-0.3830682933330536,
0.18493357300758362,
-0.37988999485969543,
0.3419271409511566,
0.6796941757202148,
1.0262197256088257,
0.12158514559268951,
-1.0555139780044556,
0.6440219879150391,
... | |
bty7e6 | Why did physicians historically administer vaccines into patients buttocks as opposed to the Arms/thighs? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"ep4ox4q",
"ep4ypex",
"ep4ydwo",
"ep4zg7f",
"ep7e63k",
"ep5ycc5",
"epcqbpp"
],
"text": [
"Are you sure you mean vaccines and not antibiotics? Many vaccines are delivered to the arm/thigh, including mmr and smallpox.\n\nMore fat/muscle to hold the shot. Penicillin is adm... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://www.oncologynurseadvisor.com/home/hot-topics/chemotherapy/large-volume-im-injections-%E2%80%A8a-review-of-best-practices/",
"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3342363/",
"http://www.jimmunol.org/content/183/11/6883",
"https://old.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/bty7e6/w... | Why did physicians historically administer vaccines into patients buttocks as opposed to the Arms/thighs?
| [
-0.2761688232421875,
-0.4734385907649994,
0.34244102239608765,
-0.2616027593612671,
-1.3269078731536865,
-1.1286566257476807,
0.5269296765327454,
-0.9336181879043579,
0.5129513740539551,
0.6700512766838074,
0.6613690257072449,
0.2166680097579956,
-0.5588536262512207,
0.8919459581375122,
... | ||
164lyz | Vortex-ring-fractal structure of the hydrogen atom? | I recently stumbled upon some papers by a Czech scientist named Pavel Osmera making what seemed to me a rather bold proposal about the fundamental structure of matter. It appears to be legitimate, and the visual representations are very compelling, but the physics are way over my head. Has anyone heard of this man/mo... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c7sos6h",
"c7soeiq",
"c7strz0"
],
"text": [
"This looks like a lot of nonsense dressed up in the language of quantum mechanics.\n\nObservations:\n\n1. Osmera is a computer scientist/engineer, not a physicist.\n2. His cited sources are either popular science books, introductory undergr... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.iaeng.org/publication/WCECS2007/WCECS2007_pp152-157.pdf",
"http://www.iaeng.org/publication/WCECS2009/WCECS2009_pp89-94.pdf"
]
} | {
"url": []
} | Vortex-ring-fractal structure of the hydrogen atom?
I recently stumbled upon some papers by a Czech scientist named Pavel Osmera making what seemed to me a rather bold proposal about the fundamental structure of matter. It appears to be legitimate, and the visual representations are very compelling, but the physics are... | [
-0.6459037065505981,
0.01004614494740963,
0.5797058343887329,
-0.4233481287956238,
-0.8479717373847961,
-0.6644992828369141,
-0.30180466175079346,
-0.6296570301055908,
1.243467926979065,
-0.4815865457057953,
0.5253385901451111,
0.1415960192680359,
0.15239253640174866,
0.7331538796424866,
... | |
144gwq | If you could create continuous pain in the human body, without actually causing damage, would the person eventually accept that pain level as normal and stop hurting? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c79t5tx",
"c79ssbc",
"c79ufma",
"c79tr1o",
"c79wsdr",
"c79z29p",
"c7a1b21"
],
"text": [
"Alas no, and it negatively impacts the mind. _URL_0_ - people often end up chronically stressed, depressed, anxious, have lower self-esteem, become neurotic (based on the MMPI) hav... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_pain",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigeminal_neuralgia",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postherpetic_neuralgia"
]
} | If you could create continuous pain in the human body, without actually causing damage, would the person eventually accept that pain level as normal and stop hurting?
| [
0.24359728395938873,
-0.19925042986869812,
0.8227370977401733,
-0.22912801802158356,
-0.5597965717315674,
-0.3687616288661957,
0.770228385925293,
-1.260471224784851,
0.18836845457553864,
-0.465468168258667,
0.3434472978115082,
1.077775239944458,
-0.9695964455604553,
0.0130486860871315,
0... | ||
1tyf0w | My dad has a masters in chemistry and he says this ingredient in an energy drink (selenium amino acid chelate) does not exist. Can any of you verify? | Here is a link to the name of the ingredient on the nutrition facts _URL_0_ | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cecwlm8",
"cecyutw",
"cecrjbq",
"cecz08r",
"ceczift",
"ced8f61",
"ced4s5s",
"cecrooi",
"ceddx5o"
],
"text": [
"I think your father is practically correct. None of the amino acids I know of are large enough to bind Se(2+) with two separate anionic binding sites.... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://m.imgur.com/hAEMPbt"
]
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenocysteine",
"http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenomethionine"
]
} | My dad has a masters in chemistry and he says this ingredient in an energy drink (selenium amino acid chelate) does not exist. Can any of you verify?
Here is a link to the name of the ingredient on the nutrition facts _URL_0_ | [
-0.4997905492782593,
-0.39641547203063965,
0.028142143040895462,
0.040045831352472305,
-0.6158294677734375,
-0.8849270343780518,
0.1677628606557846,
-0.5411241054534912,
1.3221672773361206,
0.8680604100227356,
0.07882118225097656,
1.2158623933792114,
-0.2773948311805725,
0.9692556262016296... | |
bflw44 | Is it possible for a single, random atom to split on its own, at any time? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"eleqqiw",
"elerifs",
"eletxbk",
"elg7v73",
"elgophb"
],
"text": [
"Yes, this happens all the time in some radioactive elements. It's called alpha decay: the atom splits into two, and one part is a helium nucleus, also called an alpha particle. \n\nFor example, a radium atom s... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Is it possible for a single, random atom to split on its own, at any time?
| [
-0.2637174129486084,
-0.94410240650177,
0.14495794475078583,
0.0940527692437172,
-0.29092317819595337,
-0.8218642473220825,
0.29654812812805176,
-0.2864931523799896,
0.14407067000865936,
-0.1420419067144394,
0.4960138201713562,
-0.19630014896392822,
-1.055812954902649,
-0.09895020723342896... | ||
124q4i | If high powered rifle shots disintegrate if shot into water, how do forensic ballistics scientists harvest test shots? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c6s7cx9",
"c6s6fiw",
"c6s60mr",
"c6s5t5s"
],
"text": [
"There are no standards and no true accreditation for \"forensic sciences.\"",
"The only time I've tried this personally (copper-jacketed .308 fired from a Remington 788 rifle into jugs of water), the slug stayed intact, r... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.nij.gov/training/firearms-training/module07/fir_m07_t13_01.htm"
]
} | If high powered rifle shots disintegrate if shot into water, how do forensic ballistics scientists harvest test shots?
| [
0.2546808123588562,
-0.2672715485095978,
0.3721254765987396,
0.14756152033805847,
-0.09690079092979431,
-0.6061164140701294,
0.36812350153923035,
-0.9562981128692627,
1.5581889152526855,
0.2676686644554138,
0.8178860545158386,
0.2245793342590332,
-0.3955119550228119,
0.30522042512893677,
... | ||
1zcida | Do permanent magnets have a half-life or otherwise “decay” over time? | It seems like there must be some energetic cost to constantly exerting a force on the surroundings. As particles & objects resist that force, it must exert some backward torque or whatever on the aligned atoms of the magnet. Over time, is the magnet depolarizing?
Also, my understanding is that permanent magnets are ... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cfsg55n",
"cfsi9xo",
"cfsga6t",
"cfsg55m",
"cfsgrke",
"cfsiwjs",
"cfsljnh",
"cfshmf5",
"cfsg7ro",
"cft4soh"
],
"text": [
"You seem to hold the misconception that the existence of magnetic fields requires an output of energy, however that is completely false... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coercivity"
]
} | Do permanent magnets have a half-life or otherwise “decay” over time?
It seems like there must be some energetic cost to constantly exerting a force on the surroundings. As particles & objects resist that force, it must exert some backward torque or whatever on the aligned atoms of the magnet. Over time, is the magnet ... | [
-0.031363826245069504,
-0.3407040238380432,
0.924954891204834,
-0.42375028133392334,
-0.5157507658004761,
-0.38665130734443665,
0.05943892523646355,
-1.0843613147735596,
0.2819124162197113,
-0.2577716112136841,
1.6174938678741455,
0.3939349949359894,
-1.0200395584106445,
0.2845305800437927... | |
qowgg | When they say "An 80% chance of rain" on the local radio, what does this mean? | Does it mean "there is an 80% chance that it will rain on *you*", or does it mean "there is an 80% chance that it will rain *somewhere* in your area"? The former would seem to be a more useful statistic.
Or perhaps it means something else entirely?
*edit*: People seem not to be answering the question :-/ eg. Truck4... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c3z9xbp",
"c3zavng",
"c3zaksv",
"c3zcdmg",
"c3zf1ok"
],
"text": [
"[This](_URL_0_) may help. Generally, it means that out of the last x times these conditions happened, there was rain y% of those times, or out of x simulations, there was rain in y% of them.",
"Some good an... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.srh.noaa.gov/ffc/?n=pop"
]
} | When they say "An 80% chance of rain" on the local radio, what does this mean?
Does it mean "there is an 80% chance that it will rain on *you*", or does it mean "there is an 80% chance that it will rain *somewhere* in your area"? The former would seem to be a more useful statistic. Or perhaps it means something else en... | [
0.4414256811141968,
-1.106407642364502,
0.9023247361183167,
0.3924074172973633,
-0.5843823552131653,
-0.1408962458372116,
-0.4861719012260437,
-1.1017372608184814,
0.5596779584884644,
0.9028725624084473,
0.6134061813354492,
1.166295051574707,
-0.9584852457046509,
0.4366620182991028,
0.25... | |
x951j | [AskScience AMA Series]: I AMA late-stage Ph.D. student in management, with research interests spanning intelligence and personality testing in selection, interviewing, newcomer socialization and early turnover, and job attitudes. AMA | My opinions may be somewhat personally biased (like my beliefs about nature/nurture in intelligence), but I am familiar with the literature and will try to present both viewpoints where appropriate. Consider my field the intersection of psychology and business, describing/explaining/predicting/controlling cognitions at... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c5kep71",
"c5kg1w3",
"c5kbim4",
"c5kbdd2",
"c5kbjzz",
"c5kcu37"
],
"text": [
"What do you think about personality questionaires, Meyer-Briggs for instance?\n\nAny opinion on the Peter principle or Parkinson's laws?",
"Hi! Thanks for doing this. I find this field very... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | [AskScience AMA Series]: I AMA late-stage Ph.D. student in management, with research interests spanning intelligence and personality testing in selection, interviewing, newcomer socialization and early turnover, and job attitudes. AMA
My opinions may be somewhat personally biased (like my beliefs about nature/nurture i... | [
-0.4799002707004547,
-0.3845868706703186,
0.49950698018074036,
-0.8739803433418274,
0.17355312407016754,
-0.25234997272491455,
-0.010551149025559425,
-0.8425414562225342,
0.5976426601409912,
-0.10950068384408951,
0.8153038620948792,
0.35608986020088196,
0.7355100512504578,
0.80572867393493... | |
q4cxd | Is bone damaged or strengthened by repeated blunt impacts? | Example: If I whacked my elbow/forearm up against a solid object once a day for 20 years, would the underlying bone become stronger to compensate for the impacts or would it be left in a weaker more fragile state?
This is mentioned in martial arts movies frequently. Masters have trained punching trees/iron in order to... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c3um4h7",
"c3umesg",
"c3uqzbt",
"c3urnkd"
],
"text": [
"laminar bone readjusts its structure in such as way as to be strongest along the direction of the force most often applied. This is why weight bearing exercise is important for long bones to calcify and strengthen longitudin... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.jbiomech.com/article/S0021-9290%2807%2900079-6/abstract",
"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1359/jbmr.1997.12.2.255/full",
"http://www.thebonejournal.com/article/S8756-3282%2806%2900784-8/abstract",
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=12fGkBJ2HVs",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/... | Is bone damaged or strengthened by repeated blunt impacts?
