title stringlengths 4 300 | selftext stringlengths 0 9.63k | answers.text stringlengths 55 11.4k | answers.score int64 2 32.7k | title_urls.url list | selftext_urls.url list | answers_urls.url list | sent_vec list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
why do electronic instruments fail under high pressure, such as descending into jupiter? | what is it in electronics that would make something like a resistor or a ic chip fail in the high pressure of a jovian descent? they don't have an "internal pressure" that is overcome by atmospheric pressure, so what makes them fail? i can see why a descent into venus would melt your circuit boards and your flux capaci... | electrical properties, function, conductivity ====== conductivity, and of course all electrical properties are a function of pressure. while conventionally we think of solids as incompressible, this is far from true. this is why ice will melt at a higher temperature at higher pressures (water is weird and this is atypi... | 5 | [] | [] | [
"http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023%2FA%3A1012905520959",
"http://alexandria.tue.nl/extra3/proefschrift/PRF1A/7706749.pdf"
] | [
-2.965520143508911,
1.3412799835205078,
0.4591153562068939,
0.259025514125824,
0.3707149028778076,
-1.6442416906356812,
1.0705201625823975,
1.0489864349365234,
-0.11506491899490356,
0.6896975636482239,
0.4751790463924408,
0.5111472606658936,
0.3059901297092438,
0.6258422136306763,
0.9906... |
is there a specific purpose for ace to be in the lungs? | followup question: does all angiotension conversion happen in the lungs? edit: ace being angiotension conversion enzyme | ace is produced, produced in endothelium, lungs ====== ace is produced in endothelium throughout the body, but is mainly in the lungs. i'm not sure why it's mainly in the lungs. maybe someone could answer? i think it's possibly because the lungs are one of the largest endothelial surfaces. | 2 | [] | [] | [] | [
0.24677427113056183,
0.7794437408447266,
-0.1527291089296341,
0.0035042688250541687,
0.14922162890434265,
-0.6464222073554993,
-0.24992743134498596,
0.784574031829834,
0.9864462018013,
-0.17090743780136108,
0.24650605022907257,
-0.6337336897850037,
-0.5637474060058594,
0.21919625997543335,... |
what would be the consequences for a female chihuahua if she would get impregnated by a saint bernard? | smaller digestive tract, saint bernard fetus, smaller stomach ====== the mother chihuahua can only supply the saint bernard fetus with a finite quantity of nutrients, due to her smaller stomach, smaller digestive tract, etc. therefore the puppy will be stunted, a runt compared to ordinary saint bernard puppies, althoug... | 32 | [] | [] | [
"http://www.dogbreedinfo.com/c/chipit.htm"
] | [
0.4284514784812927,
-0.7866605520248413,
0.5513852834701538,
1.1980657577514648,
-1.6553107500076294,
0.07315486669540405,
-2.3662376403808594,
0.34640419483184814,
1.169158697128296,
-0.12363925576210022,
0.8283931612968445,
1.0721975564956665,
0.44155338406562805,
0.8805029392242432,
-... | |
why do bases "eat" flesh? | with acids it is because the released h-atoms react with the proteins and breaks up the pepitde bond. but how do bases work? | fatty acid esters, bases, saponification ====== bases do this through saponification. saponification is the hydrolosis of the fatty acid esters that make up our cell membranes. this reaction goes much slower than that of the acid, but when completed, the "flesh" or whatever organ it used to be should be dissolved into ... | 23 | [] | [] | [] | [
-0.36479002237319946,
0.8677865266799927,
0.8372182846069336,
-0.1677098125219345,
-1.2304929494857788,
-0.48889386653900146,
0.4750415086746216,
1.0065045356750488,
0.5751200914382935,
0.6638830900192261,
0.571172297000885,
0.11377385258674622,
-0.02032715082168579,
0.2260199785232544,
... |
why does the davinci surgical robot need to have its arms covered in some kind of protective layer? | [deleted] | cleaning issue, issue, putting a disposable ====== i’m sure it is just the cleaning issue. getting blood/gibs out of all the robotics would be a right pain in the arse, putting a disposable cover over everything will be cheaper, quicker and easier than having to sterilise everything every time. | 6 | [] | [] | [] | [
-0.7236917614936829,
0.10517680644989014,
0.08794693648815155,
-0.1649816334247589,
-0.03392364829778671,
-0.9019941687583923,
-0.2076275646686554,
0.106813445687294,
-0.4266417324542999,
0.09488322585821152,
0.2141583263874054,
0.967717170715332,
0.2559366822242737,
0.5276452898979187,
... |
with the recent elon musk video that got on the frontpage (link in the description), i heard it's groundbreaking for science, what's so special about it? | groundbreaking for engineering, groundbreaking for science, groundbreaking ====== its less groundbreaking for science and more groundbreaking for engineering. there exist no fully reusable rockets for getting into space. consider that the fuel that powers these rockets takes up a small 2-5% of the total cost of a launc... | 3 | [] | [] | [] | [
-1.4133189916610718,
1.2113827466964722,
-0.4898648262023926,
-0.7755573987960815,
