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y877u | Are there clear examples of self-destructive behavior, similar to alcoholism or overeating, in other species? | This question arose out of a discussion of alcoholism. Essentially, do other organisms eat, drink or otherwise over-indulge themselves to death? | askscience | {
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"> Laboratory rats were given unlimited access to intravenous cocaine hydrochloride or heroin hydrochloride. Animals self-administering cocaine quickly developed a pattern of episodic drug intake, with periods of excessive cocaine self-admin... | {
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} | Are there clear examples of self-destructive behavior, similar to alcoholism or overeating, in other species?
This question arose out of a discussion of alcoholism. Essentially, do other organisms eat, drink or otherwise over-indulge themselves to death? | [
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l6knh | How is a simple movement not considered the destruction of energy? | "Energy is neither created nor destroyed." Alright, what if I'm driving a car. The energy used to put the car in motion, isn't it being destroyed to put the car in movement? I understand that the energy is being shifted over into the movement, but wouldn't that count as destroying energy? The energy is being put int... | askscience | {
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"The energy used to put the car into motion is converted into kinetic energy",
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} | How is a simple movement not considered the destruction of energy?
"Energy is neither created nor destroyed." Alright, what if I'm driving a car. The energy used to put the car in motion, isn't it being destroyed to put the car in movement? I understand that the energy is being shifted over into the movement, but would... | [
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1dduu9 | What do chimpanzees and other apes do with the dead bodies of other apes? | In response to the picture that made it to the front page (Dorothy), I am wondering if apes have funeral rituals. | askscience | {
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"Wikipedia claims without citation that \"[Elephants are the only other species known to ha... | {
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"http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/animal-emotions/200910/grief-in-animals-its-arrogant-think-were-th... | What do chimpanzees and other apes do with the dead bodies of other apes?
In response to the picture that made it to the front page (Dorothy), I am wondering if apes have funeral rituals. | [
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5u6l23 | What is the mistake in this mathematical proof? | From *Hexaflexagons and Other Mathematical Diversions* by Martin Gardner
> a=b+c
> multiply both sides by a-b
> a^2 -ab=ab+ac-b^2 -bc
> move ac to the left
> a^2 -ab-ac=ab-b^2 -bc
> factor:
> a(a-b-c)=b(a-b-c)
> divide both sides by a-b-c
> a=b
He says that this is a fallacy, but can't you just say ... | askscience | {
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} | What is the mistake in this mathematical proof?
From *Hexaflexagons and Other Mathematical Diversions* by Martin Gardner > a=b+c > multiply both sides by a-b > a^2 -ab=ab+ac-b^2 -bc > move ac to the left > a^2 -ab-ac=ab-b^2 -bc > factor: > a(a-b-c)=b(a-b-c) > divide both sides by a-b-c > a=b He says that this is a fall... | [
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asfcvh | Can a pendulum clock run in centrifugal artificial gravity? | On theoretical space habitats where gravity is simulated by the habitat being a spinning ring where 'down' is 'out', would a pendulum clock like a grandfather clock be able to run? It's been a while since high school physic but as far as I can tell the (main? only?) forces acting on the clock would be the acceleration ... | askscience | {
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} | Can a pendulum clock run in centrifugal artificial gravity?
On theoretical space habitats where gravity is simulated by the habitat being a spinning ring where 'down' is 'out', would a pendulum clock like a grandfather clock be able to run? It's been a while since high school physic but as far as I can tell the (main? ... | [
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nlhwn | Hey Reddit, I was wondering: What compels us to sleep in a horizontal position as opposed to a vertical one? | Apart from the fact that it's easier to fall to the ground (or onto your bed) to sleep. Why is it physically more comfortable than say, sitting and sleeping?
If a foam cast were to be made of your body horizontally, and you got into it and then it was brought into a vertical position, what biological attributes of th... | askscience | {
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} | Hey Reddit, I was wondering: What compels us to sleep in a horizontal position as opposed to a vertical one?
Apart from the fact that it's easier to fall to the ground (or onto your bed) to sleep. Why is it physically more comfortable than say, sitting and sleeping? If a foam cast were to be made of your body horizonta... | [
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ir0ja | Would it be unethical to create a voluntary, selective human breeding program? | I am watching Stan Lee's Superhumans and the host of the show is said to be the most flexible person in the world. I thought that must be a trait that could be bred.
I know things like Eugenics have been proposed in the past and have very obvious ethical problems. But, if you created a voluntary program to try and br... | askscience | {
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"Science cannot answer ethical questions. This is not an appropriate forum for that question.\n\n_URL_2_ -or- _URL_0_ -or- _URL_1_",
"In one sense, it happens anyway. Most people I know who are married met through college ... | {
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"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary_ethics",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appeal_to_nature",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/w... | Would it be unethical to create a voluntary, selective human breeding program?
I am watching Stan Lee's Superhumans and the host of the show is said to be the most flexible person in the world. I thought that must be a trait that could be bred. I know things like Eugenics have been proposed in the past and have very ob... | [
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ox9ia | Random Star Trek Physics question I was musing over. | I had a teacher once tell me that even though the USS Enterprise was capable of traveling a little over nine times the speed of light, a person on the ten forward would not see the stars streaking by because even at that speed, the stars are so spaced out that they would still look like they are barely moving. Just lik... | askscience | {
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"No answers to the actual science in your question, however I am a Star Trek geek and can correct some of the Star Trek physics to possibly make the question more real science viabl... | {
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"url": [
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"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Warptable.gif",
"http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/SciFiWritersHaveNoSense... | Random Star Trek Physics question I was musing over.
I had a teacher once tell me that even though the USS Enterprise was capable of traveling a little over nine times the speed of light, a person on the ten forward would not see the stars streaking by because even at that speed, the stars are so spaced out that they w... | [
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mxm7o | Has there been an "Out of Africa" hypothesis made for any other species? | I'm aware of the Out of Africa hypothesis that states that modern humans can all be traced back to a relatively small group, maybe even a single female.
Has a similar trend been found for other modern animals?
Did all animal life come out of Africa? All mammals? etc? | askscience | {
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"Here's one example: Between 25 and 40 million years ago, a species of flat nosed monkeys managed to get from Africa to South America. They're the ancestor for all South American monkeys. This is when SA and Africa were clo... | {
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"url": [
"http://www.zoo.cam.ac.uk/zoostaff/manica/ms/2010_tanabe_et_al_curr_biol.pdf"
]
} | Has there been an "Out of Africa" hypothesis made for any other species?
I'm aware of the Out of Africa hypothesis that states that modern humans can all be traced back to a relatively small group, maybe even a single female. Has a similar trend been found for other modern animals? Did all animal life come out of Afric... | [
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lgm9b | Is there anything to my running shoe store's practice of advising me on shoes by filming my ankles while running? | I know this sounds odd. And please excuses me if I post this in the wrong subreddit.
But the store where I buy my long distance running shoes has a practice where they let their customers run on a treadmill, film their ankles (horizontally from the back) and then advise them on which shoes to buy.
Their reasoning, me... | askscience | {
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"_URL_0_\n\nThe science around the different ways in which the foot strikes the ground has yet to provide any solid conclusions which could give you a certain answer. Sure, there are ways to run which are very wrong, but ther... | {
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"url": [
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} | Is there anything to my running shoe store's practice of advising me on shoes by filming my ankles while running?
I know this sounds odd. And please excuses me if I post this in the wrong subreddit. But the store where I buy my long distance running shoes has a practice where they let their customers run on a treadmill... | [
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v807s | I keep reading about endurance running as a primary force in human evolution; what's the real evidence? | The theory that early humans used persistence hunting (running down prey in the heat until it was exhausted), and that this method strongly influenced human evolution (bipedalism, hairlessness, sweating, foot and leg bone structure, etc.) seems to be everywhere in pop science, but I almost never hear any solid data sup... | askscience | {
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"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15198702",
... | I keep reading about endurance running as a primary force in human evolution; what's the real evidence?