Example: If I whacked my elbow/forearm up against a solid object once a day for 20 years, would the underlying bone become stronger to compensate for the impacts or would it be left in a weaker more fragile state? This is mentioned in martial arts movies freque... | [
0.4237498342990875,
-0.649194061756134,
0.7658861875534058,
-0.7092441916465759,
-0.4605030119419098,
-0.09506306052207947,
-0.24141676723957062,
-1.1220197677612305,
0.8982084393501282,
0.3490503132343292,
0.8884925246238708,
0.21972137689590454,
-0.36770519614219666,
0.6263365149497986,
... | |
y1yd3 | My friend said "It takes 7 years to digest a maraschino cherry" and this was the stupidest thing I heard all week- but I need SCIENCE! to help me | Nothing would convince my friend that this is not true short of a complete explanation as to why it's impossible or actual research. Explaining stomach pH, gut bacteria, functions of the digestive tract, etc. I am bothered by this, probably more than I should be. I need your help so that I can start sleeping at night ... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c5rllmr",
"c5rlvjn",
"c5rl0ou"
],
"text": [
"Nothing will convince your friend if \"stomach pH, gut bacteria, functions of the digestive tract\" don't. But for you, so you can sleep at night, I went and looked this all up on the Intarwebz. \n\nBasically, you make a maraschino cherry b... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.seattleweekly.com/2007-08-01/food/just-what-you-needed-homemade-maraschino-cherries/",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maraschino_cherry",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7426352",
"http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/face/stateface/mi/05mi066.html"
]
} | My friend said "It takes 7 years to digest a maraschino cherry" and this was the stupidest thing I heard all week- but I need SCIENCE! to help me
Nothing would convince my friend that this is not true short of a complete explanation as to why it's impossible or actual research. Explaining stomach pH, gut bacteria, func... | [
-0.16824200749397278,
-0.5543304085731506,
0.4731994867324829,
-0.3463948667049408,
-0.5784094333648682,
-0.26887285709381104,
-0.32074877619743347,
-0.6448837518692017,
1.2612090110778809,
0.8001400828361511,
0.9622660875320435,
0.4679492712020874,
-0.17983737587928772,
1.3377214670181274... | |
rfoos | Is there any area of science that a committed amateur with a few hundreds worth of equipment might make a worthwhile contribution? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c45f9sl",
"c45fg8x",
"c45fa03",
"c45fa6r",
"c45fad1",
"c45fg3c"
],
"text": [
"Over the years many amateur astronomers have discovered things which have remained unnoticed by \"professionals\".",
"Mathematics. You need a pencil and a piece of paper.",
"In Computer S... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Is there any area of science that a committed amateur with a few hundreds worth of equipment might make a worthwhile contribution?
| [
-0.045685503631830215,
-0.6181719899177551,
0.8001006245613098,
0.0011622286401689053,
-0.5129290819168091,
-0.5902763605117798,
0.2149937003850937,
-1.2656440734863281,
-0.8144009113311768,
0.02473597787320614,
0.5540797114372253,
-0.6056941747665405,
-0.03414104878902435,
0.0898017063736... | ||
7b240g | What would happen to the LHC if there was an earthquake in Geneva? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"dpeqwst",
"dpev8b4",
"dpexk5p",
"dpfkwt2"
],
"text": [
"Theoretically, I guess that the particle accelleration tube would be thrown out of alignment at the very least, which would require recalibrating the whole system. At the worst, part of the underground tunnels would collapse,... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | What would happen to the LHC if there was an earthquake in Geneva?
| [
0.12329069525003433,
-0.7857640981674194,
1.0041190385818481,
-1.453202247619629,
-1.05245840549469,
-0.3889603614807129,
0.6300088763237,
-0.10698863118886948,
-0.7268863320350647,
0.47745928168296814,
0.4691258370876312,
-0.29642245173454285,
-0.4575214087963104,
0.5780114531517029,
-0... | ||
6dnedv | Are there non continuous macroscopic physical quantities? | Temperature, speed, pressure, energy... are all continuous in any situation, to the best of my knowledge. Even square waves are in practice continuous. Do non continuous macroscopic physical quantities exist? Why or why not? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"di3zmw2",
"di41odz",
"di46sq7",
"di4g426",
"di3yen7"
],
"text": [
"Yes. Look at [this](_URL_0_) diagram of typical superconductor during phase transition.\n\nSuperconductivity is quantum effect but it can be seen on macroscopic scale because piece of superconductor can be of a... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Cvandrhovst.png/400px-Cvandrhovst.png"
]
} | Are there non continuous macroscopic physical quantities?
Temperature, speed, pressure, energy... are all continuous in any situation, to the best of my knowledge. Even square waves are in practice continuous. Do non continuous macroscopic physical quantities exist? Why or why not? | [
-0.48798590898513794,
-0.4888632595539093,
1.1004658937454224,
1.3266096115112305,
-0.6339216232299805,
-0.4954109191894531,
0.13092023134231567,
-0.24058277904987335,
0.4362133741378784,
-0.6192031502723694,
1.4157812595367432,
0.8434204459190369,
-0.9238219261169434,
-0.28654661774635315... | |
2ddnzz | Does Detox Tea actually do anything or is it bullshit? | I enjoy tea and try all different kinds. I purchased one called Detox. It tastes good but is the "detox of liver and kidneys" part just pseudoScience and Homeopath BS? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cjoo9ok",
"cjony5n",
"cjonn14",
"cjp2wo9"
],
"text": [
"A good rule of thumb is that if a product says that it removes toxins without telling what toxins are being removed from where, than the product is probably BS.\n\nI'm sure there are some exceptions, but I can't think of any.... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12197785"
]
} | Does Detox Tea actually do anything or is it bullshit?
I enjoy tea and try all different kinds. I purchased one called Detox. It tastes good but is the "detox of liver and kidneys" part just pseudoScience and Homeopath BS? | [
-0.43048903346061707,
-0.15766219794750214,
0.9978126883506775,
-0.0003873067325912416,
-0.8479282259941101,
-0.3481377959251404,
0.21234896779060364,
-0.6464967727661133,
1.0864267349243164,
0.3203499913215637,
0.6224408149719238,
1.136823058128357,
-1.1053026914596558,
0.9968575835227966... | |
129eeg | How much power do appliances or chargers use when not on? | Let's say you have a computer charger plugged into the wall, but no computer attached. Would this be drawing current or not? Would it cost any money? What if something is plugged in such as a T.V, but its not on. It that draining "power?" | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c6tgb2o",
"c6t999n",
"c6tfasr"
],
"text": [
"Consumption of devices while idle can vary wildly. Just measure it using a meter that costs about 20 USD. You would be surprised. For example, one fan I had was using 10 W while turned off (presumably to power the remote control sensor u... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.copper.org/environment/sustainable-energy/transformers/education/trans_losses.html"
]
} | How much power do appliances or chargers use when not on?
Let's say you have a computer charger plugged into the wall, but no computer attached. Would this be drawing current or not? Would it cost any money? What if something is plugged in such as a T.V, but its not on. It that draining "power?" | [
-0.25673907995224,
-0.5084298849105835,
0.07394499331712723,
0.006704180035740137,
-0.6610022783279419,
-0.4118356704711914,
0.13331963121891022,
-0.731414258480072,
0.17769986391067505,
0.6125989556312561,
0.6772868037223816,
0.7911096215248108,
-1.3487995862960815,
-0.07405964285135269,
... | |
6lcwvu | When we say "the electromagnetic interaction is mediated by photons", what's actually happening in terms of the wave function/Schroedinger's equation? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"djt58ie",
"djsvwcm",
"djszjcp",
"djtcq3x"
],
"text": [
"The statement that the photon is the mediating particle of the electromagnetic force means that the electromagnetic field which causes that force can be decomposed into objects called photons.\n\nThis is not something easy to... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Møller_scattering"
]
} | When we say "the electromagnetic interaction is mediated by photons", what's actually happening in terms of the wave function/Schroedinger's equation?
| [
-0.17293258011341095,
-0.6085546016693115,
0.673271894454956,
-0.16424112021923065,
-0.6025469899177551,
-0.7122805714607239,
1.0867573022842407,
0.18351751565933228,
0.5019727945327759,
-0.395508348941803,
0.6385623216629028,
0.8246847987174988,
-1.0175011157989502,
-0.128498837351799,
... | ||
40sdxm | Ask Anything Wednesday - Physics, Astronomy, Earth and Planetary Science | Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on **Physics, Astronomy, Earth and Planetary Science**
Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cywyq96",
"cywonjo",
"cywvir5",
"cyx3ba1",
"cywtb3r",
"cyx6mxo"
],
"text": [
"How scientifically significant is the fact that water is most dense at 4^o Celsius? In other words, the fact that there can be liquid water below the ice. \nIt seems to me that this property of... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/search?q=flair%3A%27meta%27&restrict_sr=on&sort=new&t=all",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/wiki/index#wiki_answering_askscience",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/3exo6p/askscience_panel_of_scientists_xiii/"
]
} | {
"url": [
"https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/40njih/how_do_we_know_that_the_universe_is_expanding_now/"
]
} | Ask Anything Wednesday - Physics, Astronomy, Earth and Planetary Science
Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on **Physics, Astronomy, Earth and Planetary Science** Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too specu... | [
-0.44144341349601746,
-0.504654586315155,
1.043596625328064,
-0.2559351325035095,
-0.574461042881012,
-0.9896713495254517,
0.029139764606952667,
-0.563826322555542,
0.35382238030433655,
0.09766313433647156,
0.504187285900116,
0.1162564754486084,
-0.5023185610771179,
0.5724055767059326,
0... | |
5ddeam | At what speed would I have to drive for the added drag of having my windows open offset the energy cost of the A/C? | [deleted] | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"da3ukk0",
"da3tpe9",
"da3rqi1",
"da3s6yl"
],
"text": [
"[This study](_URL_0_) did the test with a 2009 Toyota Corolla and 2009 Ford Explorer.\n\nThe corolla used less fuel with windows down compared to AC on for speeds less than about 80 mph. At speeds above 80 mph, you were bet... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://papers.sae.org/2013-01-0551/",
"http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/sites/www.nrcan.gc.ca/files/oee/images/ecoenergy/driving/avoid_high_speed.jpg",
"http://papers.sae.org/2013-01-0551/",
"http://www.sae.org/events/aars/presentations/2004-hill.pdf"
]
} | At what speed would I have to drive for the added drag of having my windows open offset the energy cost of the A/C?
[deleted] | [
-0.04484459012746811,
-0.2602844834327698,
0.4258839190006256,
-1.0392719507217407,
-0.6497292518615723,
-0.3406226634979248,
-0.009631973691284657,
-1.0662932395935059,
-0.002227209508419037,
0.11864988505840302,
0.502190351486206,
1.4597867727279663,
-0.48791617155075073,
-0.782341718673... | |
2cy8tl | Can biological activity be predicted from a drug's chemical structure? | I was reading on wikipedia that some countries ban drugs based on structural similarity to existing illegal substances. Is it really possible to definitively predict that two drugs will have similar effects due to their structure? Is there a general way that one can predict a drug's activity based on structural data al... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cjkaxci",
"cjkbnnc",
"cjkgnyg"
],
"text": [
"In general predicting a molecules biological activity based on structure alone is nearly impossible. Being able to predict which molecule will interact with a given protein in a particular fashion yielding a certain change in function may s... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Thalidomide-racemate2DCSD.svg",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisplatin",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ritonavir",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thalidomide",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cisplatin_and_transplatin.gif",
"www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov... | Can biological activity be predicted from a drug's chemical structure?
I was reading on wikipedia that some countries ban drugs based on structural similarity to existing illegal substances. Is it really possible to definitively predict that two drugs will have similar effects due to their structure? Is there a general... | [
0.20009879767894745,
-0.46708306670188904,
0.3756539523601532,
-0.29000771045684814,
-0.4209911823272705,
-1.0021823644638062,
0.885168731212616,
-0.8377980589866638,
0.6544684767723083,
0.29170677065849304,
0.22272782027721405,
0.6392985582351685,
-1.3536227941513062,
0.8696536421775818,
... | |
4m0w0v | AskScience AMA Series: I'm /u/themeaningofhaste and I'm helping to build a galactic-scale gravitational wave detector. Ask Me Anything! | Hi everyone!
I'm a pre-postdoctoral researcher working as a member of the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves ([NANOGrav](_URL_1_)) collaboration, whose goal is to detect low-frequency gravitational waves. Earlier this year, [LIGO announced the detection of gravitational waves](_URL_0_) but th... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"d3rma57",
"d3rm8zo",
"d3rngjb",
"d3rpm5a",
"d3rsgk8",
"d3rsnh9",
"d3ro89a",
"d3rru8m",
"d3rqahf",
"d3ruz8y",
"d3rqb77",
"d3rpyyc",
"d3ru85k",
"d3sewag",
"d3rwaq6",
"d3ry9zm",
"d3rzjri",
"d3rwqwc",
"d3ruhw8",
"d3rshqz",
"d... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/458vhd/gravitational_wave_megathread/",
"http://nanograv.org"
]
} | {
"url": []
} | AskScience AMA Series: I'm /u/themeaningofhaste and I'm helping to build a galactic-scale gravitational wave detector. Ask Me Anything!
Hi everyone! I'm a pre-postdoctoral researcher working as a member of the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves ([NANOGrav](_URL_1_)) collaboration, whose goal i... | [
-0.4976538419723511,
-0.26838219165802,
0.6754257678985596,
-0.9620327949523926,
-0.27522894740104675,
-0.587227463722229,
-0.05609318986535072,
0.09569685161113739,
0.7382394075393677,
-0.264415979385376,
0.2802225947380066,
0.24199257791042328,
-0.2330726981163025,
0.7828368544578552,
... | |
1bqtdi | Separating Creationism/New Earth Science From Conventional Scientific Theory | Alright, I'm going to try to explain this as clearly and comprehensively as I can, but I apologize in advance if this comes off a little rambly.
I am in a World Mythology class in college and we have been going over creation stories and flood tales from around the world and throughout history. Interwoven with this is ... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c9990ke",
"c997zn8",
"c997zm4",
"c99bntb",
"c997zex",
"c9988ch",
"c99bu4j"
],
"text": [
"Your professor is full of shit and it's unfortunate that a college is giving him or her a megaphone with which to spread misinformation.\n\n > There was an actual historical flood ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-16907261.html",
"http://www.unm.edu/~hkaplan/KaplanHillLancasterHurtado_2000_LHEvolution.pdf",
"http://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Global_flood",
"http://www.unm.edu/~hkaplan/KaplanHillLancasterHurtado_2000_LHEvolution.pdf",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumer... | Separating Creationism/New Earth Science From Conventional Scientific Theory
Alright, I'm going to try to explain this as clearly and comprehensively as I can, but I apologize in advance if this comes off a little rambly. I am in a World Mythology class in college and we have been going over creation stories and flood ... | [
0.026929432526230812,
-0.393343448638916,
0.35388386249542236,
-0.608762264251709,
-0.6328253149986267,
-0.3962165415287018,
0.0647064819931984,
-0.4050002694129944,
1.2476682662963867,
-0.12879905104637146,
0.7315921783447266,
0.48705726861953735,
0.2525072395801544,
1.2898932695388794,
... | |
m1ez6 | Do you know of any good studies in the field of music theory? | I have heard many theories on the scientific basis of [tonality](_URL_0_), but whenever I discuss it I have to admit that I cannot cite a single, solid, peer-reviewed study which offers any conclusive evidence for any argument. The (few) studies I have come across have had big holes in either their execution or relevan... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c2xbya3",
"c2xa9si",
"c2xbe3o",
"c2xec6w",
"c2xdjij"
],
"text": [
"Read the original \"On the Sensation of Tone\" by Herman Helmholz around the turn of the 19 - 20th centuries - the first deep analysis of the subject. I got my copy about 40 years ago from Dover books NY. Yes ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonality"
]
} | {
"url": [
"www.journalofguitaracoustics.com",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/musiccognition/",
"www.reddit.com/r/musiccognition/"
]
} | Do you know of any good studies in the field of music theory?