-1.0149428844451904,
-0.9968386292457581,
-0.006563276052474976,
1.102333426475525,
0.6423296332359314,
-0.359222412109375,
-0.13562586903572083,
1.2172694206237793,
0.22952806949615479,
-1.0767817497253418,... | |
how is being cold blooded biologically beneficial. answer does not need to be in the form of an alliteration. | it would seem that being able to self regulate is the much better system. let me know what you think. | energetically expensive, cold blooded animals, warm-blooded ====== being ectothermic ("warm-blooded") is *extremely* energetically expensive. we (mammals) have to burn a lot of energy to keep our internal temperatures as high as we do. endotherms ("cold blooded animals") do not. this is why if you have a pet mouse that... | 3 | [] | [] | [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endotherm"
] | [
-0.7524051070213318,
1.7853271961212158,
1.7828912734985352,
2.6355457305908203,
0.9875790476799011,
-1.8991140127182007,
0.11212295293807983,
0.10080397874116898,
0.5949561595916748,
-0.37578487396240234,
0.124409019947052,
-1.195887565612793,
-0.9961242079734802,
0.4970722794532776,
0.... |
is it possible to "trick" your body into enjoying something. | neurotransmitters involved, single neurotransmitter, cognitive preprocessing ====== ok, first things first, endorphins are a mechanism (one of many), underlying the complex emotion we call "enjoyment." there are many other neurotransmitters involved in the experience of positive emotion (e.g., dopamine, 5ht), and there... | 23 | [] | [] | [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facial_feedback_hypothesis",
"http://www.communicationcache.com/uploads/1/0/8/8/10887248/nonverbal_behavior_and_the_theory_of_emotion-_the_facial_feedback_hypothesis..pdf"
] | [
0.776533305644989,
-2.661604881286621,
1.4673142433166504,
-2.440768003463745,
-2.639954090118408,
-3.6419146060943604,
7.479816913604736,
-0.8352417349815369,
4.563249588012695,
0.33022695779800415,
3.2911698818206787,
-0.7138442397117615,
2.3481595516204834,
-1.7930512428283691,
2.7435... | |
will a small amount of current still flow through a very high resistance (such as human tissue)? | for instance given a theoretical resistance of dry human skin at 100,000 ohms and a 12 v source, ohms law would put the current at 0.00012 amperes. is this just a theoretical value or does it actually happen in reality? | circuitry labs regularily, labs regularily deal, matter of fact ====== yes, this really does happen, as a matter of fact, .12 ma is not that small of a value, i'm studying engineering at university and my circuitry labs regularily deal with much smaller currents and much higher resistances. | 3 | [] | [] | [] | [
0.05108419060707092,
-0.08782967180013657,
0.2752276659011841,
-0.09485393762588501,
-0.5404059290885925,
-0.6829817295074463,
-0.9616232514381409,
0.32939445972442627,
-0.2832034230232239,
-0.22473713755607605,
-0.33027032017707825,
0.1955907940864563,
-0.3512597680091858,
0.1354143470525... |
in what way is the bohr model incorrect? | bohr model, angular momentum, bohr ====== probably the fundamental flaw in the bohr model is that it is predicated on both position and velocity of the electron being simultaneously well-defined. the treatment of angular momentum in the bohr model is discrepant with the proper treatment. the bohr model only examines on... | 10 | [] | [] | [] | [
-3.1824307441711426,
0.6807819604873657,
-2.394838333129883,
0.8462076783180237,
-1.1544300317764282,
-0.5514727830886841,
0.15022924542427063,
2.624223232269287,
4.399950981140137,
-2.201746940612793,
2.575779438018799,
-0.01816115528345108,
-0.59490567445755,
-1.320155143737793,
3.8712... | |
dilemma, how to get the right people to have kids, and dissuade the underclass from large families | i was watching a news report on the cbc today and they showed yet another reserve up north in complete squalor. the living conditions of natives up north is terrible, it makes me think that someone is devoted full time to screwing them over. that being said, every house was full of kids. why do people world wide in suc... | free condom distribution, low-economic status women, limiting limitless reproduction ====== increasing access to abortion and birth control - eliminating this access increased fertility among low-economic status women in romania in the 1990s ([see study](_url_0_)) sex ed, free condom distribution, low cost or free birt... | 2 | [] | [] | [
"http://www.columbia.edu/~cp2124/papers/fertility_latest.pdf"
] | [
0.03545883297920227,
0.5939205884933472,
-1.0518267154693604,
-0.08681067824363708,
-0.6088315844535828,
0.8121950626373291,
-1.6851742267608643,
-0.754876971244812,
0.24396535754203796,
0.09617525339126587,
1.899348258972168,
0.8136345744132996,
-0.15664541721343994,
0.8353760242462158,
... |
any books suggestions to start out on understanding physics? | physical law, character of physical, law ====== feynman's *the character of physical law* is a classic. it shows you what it means for physicists to figure something out. this is what makes it so valuable. (this is not to be confused with the textbook called *the feynman lectures*, which is great but is not designed fo... | 2 | [] | [] | [] | [