The theory that early humans used persistence hunting (running down prey in the heat until it was exhausted), and that this method strongly influenced human evolution (bipedalism, hairlessness, sweating, foot and leg... | [
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112su9 | If I cut a piece of wood in half, why can't I put it back together? | If the atoms are naturally attached to each other, and I separate them, why can't I put it back together?
Also, why does this work with liquids, but not with solids? Why is it that if I have two separate pieces of iron, I can't stick them back together, but I can melt it and freeze it and it will be attached to each o... | askscience | {
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"So there's actually a lot going on in your questions...\n\nAtoms can attach to each other only if they are in compounds (covalent bonds). Atoms can also be associated with each other through elec... | {
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"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_welding",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/utthp/how_does_cutting_work/"
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} | If I cut a piece of wood in half, why can't I put it back together?
If the atoms are naturally attached to each other, and I separate them, why can't I put it back together? Also, why does this work with liquids, but not with solids? Why is it that if I have two separate pieces of iron, I can't stick them back together... | [
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301jd2 | What's used as a NOT gate in computers? | I know that transistors are the basic blocks of modern computers, but from what I know they don't invert signals. They are more of an AND gate as the 2 inputs must be on for the output to be on. For computer logic to work there needs to be something which acts as a NOT gate. So what do the NOT gates actually consist of... | askscience | {
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"Strictly speaking, transistors don't invert signals, but they can be placed in a circuit in such a way that the circuit input will be inverted. Some quick background - digital logic is generally done with a MOSFET (metal-oxide-semiconducto... | {
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"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NAND_logic",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NAND_gate#Implementations"
]
} | What's used as a NOT gate in computers?
I know that transistors are the basic blocks of modern computers, but from what I know they don't invert signals. They are more of an AND gate as the 2 inputs must be on for the output to be on. For computer logic to work there needs to be something which acts as a NOT gate. So w... | [
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q1m6w | [META] Is your question missing from the new queue? Also, info for new subscribers! | Have you submitted a question and it isn't showing up in the New tab after 10 minutes or so? Send us a [modmail](_URL_0_) with a link to the post in question and we will have a look and fish it out.
There are other reasons for your question not showing up. If it falls into one or more of these categories, we most lik... | askscience | {
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"I would also like to emphasize that if you are a non-panelist making a top level response, you should inc... | {
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"url": [
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} | [META] Is your question missing from the new queue? Also, info for new subscribers!
Have you submitted a question and it isn't showing up in the New tab after 10 minutes or so? Send us a [modmail](_URL_0_) with a link to the post in question and we will have a look and fish it out. There are other reasons for your ques... | [
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pwyzu | For My Biology Minded Redditors: How Bad is it Really to "Feed the Wildlife?" | askscience | {
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"Park manager and ecologist here. It's a perennial problem, and one which can cause much controversy. _URL_0_ I have tried various means to stop people feeding wildfowl in my parks, but with little success. \n\nI think the cl... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/3275233.stm"
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} | For My Biology Minded Redditors: How Bad is it Really to "Feed the Wildlife?"
| [
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8qgzff | Is there a term for the idea that evolution is only 'good enough,' that is, that it can't achieve perfect if there's a dip in survival chance along the way? | A professor last year mentioned the idea that evolution couldn't overcome a temporary dip in survival chance, even if there was a much greater chance of survival afterwards. I think he used the metaphor of a hill, a valley, and a much taller hill, with the idea that the way evolution works wouldn't really allow (most?)... | askscience | {
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"The hill-valley metaphor is typically called the 'fitness landscape' or 'adaptive landscape' and the hill/valley (depending on how the scoring works) would be called a local optima, local maxima, or local minima. [Example.](_... | {
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"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5013765/",
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]
} | Is there a term for the idea that evolution is only 'good enough,' that is, that it can't achieve perfect if there's a dip in survival chance along the way?
A professor last year mentioned the idea that evolution couldn't overcome a temporary dip in survival chance, even if there was a much greater chance of survival a... | [
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11f08q | If I mix an equal amount of 20°C water and 40°C water, will I obtain 30°C water? | askscience | {
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"Only if the specific heat of the water is independent of temperature. This is (almost) true in the temperature range you're considering. So, yes, very close to 30C.\n\n_URL_0_",
"Wolfram alpha to the rescue!\n\n[Entropy of 1l water at... | {
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} | {
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"http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/water-thermal-properties-d_162.html",
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"http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=1l+of+water+at+20%C2%B... | If I mix an equal amount of 20°C water and 40°C water, will I obtain 30°C water?
| [
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1ndjvi | what would happen if a healthy (stable) person took a shot from an EpiPen? | askscience | {
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} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.wildmed.com/pdf/WMA-Field-Protocols.pdf"
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} | what would happen if a healthy (stable) person took a shot from an EpiPen?
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w4o0c | Are the ocean floors scattered with bones? | What happens to whales and other large sea animals when they die? Do their bones sink? Do they get consumed? | askscience | {
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"I saw an excellent infographic a while back illustrating a \"whale fall\"--what happens to a whale's body after it dies. I'll look for it. In the meantime, here's an article that goes more in depth about it: [Whale fall](_URL... | {
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} | {
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"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonate_compensation_depth",
"http://www.mbari.org/news/news_releases/2004/whalefall.html",
"h... | Are the ocean floors scattered with bones?
What happens to whales and other large sea animals when they die? Do their bones sink? Do they get consumed? | [
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3iq1d6 | Why are explosive overpressures so low? | I was reading about damage caused by various sizes of bombs and explosions, and it gave the damage estimate based the explosive overpressure. At only 10psi overpressure (25psia, I assume), it says reinforced concrete buildings will be severely damaged, but concrete typically has a strength of 3000-5000 psi. Why the dis... | askscience | {
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"url": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimate_tensile_strength#Typical_tensile_strengths",
"https://e-reports-ext.llnl.gov/pdf/335352.pdf"
]
} | Why are explosive overpressures so low?
I was reading about damage caused by various sizes of bombs and explosions, and it gave the damage estimate based the explosive overpressure. At only 10psi overpressure (25psia, I assume), it says reinforced concrete buildings will be severely damaged, but concrete typically has ... | [
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1ggbac | What happens to a body builder's muscles if he suddenly stops exercising? | askscience | {
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"As others have said, the muscles will atrophy. The SAID principle states that your body will adapt to the demands placed on it. For a body builder, that is the heavy weight lifting. If the person stops this, then the body will also adapt th... | {
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} | What happens to a body builder's muscles if he suddenly stops exercising?
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1qjvcq | AskScience AMA Series: IAMA Organismal Biologist who studies turtles & salamanders & frogs | Hi! I'm [Dr. Tobias Landberg](_URL_3_) and I've been a panelist and moderator here in AskScience for three years. I've just started a tenure track position as an Assistant Professor of Biology at [Arcadia University](_URL_0_).
Here's a [blog interview where I talk about how great AskScience is](_URL_1_). I < 3 you g... | askscience | {
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"text": [
"Can you expand more on the idea of turtles breathing tying into locomotion? I know nothing about their a... | {
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} | {
"url": [
"http://www.arcadia.edu/academic/biology-faculty/",
"http://www.randalolson.com/2013/11/12/answering-peoples-pressing-science-questions-on-reddit-interview-with-tobias-landberg/",
"http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=HxO0UHYAAAAJ&hl=en",
"http://www.eeb.uconn.edu/eebedia/index.php/... | {
"url": []
} | AskScience AMA Series: IAMA Organismal Biologist who studies turtles & salamanders & frogs
Hi! I'm [Dr. Tobias Landberg](_URL_3_) and I've been a panelist and moderator here in AskScience for three years. I've just started a tenure track position as an Assistant Professor of Biology at [Arcadia University](_URL_0_). He... | [
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rbeqm | According to NOAA's National Climatic Data Center, over 6,000 daily record highs tied or broken from Mar. 1-22! What the hell is happening? | And March isn't even over yet... | askscience | {
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"There was a bulge in the jet stream this winter, lots of highs in the area under it, it blocked the arctic air. North of it, temps were normal.",
"Important context for \"record\" temperature... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Ni%C3%B1a"
]
} | According to NOAA's National Climatic Data Center, over 6,000 daily record highs tied or broken from Mar. 1-22! What the hell is happening?