I have heard many theories on the scientific basis of [tonality](_URL_0_), but whenever I discuss it I have to admit that I cannot cite a single, solid, peer-reviewed study which offers any conclusive evidence for any argument. The (few) studies I have come ... | [
-0.08055590838193893,
-0.496578186750412,
0.6095131635665894,
0.4790055453777313,
-0.6036081910133362,
-0.21810340881347656,
0.16985444724559784,
-0.9953014254570007,
0.8893255591392517,
0.3237844407558441,
0.7036435008049011,
0.2725510001182556,
0.036319226026535034,
0.48900267481803894,
... | |
3sk47h | My good friend is a moon landing conspiracy theorist. What is the most compelling evidence we have of successfully landing on the moon? | I got into a bitter argument with my friend the other day, because he asserted that he believes the moon landings of the Apollo missions were staged, and filmed/manipulated in the form of a movie set/scene. His primary arguments were that the intense radiation of the Van Allen belts would not permit life to make a jou... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cwxx91f",
"cwxyc4l",
"cwxzoff",
"cwxxzse",
"cwy0zj5",
"cwxz7jm",
"cwy0edg",
"cwy659t",
"cwy4vsm",
"cwy1vm3",
"cwxzh6o",
"cwy94i7",
"cwy0sl0",
"cwyie6u",
"cwy3k9x"
],
"text": [
"Disclaimer: arguing with facts against a denialist is a losi... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon_rock#Classification",
"http://meteorites.wustl.edu/lunar/howdoweknow.htm",
"http://www.lroc.asu.edu/featured_sites/#ApolloLandingSites",
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sGXTF6bs1IU",
"https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=sGXTF6bs1IU",
"https://en.wikipe... | My good friend is a moon landing conspiracy theorist. What is the most compelling evidence we have of successfully landing on the moon?
I got into a bitter argument with my friend the other day, because he asserted that he believes the moon landings of the Apollo missions were staged, and filmed/manipulated in the form... | [
-0.10027515888214111,
-0.1822369545698166,
-0.04837610200047493,
-0.35525697469711304,
-0.5240106582641602,
-0.3218953609466553,
-0.46226683259010315,
-0.46164339780807495,
1.0208873748779297,
0.41554954648017883,
0.7498575448989868,
0.5661343932151794,
-0.6887062788009644,
0.9774973392486... | |
2n31aa | Does i^i have a fixed, real value? | Given that you can use the identity e^ix = cos(x) + isin(x) to prove that i^i is real (by letting x=pi/2 and raising both sides to the power of i) that would suggest that i^i = e^-pi/2, however since there are multiple values of x which could work just as well (5pi/2, for instance) and these would give different value... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cma4ejk",
"cma4i1y",
"cma4h1t"
],
"text": [
"Since we use the natural logarithm to calculate this exponential, and the natural logarithm is a multi-valued function, you should expect multiple solutions. i^i represents all of these values, so in a sense it's a set (e^(2pi k - pi/2) for... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multivalued_function"
]
} | Does i^i have a fixed, real value?
Given that you can use the identity e^ix = cos(x) + isin(x) to prove that i^i is real (by letting x=pi/2 and raising both sides to the power of i) that would suggest that i^i = e^-pi/2, however since there are multiple values of x which could work just as well (5pi/2, for instance) an... | [
-0.46157652139663696,
-0.2367175817489624,
1.0450210571289062,
0.46000203490257263,
-0.51503986120224,
-0.20742179453372955,
0.26559603214263916,
-0.8022583723068237,
0.28052806854248047,
-0.31344515085220337,
0.30142271518707275,
0.41280484199523926,
-1.1240935325622559,
-0.72315168380737... | |
1axwqz | AskScience Panel of Scientists VIII | **Calling all scientists!**
The previous thread got old and unwieldy, but is available [here](_URL_1_). If you are already on the panel - no worries - you'll stay! This thread is for **new** panelist recruitment!
We know that our last round of panelists took a long time to process. That's unacceptable, and we know th... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c91sxup",
"c91u0ad",
"c91utmk",
"c91u761",
"c91ts4g",
"c91vblz",
"c91ra1v",
"c91w88r",
"c91w5sd",
"c91x59u",
"c91xhd9",
"c95cccd",
"c9206t6",
"c91z1cj",
"c920088",
"c922fe5",
"c91zu50",
"c91x12k",
"c920vxy",
"c921me9",
"c... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/v1nta/when_and_why_human_society_decided_to_cover_human/c50j3da",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/149848/askscience_panel_of_scientists_vii/",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/s62nn/if_a_scenario_like_the_one_in_waterworld_ac... | {
"url": [
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/192lgh/is_sugar_really_as_addictive_as_cocaine_from_a/c8mg84b",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/19967b/why_do_smokers_lose_their_sense_of_smell/c8mfyiu",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1auei8/are_fish_in_tanksaquariums_awar... | AskScience Panel of Scientists VIII
**Calling all scientists!** The previous thread got old and unwieldy, but is available [here](_URL_1_). If you are already on the panel - no worries - you'll stay! This thread is for **new** panelist recruitment! We know that our last round of panelists took a long time to process. T... | [
0.12198783457279205,
-0.344214528799057,
0.7971762418746948,
-0.5354318618774414,
-0.7965447902679443,
-0.6762614846229553,
-0.3115400969982147,
-0.5995153784751892,
0.8662475347518921,
-0.5022228956222534,
0.40332409739494324,
0.05427292361855507,
0.14163869619369507,
1.4857970476150513,
... | |
9ugrgs | What happens to all the stuff from large experiments? | What do they do with all the materials from large experiments. For example, if a university builds a Tokamak reactor and then it runs out of funding or its usefulness has ended? Are there special scrappers that disassemble and recycle all the sensors and pipes and fittings? Something like the LHC must have over a mil... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"e94gzwy",
"e94iytr",
"e94rp1z",
"e954uhs"
],
"text": [
"Things are reused as much as they can be, but eventually they get decommissioned, and some of them become \"art\". If you go to these kinds of facilities, you'll often see old magnets, cavities, or other beamline elements lyi... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchrotron-Light_for_Experimental_Science_and_Applications_in_the_Middle_East",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BESSY",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon_g-2",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HERA_(particle_accelerator)",
"https://alps.desy.de/",
"htt... | What happens to all the stuff from large experiments?
What do they do with all the materials from large experiments. For example, if a university builds a Tokamak reactor and then it runs out of funding or its usefulness has ended? Are there special scrappers that disassemble and recycle all the sensors and pipes and f... | [
0.41050899028778076,
-0.466980516910553,
1.0094208717346191,
-0.40388596057891846,
-0.39350828528404236,
-0.8962878584861755,
-0.3313498795032501,
-0.8859357237815857,
0.2510150074958801,
0.1680297553539276,
0.6423647999763489,
0.3515598177909851,
-0.40965697169303894,
0.7603016495704651,
... | |
2uv08k | How can I prove gravitational time dilation? | Hello. I want to understand and be able to prove gravitational time dilation. And frankly many of the answers I have gotten from several forums just aren't good enough. Is there a way to explain it with field equations? Is there a way to explain it to me, so I can be able to explain it to people that aren't physics ner... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"coc00pv",
"coc0d9d",
"coc8ytr"
],
"text": [
"The way I would do it would be calculating the proper time along a strictly time-like curve in the Schwarzschild spacetime. Or in infinitesimal form :\ndtau/dt = Sqrt(1 - rs/r) \n\nwhere tau is the proper time between two given events and t... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | How can I prove gravitational time dilation?
Hello. I want to understand and be able to prove gravitational time dilation. And frankly many of the answers I have gotten from several forums just aren't good enough. Is there a way to explain it with field equations? Is there a way to explain it to me, so I can be able to... | [
-0.2506808042526245,
-0.20872245728969574,
0.9357189536094666,
0.6587706804275513,
-1.0000874996185303,
-0.2180953025817871,
0.0257184486836195,
-0.9439985156059265,
0.8763284087181091,
0.29176318645477295,
0.614538848400116,
0.3896961510181427,
-0.3360615670681,
0.3919263780117035,
-0.0... | |
lvz16 | Are there any properties of life that are considered "givens" when postulating about extraterrestrial life? | Some aspects of life as we know it, such as photosynthesis, are so prevalent on earth that it seems safe to assume they would be observed in life elsewhere. Are there any other givens such as this? And what about partial similarities? I've heard that specific microbes have arsenic instead of adenine in their DNA... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c2w2453",
"c2w104z",
"c2w0tsb",
"c2w2lig",
"c2w0wyb",
"c2w28af",
"c2w1wzv",
"c2w22kd",
"c2w0ws8",
"c2w2989"
],
"text": [
"On Earth, there are about 8 properties of life that something must meet before it's classified as a living thing:\n\n* Reproduces\n* Ad... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21127214",
"http://www.sciencemag.org/content/332/6034/1149.2.short",
"http://www.sciencemag.org/content/332/6034/1149.7.short",
"http://www.sciencemag.org/content/332/6034/1136.short",
"http://www.sciencemag.org/content/332/6034/1149.8.short",
"h... | Are there any properties of life that are considered "givens" when postulating about extraterrestrial life?
Some aspects of life as we know it, such as photosynthesis, are so prevalent on earth that it seems safe to assume they would be observed in life elsewhere. Are there any other givens such as this? And what about... | [
-0.3025771379470825,
-0.13181859254837036,
0.6255236864089966,
-0.3494226038455963,
-0.5675626397132874,
-0.6048558354377747,
0.6732833981513977,
-0.9243964552879333,
0.15755198895931244,
-0.3568822741508484,
1.227766752243042,
0.18837693333625793,
-1.509468913078308,
0.6918700933456421,
... | |
ngcux | Has there been any research on sense of time? | I know sometimes hours feel like minutes (thanks reddit) and other times things seem to take for ever.
Concentration seems like an obvious factor and I'm sure psychological effects must play a part.
Also, I wonder if smaller or bigger animals have a different sense of time.
Has there been any research of a sense o... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c38w30c",
"c38wajb",
"c38vhn2",
"c38vzwq"
],
"text": [
"Michio Kaku hosted a show on BBC Four about Time and one of the topics were about perception of time. Here is a link to it: [_URL_0_](_URL_0_)",
"There are various proposed mechanisms for time perception, but we basically... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RjlpamhrId8",
"http://www.springerlink.com/content/ex426p0569668110/",
"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364661307002549",
"http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/364/1525/1933.full",
"http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/conte... | Has there been any research on sense of time?
I know sometimes hours feel like minutes (thanks reddit) and other times things seem to take for ever. Concentration seems like an obvious factor and I'm sure psychological effects must play a part. Also, I wonder if smaller or bigger animals have a different sense of time.... | [
0.08953125774860382,
-0.4009176194667816,
1.0756651163101196,
-0.030274920165538788,
-0.5100995302200317,
0.060519590973854065,
-0.5837126970291138,
-1.0081475973129272,
0.7069791555404663,
-0.44362467527389526,
1.379936933517456,
0.15920843183994293,
-0.4592203199863434,
0.604222297668457... | |
11g837 | Humans have huge brains. It's that the only thing we have going for us? | I am always fascinated by the feats some animals can do, their amazing senses and evolution and adaptations. So... Besides our brains, do humans have any other kick-ass things that other animals would be jealous of? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c6m6quv",
"c6m6rbh",
"c6m6xah",
"c6m8tmc",
"c6m9pju",
"c6mchn4",
"c6m85m4",
"c6ma729"
],
"text": [
"We sweat! This gives us very impressive endurance compared to most of the animal kingdom.",
"opposable thumbs, though some other animals have this as well.",
... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persistence_hunting",
"http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2080050/Now-thats-chim-PAN-zee-Meet-monkey-fry-burgers.html",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_culture",
"http://www.eva.mpg.de/psycho/pdf/Publications_2007_PDF/Shared_intentionality_07.pdf",
... | Humans have huge brains. It's that the only thing we have going for us?
I am always fascinated by the feats some animals can do, their amazing senses and evolution and adaptations. So... Besides our brains, do humans have any other kick-ass things that other animals would be jealous of? | [
0.1535283774137497,
-0.37804633378982544,
0.9247857332229614,
0.5148203372955322,
-0.6448469161987305,
-0.2099720537662506,
-0.28740936517715454,
-0.9556723237037659,
0.30199652910232544,
0.04080478474497795,
0.9587643146514893,
0.36098650097846985,
-0.5955790281295776,
0.41259512305259705... | |
4gcyih | AskScience AMA Series: I'm Alexis Kaushansky, a Principal Investigator at the Center for Infectious Disease Research in Seattle, WA. I research malaria and the interactions between host and pathogens. I’m excited to talk to you about it. AMA! | Hello Reddit!