-0.9107670783996582,
0.39278650283813477,
-0.3738003969192505,
0.2558070421218872,
-0.13913750648498535,
-0.37189698219299316,
0.014981180429458618,
0.33494922518730164,
0.6308264136314392,
-0.2852685749530792,
-0.03238841891288757,
0.3804994821548462,
-0.6546967029571533,
0.80351972579956... | |
how does my body automatically know how to throw an object accurately when i pick it up(into a garbage can across the room), independent of weight/mass/density? what part of someone makes them more/less accurate than someone else? | i assume my past experience with similar objects, along with my brain receiving a signal from my hands/fingers determine the force necessary to throw the object a certain length, and my eyes tell me where to aim. | human instinct, throwing, species ====== throwing seems to be a human instinct and a trait that we excel at as a species. the "feel" of objects in our hands may be directly related to how we perceive we could throw them. this paper is a good look at how humans instinctively interact with objects and judge them partly b... | 105 | [] | [] | [
"http://www.ehbonline.org/article/S1090-5138(10)00127-3/abstract",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo%27s_Leaning_Tower_of_Pisa_experiment",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle_memory"
] | [
-0.15543954074382782,
-0.1911231279373169,
-0.1590980887413025,
-0.3881382644176483,
0.18348409235477448,
-0.8609622716903687,
2.125152587890625,
-0.12946271896362305,
0.9755672216415405,
0.7762356400489807,
0.5948314070701599,
-0.24380193650722504,
0.09652292728424072,
1.239487648010254,
... |
indicators in coloring books | back in the 50's we had a type of coloring book with blank pages. if you painted across the page with tap water a line drawing would appear. the lines were either red or blue, but never both colors on the same page. the paper was perfectly white and i knew about litmus paper even then. i still have not been able to fig... | plain white, page was plain, magic painting books ====== are you sure the page was plain white? my daughter recently had one of these magic painting books. there seemed to be small dots printed onto the paper. i assume that these are just dry paint so that when water is added, the paint spreads and the colour appears. ... | 3 | [] | [] | [] | [
-0.26475444436073303,
0.4989396035671234,
0.16469454765319824,
1.1319797039031982,
0.8839977979660034,
-0.07283267378807068,
-0.3943226635456085,
0.31006598472595215,
-0.04577769339084625,
-0.6717617511749268,
-0.6879740357398987,
0.6344739198684692,
0.13358387351036072,
-0.882030546665191... |
why does bird poo look how it does? | was pulling my dog away from some white bird droppings on the sidewalk when i thought about this. why does bird poo look so different from dog poo? or for that matter, most types of animal droppings a simple joe like me would be familiar with (brown, round, etc)? i've never had a pet bird, so i'm not 100% sure what fre... | birds actually urinate, characteristic smell, urinate and defecate ====== birds actually urinate and defecate at the same time - their urine is viscous and highly concentrated (i believe it has a lot of ammonia in it, which is the characteristic smell). the white liquid/paste is the concentrated urine and the black pel... | 2 | [] | [] | [
"http://marcypusey.files.wordpress.com/2012/02/bird_poo430x300.jpg"
] | [
-0.12370509654283524,
0.10496073961257935,
0.7113227844238281,
-0.24090036749839783,
-0.10325965285301208,
-0.9513894319534302,
1.6108136177062988,
-0.47397902607917786,
0.7051582932472229,
-0.2096337229013443,
0.10341642796993256,
-0.33617323637008667,
-0.45960885286331177,
1.154490113258... |
what branches of math would be relevant for answering these questions? | * given a topological space equipped with a function assigning a curvature to each point in the space, does there exist a (unique?) embedding with no self-intersections into some higher dimensional space? * given a topological space equipped with a metric function, does there exist a (unique?) embedding with no self-in... | metric, bit vague, question ====== your questions are a bit vague but that's okay. you have to give some more specifications on your space if you hope to find a helpful answer. all of the questions are within the scope of topology and geometry, although some touch on very niche topics that you may find in a mathematica... | 5 | [] | [] | [] | [
-1.918481469154358,
-2.5940864086151123,
-0.35577577352523804,
-0.6230538487434387,
-5.126631259918213,
-2.117532968521118,
-1.6376949548721313,
-0.7333530187606812,
3.242307424545288,
-1.8549952507019043,
1.1529133319854736,
-1.6395756006240845,
1.8382633924484253,
0.32684582471847534,
... |
[medicine] if you have to be at a desk multiple hours a day, what's the "most healthy" way to do it? sitting, standing, sitting on a medicine ball, something else? | cornell ergonomics department, sitting versus standing, cornell ergonomics ====== cornell ergonomics department have written a little about this specifically about the merits of sitting versus standing _url_0_ essentially both carry their own risks. it's much more important to change positions regularly, move around, t... | 20 | [] | [] | [