And March isn't even over yet... | [
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mfhuo | Hey social scientists, what do the data actually say about guns and crime? | It's often said by gun-control opponents that gun ownership reduces crime, and obviously we can imagine scenarios where we defend our homes from burglars with the aid of our trusty Glock, but gun-control proponents say you're more likely to shoot a member of your household than a burglar. There seem to be reasonable, i... | askscience | {
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"You may have trouble finding good studies with real data. This New York Times article discusses the ways in which the NRA has used its political clout to defund exactly the kind of research you are hoping to fi... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/26/us/26guns.html",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/AskSocialScience/",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_gun_ownership",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_intentional_homicide_rate",
"http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/content/160/1... | Hey social scientists, what do the data actually say about guns and crime?
It's often said by gun-control opponents that gun ownership reduces crime, and obviously we can imagine scenarios where we defend our homes from burglars with the aid of our trusty Glock, but gun-control proponents say you're more likely to shoo... | [
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ptprg | Is there any scientific evidence of the idea that harmful toxins build up in your body, that need to be removed by special diets, fasting, or other forms of cleansing? | askscience | {
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"First define toxin. Whilst there are actual toxins in existence, people talking about fasting and detox are often not being precise and scientific. Not only do they misuse the word 'toxin' they don't have examples of specific... | {
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"url": [
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"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chelation_therapy"
]
} | Is there any scientific evidence of the idea that harmful toxins build up in your body, that need to be removed by special diets, fasting, or other forms of cleansing?
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8rq24l | How does the deep sea maintain life? | Sun light is the main source of power for life but deep in the ocean is pitch black so, how does it sustain life without a high energy source like the sun flowing into the system | askscience | {
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"There are microbes in the deep sea that can perform chemosynthesis, by eating chemicals flowing from thermal vents on the ocean floor. There’s also whale falls, when a dead whale (or other large animal) dies and sinks to the bottom, along w... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrothermal_vent",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemosynthesis"
]
} | How does the deep sea maintain life?
Sun light is the main source of power for life but deep in the ocean is pitch black so, how does it sustain life without a high energy source like the sun flowing into the system | [
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1ko69o | Is natural lump charcoal ash with no additives good for your garden? | Google has a mess of answers that aren't helpful whatsoever. Everything from "Yes, it's great for the PH in the soil" to "No, the ash will turn into lye in the ground". | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"It depends on the acidity of your soil. There are ancient Amazonian groups who increased the charcoal content to decrease the leaching and reduce acidity of Amazonian soils . It's called terra preta.\n\n However, you don't wa... | {
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} | {
"url": [
"http://books.google.com/books?id=roPvNHFctQAC&dq=biochar&source=gbs_navlinks_s"
]
} | Is natural lump charcoal ash with no additives good for your garden?
Google has a mess of answers that aren't helpful whatsoever. Everything from "Yes, it's great for the PH in the soil" to "No, the ash will turn into lye in the ground". | [
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iykkn | Cocaine and tobacco residues found in Egyptian mummies, does this indicate trade with the Americas? | askscience | {
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"text": [
"Trade could have been possible. Thor Heyerdahl proved the way to Amerika by sailing the papyrus-boat [Ra II](_URL_1_) from Morocco to Bardados (I loved the books as a child.) in 1970. The way from Amerika has been tried by Dominique Görlitz... | {
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]
} | Cocaine and tobacco residues found in Egyptian mummies, does this indicate trade with the Americas?
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kzh28 | Vaccine conspiracy theories and hard science. | I am girding my loins to bring up vaccination with my non-vaccinating in-laws (their daughter is unvaccinated at 5). I previously posted [this](_URL_0_) hoping to get some other thoughts on vaccines in general. **Note:** They do not believe the autism/vaccine link and are generally evidence based, educated people. They... | askscience | {
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"text": [
"I will need evidence on you telling that they are \"evidence based\" people, because none of your four point tenets will ever find any ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.reddit.com/r/TrueReddit/comments/hi5va/new_study_nations_requiring_the_most_vaccines/"
]
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19948578",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21700236",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21666213",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21881549",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21677008",
"http://www.cdc.gov/rabies/specific_groups/veter... | Vaccine conspiracy theories and hard science.
I am girding my loins to bring up vaccination with my non-vaccinating in-laws (their daughter is unvaccinated at 5). I previously posted [this](_URL_0_) hoping to get some other thoughts on vaccines in general. **Note:** They do not believe the autism/vaccine link and are g... | [
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98k741 | Do magnetic and/or electric field have any influence on time and space? | According to Einstein, gravity has influence on space and time. Does magnetic field have influence on time and space? Does electric field have influence on time and space? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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],
"text": [
"As other people have pointed out, the answer is yes, but there’s something in the way you phrased the question I want to focus on. You said that gravity curves spacetime, and wondered if other forces do as well.\n\nIt’s much more accurate t... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-momentum",
"http://users.wfu.edu/ecarlson/modern/gr.pdf",
"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/do-electric-charges-and-m/",
"http://users.wfu.edu/ecarlson/modern/index.html"
]
} | Do magnetic and/or electric field have any influence on time and space?
According to Einstein, gravity has influence on space and time. Does magnetic field have influence on time and space? Does electric field have influence on time and space? | [
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ut67j | Are some people actually 'big boned'? | I've never really understood the phrase 'big boned'. Are there people that are simply born with 'bigger' bones than other people. That sounds kind of absurd saying it out loud but what do I know. Or is saying someone is 'big boned' simply a nice way of saying they are overweight? | askscience | {
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"text": [
"Everyone, please, if you are going to comment, leave your personal histories out of it. Make it scientific and leave sources where appropriate.",
... | {
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} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://sflchronicle.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/4K3Ma.jpg",
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"http://i.imgur.com/UpLaC.jpg",
"http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/03/110322105300.htm"
]
} | Are some people actually 'big boned'?
I've never really understood the phrase 'big boned'. Are there people that are simply born with 'bigger' bones than other people. That sounds kind of absurd saying it out loud but what do I know. Or is saying someone is 'big boned' simply a nice way of saying they are overweight? | [
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rqy09 | Is there a universally accepted way to accurately measure or gauge an organism's level of consciousness? | There are levels of consciousness from various organisms that varies from species to species, and even in a group of a particular species.
For example, most animals are at the physiological level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Their main focus in life is to find the next meal, how to stay safe, and reproduce. Some ar... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"Neuroscientist here, although nothing is accepted, one of the leading theories is that the unique information content in the brain can serve as a measurement, you can read about that [here.](_URL_1_)\n\nThere are a number of ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
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} | {
"url": [
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"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nociceptor",
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OYZnsO2ZgWo",
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bXgxJtuff5U",
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=... | Is there a universally accepted way to accurately measure or gauge an organism's level of consciousness?
There are levels of consciousness from various organisms that varies from species to species, and even in a group of a particular species. For example, most animals are at the physiological level of Maslow's hierarc... | [
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13m617 | Why do we care so much about the facial structures of our mates? | From an evolutionary standpoint, why do we see some faces as pleasant looking and want to be with those people? | askscience | {
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"To make it clearer, I think what the OP is trying to say is that facial features don't seem to provide any obvious evolutionary advantages, unlike the rest of our body. So we're selecting for an arbitrary set facial features for no apparent... | {
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} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
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"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facial_symmetry"
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} | Why do we care so much about the facial structures of our mates?