My name is Alexis Kaushansky and I serve as a principal investigator at the Center for Infectious Disease Research. My research studies the interactions between humans and pathogens, with a particular focus on malaria. The malaria parasite and other infectious diseases that burden the world cannot surv... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"d2gg3u5",
"d2gf70x",
"d2ggzjn",
"d2gft48",
"d2ggkmb",
"d2gflgj",
"d2gg5vs",
"d2gfvit",
"d2ggppi",
"d2ggc2f",
"d2ghaao",
"d2gfw80",
"d2gj07p",
"d2ghslb",
"d2ggsrl",
"d2ghlt7",
"d2glr4i",
"d2gn0jf",
"d2ggcw2",
"d2gga68",
"d... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://twitter.com/CIDResearch/status/724627998725443584",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26612952",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25648263",
"www.cidresearch.org"
]
} | {
"url": [
"http://aac.asm.org/content/58/8/4504.full",
"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/352/6283/349.full"
]
} | AskScience AMA Series: I'm Alexis Kaushansky, a Principal Investigator at the Center for Infectious Disease Research in Seattle, WA. I research malaria and the interactions between host and pathogens. I’m excited to talk to you about it. AMA!
Hello Reddit! My name is Alexis Kaushansky and I serve as a principal investi... | [
-0.4909096360206604,
-0.1792060136795044,
0.25804173946380615,
-0.27711325883865356,
-1.2666786909103394,
-0.586069643497467,
0.6511591672897339,
-0.28370150923728943,
1.1872299909591675,
-0.26156753301620483,
0.9457665681838989,
-0.1734030395746231,
-0.9670071601867676,
1.7032277584075928... | |
15f8um | If teleportation will be available for human transportation, will the individual that "arrives" at a certain location be the same but not the original that "departed" from another location? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c7m7svv",
"c7lyhgx",
"c7m0ite",
"c7lzjdz",
"c7m1dyz",
"c7m4y8i"
],
"text": [
"Honestly, I think that in the future teleportation will be an antiquated idea. Why would you need to teleport anywhere when you can communicate/see/do/interact with anything over the internet in ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rebel_Flesh"
]
} | If teleportation will be available for human transportation, will the individual that "arrives" at a certain location be the same but not the original that "departed" from another location?
| [
0.08815436065196991,
-0.09942228347063065,
0.3774687647819519,
0.0419156551361084,
0.13470108807086945,
0.11271020025014877,
1.1748031377792358,
-0.947344958782196,
0.021158194169402122,
-0.4693690240383148,
0.28369131684303284,
0.362019419670105,
-0.6942101716995239,
-0.4184216558933258,
... | ||
pueps | Glass (Window Kind); Supercooled Liquid or just Amorphous Solid? (Repost from AskReddit due to lacking answers) | My science, (Physics), teacher keeps spouting off that glass is a supercooled liquid and that it flows over time. Now I heard in a podcast, (The RT Podcast to be exact, from Burnie), that this is just an urban myth. Recently I have been doing rather a lot of research into this to try and better inform myself and some o... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c3sdr1u",
"c3sbsh4",
"c3sfhcu"
],
"text": [
"Hiya. I'm an expert in glasses!\n\nSo, glass isn't really a supercooled liquid. It is an amorphous solid. But your teacher is partially right. \n\nGlass is made by the melting of a solid. For conventional glass, that solid is sand, but it c... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass#Glass_versus_supercooled_liquid",
"http://dwb.unl.edu/teacher/nsf/c01/c01links/www.ualberta.ca/~bderksen/florin.html",
"http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/General/Glass/glass.html",
"http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=fact-fiction-glass-l... | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitch_drop_experiment",
"http://www.americanglassresearch.com/",
"http://www.glassonline.com/site/"
]
} | Glass (Window Kind); Supercooled Liquid or just Amorphous Solid? (Repost from AskReddit due to lacking answers)
My science, (Physics), teacher keeps spouting off that glass is a supercooled liquid and that it flows over time. Now I heard in a podcast, (The RT Podcast to be exact, from Burnie), that this is just an urba... | [
0.05487791448831558,
0.046719178557395935,
0.6745920181274414,
-0.1489505171775818,
-0.6643125414848328,
-0.481464147567749,
-0.03342486917972565,
-0.1837419867515564,
0.9164566397666931,
0.4768741726875305,
0.3703279495239258,
0.3598383665084839,
0.1720147430896759,
0.871280312538147,
-... | |
25a81y | I just finished reading Stephen Hawking's 1988 book, A Brief History of Time. What has changed since then? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"chf7m7y",
"chfaeny",
"chfcfi6",
"chfi3yg"
],
"text": [
"In the nineties it was discovered that the expansion of the universe is accelerating, ruling out a few of the cosmological scenarios, like the closed universe, that he discussed.",
"I also remember that he predicted that ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_neutrino_problem"
]
} | I just finished reading Stephen Hawking's 1988 book, A Brief History of Time. What has changed since then?
| [
-0.1333605945110321,
-0.6512951254844666,
0.4855045974254608,
-1.2028000354766846,
0.5556911826133728,
-0.38195961713790894,
-0.3303739130496979,
-0.02736036106944084,
1.0554537773132324,
-0.04576263204216957,
1.0963757038116455,
0.6719763875007629,
1.0633748769760132,
0.6416800022125244,
... | ||
16lh2e | Why did the world "like" become so prevalent in our modern, casual English language? | Although it's more popular among pubescents who might not be confident in their speaking, when and how did the word permeate so deep into our conversations?
"I was like..."
"But like, it's like, I don't know!" | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c7x5wg9",
"c7xai4e",
"c7xela6",
"c7xb3wv",
"c7xc1io"
],
"text": [
"\"Winston tastes good like a cigarette should\" was the slogan for Winston from the mid 50s thru the 60s. That campaign was largely responsible for 'like' replacing 'as' in the vernacular. \n\nIn the early 80s ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.reddit.com/r/AskSocialScience/comments/13kusm/what_are_the_origins_of_the_misuse_of_the_word/c74wc4i",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Like#As_a_discourse_particle.2C_filler.2C_hedge.2C_or_speech_disfluency",
"http://jos.oxfordjournals.org/content/19/1/35.short"
]
} | Why did the world "like" become so prevalent in our modern, casual English language?
Although it's more popular among pubescents who might not be confident in their speaking, when and how did the word permeate so deep into our conversations? "I was like..." "But like, it's like, I don't know!" | [
-0.70946204662323,
-0.6620213389396667,
0.8448405265808105,
-0.8896569609642029,
-0.31913313269615173,
-0.5046718120574951,
-0.2107270359992981,
-1.0000696182250977,
0.33426564931869507,
0.18765076994895935,
0.644115149974823,
0.4959515333175659,
0.09655115008354187,
1.0054367780685425,
... | |
9wq15z | What does it mean to "burn out a motor," exactly? | I have an ice cream maker and the manual has several warnings about not letting it run for too long. In particular, I'm not supposed to let the ice cream freeze to the point where it stops the mixing blade from moving since this will cause damage to the motor.
So today I've done that, and there's strong burnt smell co... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"e9mjp5l",
"e9mm4h8",
"e9nd8f8",
"e9ok8td"
],
"text": [
"Means it heated up to the point the insulation on the wires melts and burns. Continue and the wires will short out and it’s ruined. It may also have got so hot that the case around the motor brushes is melting.",
"Quite ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | What does it mean to "burn out a motor," exactly?
I have an ice cream maker and the manual has several warnings about not letting it run for too long. In particular, I'm not supposed to let the ice cream freeze to the point where it stops the mixing blade from moving since this will cause damage to the motor. So today ... | [
0.09165668487548828,
-0.32506534457206726,
0.25393378734588623,
-0.4294090270996094,
-0.7284985780715942,
-0.1660505086183548,
0.05809628218412399,
-0.5436715483665466,
1.2295374870300293,
0.40924111008644104,
0.871597945690155,
0.26896509528160095,
-0.4768902063369751,
1.110184669494629,
... | |
1r1xxj | Are we 100 % sure that the matter is made of atoms , the atoms made of protons, electrons and neutrons ect... ? | I mean seriously , how did we even deduce such things ? How did it ever come to somebody's mind ? And how could we calculate the number of electrons of each element ?
And most of all , how could we calculate each of these particles' mass if they are so small ? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cdir7gf",
"cdir6fh",
"cdirad3",
"cdiyswc",
"cdj6vr7",
"cdj5r5l",
"cdiyefe",
"cdj00dm"
],
"text": [
"First of all, inventing a way to describe how stuff works in terms of atoms, gravity, spacetime, or other such models requires the same kind of creativity as inventi... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalton%27s_atomic_theory#Atomic_theory",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tests_of_general_relativity#Perihelion_precession_of_Mercury",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tests_of_general_relativity#Deflection_of_light_by_the_Sun",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pu... | Are we 100 % sure that the matter is made of atoms , the atoms made of protons, electrons and neutrons ect... ?
I mean seriously , how did we even deduce such things ? How did it ever come to somebody's mind ? And how could we calculate the number of electrons of each element ? And most of all , how could we calculate ... | [
0.021772949025034904,
-0.3673536777496338,
0.7406638264656067,
0.8217379450798035,
-0.3264700770378113,
-0.43722835183143616,
0.09582454711198807,
-0.7013142108917236,
0.8384100198745728,
-0.4676792323589325,
0.9842789173126221,
0.5217574834823608,
-1.4171369075775146,
0.15368546545505524,... | |
5ruu8g | Has a particle physics result that reached 3-sigma subsequently not reached 5-sigma and been abandoned? | Famously, the higgs boson result was confirmed when the chances that the higgs finding was not real was no more than 1 in a very large number (5-sigma). Recent news articles on CP violation have reached 3-sigma. Has there been a promising result that got to 3 or 4 sigma, only to never get to 5-sigma significance? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"ddadh6u",
"ddadma7",
"ddaef6p"
],
"text": [
"Yes, for example the diphoton bump at 750 gev at CERN. It reached statistical significance of 3.5 sigma, but nee data showed it was just a fluctuation. If it was not a statistical fluctuation it would have needed physics outside the standa... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/750_GeV_diphoton_excess?wprov=sfla1",
"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1503.03290v3.pdf",
"https://arxiv.org/abs/1112.0938",
"http://indico.cern.ch/event/432527/contributions/2207037/attachments/1320513/1980135/ichep_atlas_stop.pdf",
"https://cds.cern.ch/record/22... | Has a particle physics result that reached 3-sigma subsequently not reached 5-sigma and been abandoned?
Famously, the higgs boson result was confirmed when the chances that the higgs finding was not real was no more than 1 in a very large number (5-sigma). Recent news articles on CP violation have reached 3-sigma. Has ... | [
0.04799967259168625,
-0.4420597553253174,
0.9493414759635925,
-0.20110483467578888,
-0.776388943195343,
-0.3326745927333832,
0.05737841874361038,
-1.061172604560852,
0.23362095654010773,
0.5630561709403992,
0.4438025951385498,
-0.13644368946552277,
-0.4620530307292938,
0.8045423030853271,
... | |
o88rn | [x-post from r/WTF] found 300m from a Russian oil rig site. it consumes anything and everything that comes in contact with it... wtf is it?? | _URL_0_
pic above | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c3f6s5j",
"c3f6b6g",
"c3f6xgb",
"c3f6f20"
],
"text": [
"after a bit of research and asking around, all that we're seeing here is something called a frac-out, which is the drilling mud used, mainly, in shales. This mud is used for lubrication when drilling and can also be used in t... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://imgur.com/a/LHrIB"
]
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.energy.ca.gov/sitingcases/smud/documents/applicants_files/Data_Response_Set-1Q/APPENDIX_C_FRAC_OUT_PLAN3.PDF",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-Newtonian_fluid",
"http://www.epmag.com/archives/features/3677.htm",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyethylene_glycol",
"http://w... | [x-post from r/WTF] found 300m from a Russian oil rig site. it consumes anything and everything that comes in contact with it... wtf is it??
_URL_0_ pic above | [
-0.20294241607189178,
-0.681374728679657,
-0.2706301212310791,
0.013841009698808193,
-0.46993619203567505,
-0.42550745606422424,
-0.46224018931388855,
0.3835016191005707,
0.7616260051727295,
0.269988477230072,
0.6311196684837341,
0.6282323002815247,
-0.4095272421836853,
0.6567593812942505,... | |
42av75 | What's going on with technetium? | Technetium, with 43 protons/electrons, is the first element in the periodic table with *no* stable isotopes. But it's surrounded by perfectly normal elements, the next smallest completely unstable element is promethium, which is a lanthanide, and radioactive elements don't start coming with any frequency until polonium... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cz921se",
"cz90nin",
"cz90b9y",
"cz98y14",
"cz90f7u",
"cz94sz9",
"cz94aum",
"cz93fo2"
],
"text": [
"This is actually a physics question. There a multiple things happening here. First, there are an odd number of protons. Protons/neutrons like to pair up. This is... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-empirical_mass_formula",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_number_\\(physics\\)",
"http://physics.stackexchange.com/a/40990",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technetium#Isotopes",
"http://www.dommelen.net/quantum2/style_a/img3381.gif",
"https://... | What's going on with technetium?