"http://ergo.human.cornell.edu/CUESitStand.html"
] | [
-0.3712671399116516,
-0.40144264698028564,
0.43171611428260803,
0.16933953762054443,
-0.035552024841308594,
-0.3928561806678772,
-0.6181264519691467,
-0.00040240585803985596,
0.3625178039073944,
0.14112970232963562,
-0.18654105067253113,
0.7965408563613892,
-0.012275353074073792,
-0.105445... | |
a galactic 'up'? | are the axes of other stars in the milky way aligned in any particular way (in the same way that planets in the solar system, but not uranus, have their poles pointing in a general up), or are there stars that (for no special reason) are aligned sideways relative to us? | pretty much random, difficult to determine, determine the axis ====== it's rather difficult to determine the axis of rotation of most stars, but we expect that their orientations should be pretty much random. we know that there are plenty of neutron stars which are strongly tilted with respect to us, because their radi... | 4 | [] | [] | [] | [
-0.055517733097076416,
-0.333799809217453,
0.23346471786499023,
-0.47512564063072205,
0.6350452899932861,
-0.20960383117198944,
-0.026716023683547974,
-0.5777974724769592,
1.518197774887085,
-0.4816548228263855,
0.22025956213474274,
0.3298553228378296,
-0.08637494593858719,
-1.095292568206... |
why isn't fermion degeneracy pressure considered a fundamental force? (and some related questions) | 1) since it repels particles, can it be considered a force? if so, why isn't it in the list of fundamental forces? 2) from my understanding, this pressure prevents the atoms from collapsing, and white dwarfs and neutron stars from turning into a black hole. so is it correct to say that matter has some volume solely due... | modern physics, ill-defined concept, concept in modern ====== 1) because, really force is an ill-defined concept in modern physics. while pauli pressure is a pressure in a way since the particles can't occupy the same states, there are no particles exchanging momentum, so it's not a force exactly. 2) yes, you can say t... | 5 | [] | [] | [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin-statistics_theorem"
] | [
-2.654249429702759,
-1.1491591930389404,
-0.8094396591186523,
1.7712414264678955,
-1.5028541088104248,
-0.28331243991851807,
-0.8959858417510986,
-0.4204237461090088,
2.01065731048584,
-0.7925673127174377,
1.3564881086349487,
-0.8711755275726318,
-0.15031641721725464,
-0.1866428405046463,
... |
how do you predict temperature/pressure relations above critical point? | phase diagrams end abruptly at the critical point. how do you predict what will happen to pressure in a closed vessel for increasing temperature above the critical point? i've read conflicting information, some says you can't use the ideal gas law, some says that it still applies to supercritical fluids. the discussion... | tank, class in college, thermodynamics class ====== this is a great question, and sounds like it would have been on a test in my thermodynamics class in college. a chemical engineer would need to do this sort of calculation before specifying tank materials/dimensions in a chemical plant. however, getting the answer is ... | 13 | [] | [] | [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equation_of_state#Peng%E2%80%93Robinson_equation_of_state",
"https://ws680.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=832438",
"https://inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Propane_Tank_Gas_Pressures.php"
] | [
-7.294071674346924,
3.1637282371520996,
1.9515149593353271,
2.769190549850464,
0.2236512303352356,
-3.4465770721435547,
0.9076149463653564,
4.780362606048584,
0.5555919408798218,
-2.0617804527282715,
-0.6343594789505005,
0.9527177810668945,
-0.6429786086082458,
-0.7243492603302002,
0.481... |
bowel microstructure in coeliac disease. | hi reddit, i've been learning about coeliac disease and other bowel problems recently. i was taught that coeliac disease as an inflammatory disease causing villous atrophy. my question is: is bowel archiecture always damaged by coeliac disease? or is it only restricted during an attack/when gluten is eaten. if so, do t... | villous atrophy, immune response, pathological immune response ====== the response to gluten is what causes the villous atrophy. if the epithelial cells of the villous mucosa are damaged by the pathological immune response to gluten, they will remain damaged until they are replaced by new cells after ~4 days even if th... | 2 | [] | [] | [] | [
-0.5745558738708496,
-1.4935988187789917,
-0.5007990598678589,
0.8014818429946899,
-0.5261076092720032,
-0.13072189688682556,
-1.1415069103240967,
0.9015753269195557,
-0.1819673627614975,
-1.6200251579284668,
1.4813976287841797,
2.039670944213867,
0.9521302580833435,
-1.5174742937088013,
... |