From an evolutionary standpoint, why do we see some faces as pleasant looking and want to be with those people? | [
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1cw2wv | Why, in a circuit, does electricity travel both directions in a junction and not just through the path of least resistance? | askscience | {
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"As ProblemIsInPants said, going through both resistances is the least resistive path. If you consider two (or more) resistors in parallel, the equivalent resistance is given by the formula\n\nReq = (R1*R2)/(R1+R2)\n\nSo Req i... | {
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} | Why, in a circuit, does electricity travel both directions in a junction and not just through the path of least resistance?
| [
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8ra295 | AskScience AMA Series: I'm Dr. Kathryn Bywaters and I am an astrobiologist at SETI working on developing new ways to look for life! Ask me anything! | To search for life beyond Earth, we first have to decide on several key factors, such as where we should look? An ideal place to look might be the icy moons around Saturn and Jupiter with their liquid oceans. However, once we decide where to look for life we then need to determine what we will look for and how we will ... | askscience | {
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} | AskScience AMA Series: I'm Dr. Kathryn Bywaters and I am an astrobiologist at SETI working on developing new ways to look for life! Ask me anything!
To search for life beyond Earth, we first have to decide on several key factors, such as where we should look? An ideal place to look might be the icy moons around Saturn ... | [
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4wqc2s | If I had a quarter that was as hot as the surface of the sun in my hand, what would it do to the earth? | askscience | {
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"Not much; the coin would vaporize, and the heat would disperse pretty quickly. You'd probably lose the hand. Maybe more.\n\nThe sun is not that hot on the surface, with an effective surface temperature of around 6000 K.",
"Quarters are ... | {
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} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
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} | If I had a quarter that was as hot as the surface of the sun in my hand, what would it do to the earth?
| [
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1jkh22 | Was proper science used in this study on prayer that was published in JAMA? | [This study](_URL_0_) claims a positive result of a randomized, controlled, double-blind, prospective, parallel-group trial of intercessory prayer for around 900 cardiac patients. Are there holes in their methodology or conclusions? Were pertinent factors overlooked? How significant, in its scientific meaning, is the r... | askscience | {
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"Although this is not my field, I think it's important to go beyond the title and abstract to look at what they actually did, and the outcomes they reported. As far as I can tell the experimental design is solid, but the outcomes, and in par... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=485161"
]
} | {
"url": []
} | Was proper science used in this study on prayer that was published in JAMA?
[This study](_URL_0_) claims a positive result of a randomized, controlled, double-blind, prospective, parallel-group trial of intercessory prayer for around 900 cardiac patients. Are there holes in their methodology or conclusions? Were pertin... | [
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53n4ny | Why are Au-Pt cubes used to detect gravitational waves in the LISA Pathfinder mission as opposed to other elements? | _URL_0_ | askscience | {
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"As far As I know that is due to the non-magnetic properties of these materiales, in this way you have them affected ideally only by the gravitational forces, in other words the blocks are really in free fall, without other external forces t... | {
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} | {
"url": [
"http://sci.esa.int/lisa-pathfinder/57906-lisa-pathfinder-exceeds-expectations/"
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"url": []
} | Why are Au-Pt cubes used to detect gravitational waves in the LISA Pathfinder mission as opposed to other elements?
_URL_0_ | [
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9fp68d | If it were possible to put a pipe straight through the earth, from north to south pole and you dropped a ball down the pipe what would happen? | askscience | {
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"Ignoring air resistance and assuming the earth is a homogenous sphere,\n\nThe force F acting on the ball while within the earth is described by:\n\n**F** = -GMm/R^(3)**r** where r is the distance from the centre of the earth ... | {
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} | If it were possible to put a pipe straight through the earth, from north to south pole and you dropped a ball down the pipe what would happen?
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4ogd2g | Does it take more energy to heat something up or cool something down, or does it take the same amount? | askscience | {
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"Just to make a top level comment with the answer. Cooling takes less energy than heating from a physics stand point. The specific heat of a material, energy per unit mass to raise it one degree, increases with ... | {
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} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
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| [
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yjkzc | If you're out camping and you pee around your campsite, are predatory animals more, less, or equally as likely to stop by? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"a quick google search gave me [this](_URL_0_) Q & A, which seems to think that peeing around your campsite would do more to attract animals (in this example bears) rather than deter them.\n\nI can see where you are coming from though, i kno... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.backpacker.com/community/ask_buck/34",
"http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2015546775_apwaurinemountaingoats.html"
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} | If you're out camping and you pee around your campsite, are predatory animals more, less, or equally as likely to stop by?
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15333a | [Physics] An astronaut leaves earth traveling at 0.9c, comes back, and he's aged less than everyone else. Since he and the Earthlings had identical speeds relative to one another, why is it that his clock experiences time dilation, as opposed to the Earthlings' clocks? | Couldn't we use the astronaut as our reference frame and conclude that the Earthlings should be aging slowly? Is it relevant that the Earth is so much bigger than the astronaut? How would this scenario play out in a universe with nothing but two spaceships, where one rockets away for a while, then comes back, and the... | askscience | {
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"> How would this scenario play out in a universe with nothing but two spaceships, where one rockets away for a while, then comes back, and they compare chronometers?\n\nLet's call the ships A and B. For concreteness, let's say A is the onl... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twin_paradox"
]
} | [Physics] An astronaut leaves earth traveling at 0.9c, comes back, and he's aged less than everyone else. Since he and the Earthlings had identical speeds relative to one another, why is it that his clock experiences time dilation, as opposed to the Earthlings' clocks?
Couldn't we use the astronaut as our reference fra... | [
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4aratv | Can metal shatter if cold enough? | Like in the movies, someone freezes a lock and breaks it, or Mr. Freeze freezing steel doors and driving through them? What real life effect does extreme cols have on metal? | askscience | {
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"text": [
"The key is that the metal needs to go through a ductile-to-brittle transition, if they have one. Most metals fall into one of two prim... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberty_ship",
"https://youtu.be/idMkzmXAgeI",
"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Schenectady"
]
} | Can metal shatter if cold enough?
Like in the movies, someone freezes a lock and breaks it, or Mr. Freeze freezing steel doors and driving through them? What real life effect does extreme cols have on metal? | [
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ioiao | Could someone give me some simple explanations of the theories about what the universe exists in? | I figure someone here could do a good job of explaining some of the theories to a non-physicist. | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"We can only observe that which is within the universe. If we can measure it, then it is by definition within our universe. If there is something \"outside\" of our universe, we can't possibly measure it, so it's not a matter ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
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} | Could someone give me some simple explanations of the theories about what the universe exists in?
I figure someone here could do a good job of explaining some of the theories to a non-physicist. | [
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wycc1 | How much jello would you need to stop a bullet? | My friend's were having an argument over the bullet stopping power of 2-inch thick titanium block and the conversation went on a couple tangents. [For reference](_URL_0_). And to reduce the number of variables, can we say 7.62×39mm ak round is fired at an infinitely long stretch of jello. when would it stop? any input ... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Are you specifically asking about *jello* brand gelatin, or will any gelatinous substance work?\n\nA (NOT FOOD) gelatin called ballistics gelatin is used as a roughly human tissue analogue, and the data sets on that are readily and reliably... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.kraftbrands.com/jello/"
]
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballistic_gelatin"
]
} | How much jello would you need to stop a bullet?
My friend's were having an argument over the bullet stopping power of 2-inch thick titanium block and the conversation went on a couple tangents. [For reference](_URL_0_). And to reduce the number of variables, can we say 7.62×39mm ak round is fired at an infinitely long ... | [
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10m692 | Is an apple separated from the tree alive or dead? | If I plucked an apple, does it "die"? More technically, how are processes in a plucked apple different from an apple still on the tree?
It's a known fact that fruit & vegs ripen when left alone; where do they get the energy for that? | askscience | {
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"text": [
"Technically, the cells that make up the fruit and the seeds ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Is an apple separated from the tree alive or dead?