Technetium, with 43 protons/electrons, is the first element in the periodic table with *no* stable isotopes. But it's surrounded by perfectly normal elements, the next smallest completely unstable element is promethium, which is a lanthanide, and radioactive elements don't start coming ... | [
-0.35583779215812683,
-0.9336118102073669,
0.5263986587524414,
-0.026717713102698326,
-0.4209435284137726,
-1.0032578706741333,
-0.5376579761505127,
-1.177991509437561,
0.6669973731040955,
0.2444257140159607,
1.0010366439819336,
-0.004654646851122379,
-0.867982029914856,
0.9071813821792603... | |
1013kk | How do helicopters and VTOL craft in general not get caught in their own "bad" air when in hover mode? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c69grn8",
"c69gyzd",
"c69hkwg",
"c69nq2s",
"c69p60n"
],
"text": [
"They can and do. It's called a [Vortex Ring State](_URL_0_), a condition in which the aircraft gets caught in its own downwash, causing it to fall despite applying full power (also known as \"settling with powe... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vortex_ring_state",
"http://www.military.com/NewContent/0,13190,NI_Myth_0904,00.html"
]
} | How do helicopters and VTOL craft in general not get caught in their own "bad" air when in hover mode?
| [
-0.4870412349700928,
-0.05084366351366043,
0.9180541038513184,
-0.04187442734837532,
-0.8032106757164001,
-0.8517773151397705,
0.20927034318447113,
-0.9844921827316284,
0.24981600046157837,
-0.035549625754356384,
1.0179330110549927,
0.2357662320137024,
-0.4366435706615448,
0.04188744351267... | ||
2rr3ip | If I ate 10,000 calories in one go, would my body be able to digest it all? Or would some of those calories 'pass through' due to my digestive system being overwhelmed? | I get that if I ate an extra 1,000 calories a day, my body would be able to handle those calories and they'd be turned into energy/fat etc. But what if I went crazy and ate 10,000 in one go. Would it affect me in the same way as if I'd eaten 1,000 extra calories each day for 10 days? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cnivaoc",
"cniqe2z",
"cniuwa2",
"cniv1iz",
"cnirrdj",
"cnisv53",
"cnivvu7",
"cnj25fb",
"cnj40so",
"cnj4ta7",
"cnji08w",
"cnjh2pp",
"cnjzbqw",
"cnjfuj9"
],
"text": [
"Current microbiologist, future dietitian here:\n\nYes, some of those calori... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/86/3/531.full",
"http://www.bicycling.com/tour-de-france-archives/2011-tour-de-france/eating-tour-de-france",
"http://www.michaelphelps.net/michael-phelps-diet/",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Phelps"
]
} | If I ate 10,000 calories in one go, would my body be able to digest it all? Or would some of those calories 'pass through' due to my digestive system being overwhelmed?
I get that if I ate an extra 1,000 calories a day, my body would be able to handle those calories and they'd be turned into energy/fat etc. But what if... | [
0.2985933721065521,
-0.6758899092674255,
0.7702249884605408,
-0.18437176942825317,
-0.19691729545593262,
-0.0465087927877903,
-0.003177414881065488,
-1.1342374086380005,
0.07298607379198074,
0.00508139980956912,
0.9924657940864563,
0.7215803265571594,
-1.017885684967041,
0.3643620312213897... | |
19yzh1 | Why can't you build an ideal filter? | Just to try it, in the past I have taken the FFT of a signal, nulled out the undesirable frequency components, and then took the inverse FFT. However, this process seems to introduce new noise in the time domain signal that wasn't there before. I know you can't build an ideal filter, but I'm wondering why. Is it becaus... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c8sm85k",
"c8sni29",
"c8sohhw"
],
"text": [
"The frequencies of the FFT are not \"the frequencies in the signal\" in an absolute sense - they are just one set of frequencies that can be combined to recreate the original (out of many other possible combinations).\n\nTo use a direct ana... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Why can't you build an ideal filter?
Just to try it, in the past I have taken the FFT of a signal, nulled out the undesirable frequency components, and then took the inverse FFT. However, this process seems to introduce new noise in the time domain signal that wasn't there before. I know you can't build an ideal filter... | [
0.06155044957995415,
-0.6116520166397095,
0.43259426951408386,
-0.3618505299091339,
-0.6864132285118103,
-0.1948273777961731,
0.18343544006347656,
-0.6079889535903931,
1.030765414237976,
0.7210378646850586,
1.0509876012802124,
0.32564568519592285,
-0.49111834168434143,
0.44663098454475403,... | |
9zgrem | Can anyone help me settle a chemistry debate with my wife? | My daughter sometimes wets the bed in the middle of the night, but our neighbors kept complaining about doing laundry at night, so now we have to wait until morning.
My wife is insistent that we not use bleach because urine has ammonia and everyone knows mixing bleach and ammonia is bad.
I think we should use blea... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"ea9djor",
"ea9dzl8",
"ea9ci04",
"ea9b9wj",
"ea9eqa2"
],
"text": [
"When you mix bleach and ammonia they react to form chloramines which are highly toxic\n\nBleach is used in laundry primarily because it whitens stains. Bleaching damages the fabric and shortens its life. \n\nYo... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://www.hunker.com/13422713/how-to-use-ammonia-in-the-laundry"
]
} | Can anyone help me settle a chemistry debate with my wife?
My daughter sometimes wets the bed in the middle of the night, but our neighbors kept complaining about doing laundry at night, so now we have to wait until morning. My wife is insistent that we not use bleach because urine has ammonia and everyone knows mixing... | [
-0.15338853001594543,
-0.23411384224891663,
0.1953636109828949,
-0.41331085562705994,
-0.741838812828064,
-0.3407779335975647,
-0.3471623659133911,
-0.2760756313800812,
1.2106786966323853,
0.5912227034568787,
0.4249383807182312,
0.4957585632801056,
-0.3067220151424408,
1.2412891387939453,
... | |
nczcg | AskScience AMA Series: Speech Processing | Ever wondered why your word processor *still* has trouble transcribing your speech? Why you can't just walk up to an ATM and ask it for money? Why it is so difficult to remove background noise in a mobile phone conversation? **We are electronic engineers / scientists performing research into a variety of aspects of spe... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c385jfz",
"c384hba",
"c384v3v",
"c3871rm",
"c385pj5",
"c385xf2",
"c38729e",
"c386gv1",
"c385xi6",
"c3869ck",
"c3849a8",
"c384b6f",
"c384fxf"
],
"text": [
"How come Speech Software doesn't seem to need training anymore? (At least on Siri or Andro... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9mMJvzZq4hA",
"http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mathworks.com%2Fmatlabcentral%2Ffileexchange%2F19236-some-basic-audio-features%2Fcontent%2FDocumentation.html&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNGylAjxjXxXIzD0d0MPEiIY29a-YQ"
]
} | AskScience AMA Series: Speech Processing
Ever wondered why your word processor *still* has trouble transcribing your speech? Why you can't just walk up to an ATM and ask it for money? Why it is so difficult to remove background noise in a mobile phone conversation? **We are electronic engineers / scientists performing ... | [
-0.4328707754611969,
-0.22365868091583252,
-0.03169756755232811,
0.2890043556690216,
-0.22884726524353027,
0.22948937118053436,
-0.011308161541819572,
-0.4308471083641052,
0.6225080490112305,
-0.2410474717617035,
0.6589462161064148,
0.34959620237350464,
-0.5291292667388916,
0.2577204406261... | |
lrlin | are human senses processed continuously or as a rapid series of inputs? | using vision as an example, do we see things picture by picture by picture, like a tv displays video? or is it a smooth continuum of information?
| askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c2v2msn",
"c2v33mm",
"c2v51om",
"c2v51bv",
"c2v2c09",
"c2x3pem",
"c2v2xba"
],
"text": [
"That is not easy question to answer because there are many stages to 'processing'. \n\nI will talk specifically about vision as what I have experience in but it should hold true fo... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=xdIvItuvXLsC&pg=PA170&lpg=PA170&dq=multiple+looks+hearing&source=bl&ots=S59vxc6NMb&sig=O2b___CuIQo4GK-PBAfvaXO8aVI&hl=en&ei=N4OqTuK9NYL88QO9t5i2Cw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&... | are human senses processed continuously or as a rapid series of inputs?
using vision as an example, do we see things picture by picture by picture, like a tv displays video? or is it a smooth continuum of information? | [
-0.20396804809570312,
-0.4181884229183197,
1.2414497137069702,
0.4222536087036133,
-0.4460982084274292,
-0.13455171883106232,
0.012392858974635601,
-0.17162251472473145,
0.22030600905418396,
-0.8535544276237488,
1.3127601146697998,
0.6989468932151794,
-0.3925034999847412,
0.200960054993629... | |
6g5e8q | What do physicists do in Antartica? | I understand that there is a scientific community down in Antartica. But to my underdtanding, the majority of the science that goes down down there is biology. I assume that every field has its place, as it does everywhere. But what tyoe of experimetation and research goes on for the physics community down in Antartica... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"dinokn7",
"dinqkho",
"diobvgd"
],
"text": [
"There are a number of telescopes at the South Pole, the biggest being the South Pole Telescope, and others such as BICEP2 (or are they up to 3 now?), which was in the news a few years ago for a big discovery that turned to be dust. There is... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://klotza.blogspot.com/2016/04/strange-moments-in-science-theft-of.html",
"http://pal.lternet.edu/research/components-labs/physical-oceanography",
"http://aspect.antarctica.gov.au/",
"http://www.antarcticglaciers.org/"
]
} | What do physicists do in Antartica?
I understand that there is a scientific community down in Antartica. But to my underdtanding, the majority of the science that goes down down there is biology. I assume that every field has its place, as it does everywhere. But what tyoe of experimetation and research goes on for the... | [
-0.7534984350204468,
-0.7401099801063538,
0.5629982948303223,
-0.2242497056722641,
-0.7603669762611389,
-1.4539419412612915,
-0.11478354036808014,
-0.32389500737190247,
0.32942259311676025,
0.07005807012319565,
0.8006501197814941,
0.20895610749721527,
-0.5434759855270386,
1.172963261604309... | |
vwae5 | Is it true that glass "runs"? | I have heard that glass is a very slow-moving liquid that can actually "run" over time. Is there any truth to this? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c589dnv",
"c588701",
"c588hxe"
],
"text": [
"Hiya. I'm an expert in glasses!\n\nSo, glass isn't really a supercooled liquid. It is an amorphous solid.\n\nGlass is made by the melting of a solid. For conventional glass, that solid is sand, but it can be many other things depending on w... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitch_drop_experiment",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitch_drop_experiment"
]
} | Is it true that glass "runs"?
I have heard that glass is a very slow-moving liquid that can actually "run" over time. Is there any truth to this? | [
-0.7753522992134094,
-0.8345072865486145,
0.92887282371521,
0.8716161847114563,
-0.5264015197753906,
-0.46416887640953064,
-0.07371536642313004,
-0.4153216481208801,
0.5991596579551697,
0.5296522974967957,
1.3513342142105103,
0.15651188790798187,
-0.24531753361225128,
-0.3895343840122223,
... | |
5m68zo | AskScience AMA Series: I am Seth Shostak, senior astronomer at the SETI institute. Ask Me Anything! | I'm [Seth Shostak](_URL_1_users/seth-shostak), Senior Astronomer at the [SETI Institute](_URL_1_), and I've bet anyone a cup of coffee that we'll find convincing proof that the aliens are out there within two decades.
I'm involved in the modern search for intelligent life in the cosmos. I have degrees in physics and a... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"dc15zks",
"dc137oy",
"dc13m0u",
"dc1cj3t",
"dc146fp",
"dc149qm",
"dc136p8",
"dc15uaj",
"dc15mks",
"dc13vzg",
"dc13vt9",
"dc16f72",
"dc13yr9",
"dc13ytv",
"dc15uvm",
"dc14foi",
"dc14xfh",
"dc13swv",
"dc144yi",
"dc17pys",
"d... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.bigpicturescience.org",
"http://www.seti.org/",
"http://www.seti.org/users/seth-shostak",
"http://www.nbcnews.com/mach/space/are-we-ancient-aliens-n695456"
]
} | {
"url": [
"http://setiathome.berkeley.edu/",
"http://i.imgur.com/wEXD1Db.png",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KIC_8462852",
"http://www.seti.org/post-detection.html",
"http://www.seti.org/faq"
]
} | AskScience AMA Series: I am Seth Shostak, senior astronomer at the SETI institute. Ask Me Anything!
I'm [Seth Shostak](_URL_1_users/seth-shostak), Senior Astronomer at the [SETI Institute](_URL_1_), and I've bet anyone a cup of coffee that we'll find convincing proof that the aliens are out there within two decades. I'... | [
-0.3849792778491974,
-0.4335945248603821,
0.9105107188224792,
-0.6880123019218445,
-0.6690632700920105,
-0.5271508097648621,
-0.5642105340957642,
-0.1593957394361496,
0.5145775079727173,
-0.02855870872735977,
0.4986116290092468,
0.9614682793617249,
-0.3071258068084717,
0.9645115733146667,
... | |
1f4fxm | Was looking up at the starless suburban sky last night and realized I don't get how light pollution works. Can anyone explain? | I've searched around a bit online now and have found some explanations of what it is, but not really how it works. If anyone can explain in further detail I'd greatly appreciate it. Some things I'm wondering are:
Is it a permanent effect created by the lights, or would it instantly go away if they were all turned off?... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"ca6s32k",
"ca6rmme",
"ca6rubd"
],
"text": [
"> Is it a permanent effect created by the lights, or would it instantly go away if they were all turned off?\n\nIt would instantly go away. About a decade ago I lived just south of downtown Chicago when there was a massive city-wide power ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.darksky.org/",
"http://www.blue-marble.de/nightlights/2012"
]
} | Was looking up at the starless suburban sky last night and realized I don't get how light pollution works. Can anyone explain?