where do the blood cells of earthworms form? | if humans blood cells are created in bone marrow, then where are they formed in earthworms? | coelomic fluid system, blood circulatory system, open coelomic fluid ====== so earthworms have two different circulatory systems, an open coelomic fluid system (fluid filling the central body cavity called the coelom, and which also acts as a hydroskeleton) and a simple, closed blood circulatory system. in place of a h... | 6 | [] | [] | [] | [
-1.9181135892868042,
-0.7094444632530212,
-0.16836149990558624,
-0.278535932302475,
-1.0569562911987305,
-1.3506138324737549,
0.15706463158130646,
0.31831595301628113,
1.7615538835525513,
0.2542589604854584,
0.45107993483543396,
-1.049718976020813,
-0.08452817052602768,
0.3682701885700226,... |
high school black hole project. i have all the materials i need, but need some help sorting the formulas out. | so i have a [project on black holes](_url_0_) that i am interested in doing for my class, but the op of this project messed up the formulas a bit. i am now looking for more precise forms of these. i have found the first 2 on wikipedia (the radius and emitted radiation temp) but need help finding the others. also, could... | reduced planck constant, event horizon radius, planck constant ====== the event horizon radius is, as that document says, 2gm/c^2 . the temperature formula is also correct, except - as you say - it should be the reduced planck's constant. the equivalent mass is fine: it's just using the fact that a temperature t corres... | 2 | [] | [
"http://www.tas.idv.tw/faq/q1603.html"
] | [] | [
-1.2871344089508057,
1.7023553848266602,
0.567004382610321,
1.2961804866790771,
0.40801453590393066,
-0.7625669240951538,
-0.1488116979598999,
0.5307711362838745,
0.7952380776405334,
-1.2632663249969482,
0.9646821022033691,
-1.1095590591430664,
0.3501887917518616,
-0.26945143938064575,
0... |
if we 'magnify' a human and place him/her on a massive planet, will the body support itself both mechanically and biologically? | e.g. a 100x size of a human and place him on a planet that's 100x the mass of earth. | cross-sectional area, based on volume, close ====== no, not even close. the strength of bones increases as a square, because it is based on the cross-sectional area, whereas mass increases as a cube, since it is based on volume. large animals need to have massively thicker bones in comparison to their body size in orde... | 3 | [] | [] | [] | [
0.34989720582962036,
0.650421142578125,
1.4689531326293945,
0.5513535737991333,
-2.293025016784668,
-3.108849287033081,
-1.0528582334518433,
1.1076700687408447,
1.7275152206420898,
0.493124395608902,
0.6791572570800781,
0.9754719734191895,
0.658594012260437,
0.14462575316429138,
-1.08510... |
dr. robin carhart-harris from imperial college london is our guest on londonreal today any questions for him?? holla | found a specific, specific dose, effective ====== have they found a specific dose to be most effective? single treatment vs. multiple treatments? temporary like a couple months or longer lasting effects like years in the removal of depression? | 5 | [] | [] | [] | [
-0.7917656898498535,
-0.016402773559093475,
0.6668188571929932,
0.36391401290893555,
-0.32805517315864563,
0.8447772264480591,
-0.31532084941864014,
0.3626236617565155,
0.01796513795852661,
-0.26530128717422485,
0.22789406776428223,
1.6410462856292725,
0.022397663444280624,
-0.036611706018... | |
does brainwave app really work? | there are tons of reviews comment that the brainwave apps are truly working in various aspects. how is that possible? i have copied an introduction of that from one of the brainwave apps developer's website, here you go. how it works our brainwave entrainment apps utilize sequences of binaural tones to stimulate brainw... | peer reviewed journal, reputable scientific peer, scientific peer reviewed ====== if it's not published in a reputable scientific peer reviewed journal, don't assume it's correct science. everyone has something to sell... | 2 | [] | [
"www.banzailabs.com/brainwaveapps.html"
] | [] | [
-0.44743460416793823,
-0.4888191819190979,
-0.19317151606082916,
0.025835461914539337,
-0.25704607367515564,
-0.17277178168296814,
-0.45682385563850403,
-0.2587336003780365,
0.07871408760547638,
0.12947046756744385,
0.06372138857841492,
0.05253921076655388,
-0.19483724236488342,
0.23126377... |
would lamination damage a magnetic strip? | the bus passes here are very thin, and mine has to last a whole month. if i were to laminate it, would that damage the magnetic strip? do certain lamination methods work better than others? | heavy clear packing, clear packing tape, scotch magic ====== to avoid heating the magstrip and perhaps damaging it, i've used common "scotch magic" tape on the side with the strip, and heavy clear packing tape on the other side. the id card lasts much longer. sometimes the tape makes the mag strip *more* readable. and ... | 5 | [] | [] | [] | [
-0.8568935990333557,
0.14467650651931763,
-0.13266265392303467,
-0.510522723197937,
0.687752366065979,
-0.19124835729599,
0.4282875061035156,
0.4194878935813904,
-0.7800153493881226,
-0.3830333352088928,
-0.17855489253997803,
1.3015971183776855,
-0.4226016402244568,
-0.30113622546195984,
... |