If I plucked an apple, does it "die"? More technically, how are processes in a plucked apple different from an apple still on the tree? It's a known fact that fruit & vegs ripen when left alone; where do they get the energy for that? | [
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lr755 | Is it possible to "float" a metallic object in mid-air using magnets? | The idea would be that the upward pull of the magnet and the downward pull of gravity cancel each other out, so that the object would be essentially neutrally buoyant -- floating in space.
Possible? If not, why not?
| askscience | {
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"Yes, Google \"maglev\" or \"magnetic levitation\" to see all the ways this can be applied.",
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"url": [
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} | Is it possible to "float" a metallic object in mid-air using magnets?
The idea would be that the upward pull of the magnet and the downward pull of gravity cancel each other out, so that the object would be essentially neutrally buoyant -- floating in space. Possible? If not, why not? | [
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1emyk5 | What is a good analogy to explain the "peta-" prefix, as in a "Petabyte?" | Greetings, Ask Science!
I hope that this is an appropriate question, but I'm stuck. I'm producing a piece for radio and I would like to include some information about storing information at the petabyte level. The piece is about the Library of Congress and their digital audio-visual collection, which is now beyond 10... | askscience | {
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"Imagine one dietary calorie. You hear about them all the ... | {
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} | What is a good analogy to explain the "peta-" prefix, as in a "Petabyte?"
Greetings, Ask Science! I hope that this is an appropriate question, but I'm stuck. I'm producing a piece for radio and I would like to include some information about storing information at the petabyte level. The piece is about the Library of Co... | [
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1cy633 | How does microwaving a sponge sanitize it? | Are you essentially boiling it clean? | askscience | {
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2hqkku | Am I, as a human, closer in size to the earth or an atom? | askscience | {
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sdyzy | Where is the hypothetical sweet spot for stargazing? | I was reading about how you can't see stars in space, you need to be within Earths atmosphere. I didn't understand a lot of it. I also know that being in a commercial airliner over the ocean should get you away from most light pollution, the 'seeing' is not nearly as good as when in the desert on a moonless night. I... | askscience | {
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I was reading about how you can't see stars in space, you need to be within Earths atmosphere. I didn't understand a lot of it. I also know that being in a commercial airliner over the ocean should get you away from most light pollution, the 'seeing' is not nearly as... | [
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4ov9xt | What is the apex predator of a typical backyard? | [removed] | askscience | {
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1xcgrs | Do bonobos have sexually-transmitted diseases? How are they able to be highly promiscuous without medical consequences? | Humans suffer from a number of unpleasant and even lethal sexually-transmitted diseases like syphilis and AIDS. How is it that bonobos can be so universally promiscuous without suffering mass epidemics (epizootics) of analogous diseases? | askscience | {
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4xth1d | What is a good metric to identify the "uniformity" of a distribution? | I have a distribution of temperatures over a 2-D plane. Trying different methods (and simulations) to heat the plane as uniformly as possible to a uniform temperature. Sensors (and virtual sensors in CFD) placed along various 1-D lines (rakes) record a temperature distribution. As expected the edges are cooler than the... | askscience | {
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"url": [
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I have a distribution of temperatures over a 2-D plane. Trying different methods (and simulations) to heat the plane as uniformly as possible to a uniform temperature. Sensors (and virtual sensors in CFD) placed along various 1-D lines (rakes) record... | [
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zffg8 | If 8 years in advance, we detected that an object 1/3 the size of the moon were on a collision course with earth could humanity pull it's resources and save some small percentage of the species? How? | My first thought would be to start immediately building some type of circular space station in order to simulate gravity for long term space travel. Perhaps this would give us time to have a couple thousand people travel to mars and slowly start a city, first with material dropped from the space station then eventually... | askscience | {
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} | If 8 years in advance, we detected that an object 1/3 the size of the moon were on a collision course with earth could humanity pull it's resources and save some small percentage of the species? How?
My first thought would be to start immediately building some type of circular space station in order to simulate gravity... | [
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1w6vch | Why is GPS more accurate at getting my cellphone location than cell tower triangulation? | Is it just the accuracy of the times involved or is there something else? | askscience | {
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} | Why is GPS more accurate at getting my cellphone location than cell tower triangulation?
Is it just the accuracy of the times involved or is there something else? | [
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2blamn | Any examples of predators overexploiting their prey population, leading to the extinction of both? | Just trying to settle a bet. I'm aware that predator-prey dynamics normally involve oscillation in the sizes of each population. I've read in a couple of places that overpredation can lead to the extinction of the prey population, which can then cause the predator population to go extinct. I can't find any examples! Ar... | askscience | {
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"http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110411-160304",
"http://www... | Any examples of predators overexploiting their prey population, leading to the extinction of both?
Just trying to settle a bet. I'm aware that predator-prey dynamics normally involve oscillation in the sizes of each population. I've read in a couple of places that overpredation can lead to the extinction of the prey po... | [
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1i2xbw | When we hear a person's voice over the phone we sometimes think we can judge a person's physical attractiveness. Is this judgement accurate, or is there no relation? | askscience | {
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"_URL_3_\n\n_URL_0_\n\n_URL_1_\n\nYes, there is a strong correlation between attractiveness of voice and body.\n\nThis may be due to testosterone, oestrogen, and health. More testosterone means a deeper and more... | {
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"http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/anthropology-in-practice/2012/01/03/the-barry-white-syndome-why-are-deep-voices-attr... | When we hear a person's voice over the phone we sometimes think we can judge a person's physical attractiveness. Is this judgement accurate, or is there no relation?
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1i37dp | Would flipping your body every 30 seconds for an hour get you just as tan as lying on both sides for 30 minutes each? | askscience | {
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126982 | Have any questions on AskScience sparked any new research? | askscience | {
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"One of the other organizers is involved with education research and has made some conference presentations on it. Probably not what you're thinking of though.",
"An article I saw posted on reddit a few weeks ago concerning atrazine spar... | {
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lhsa1 | How where logs calculated when there were no calculators ? | I think log tables existed for very long time. How were they computed for various bases and with how much accuracy ?
edit: in title, its *were* not *where* | askscience | {
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"Actually, the same way they're calculated now (only by computers, not by hand)- series decomposition. Here's the wiki entry on taylor series: _URL_0_\n\nYou can represent the function as the sum of an infinite series of term... | {
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"url": [
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I think log tables existed for very long time. How were they computed for various bases and with how much accuracy ? edit: in title, its *were* not *where* | [
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1jpwl9 | What's the farthest that water can splash? | At sea level on Earth. Is there an equation for figuring out how far water droplets will travel after an object of certain mass and velocity is submerged? Because I assume that once you drop a big enough object (say, an asteroid) the water molecules will vaporize before traveling very far. | askscience | {
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"[High-Speed Jet Formation after Solid Object Impact](_URL_0_) (requires Login for the full version)\n\nGist of it - \n\n[The physics behind water spikes is remarkably complicated and only recently has their formation been accurately describ... | {
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"url": [
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} | What's the farthest that water can splash?
At sea level on Earth. Is there an equation for figuring out how far water droplets will travel after an object of certain mass and velocity is submerged? Because I assume that once you drop a big enough object (say, an asteroid) the water molecules will vaporize before travel... | [
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1ig9vd | It's 100 degrees in taipei and my friend tells me air conditioning from all these buildings causes the outside air to heat up. Is he correct? | It sounds a bit incredulous to me. I don't think ovens or internal combustion engines heat up the surrounding area to an appreciable extent, but they don't displace heat like AC does. I would think that the concrete, lack of vegetation, and smog cause cities to be hotter, but I may be wrong. | askscience | {
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... | {
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} | It's 100 degrees in taipei and my friend tells me air conditioning from all these buildings causes the outside air to heat up. Is he correct?