I've searched around a bit online now and have found some explanations of what it is, but not really how it works. If anyone can explain in further detail I'd greatly appreciate it. Some things... | [
0.08986633270978928,
-0.5573013424873352,
0.44673460721969604,
-0.1540476381778717,
-0.5950610637664795,
-0.42849430441856384,
0.08898970484733582,
-0.5943036675453186,
0.6228742599487305,
0.7149962186813354,
0.5372946858406067,
0.7094076871871948,
-0.3771272599697113,
0.6805166602134705,
... | |
pkw5p | AskScience AMA Series- IAMA neuroscientist working on the genetic and cellular basis of eating disorders-related behavior | Hello all! I'm a third-year postdoctoral fellow working in a translational neuroscience lab studying the physiological bases of eating disorders. I have also worked on the blood-brain barrier for my thesis work and can speak to the way that compounds get into your brain, some general brain function questions and cros... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c3q6nty",
"c3q6ins",
"c3q790e",
"c3q6o13",
"c3q71nu",
"c3qaovs",
"c3q6o35",
"c3qagdf",
"c3q79iu",
"c3q72qf",
"c3q6sin",
"c3q73a4",
"c3qca3j",
"c3q7gcg",
"c3qbj3b",
"c3qbh5x",
"c3q8m7m",
"c3qcjof",
"c3q7qx2",
"c3q79yh",
"c... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | AskScience AMA Series- IAMA neuroscientist working on the genetic and cellular basis of eating disorders-related behavior
Hello all! I'm a third-year postdoctoral fellow working in a translational neuroscience lab studying the physiological bases of eating disorders. I have also worked on the blood-brain barrier for my... | [
-0.026462435722351074,
-0.3834993243217468,
1.0138851404190063,
-0.4932808578014374,
-0.3296794295310974,
-0.05899675562977791,
-0.24733829498291016,
-0.5551519393920898,
0.847872793674469,
0.567130446434021,
0.7998799681663513,
0.4662586748600006,
-0.17079435288906097,
1.0694037675857544,... | |
q03be | Is the force required to unscrew a jar directly proportional to the energy used in screwing it shut? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c3tlxt9",
"c3tmuo2",
"c3tnkzy",
"c3tmnbc",
"c3topq3"
],
"text": [
"My answer would be no because there might be a vacuum in the jar which would increase the force required to remove the lid",
"It's probably less, not sure about porportional. When you tighten the lid, you'r... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Is the force required to unscrew a jar directly proportional to the energy used in screwing it shut?
| [
-0.2068600058555603,
-0.5525349378585815,
-0.0329325832426548,
-0.06692256033420563,
-0.23632670938968658,
-0.7591733336448669,
0.663921594619751,
-0.31767866015434265,
0.49605318903923035,
-0.3743317723274231,
0.6656355261802673,
0.7394512891769409,
-0.5605334639549255,
-0.265666633844375... | ||
pkps6 | What happened to speed of light discussion? Was there a mistake or do we still not know? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c3q4w6q",
"c3q6ph7",
"c3q4v7n",
"c3q7gz7"
],
"text": [
"There's broad agreement among scientists is that there's some error in the measurements. Just the other day I was chatting with a scientist on the ATLAS experiment at the LHC who concurred, and said the consensus in Geneva is... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fyWbNNnn7-Y"
]
} | What happened to speed of light discussion? Was there a mistake or do we still not know?
| [
-0.2505424916744232,
-0.47408145666122437,
0.6536129117012024,
0.1964343786239624,
-0.4152638018131256,
-0.06782219558954239,
0.5428996086120605,
-0.16868872940540314,
0.25205230712890625,
0.13990475237369537,
0.7560477256774902,
0.03738625347614288,
-0.291221022605896,
-0.2021202743053436... | ||
876hnp | What is happening during a Mandelbrot zoom? | I recently found out that watching Mandelbrot zoom's on YouTube is a ton of fun.
_URL_0_
I don't know a lot about math. I understand the function and I understand the concept, but what the heck is going on with this video? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"dwaxez2",
"dwavjia",
"dwauhpn"
],
"text": [
"Super simple answer: it's zooming in (a lot)\n\nMore useful answer: The mandelbrot set is a fractal, the specific one in your linked video is the one [on this wikipedia page](_URL_0_). There's various rules you can use to make all sorts of ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aHkQjdh14cc"
]
} | {
"url": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandelbrot_set"
]
} | What is happening during a Mandelbrot zoom?
I recently found out that watching Mandelbrot zoom's on YouTube is a ton of fun. _URL_0_ I don't know a lot about math. I understand the function and I understand the concept, but what the heck is going on with this video? | [
0.014396680518984795,
-0.6073752641677856,
0.9192172884941101,
0.07766358554363251,
-0.7031177878379822,
-0.42035967111587524,
-0.4400300681591034,
0.09868103265762329,
0.7320783734321594,
0.3891904354095459,
1.1376644372940063,
0.3475518524646759,
-0.07672280073165894,
1.4707715511322021,... | |
1mbd4g | Does a piezo element ever run out of charge? | We all learned in school that electrons aren't actually "used up" in circuits, but rather moved around, doing work.
Some of the more curious and mischievous among us have certainly also taken apart a lighter at some point, removing it's piezo element and shocking people, radiators and any other object that would acce... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cc7l4fj",
"cc7kytm",
"cc7m7hu",
"cc7orkc"
],
"text": [
"As /u/I_Cant_Logoff stated, the piezo element is able to create a charge differential in itself. That is, certain parts have more electrons in them. This causes the element to have energy stored up, which discharges through t... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Does a piezo element ever run out of charge?
We all learned in school that electrons aren't actually "used up" in circuits, but rather moved around, doing work. Some of the more curious and mischievous among us have certainly also taken apart a lighter at some point, removing it's piezo element and shocking people, rad... | [
-0.10796189308166504,
-0.7452309727668762,
0.17056621611118317,
-0.19726234674453735,
-0.416887104511261,
-0.5672035217285156,
-0.0161761362105608,
-0.7178410291671753,
0.6162710785865784,
1.0022016763687134,
1.0454391241073608,
0.09988108277320862,
-0.25130438804626465,
0.7137438654899597... | |
90q7i7 | What is the role of reactive power in transmission networks? | I've studied electrical engineering for some years, but honestly I'm still struggling with understanding complex AC concepts, especially reactive power. What's its role in transmission networks since reactive power can't do real work? Why is it important for large alternators on the grid? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"e2sc27o",
"e2siv15",
"e2sk9vt",
"e2sv36x",
"e2sjzns",
"e2sne30",
"e2sq6w1",
"e2so19s",
"e2svtl0"
],
"text": [
"Reactive power is the flow of energy contained in the electric and magnetic fields of capacitors and inductors during AC operation.\n\nFor example, th... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | What is the role of reactive power in transmission networks?
I've studied electrical engineering for some years, but honestly I'm still struggling with understanding complex AC concepts, especially reactive power. What's its role in transmission networks since reactive power can't do real work? Why is it important for ... | [
0.194238543510437,
-0.7443341612815857,
0.4248718321323395,
-0.3956385850906372,
-0.18531453609466553,
-0.4169163703918457,
-0.16321270167827606,
-0.3480604588985443,
0.7280716300010681,
0.3075845539569855,
1.459145188331604,
0.21023188531398773,
-0.15083901584148407,
0.41906458139419556,
... | |
wp16w | Why is it "painful" to witness awkwardness? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c5f79gy",
"c5f6w80",
"c5f772o",
"c5f7w50",
"c5f7jt6",
"c5f6v02"
],
"text": [
"As others have pointed out, this is a facet of empathy, specifically a phenomenon known as \"empathic embarrassment,\" [\\(Miller, 1987\\)](_URL_0_). Perhaps unsurprisingly, people who are themse... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/psp/53/6/1061/",
"http://www.people.hbs.edu/mnorton/Norton_Monin_Cooper_Hogg_2003.pdf",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirror_neuron",
"http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0018675"
]
} | Why is it "painful" to witness awkwardness?
| [
-0.5893058180809021,
0.07575950026512146,
0.3875894844532013,
-0.4242507219314575,
-0.5302004218101501,
-0.021220441907644272,
0.5328186750411987,
-0.5698090195655823,
-0.051254868507385254,
0.33498021960258484,
0.7481985688209534,
0.3116564452648163,
-0.06357944011688232,
0.05796575546264... | ||
mb2n7 | AskScience AMA Series- IAMA Microbiologist | I'm currently a lab manager of a marine microbiology laboratory where I'm also finishing my MS degree. I've worked in various labs for the last 11 years since graduating with my BS in biology. Ask anything you like, I'll answer as best as I can.
**Edit:** Thank you everyone for your questions and comments! This go... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c2zix7b",
"c2zibev",
"c2zib2z",
"c2zjipr",
"c2zjbmw",
"c2ziarj",
"c2zibfi",
"c2zibef",
"c2zl677",
"c2zl3hw",
"c2zloi9",
"c2zmqn6",
"c2zkern",
"c2zkd34",
"c2zmlvl",
"c2zlodw",
"c2zjvh2",
"c2zmp8e",
"c2ziwh7",
"c2zkzpo",
"c... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | AskScience AMA Series- IAMA Microbiologist
I'm currently a lab manager of a marine microbiology laboratory where I'm also finishing my MS degree. I've worked in various labs for the last 11 years since graduating with my BS in biology. Ask anything you like, I'll answer as best as I can. **Edit:** Thank you everyone fo... | [
-0.1780320256948471,
-0.21119292080402374,
0.8124996423721313,
-0.7375205755233765,
-0.24213285744190216,
-0.6326464414596558,
-0.12944254279136658,
-0.4679563641548157,
0.7526244521141052,
-0.03937269002199173,
0.4922730326652527,
0.5787941217422485,
0.5775884985923767,
1.7158278226852417... | |
1jow9o | In what ways do erogenous zones differ from the rest of the body? Why does stimulating genitalia result in arousal and a sexual response, when for example stimulating a fingertip does not? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cbgyq72",
"cbgvlje",
"cbguvzb",
"cbgx6sk"
],
"text": [
"The skin over the genital areas (erogenous zones) is innervated by the sacral spinal nerves (S2,3,4). See a [dermatome map](_URL_0_). These nerves synapse in the spinal cord and provoke autonomic (both parasympathetic=erectio... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.backpain-guide.com/Chapter_Fig_folders/Ch06_Path_Folder/Ch06_Images/06-4%20Radiculopathy.jpg",
"http://www.amazon.com/Human-Sexual-Response-William-Masters/dp/0923891218/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&qid=1375652477&sr=8-2&keywords=human+sexual+response"
]
} | In what ways do erogenous zones differ from the rest of the body? Why does stimulating genitalia result in arousal and a sexual response, when for example stimulating a fingertip does not?
| [
-0.6720683574676514,
-0.311567485332489,
0.817764163017273,
0.2957943379878998,
-0.8066742420196533,
-0.06656431406736374,
0.9620255827903748,
-0.4739575982093811,
0.34402772784233093,
0.38723763823509216,
0.6239399909973145,
0.8011689782142639,
-1.2332429885864258,
-0.050405438989400864,
... | ||
nq726 | What if we're wrong about black holes? | More accurately, what if we're wrong about black holes being the final stage of a star. What if there's a stage beyond black hole, but no star has reached it yet due to the young age of the universe. | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c3b2fhk",
"c3b2p9z",
"c3b2z4v",
"c3b2evq"
],
"text": [
"Well, in a sense there is a stage after black holes (we think). The \"final\" stage of such a star is total \"evaporation\" through hawking radiation. Which, unless I am mistaken, will manifest in the form of a large amount o... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | What if we're wrong about black holes?
More accurately, what if we're wrong about black holes being the final stage of a star. What if there's a stage beyond black hole, but no star has reached it yet due to the young age of the universe. | [
0.5220946669578552,
-0.7744764089584351,
0.5517963767051697,
-0.9979509711265564,
0.2174300104379654,
-0.08864177763462067,
-0.06261153519153595,
-0.5872078537940979,
0.29857495427131653,
0.4377705156803131,
0.8189796209335327,
0.03493323549628258,
-0.6617289185523987,
1.2283737659454346,
... | |
liq9u | What formulas would you use to prove or disprove the feasibility of the commercial where the airplane lands in the bed of the pickup truck? | I thought this question would have been asked by now, but searching through reddit’s search feature as well as with Google didn’t find anything. Basically I want to know what process would be used to prove or disprove that a pickup truck could help land an airplane if the front landing wheel broke. For those that neve... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c2t0s5u",
"c2t1xa2",
"c2t27zz",
"c2t09jy",
"c2t125x"
],
"text": [
"Simple factor of safety calculation.\n\nFor a 737-100 (the \"baby\" of the 737 range) the maximum vertical nose gear ground load during landing deceleration is 21,500 lb. [Source 1](_URL_0_), skip to page 12.\n... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZFKBTagD00k"
]
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.boeing.com/commercial/airports/acaps/737sec7.pdf",
"http://www.nissanusa.com/titan/specifications-king-cab.html",
"http://www.airdisaster.com/reports/ntsb/AAR84-10.pdf"
]
} | What formulas would you use to prove or disprove the feasibility of the commercial where the airplane lands in the bed of the pickup truck?