how cumbersome are squirrel meals? | there is a german saying that literally translates to "arduously/ cumbersome the squirrel feeds itself" (own attempt at translating "mühsam ernährt sich das eichhornchen". ) this is used as an idiom, roughly equal to: little by little the bird builds its nest. anyway, i was wondering of a squirrel feeding itself genera... | lift up rocks, rip off tree, tree bark ====== not really. their diet is mostly insects, which they dig for, lift up rocks for, and rip off tree bark for. theres enough bugs in the wild to sustain hundreds of squirrels per square mile. they also eat berries, grass, and seeds from bird feeders in most areas. (im a wildli... | 3 | [] | [] | [] | [
-0.656947672367096,
-0.33277368545532227,
0.5462777018547058,
1.1738641262054443,
0.6118913888931274,
-0.09262683987617493,
2.289008617401123,
-0.867382824420929,
-0.44950324296951294,
0.9135066270828247,
0.49737268686294556,
-1.1535265445709229,
-0.2014692723751068,
0.790361225605011,
-... |
is this poisonous? | i just found this massive mushroom growing behind my house, there are currently 5 (6 with the one i took). each one being a bit smaller than the rest, what i'm wanting to know is, are these things poisonous? is there an expert out there who could toss some information my way? there's a picture of one here _url_0_ the m... | mushroom hunting blogs., url, poisonous lookalikes ====== might want to try asking _url_0_ i am not a mushroom hunter, but i have read a few mushroom hunting blogs. that looks like it could be a puffball, which would be one of the "foolproof four", which are four edible mushrooms which don't have many poisonous lookali... | 5 | [] | [
"http://i.imgur.com/QNftx.jpg"
] | [
"http://www.reddit.com/r/mycology",
"http://www.saveourskills.com/mushroom-collecting-101-foolproof"
] | [
-0.6095399856567383,
0.1550896167755127,
0.09563924372196198,
-0.14469002187252045,
-0.3778493106365204,
-1.2026331424713135,
0.8968511819839478,
-0.8588070869445801,
-0.012689106166362762,
-0.3106176257133484,
0.9473481178283691,
-1.4254298210144043,
-0.3857029676437378,
-0.12745994329452... |
how does the heart (or more particularly, the sinoatrial node i suppose) know when to squeeze, to pump the blood out? | some clarification: i looked up a few things to determine this, but the most i've gotten is that once x threshold has been reached for hyer/de-polarization, the node reacts appropriately. but i was wondering: is there any input into this pump/receive/pump/receive system from stretch receptors in the heart muscle, or ma... | node, signal, contractility ====== the signal for contraction of the myocardium is electrical and originates from the sa node. the sa node has specialized cells that ‘leak’ ions and once the membrane potential reaches a critical point an action potential propagates. from the sa node the signal travels through the atria... | 2 | [] | [] | [] | [
-2.5994393825531006,
-0.9049050211906433,
-0.7425723671913147,
0.5232817530632019,
-1.3635261058807373,
0.4365803897380829,
-0.32125124335289,
1.236119270324707,
3.5583319664001465,
-0.908873975276947,
2.1323328018188477,
1.409773588180542,
-2.8058724403381348,
-0.8030025362968445,
-1.47... |
what keeps me from shrinking into my schwarzschild radius? | sorry if this is a dumb question, im just a confused highschool student doing a paper on black holes. so stars are in perfect balance between the outward pressure of nuclear fission and the inward pressure of gravity, but when elements are exhausted, gravity wins and the star collapses, creating a black hole. am i simp... | yep, support against gravity, gravity ====== yep! all of the chemical bonds in your body provide the support against gravity, which, as generated by you, is minute. this is also why things like asteroids or terrestrial planets also don't collapse against gravity. you may then ask about the case of gas giants, which are... | 6 | [] | [] | [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauli_exclusion_principle",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_dwarf#Theory"
] | [
-0.9384869933128357,
1.214129090309143,
-0.2007732093334198,
-0.39377957582473755,
-0.29139336943626404,
-1.1800018548965454,
1.1135447025299072,
0.6145001649856567,
1.2383980751037598,
-0.29226744174957275,
1.2696529626846313,
-0.974029541015625,
0.5900886654853821,
0.19395436346530914,
... |
a question about aviation; pitot tubes and ias (indicated airspeed) | as a prospective pilot, i'm curious about indicated airspeed. i have a layman's understanding of the purpose of a pitot tube, and i'm writing my interpretation to acknowledge my understanding, rather than to explain what one is; it is an instrument that computes the ram force of oncoming air against a sensor, which can... | important to understand, dense air, aircraft behaves ====== yes. the data gathered from a pitot tube is useful (and this is important to understand) *because the aircraft wings are traveling through the same, less dense air*. so how the aircraft behaves (v speeds, etc.) is related to the ias. from a pilot perspective, ... | 4 | [] | [] | [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitot_tube",
"http://www.spaceagecontrol.com/pm/uploads/Main.Freepubs/nasa-rp-1046.pdf"
] | [
0.8530148863792419,