It sounds a bit incredulous to me. I don't think ovens or internal combustion engines heat up the surrounding area to an appreciable extent, but they don't displace heat like AC ... | [
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2yoltk | Ask Anything Wednesday - Physics, Astronomy, Earth and Planetary Science | Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on **Physics, Astronomy, Earth and Planetary Science**
Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small... | askscience | {
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"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2mzptf/can_we_prove_that_the_universe_and_everyt... | Ask Anything Wednesday - Physics, Astronomy, Earth and Planetary Science
Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on **Physics, Astronomy, Earth and Planetary Science** Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too specu... | [
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1eruv6 | Apogee, Perigee ... and 'Time' | Apsis = Farthest distance from orbiting body
Periapsis = Closest distance from orbiting body
earth orbits the sun in 'equal' 365 days, if the earth is farther away from the sun in apogee, then it has to cover more spatial distance to rotate and revolve around the sun at its farthest point (the outside of a wheel rotat... | askscience | {
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} | Apogee, Perigee ... and 'Time'
Apsis = Farthest distance from orbiting body Periapsis = Closest distance from orbiting body earth orbits the sun in 'equal' 365 days, if the earth is farther away from the sun in apogee, then it has to cover more spatial distance to rotate and revolve around the sun at its farthest point... | [
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6nx7f8 | Why do we need water? | This is an actual question, I know food provides protein, sugars, minerals and so much more, but what is the purpose of water? Like why do we need it , sure it has some minerals and what not, but nothing like food. Thanks guys!! | askscience | {
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} | Why do we need water?
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l9x8c | Why does the meat of animals that live in the water (i.e. seafood) spoil faster than the meat of land animals? | askscience | {
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16y5in | How can a headless insect continue to function? | I was watching a praying mantis eat her spouse after mating and the male mantis continued to try to escape her clutches even after she slapchopped his head off. How is this possible?
Video in question: _URL_0_ | askscience | {
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} | How can a headless insect continue to function?
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1s57f8 | Wait, energy isnt conserved? Please elaborate. | In reference to the question about the expansion of the universe it was mentioned that energy isnt conserved when taking into account the entire universe. It makes sense, now that I think of it, that if the galaxies are accelerating relative to each other that they're gaining kinetic energy. Is momentum still conserved... | askscience | {
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} | Wait, energy isnt conserved? Please elaborate.
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23yqjz | Hey /r/askscience, I'm having a hard time understanding how force carrier particles (gluons, etc.) work, can you help me clarify? | First of all, I am having a very hard time understanding how a particle travelling between two points (such as a gluon or a graviton) can transmit a force that has the effect of "pulling" the objects together or closer, as is apparently done by the Strong force and Gravity?
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} | Hey /r/askscience, I'm having a hard time understanding how force carrier particles (gluons, etc.) work, can you help me clarify?
First of all, I am having a very hard time understanding how a particle travelling between two points (such as a gluon or a graviton) can transmit a force that has the effect of "pulling" th... | [
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xilf0 | If you have a piece of steel rebar 1 lightyear in length and you pull on it at one end, how long would it take to notice at the other end? | Would it be instantaneous or would it take some amount of time? I assume it would take some amount of time, because the steel molecules have to react with one another. I guess I'm thinking the piece of rebar would be like a very ridgid bungee cord at that length. | askscience | {
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} | If you have a piece of steel rebar 1 lightyear in length and you pull on it at one end, how long would it take to notice at the other end?
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bdemuu | Why can every carnivore ear meat raw but humans need to cook it first? | askscience | {
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} | Why can every carnivore ear meat raw but humans need to cook it first?
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llf4c | AskScience AMA Series - IAMA published climate science/atmospheric chemistry PhD student at a major research institution | I am a fourth year atmospheric chemistry and climate science PhD student. My first paper was published last month. I work at a major US research university, and one of my advisors is a lead author on the upcoming IPCC report.
I will be around most of the weekend to answer questions. I'll answer any question (including... | askscience | {
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"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/llf4c/askscience_ama_series_iama_published_climate/c2tn1ax",
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} | AskScience AMA Series - IAMA published climate science/atmospheric chemistry PhD student at a major research institution
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5502pn | How did people measure light intensity before electronics existed? | One of the reasons Quantum Mechanics was first created was that the intensity of light radiated from black body did not agree with the intensity predicted by the Rayleigh-Jeans equation. My question ii: How could they reliably measure the intensity of emmited light for each wavelength? | askscience | {
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} | {
"url": [
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} | How did people measure light intensity before electronics existed?
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51ut5n | What career choice makes the highest percentage of people happiest? | EDIT: Just want to clarify that I am looking for jobs that correlate with people being happy in day-to-day life. I'm not necessarily looking for jobs that result in stress-free life (not the same thing) or job satisfaction.
And before anyone says it, I know correlation doesn't necessarily imply causation. Still, I'm i... | askscience | {
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"Happiness is difficult to measure, though one component of it could be lack of stress.\n\nA [survey](_URL_0_) was done for least stressful jobs and the top 10 were composed of computers, math, and healthcare.\n\n* Audiologist\n* Dietitian\n... | {
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"url": []
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"url": [
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"http://www.businessinsider.com/happiest-jobs-in-america-2014-1",
"http://www.forbes.com/s... | What career choice makes the highest percentage of people happiest?
EDIT: Just want to clarify that I am looking for jobs that correlate with people being happy in day-to-day life. I'm not necessarily looking for jobs that result in stress-free life (not the same thing) or job satisfaction. And before anyone says it, I... | [
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r7nm0 | What is the purest element that most people will encounter in their daily lives? | I was thinking about how steel's properties can change so drastically depending on the iron/carbon ratio (as well as other added elements), and wondered how close we've gotten to making a sizable block entirely out of one element, and what we might encounter on a daily basis that comes close to that. No other elements... | askscience | {
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} | What is the purest element that most people will encounter in their daily lives?
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ih61v | Tell us something you are aware of due to your field of science, that "normal" people do not know, and that has an effect on your life/behaviours. | Example: If you study food poisoning you may be reluctant to eat food prepared by someone else.
Please elaborate if this is something you think everybody should know about, and if it is good or bad knowledge (above example might be both depending on how you look at it...) | askscience | {
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"url": [
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"http://www.sciencebasedmedicine.org/index.php/the-great-sunscreen-cover-up/",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catenary"
]
} | Tell us something you are aware of due to your field of science, that "normal" people do not know, and that has an effect on your life/behaviours.
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4ovsna | Is there a material that allows movement in one direction but stops it in the other depending on how it is applied? | askscience | {
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"Yes, this is the idea of anisotropic behavior of materials; where the direction, with respect to the atomic arrangemet, matters with in terms of material properties. One example of this is the electrical conductivity of grap... | {
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r615d | What happened to virtual reality? Is it a dead technology? | askscience | {
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"http://www.sensable.com",
"http://www.3dvisor.com",
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2hw282 | World has lost more than half its wildlife in 40 years -- Can anyone explain the potential impact? | According to a new study released by the WWF, Earth's wildlife has declined by 50% in the last 40 years. As someone who is interested in the environment, I would like to know what impact this will have on the planet and our species. What can we expect?
Article: _URL_0_
Study: _URL_1_ | askscience | {
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"url": [
"http://www.cbsnews.com/news/world-wildlife-fund-wwf-half-the-worlds-biodiversity-gone-over-last-40-years/",
"http://assets.worldwildlife.org/publications/723/files/original/LPR2014_low_res-2.pdf?1412025775"
]
} | {
"url": []
} | World has lost more than half its wildlife in 40 years -- Can anyone explain the potential impact?
According to a new study released by the WWF, Earth's wildlife has declined by 50% in the last 40 years. As someone who is interested in the environment, I would like to know what impact this will have on the planet and o... | [
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jx56y | Is there a central location for knowledge? | Given all of the super-specific research going on and all the super specific discoveries, how do scientists keep from re-studying and rediscovering the same things?