I thought this question would have been asked by now, but searching through reddit’s search feature as well as with Google didn’t find anything. Basically I want to know what proce... | [
-0.05403367429971695,
-0.4513412117958069,
-0.19890621304512024,
0.1132592260837555,
-0.4023217558860779,
-0.3619106113910675,
0.2235417366027832,
-0.5117626190185547,
1.0659714937210083,
0.4445772171020508,
0.6812425851821899,
0.3264780342578888,
0.013310099020600319,
0.05812365561723709,... | |
20fe57 | Does the clock arms (seconds, minutes, hours) ever split the clock face in three equal areas? | This is a hypothetical clock where the arms move around the middle axis with constant speed, so no tick tocks. If you extend the lines of the clock arms, do they perfectly split the clock face in three thirds at any point during the 12 hours? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cg2tg1s",
"cg2tlem",
"cg2t4fv"
],
"text": [
"No. Consider a clock that rotates counterclockwise at exactly the rate the hour hand moves, so that the hour hand always points up. Now the minute hand goes at a rate of 1/60min - 1/12hr = 11/720min and the second had at a rate of 1/1min - ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Does the clock arms (seconds, minutes, hours) ever split the clock face in three equal areas?
This is a hypothetical clock where the arms move around the middle axis with constant speed, so no tick tocks. If you extend the lines of the clock arms, do they perfectly split the clock face in three thirds at any point duri... | [
0.4245977997779846,
-0.580427348613739,
1.1455520391464233,
0.2655368745326996,
-0.39397311210632324,
-0.07978477329015732,
0.06890945136547089,
-0.38914427161216736,
0.9908803105354309,
-0.11219576001167297,
1.633241057395935,
0.4311390519142151,
-1.1938612461090088,
0.4448534846305847,
... | |
ks6tz | Are the colors consequences of physics or biology/neurology? | Is the wavelength "blue" blue as a consequence of the natural laws of the universe, or is it blue because that is how our eyes have evolved to see it?
Is it possible an alien species could perceive the same wavelength we call "blue" as the color we call "red"? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c2mrhpk",
"c2mrgtf",
"c2mshzi",
"c2mww01"
],
"text": [
"Biology. Our perception of colors depends very strongly the response of the cones in our eyes to different frequencies. [We have three different cones with three different response curves.](_URL_1_)\n\nPhysics says that all... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_vision",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cone-fundamentals-with-srgb-spectrum.svg",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cone_cell"
]
} | Are the colors consequences of physics or biology/neurology?
Is the wavelength "blue" blue as a consequence of the natural laws of the universe, or is it blue because that is how our eyes have evolved to see it? Is it possible an alien species could perceive the same wavelength we call "blue" as the color we call "red"... | [
-0.00908468198031187,
-0.1619282215833664,
0.2789462208747864,
-0.5598474144935608,
-0.42591753602027893,
-0.08383062481880188,
0.7516504526138306,
-0.3159320652484894,
0.36378538608551025,
-0.4293173849582672,
1.225560188293457,
0.3573710322380066,
-1.9360582828521729,
0.7186699509620667,... | |
2whrov | Do animals procrastinate? | Now that I think about it, would it be possible to know that an animal knows they "should" be doing something but puts it off? idek. | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"corfgwq",
"cor5kz3",
"corl5eq",
"cord9jd"
],
"text": [
"I might be wrong but it seems one could setup an experiment for this. Teach an animal (like a dog) to complete a task (like pulling a bedsheet off a bed). Reward it immediately. Once you accomplish that, leave the room w... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Do animals procrastinate?
Now that I think about it, would it be possible to know that an animal knows they "should" be doing something but puts it off? idek. | [
0.23653361201286316,
-0.026105327531695366,
0.2071741819381714,
-0.19433490931987762,
-0.09513736516237259,
-0.08962273597717285,
0.7194011807441711,
-0.8244310021400452,
0.5848367810249329,
0.5255507230758667,
0.22565920650959015,
0.39749160408973694,
-0.6061926484107971,
-0.6830174922943... | |
37snfp | Question: Did airline prices surge when flights resumed after 9/11? | There was an uproar when Uber surged prices during the Sydney terrorist attack. Since both systems are based on demand, I wonder if prices surged once flights resumed after 9/11 when traveller were finally able to get home. (Ignoring travellers who had flights rebooked for free) | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"crplp60",
"crpmhln",
"crpvxtq"
],
"text": [
"No, because people were terrified to fly. Airlines were consistently way underbooked, and prices plummeted as airlines tried to convince a terrified public that it was still relatively safe to fly in a commercial aircraft.",
"Even if pe... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Question: Did airline prices surge when flights resumed after 9/11?
There was an uproar when Uber surged prices during the Sydney terrorist attack. Since both systems are based on demand, I wonder if prices surged once flights resumed after 9/11 when traveller were finally able to get home. (Ignoring travellers who had... | [
0.19986319541931152,
-0.41977813839912415,
0.2635805308818817,
-0.5514933466911316,
-0.3034749925136566,
-0.26759254932403564,
-0.017330992966890335,
-0.2878761291503906,
0.8250375986099243,
0.14629244804382324,
0.3291179835796356,
1.1628509759902954,
-0.7821869254112244,
0.239968672394752... | |
1rpid6 | How do you know something is a "measurement" or "observation" in Quantum Mechanics? | As far as I understand, a particle only has a definite position when it is observed. How does it "know" it was observed? By its interaction with surrounding particles, of course.
My confusion lies here: If none of the particles around it have definite positions either, how does *any particle in the universe* "know" fo... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cdppbdo",
"cdppng9",
"cdpricr"
],
"text": [
"This excellent question is at the root of *many* other questions that show up on /r/askscience.\n\nThere are aspects of this question that nobody really understands yet. However, we understand a lot more than popular science and even some p... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%27s_laws_of_motion",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_function",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_state",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dinger_equation",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heisenberg_picture"
]
} | How do you know something is a "measurement" or "observation" in Quantum Mechanics?
As far as I understand, a particle only has a definite position when it is observed. How does it "know" it was observed? By its interaction with surrounding particles, of course. My confusion lies here: If none of the particles around i... | [
-0.4177117347717285,
-0.26741039752960205,
0.5116402506828308,
0.7200222611427307,
-0.37291914224624634,
-0.6066360473632812,
0.41113120317459106,
-0.586094319820404,
0.8263776302337646,
0.21532370150089264,
0.9910687208175659,
0.10360945016145706,
-0.9316787719726562,
-0.0661170557141304,... | |
615n9f | Is antigravity a thing? | I know this might be a stupid question, but I'm actually kind of curious. You know how there's antimatter that is a counterpart to matter, I'm wondering if anyone knows how that sort of thing behaves. Also is there any evidence to suggest other "anti-other-important-things-in-the-universe" like antigravity, or antimagn... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"dfcuwoj",
"dfcrvp6",
"dfd3693",
"dfcgq9d"
],
"text": [
"A few years ago some idiot named Alejandro Gallardo Enríquez wrote a dissertation thesis to graduate as a mechanical engineer where he proposed the existence of anti-gravity. As most engineers, the people in the department of... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://fisica.ugto.mx/~selimibn/wp-content/uploads/GRAVEDAD-REPULSIVA-GENERADA-A-TRAV%C3%89S-DE-LA-ENERG%C3%8DA-CIN%C3%89TICA-ROTACIONAL.pdf"
]
} | Is antigravity a thing?
I know this might be a stupid question, but I'm actually kind of curious. You know how there's antimatter that is a counterpart to matter, I'm wondering if anyone knows how that sort of thing behaves. Also is there any evidence to suggest other "anti-other-important-things-in-the-universe" like ... | [
-0.2579198479652405,
-0.17417718470096588,
0.7128868699073792,
-0.05553044006228447,
-1.1510789394378662,
-0.24448661506175995,
0.7144642472267151,
-0.7277094721794128,
0.3125654458999634,
0.5667489767074585,
0.7679895758628845,
-0.4566272497177124,
-0.7582799196243286,
0.3082003891468048,... | |
9ylt5s | If we can discharge excess voltage into the Earth whenever we need to, why can't we draw a steady supply of electricity from the Earth in a similar way? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"ea2hmad",
"ea2hden",
"ea2ra84",
"ea2g8rf"
],
"text": [
"For the same reason that you can take a very hot (or very cold) object and put it in a large bath of water to bring it to room temperature, but that you can't take a room-temperature bath and use it to make something hot. You... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | If we can discharge excess voltage into the Earth whenever we need to, why can't we draw a steady supply of electricity from the Earth in a similar way?
| [
-0.03379285708069801,
-0.2541060149669647,
0.3388505280017853,
0.25706496834754944,
-0.5712194442749023,
-0.9664707779884338,
-0.13156577944755554,
-0.5606334805488586,
0.8339531421661377,
0.1065288856625557,
0.4843928813934326,
0.5794083476066589,
-1.6470731496810913,
0.2332250326871872,
... | ||
24i5sm | What exactly keeps our brains 'in place,' and not from smashing into the skull all the time? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"ch7d8kp",
"ch7l4af",
"ch7l6p8",
"ch7oyx6",
"ch7w6b8",
"ch7mgue",
"ch7poxd"
],
"text": [
"There are a series of 3 membranes, known as the meninges. The outermost is a thick layer lining and attached to the skull, the dura mater. Directly against and attached to the brai... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup_contrecoup_injury"
]
} | What exactly keeps our brains 'in place,' and not from smashing into the skull all the time?
| [
0.25191956758499146,
0.09073806554079056,
0.8998648524284363,
-0.21254533529281616,
-0.5377808809280396,
-0.3939918577671051,
-0.05645696073770523,
-0.4130410850048065,
0.6691370010375977,
-0.08786723762750626,
0.6117274165153503,
0.923214316368103,
-0.43891027569770813,
0.3212384283542633... | ||
4tr8y2 | Is 'not not and not not not' the same as 'not'? | Dunno if /r/asklogic exists is frequented or is populated but I was wondering; there can be 'not' and there can be 'not not' but can there also be a third of 'not not and not not not' or is the third the same as the first or second? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"d5jluya",
"d5jm5h5",
"d5kdome"
],
"text": [
"The \"NOT\" operator in logic simply inverts the truth-value of whatever it acts on. NOT(A) is true if and only if A is false. In classical logic, there's no problem with applying the NOT() operator repeatedly. So NOT(NOT(A)) is true if and... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Is 'not not and not not not' the same as 'not'?
Dunno if /r/asklogic exists is frequented or is populated but I was wondering; there can be 'not' and there can be 'not not' but can there also be a third of 'not not and not not not' or is the third the same as the first or second? | [
0.030962130054831505,
-0.5238434076309204,
0.8404394388198853,
0.28055477142333984,
-0.6049550771713257,
0.05749231204390526,
0.9221048355102539,
-0.6423027515411377,
-0.0936308354139328,
0.21080154180526733,
0.31455492973327637,
0.14444348216056824,
-1.2129039764404297,
-0.409493207931518... | |
1are8p | How fast are our brain commands? Not our reaction time but the actual command of your brain commanding your finger to move. | I want to lift my finger the time it takes for my brain to tell my finger to move how fast is that? Has the speed been defined and what does the speed compare to?
Edit: Is brain command speed set and cannot be improved? Also the other way around can it be slowed? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c904d5d",
"c902f9n",
"c901x14"
],
"text": [
"It depends on what your brain is wanting to control at the time; and what the stimulus is. The reflex arc would cause your finger to move slightly faster than just simply wanting to move your finger. It also depends on whether the axons of ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2002/DavidParizh.shtml"
]
} | How fast are our brain commands? Not our reaction time but the actual command of your brain commanding your finger to move.
I want to lift my finger the time it takes for my brain to tell my finger to move how fast is that? Has the speed been defined and what does the speed compare to? Edit: Is brain command speed set ... | [
-0.7002602815628052,
-0.30449411273002625,
1.048734426498413,
-0.028827106580138206,
-0.46209120750427246,
0.12360453605651855,
-0.2329840064048767,
-0.6434237957000732,
1.0159425735473633,
0.31309205293655396,
1.0686538219451904,
1.2374224662780762,
-0.7390672564506531,
-0.483062684535980... | |
4ct5lp | In diagrams where massive objects bend spacetime, what is depicted on the hight axis? | Take for example this picture: _URL_1_
What is on the hight axis (z-axis) How should one interpret such a graph? Secondly, in animations like this: _URL_0_, spacetime seems to bend "The other way"? what implications does that have? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"d1lcwob",
"d1l8phn",
"d1lfdql",
"d1lhmls",
"d1lhvgq",
"d1lgsyw",
"d1lyc2y",
"d1lgx9e",
"d1ltbbi",
"d1m47hs",
"d1lhjfl"
],
"text": [
"These kinds of visualizations are meant to give you a rough idea what's going on, but shouldn't be taken too literally. ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_GhkWuIDzpc",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Spacetime_lattice_analogy.svg/1260px-Spacetime_lattice_analogy.svg.png"
]
} | {
"url": [
"https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/48j84z/i_always_hear_about_gravity_in_terms_of_planets/d0k05ai",
"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_potential"
]
} | In diagrams where massive objects bend spacetime, what is depicted on the hight axis?
Take for example this picture: _URL_1_ What is on the hight axis (z-axis) How should one interpret such a graph? Secondly, in animations like this: _URL_0_, spacetime seems to bend "The other way"? what implications does that have? | [
-0.7930535674095154,
-0.26366180181503296,
1.148829460144043,
-0.4191652834415436,
-0.5752245783805847,
-0.4190208911895752,
-0.4020695984363556,
0.19045451283454895,
-0.11136583983898163,
-0.6402146220207214,
1.0053988695144653,
0.32769933342933655,
-1.1610498428344727,
0.4205675721168518... | |
ceqzvt | AskScience AMA Series: I study the mutualistic relationship between alligators and wading birds in the Everglades. AMA! | Hi everyone!