0.16490139067173004,
-0.677278995513916,
-0.982459306716919,
-0.6083579063415527,
-0.3183840811252594,
0.6004930138587952,
-0.2659294009208679,
0.7198562622070312,
0.10252125561237335,
0.5792930126190186,
0.5395005941390991,
-0.5340784192085266,
0.24616628885269165,
-... |
exergonic transfer of electrons (chemiosmosis) | i'm learning about glycolysis and atp synthesis right now in my biology class. i'm a little confused on something said in one of the my professor's lectures. he said that the, "exergonic transfer of electrons through the inner membrane leads to a h+ gradient across the membrane by the unidirectional transport of h+." w... | sounds slightly redundant, energy, sounds slightly ====== sounds slightly redundant - any chemical reaction has to be exergonic overall, or thermodynamics says it wouldn't happen. electrons move from cyt c to cyt c oxidase because it's energetically favorable, so that's exergonic and a little bit of energy is lost ther... | 3 | [] | [] | [] | [
-5.003745079040527,
1.5787163972854614,
0.3356696367263794,
4.214466571807861,
0.4360491931438446,
-3.1721813678741455,
3.0322206020355225,
3.140915870666504,
3.3896491527557373,
-0.9854773879051208,
3.2147445678710938,
-0.6982901692390442,
-0.7858965396881104,
-0.7005417943000793,
1.593... |
a common advice given to runners is to perform a "leg drain". does the practice have any real basis in physiology? | one website (and it is by no means alone in making this claim) suggests: > do "leg drains" by lying on your back with your legs extended vertically and feet propped against a wall for three to four minutes. this drains the blood out of your legs so fresh, clean blood can be pumped back into them when you stand up. some... | propping your legs, fresh blood, lymph fluid ====== fresh blood is always being pumped into your legs by your heart, so that part is bs. however, propping your legs up can help the flow of lymph fluid (which cleans your tissues of metabolic wastes) and help reduce swelling in the event of injury so it might be benefici... | 45 | [] | [] | [] | [
-0.289935827255249,
0.5583066344261169,
0.5310271978378296,
-0.21462461352348328,
0.0953533798456192,
-0.07913975417613983,
1.2672080993652344,
0.6576920747756958,
-0.23844023048877716,
0.19396677613258362,
-0.5313252806663513,
1.0621693134307861,
0.15676316618919373,
0.6046382188796997,
... |
i am a firefighter with a fluid dynamics question. when splitting a single 4" diameter supply line to two separate supply lines, why would i get more water from splitting to one section of 4" and one section of 3", as opposed to two sections of 4"? | so were were practicing filling tankers (trucks that carry 3,000 gallons of water each), and noticed something interesting. i will explain our setup. so we had a 10' length of 4" supply line coming off of a hydrant w/ ~60 psi of pressure. there was a manifold on the end of that section of 4" that splits it into two sup... | design multiple path, multiple path processes, processes every day ====== i design multiple path processes every day. we've got a rule of thumb that anything less than five psi of pressure drop in the entire system can only be single path because below that point minor differences can cause massive maldistribution of t... | 37 | [] | [
"https://i.imgur.com/c9BCvUs.png"
] | [] | [
-0.640288233757019,
-1.2441422939300537,
0.7369134426116943,
-0.10992699861526489,
-0.5314033031463623,
-1.9795200824737549,
0.5082242488861084,
0.28728049993515015,
-0.002812817692756653,
-0.31907394528388977,
-0.4413900077342987,
2.3395168781280518,
-0.8419910669326782,
1.250216007232666... |
why are some surgeries (for very rare diseases for example) so incredible expensive? | i've just seen an ad for a child requiring medical interventions costing as much as a few expensive houses. is there any science behind this or it's just greed? | rare disease, disease, experience ====== if it's a "very rare disease", then the number of surgeons with experience/training in that procedure is going to be limited. surgery isn't like working on a car, where one guy can pretty much do anything. it's pretty specialized. (yes, there are genral surgeons, but they do gen... | 3 | [] | [] | [] | [
-0.7176784873008728,
-0.29103630781173706,
-0.4111206531524658,
-0.7709216475486755,
-0.9355490207672119,
-1.0548760890960693,
0.3175417482852936,
0.9596173167228699,
0.31047725677490234,
-0.9014207720756531,
0.1226579025387764,
1.4144872426986694,
-0.5820565223693848,
0.5632020235061646,
... |
does solar sterilisation work? | i have a friend, who happens to be a scientist though this his not his field of expertise, who claims that filling an ordinary plastic bottle with water and leaving it in the sun for 3-5 hours will sterilise the water. | well-sourced wiki article, solar water disinfection, well-sourced wiki ====== see [the comprehensive, well-sourced wiki article on solar water disinfection](_url_0_). the idea is to make the environment in the water inhospitable to bacteria, killing them over a period of several hours. both uv and direct heating come i... | 2 | [] | [] | [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_water_disinfection"