If something is discovered how does everyone else in the field know about (or keep track of) the discoveries?
Is there one central location where all the... | askscience | {
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"> Given all of the super-specific research going on and all the super specific discoveries, how do scientists keep from re-studying and rediscovering the same things?\n\nUnfortunately, this is really hard to a... | {
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} | {
"url": []
} | {
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"http://www.cas.org/products/sfacad/index.html",
"http://scholar.google.com/",
"http://wokinfo.com/"
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} | Is there a central location for knowledge?
Given all of the super-specific research going on and all the super specific discoveries, how do scientists keep from re-studying and rediscovering the same things? If something is discovered how does everyone else in the field know about (or keep track of) the discoveries? Is... | [
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8d7e3f | Given an oscillatory system (electrical, mechanical or otherwise) with a single input and output, is an impulse response enough to predict the system's response to any other signal? | Assume you have an analytically defined black box.
Obviously, things like discretisation of signals would make things harder/impossible in the real world. | askscience | {
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"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Given an oscillatory system (electrical, mechanical or otherwise) with a single input and output, is an impulse response enough to predict the system's response to any other signal?
Assume you have an analytically defined black box. Obviously, things like discretisation of signals would make things harder/impossible in... | [
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1dsz5t | Why is the reflective mylar on the surface of spacecraft/satellites always uneven? | I understand the [multi-layered walls](_URL_0_) that covers most parts of artificial satellites and spacecraft that don't have to withstand atmospheric (re)entry is efficient, light, and shiny. Apparently it's used to insulate pretty much every man-made object in space.
My silly question is, why does it always look li... | askscience | {
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"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-layer_insulation"
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} | Why is the reflective mylar on the surface of spacecraft/satellites always uneven?
I understand the [multi-layered walls](_URL_0_) that covers most parts of artificial satellites and spacecraft that don't have to withstand atmospheric (re)entry is efficient, light, and shiny. Apparently it's used to insulate pretty muc... | [
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1n0q9d | Will we ever enter the titanium era? | askscience | {
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"url": []
} | {
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"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_revolution",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-age_system",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_Age",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_Age",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kardashev_scale"
]
} | Will we ever enter the titanium era?
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1x9s0e | FAQ Friday - What have you wondered about sleep? | This week on **FAQ Friday** we're here to answer your questions about sleep! Have you ever wondered:
- If a person can ever catch up on sleep?
- How we wake up after a full night's sleep?
- If other animals get insomnia?
Read about these and more in our [Neuroscience FAQ](_URL_2_) or leave a comment.
_____
**Wh... | askscience | {
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"url": [
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/search?q=flair%3A%27meta%27&restrict_sr=on&sort=new&t=all",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/wiki/index#wiki_answering_askscience",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/wiki/neuroscience#wiki_sleep"
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} | {
"url": [
"http://justgetflux.com/",
"http://www.polyphasicsociety.com/polyphasic-sleep/overviews/uberman-2/",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1x9s0e/faq_friday_what_have_you_wondered_about_sleep/cf9dpcm",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1x9s0e/faq_friday_what_have_you_wonde... | FAQ Friday - What have you wondered about sleep?
This week on **FAQ Friday** we're here to answer your questions about sleep! Have you ever wondered: - If a person can ever catch up on sleep? - How we wake up after a full night's sleep? - If other animals get insomnia? Read about these and more in our [Neuroscience FAQ... | [
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195f77 | What happens when a DC is introduced to an AC line without a capacitive coupler. (Dead short) | _URL_0_ - crude, simplified diagram to help out.
Let me start off by saying that I am a technician, not an engineer, so my advanced theory is limited.
Basically the control unit is fed AC signal from the generator, then processes whether the generator needs to ramp up or down. The exciter signal is sent to the genera... | askscience | {
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"400Hz AC... 28V DC... is this an airplane?",
"Without diagrams, major guesswork going on here but usually when you introduce DC to an AC system you are going to saturate the core (usually transformers but in this case a generator).\n\nM... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://imgur.com/8ql3pdr"
]
} | {
"url": []
} | What happens when a DC is introduced to an AC line without a capacitive coupler. (Dead short)
_URL_0_ - crude, simplified diagram to help out. Let me start off by saying that I am a technician, not an engineer, so my advanced theory is limited. Basically the control unit is fed AC signal from the generator, then proces... | [
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jz6oe | Can someone explain to me, in length, wth voltage is? | I'm a first year Electrical Engineering student, and am doing OKAY. This, to me, is not good enough!
I think the main problem is that I don't have a full grasp on the concept of voltage. The main reason being that the only definition I seem to be running in to during lectures is "It's the potential difference." Okay, ... | askscience | {
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"url": [
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} | Can someone explain to me, in length, wth voltage is?
I'm a first year Electrical Engineering student, and am doing OKAY. This, to me, is not good enough! I think the main problem is that I don't have a full grasp on the concept of voltage. The main reason being that the only definition I seem to be running in to durin... | [
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n8gd1 | My hand is made up of tiny atoms. So is this plank of wood. Is it theoretically possible for the atoms in my hand and the atoms in the wood to align in such a way that I could put my hand through the wood? | askscience | {
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"url": []
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"url": [
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} | My hand is made up of tiny atoms. So is this plank of wood. Is it theoretically possible for the atoms in my hand and the atoms in the wood to align in such a way that I could put my hand through the wood?
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7olxyx | Why does LIGO have such long arms? | I understand that it uses interferometry to detect gravitational waves, but why do the arms have to be 4km long? Thanks in advance. | askscience | {
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} | {
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} | Why does LIGO have such long arms?
I understand that it uses interferometry to detect gravitational waves, but why do the arms have to be 4km long? Thanks in advance. | [
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89ogfg | AskScience AMA Series: IAmA restoration ecologist focused on restoring oysters to the NY Harbor in New York City. AMA! | Hello Reddit!
I'm Dr. Liz Burmester, an ecologist with the [Billion Oyster Project](_URL_1_) - a nonprofit dedicated to restoring 1 billion oysters in the NY Harbor by 2035 through education and community involvement. I'm here to answer questions with help from Atlas Obscura.
Why oysters? As suspension (filter) feed... | askscience | {
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"url": []
} | AskScience AMA Series: IAmA restoration ecologist focused on restoring oysters to the NY Harbor in New York City. AMA!
Hello Reddit! I'm Dr. Liz Burmester, an ecologist with the [Billion Oyster Project](_URL_1_) - a nonprofit dedicated to restoring 1 billion oysters in the NY Harbor by 2035 through education and commun... | [
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21xu21 | Is the world outside our eyes blurry? | We have lenses that bend the light to our retina, but if those aren't set up properly everything is blurry. So if the lens is what makes us see sharply, does that mean the light on the outer side of the lens blurry? Does the real world look more like a gaussian blur in Photoshop? | askscience | {
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"Without a lens to focus light on a point or a cavity to limit light detection to a certain direction, a photosensitive cell would only be able to detect light intensity. The world would appear essentially feat... | {
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} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_field"
]
} | Is the world outside our eyes blurry?
We have lenses that bend the light to our retina, but if those aren't set up properly everything is blurry. So if the lens is what makes us see sharply, does that mean the light on the outer side of the lens blurry? Does the real world look more like a gaussian blur in Photoshop? | [
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j08am | If at all possible, how long would it take for a person in the Western (higher water standards) world to become acclimatized to the often non-potable water of developing countries? | I'm just intrigued as I'm currently in India and, although religiously adhering to the water-bottle-only policy, found myself with a bacterial infection after accidentally drinking the local water. For some people who decide to move to India, drinking only bottled water would quickly become rather uneconomical. So my q... | askscience | {
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"When I moved from UK to Philippines years ago, I started with the local tapwater. After 3 cases of amebiasis and 1 suspected Typhoid that put me in hospital for days, my advice would be to stick with the bottled water.\n\nIt'... | {
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} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/182/Supplement_1/S23.full.pdf"
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} | If at all possible, how long would it take for a person in the Western (higher water standards) world to become acclimatized to the often non-potable water of developing countries?