My name is Wray Gabel, I'm a Masters student at the University of Florida advised by Dr. Peter Frederick.
A little about my research--my thesis explores the mutualistic relationship between nesting wading birds and the American Alligator. Basically, wading birds get protection from nest predators (like r... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"eu4bmwo",
"eu4h14u",
"eu4fz45",
"eu4muu9",
"eu4ovsl",
"eu50vdq",
"eu55c6c"
],
"text": [
"Do alligators still eat the birds given the opportunity? If so, is that still mutualistic? Don't the birds just nest in alligator habitats because fewer climbing predators are pres... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://www.facebook.com/UFIFASWildlife/"
]
} | {
"url": []
} | AskScience AMA Series: I study the mutualistic relationship between alligators and wading birds in the Everglades. AMA!
Hi everyone! My name is Wray Gabel, I'm a Masters student at the University of Florida advised by Dr. Peter Frederick. A little about my research--my thesis explores the mutualistic relationship betwe... | [
-0.26283901929855347,
-0.34104740619659424,
0.29013603925704956,
-0.4272206127643585,
0.028343260288238525,
-0.03150832653045654,
0.3313080072402954,
-0.4687041640281677,
0.894743025302887,
0.3744661509990692,
0.40502047538757324,
0.8323860168457031,
-0.5759084224700928,
1.0499838590621948... | |
o8num | What are some simple but stunning science experiments or demonstrations that you know of? I am teaching Science in a developing country and really want to spark the students' interest. | **EDIT 2:** *WOW! Your responses have been amazing. While due to lack of available materials I will not be able to do all of the suggested activities, I will do as many as I can manage! The experiments or demonstrations I cannot do I am tucking into my pocket to save for when I am teaching in the states again.*
*I... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c3fa7jt",
"c3faxwb",
"c3fc28s",
"c3favtw",
"c3fbpnq",
"c3fba9q",
"c3fbv72",
"c3fbohr",
"c3fbbl3",
"c3fa5l6",
"c3fccyy",
"c3fc40n",
"c3fa3gm",
"c3f9m83",
"c3fbvn4",
"c3fcgkr",
"c3fc53j",
"c3fcc6v",
"c3fc64p",
"c3fdwly",
"c... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RBN_cYEgeMA",
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=sy5NY-Dqdys#t=136s",
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xZdfcRiDs8I",
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pMQzSZdjrz8",
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f2XQ97XHjVw",
"http://www.yout... | What are some simple but stunning science experiments or demonstrations that you know of? I am teaching Science in a developing country and really want to spark the students' interest.
**EDIT 2:** *WOW! Your responses have been amazing. While due to lack of available materials I will not be able to do all of the sugges... | [
-0.498188853263855,
0.007734064012765884,
0.7738737463951111,
-0.0008860230445861816,
-0.6178614497184753,
-0.7654971480369568,
-0.15240275859832764,
-0.8318237662315369,
0.9959392547607422,
0.3660288155078888,
0.6877903938293457,
0.27573198080062866,
-0.013372477144002914,
1.0591614246368... | |
luhpd | How is it possible for humans to thermoregulate when humidity is 100% and ambient temperature is greater than 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit (e.g., jungle conditions)? | Conduction would favor increasing the body's temperature, and it seems as though sweating would not be effective in such circumstances. How is it that people don't all overheat and die when it gets hot in the jungle?
EDIT: Thanks for all the responses! | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c2vq7nk",
"c2vqgqj",
"c2vqah0",
"c2vs4f7",
"c2vq7fs",
"c2vq8r0",
"c2vqmhz",
"c2vs3ka",
"c2vqm44"
],
"text": [
"You can still have evaporation in 100% humidity. But the short answer is you just described the perfect conditions for heat stroke in less than a few... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoregulation",
"http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/rainforest.htm",
"http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2010/10/101007-lost-crystal-caves-mexico-science-mine-superman-ice-palace/"
]
} | How is it possible for humans to thermoregulate when humidity is 100% and ambient temperature is greater than 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit (e.g., jungle conditions)?
Conduction would favor increasing the body's temperature, and it seems as though sweating would not be effective in such circumstances. How is it that people d... | [
0.1383027881383896,
-0.0195855014026165,
0.8581701517105103,
0.136040598154068,
-0.6927971839904785,
-0.5501829385757446,
-0.283432275056839,
-1.3012064695358276,
1.2808283567428589,
0.15374305844306946,
0.8205704689025879,
0.8229120373725891,
-1.2806123495101929,
0.4417332708835602,
0.0... | |
26707j | I have been told that most of the stars we see have exploded, so why is it that the southern cross and others like it are still there after all this time? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"chod8hf",
"chobwbz",
"choc12f"
],
"text": [
"Stars live at least millions or billions of years depending on their size, and most stars we see are within a few thousand light-years, which means their light takes a few thousand years to get here. So most or all of the stars you can see... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | I have been told that most of the stars we see have exploded, so why is it that the southern cross and others like it are still there after all this time?
| [
0.7743976712226868,
-0.721208393573761,
0.6997643709182739,
-0.34394964575767517,
-0.6527246832847595,
-0.40820083022117615,
-0.15368805825710297,
-0.2986985146999359,
-0.71149080991745,
-0.08440572768449783,
0.43118801712989807,
0.5860218405723572,
-0.013667493127286434,
1.002320408821106... | ||
o3dd2 | Is the old adage 'it's not the volts that hurt you, its the amps' true? | I've even asked an electrician about this, and he wasn't sure.
People claim that say... a car battery will hurt you more than 120 volt home circuit will, if you get shocked. Having been shocked by both I can say it appeared the car battery was MUCH stronger. This makes sense though, as most car batteries push 500+ a... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c3e170n",
"c3e19ie",
"c3e1giz",
"c3e4haq",
"c3e2jf3",
"c3e4lmr",
"c3ecp1y",
"c3e7hek",
"c3e1chp"
],
"text": [
"yes, amps are what kill you. BUT... you need a high voltage for the current to overcome the resistance of your skin.\n\nyou can touch both terminals o... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.pa.msu.edu/sciencet/ask_st/010892.html",
"http://books.google.co.in/books?id=sGZdnZ4uTyEC&lpg=PT788&ots=lE62vZEjr2&dq=ohms%20of%20skin%20100000%20to%20200000&pg=PT788#v=onepage&q=ohms%20of%20skin%20100000%20to%20200000&f=false",
"http://forum.allaboutcircuits... | Is the old adage 'it's not the volts that hurt you, its the amps' true?
I've even asked an electrician about this, and he wasn't sure. People claim that say... a car battery will hurt you more than 120 volt home circuit will, if you get shocked. Having been shocked by both I can say it appeared the car battery was MUCH... | [
0.44797733426094055,
-0.8159692287445068,
0.6931601762771606,
0.12077152729034424,
-0.5146439075469971,
-0.08756314218044281,
-0.3563578724861145,
-1.2959729433059692,
0.7196320295333862,
0.3209303617477417,
0.891687273979187,
0.3612845242023468,
-0.5080481767654419,
0.6156004667282104,
... | |
yz4la | Do people with better reaction times experience the passage of time slower? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c6030mc",
"c603lj7",
"c60741b",
"c607pg8",
"c608rc5"
],
"text": [
"That's a great question. Although, this doesn't answer your question directly, there was an experiment performed asking a similar question.\n\nWhen jumping off a building / bungee jumping, time feels to be mov... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/body/profile-david-eagleman.html",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excitatory_postsynaptic_potential",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhibitory_postsynaptic_potential",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/yz4la/do_people_with_better_reaction_times_experi... | Do people with better reaction times experience the passage of time slower?
| [
-0.4258117377758026,
0.11784569919109344,
0.7288627624511719,
-0.4301287829875946,
-0.06349392980337143,
0.45743927359580994,
0.4396035373210907,
-1.563926100730896,
-0.6897801756858826,
-0.29038625955581665,
0.39854830503463745,
0.33593299984931946,
0.07019326090812683,
-0.672679543495178... | ||
477pe0 | Is there a maximum voltage obtainable by simply stacking transformers one after the other? | What stops me from stacking 10 transformers which each multiply the voltage by 100, getting a compounded 10^20 fold increase in voltage, with an initial voltage of 1 V, each electron would get an energy increase of 10^20 eV, easily surpassing the LHC, so what stops this from happening? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"d0aw9nj",
"d0ax5jj",
"d0axwg6",
"d0b384u",
"d0aw9po",
"d0b4819",
"d0b3019"
],
"text": [
"Darn physics. Again.\n\nFirst you'll need to account for different levels of isolation. At high voltages it gets hard.\n\nNext - internal resistances. Once your current is down to ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cockcroft%E2%80%93Walton_generator",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage_multiplier"
]
} | Is there a maximum voltage obtainable by simply stacking transformers one after the other?
What stops me from stacking 10 transformers which each multiply the voltage by 100, getting a compounded 10^20 fold increase in voltage, with an initial voltage of 1 V, each electron would get an energy increase of 10^20 eV, easi... | [
0.12751728296279907,
-0.43152591586112976,
1.1719603538513184,
-0.0399719700217247,
-0.056515172123909,
-0.22872038185596466,
-0.7479134798049927,
-0.8161432147026062,
0.8459286689758301,
-0.22959044575691223,
0.9328635334968567,
0.77504563331604,
-0.5904095768928528,
0.07784225046634674,
... | |
93j1k7 | How do internet service providers harness the internet and distribute access to it via cables? What do the cables in our homes connect to on the other side? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"e3dsulr",
"e3f4ovk",
"e3dq8hh"
],
"text": [
"Routers. The internet is routing all the way down.\n\nEverything sent over the internet is broken down into little collections of data (called a packet) and then sent like a letter -- with a destination \"address\". The process of getting... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"www.reddit.com",
"http://navigators.com/sessphys.html"
]
} | How do internet service providers harness the internet and distribute access to it via cables? What do the cables in our homes connect to on the other side?
| [
0.16767895221710205,
-0.48846888542175293,
0.12397156655788422,
-0.14154848456382751,
0.25497668981552124,
-1.0722908973693848,
0.9375545382499695,
0.02078891545534134,
0.09889951348304749,
-0.6013832092285156,
-0.14022938907146454,
-0.11455492675304413,
-1.122428297996521,
0.5309503078460... | ||
1ytfsb | I am Dr. Reid Harris and I study the chytrid fungus that is decimating amphibians around the world and ways to stop it, AMA | Thank you all so much for taking the time to come talk with me and ask questions about frogs, salamanders and the amphibian chytrid fungus. I hope to come back to reddit in the future as our studies continue into probiotic therapies to save amphibian biodiversity from the chytrid fungus.
Madagascar is a biodiversity ... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cfnlvd4",
"cfnlyz4",
"cfnlglc",
"cfnqfdi",
"cfnltcr",
"cfnlfuq",
"cfnmqhx",
"cfnm3wp",
"cfnn1lq",
"cfnpn47",
"cfnlige",
"cfnmwov",
"cfnltls",
"cfnmqk2",
"cfo232k"
],
"text": [
"Hi Dr. Harris, I'm a mycologist studying human fungal pathog... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"www.amphibians.org",
"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ele.12099/full",
"www.frogprobiotics.org"
]
} | {
"url": []
} | I am Dr. Reid Harris and I study the chytrid fungus that is decimating amphibians around the world and ways to stop it, AMA
Thank you all so much for taking the time to come talk with me and ask questions about frogs, salamanders and the amphibian chytrid fungus. I hope to come back to reddit in the future as our studi... | [
-0.10046045482158661,
-0.08925005793571472,
1.0263967514038086,
-0.18430426716804504,
-0.6017906665802002,
-0.23196756839752197,
-0.11369812488555908,
-0.36672911047935486,
0.8845028877258301,
0.04665134847164154,
0.6139601469039917,
0.7673555016517639,
-1.0584077835083008,
1.1334853172302... | |
1p73dn | In a major blackout, could you see the Milky Way in the middle of a city? | So I saw [these pictures](_URL_0_) of cites without light pollution. If there was a total blackout of a region, including emergency lights or natural lights, would the Milky Way become visible like this? How large of an area would have to go dark? Has it ever been recorded in large blackouts? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cczg7vr",
"cczeu6j",
"cczgghy",
"cczqal4",
"cczg8ne",
"cczituw",
"cczg4k6",
"cczmkwu",
"cczkzan",
"cczka57",
"cczpdu9",
"cczvn50",
"cczw335",
"cczv2bt",
"cczexhf",
"cczw5d1",
"cczrjx4",
"cczwjsz",
"cczz3g2"
],
"text": [
"... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://flavorwire.com/358930/stunning-photos-of-cities-without-light-pollution/view-all/"
]
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.pbs.org/seeinginthedark/astronomy-topics/light-pollution.html",
"http://physics.fau.edu/observatory/lightpol-astro.html",
"http://www.pbs.org/seeinginthedark/astronomy-topics/light-pollution.html",
"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/08/14/2003-northeast-blackout_n_3751171.html"... | In a major blackout, could you see the Milky Way in the middle of a city?
So I saw [these pictures](_URL_0_) of cites without light pollution. If there was a total blackout of a region, including emergency lights or natural lights, would the Milky Way become visible like this? How large of an area would have to go dark... | [
0.47388842701911926,
-1.036458134651184,
1.082432508468628,
-0.8157196044921875,
-0.7972147464752197,
-0.5944643020629883,
0.06581773608922958,
-0.7589800357818604,
-0.04575415700674057,
-0.15631258487701416,
0.6811046004295349,
0.3390630781650543,
-1.989396333694458,
1.032612919807434,
... |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.