I'm just intrigued as I'm currently in India and, although religiously adhering to the water-bottle-only policy, found myself with a bacter... | [
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5pjtub | Is it possible using software to determine the hardware circuits of a computer system? | You can obviously find out a few basic things about hardware you're running with software programs; the amount of RAM channels, control operations on the microprocessor, etc, but how much further could you theoretically go in determining exactly the structure/nature of the circuits on which the software is running?
| askscience | {
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],
"text": [
"Unfortunately no - and it's the same problem we have with our own reality. :) \n\nWith any instruction you execute, the response returned may only be what the emulator you didn't/ couldn't know w... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Is it possible using software to determine the hardware circuits of a computer system?
You can obviously find out a few basic things about hardware you're running with software programs; the amount of RAM channels, control operations on the microprocessor, etc, but how much further could you theoretically go in determi... | [
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... | |
1ok18v | Nuclear Energy (different ways to 'harness' the energy) | Hi guys,
Quick question. I was just reading about how Henry Ford made a concept car with a nuclear reactor and it got me thinking.
Apart from using Nuclear Energy/Power to generate heat ---- > steam ---- > Movement of components (Generators, Turbines etc). Is there any other way for us to use Nuclear energy, or is ... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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],
"text": [
"as advanced as we like to think we are, we still get most of our electricity from boiling water.\n\nnuclear energy basically amounts to letting an excess of neutrons slam around inside some radioactive material accelerating t... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNAP-10A",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioisotope_thermoelectric_generator",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoacoustics",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoelectric_effect",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermophotovoltaic"
]
} | Nuclear Energy (different ways to 'harness' the energy)
Hi guys, Quick question. I was just reading about how Henry Ford made a concept car with a nuclear reactor and it got me thinking. Apart from using Nuclear Energy/Power to generate heat ---- > steam ---- > Movement of components (Generators, Turbines etc). Is ther... | [
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mqk6m | Could the principles behind the dyson bladeless fan be applied to airplane wings? | This isn't just layman's speculation, I'm genuinely curious about this phenomenon and would greatly appreciate it if anyone knows more about it.
I always thought it was interesting how the dyson bladless fan works. By using an impeller at the base, drawing air in and forcing it out through narrow slits along wing sha... | askscience | {
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"I actually worked as a research assistant on something very similar to this for a summer during college. [Here's a paper](_URL_0_) that describes some of the basic ideas behind the research. I specifically wo... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Sn5JL9t_C4"
]
} | {
"url": [
"http://flowsci.com/publications/AIAA_2005_1260.pdf",
"http://www.miami.edu/index.php/news/releases/university_of_miami_wins_prize_in_nasa_futuristic_airplane_design_competition_/",
"http://www7.miami.edu/ftp/acfdlab/CFJ_webpage/CFJ.html",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_jet",
"... | Could the principles behind the dyson bladeless fan be applied to airplane wings?
This isn't just layman's speculation, I'm genuinely curious about this phenomenon and would greatly appreciate it if anyone knows more about it. I always thought it was interesting how the dyson bladless fan works. By using an impeller at... | [
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1iib7a | If I took my piano to Mars and played a C major chord, (which would be in tune on Earth), what would it sound like? | Does the change in gravity and atmosphere effect sound waves, and could we approximate what it would sound like? Would it be flat or sharp or way way off? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Alright, I see two questions here. First off, how would the sound be changed that's coming off the piano. Second, how would the propagation of that sound change in Mars' atmosphere. Both are fairly interesting.... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://news.psu.edu/story/202637/2006/06/28/can-you-hear-me-now-not-mars",
"http://asadl.org/jasa/resource/1/jasman/v125/i2/p640_s1"
]
} | If I took my piano to Mars and played a C major chord, (which would be in tune on Earth), what would it sound like?
Does the change in gravity and atmosphere effect sound waves, and could we approximate what it would sound like? Would it be flat or sharp or way way off? | [
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17qsn1 | [Earth Sciences] The Amazon River has another underground river flowing under it. It this a river in the conventional sense, or more just water flowing through porous rock? | Further to that, it seems to me that an underground river, if it were actually open space (whether filled completely with water or also with air), it would be the largest cave in the world? Certainly longer than the Mammoth Cave system, so it seems more likely that it is not a conventional river. | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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],
"text": [
"The original authors of the paper put the word 'river' in quotes because they knew it was not the precise terminology. It is groundwater flow, not navigable by conventional means.",
"This gets posted in TIL occasionally, ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2011/aug/26/underground-river-amazon",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/worldnews/comments/jv809/underground_river_rio_hamza_discovered_4km/c2fg3m5"
]
} | [Earth Sciences] The Amazon River has another underground river flowing under it. It this a river in the conventional sense, or more just water flowing through porous rock?
Further to that, it seems to me that an underground river, if it were actually open space (whether filled completely with water or also with air), ... | [
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12hciq | Is there any science to "ridding your body of toxins" via exercise/sweating? | I recently started taking hot yoga classes at a local studio. They crank the temp up to around 95 degrees for the 90-minute workout and use a lot of language about how the heat helps you "sweat out the toxins in your body" and things like that. Yoga class aside, I've heard this sort of language used in regard to other ... | askscience | {
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"text": [
"The purveyors of such beliefs never actually define what exactly these toxins are or why their preferred method would get rid of them. It is, however, exactly the sort of vague he... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://health.howstuffworks.com/wellness/men/sweating-odor/does-sweating-cleanse-your-system.htm",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20534972",
"http://www.marksdailyapple.com/health-benefits-of-intermittent-fasting/#axzz2B1sfj1sF",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21106691"
]
} | Is there any science to "ridding your body of toxins" via exercise/sweating?
I recently started taking hot yoga classes at a local studio. They crank the temp up to around 95 degrees for the 90-minute workout and use a lot of language about how the heat helps you "sweat out the toxins in your body" and things like that... | [
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6kgjim | How does diet affect the risk of heart disease? | There is a lot of conflicting information out there. The common story is that (saturated) fat and cholesterol in meats are the primary culprits, but now a lot of (pop) science seems to claim that those are relatively harmless and sugars are instead the main culprits. What does the actual scientific evidence support? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"djlyn49",
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],
"text": [
"I don't have a lot of time to go into an in-depth answer, but cholesterol and fats were vilified mainly because when you looked at the hearts and blood vessels of people with cardiovascular disease, you see a lot of plaques which grow and h... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/96/9/3248",
"https://www.framinghamheartstudy.org/fhs-bibliography/index.php",
"https://epi.grants.cancer.gov/Consortia/members/caret.html"
]
} | How does diet affect the risk of heart disease?
There is a lot of conflicting information out there. The common story is that (saturated) fat and cholesterol in meats are the primary culprits, but now a lot of (pop) science seems to claim that those are relatively harmless and sugars are instead the main culprits. What... | [
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y0td4 | How do Olympiads keep breaking world records? Won't there come a point where they can be broken no longer? | I understand that technology has improved training immensively, swimsuits, nutrition, and training regimes, but eventually the human potential physically has to be reached, doesn't it? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Of course there *is* a limit, but the limit can be pushed further and furth... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.wimp.com/olympicsprinters/",
"http://www.livescience.com/21928-london-olympic-swimming-pool-tech.html",
"http://www.economist.com/node/21559903",
"http://www.sportsscientists.com/2010/11/limit-of-human-performance-how-much.html",
"www.jssm.org/vol9/n2/8/v9n2-8text.php"
]
} | How do Olympiads keep breaking world records? Won't there come a point where they can be broken no longer?
I understand that technology has improved training immensively, swimsuits, nutrition, and training regimes, but eventually the human potential physically has to be reached, doesn't it? | [
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