] | [
-0.2720300555229187,
0.22951820492744446,
0.3704785108566284,
0.22869254648685455,
0.6661072373390198,
-0.24851839244365692,
-0.1427675485610962,
0.13027116656303406,
-0.34377339482307434,
0.7887287139892578,
0.0032439418137073517,
-0.6226310729980469,
0.4077221155166626,
0.524215102195739... |
how will the jwst "stop" at the l2 lagrange point? | i sort of understand a braking burn into a lunar orbit - as there's something to 'grab' you... but how will the jwst simply not swing on right by the l2 point? is it simply going to carry lots and lots of fuel and just burn it to a stop? | braking burn, simply entered, entering the orbit ====== you do a braking burn, just like you would for entering the orbit of a body, and then you've simply entered a new orbit of the sun, which will be in sync with the orbit of the earth. | 4 | [] | [] | [] | [
-0.040016911923885345,
0.19171865284442902,
0.446412593126297,
-0.15001142024993896,
-0.0027077943086624146,
-0.4709600508213043,
0.28107786178588867,
-0.294330358505249,
0.7276673913002014,
-0.571783721446991,
0.7024126052856445,
0.015639498829841614,
-0.12062577158212662,
-0.528192520141... |
how are core samples removed from the item that was just cored? | for example, if you want to take a core sample of rock, you could use an annular drill bit to drill down into the rock, thus creating a cylinder of rock located in the drill bit. however, the cylinder is still attached at the base. is there another type of drill bit used in this situation to somehow cut the base of the... | modern rock drills, rock drills lower, modern rock ====== modern rock drills lower the drill bit and rods through a casing. water is pumped throught the setting and mud and cuttings are pumped out. the process of putting pressure on the rock, plus the vibration of the bit regularly break the core off in segments. these... | 3 | [] | [] | [
"http://www.doucette-geology.com/OkTedi/CoreBoxes/ddh349/jpg/DDH349-box02.jpg"
] | [
-1.633060336112976,
0.03558909893035889,
2.1503841876983643,
0.391144335269928,
-0.9885127544403076,
-2.034691095352173,
-0.23250041902065277,
0.0024732276797294617,
-0.8353888988494873,
0.23769184947013855,
-1.117599606513977,
1.4413743019104004,
-0.2684237062931061,
0.07716004550457001,
... |
build the enterprise within 20 years, crazy or not | lot of salt, salt, enterprise ====== you have to take his statement with a lot of salt. if everything he says is true, then we'd have something that was *enterprise*-shaped, which would travel through space. slowly. no phasers, photon torpedoes, replicator, transporters, warp drive, holodeck (?), etc. still a pretty co... | 3 | [] | [] | [] | [
-0.5195443630218506,
-0.032745361328125,
-0.2555701434612274,
-0.5663930177688599,
0.15912112593650818,
-0.7246468663215637,
-0.10192400217056274,
-0.6181895136833191,
-0.44909238815307617,
-0.2200457751750946,
-0.13084065914154053,
0.4113890528678894,
0.18682394921779633,
0.41258931159973... | |
is there a way to do floor and ceiling functions using only 4 operators ( + , - , * , / )? | case of division, binary operators, domain ====== no. each of the binary operators (+, -, \*, /) is a function from r^(2) to r (in the case of division, some subset of r^(2)). furthermore, each of the operators is *continuous* on its domain. so any *finite* combination of them would also be continuous on its domain. ho... | 55 | [] | [] | [
"http://stackoverflow.com/questions/15201796/ceil-function-using-limited-set-of-arithmetic-operators"
] | [
-0.7451763153076172,
0.11498795449733734,
-0.380428284406662,
-0.9277685880661011,
-2.1915252208709717,
-0.1536550521850586,
0.5127185583114624,
-0.6813099384307861,
0.16689598560333252,
1.1182054281234741,
0.010243049822747707,
0.36656084656715393,
0.2848023772239685,
0.4663952589035034,
... | |
game clock stops at the end of an la kings game; kings then score the winning goal in the extra second the delay provided. amid accusations of foul player, their gm provides what he claims is a scientific explanation for what happened. is his explanation plausible? | first, a link to the incident in question: [video of winning goal with clock superimposed on screen](_url_0_) [la kings general manager dean lombardi's explanation of this incident] (_url_1_): > *those clocks are sophisticated instruments that calculate time by measuring electrical charges called coulombs -- given the ... | highly skeptical, clock, oscillations ====== i am highly skeptical. i don't know what kind of clock that is, but his description stinks for a few reasons. there is really only 1 popular kind of clock these days, the quartz oscillator, and it works by measuring the oscillations of a quartz crystal. those oscillations ha... | 10 | [] | [
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x_HK37lwMy4&feature=player_embedded",
"http://espn.go.com/nhl/story/_/id/7532676/nhl-looking-los-angeles-kings-scoreboard-error-win-columbus-blue-jackets"
] | [] | [
-1.457171082496643,
-0.292908638715744,
1.0846291780471802,
0.45914071798324585,
-2.5966196060180664,
-0.6202928423881531,
-1.4316799640655518,
-0.8102505207061768,
3.3804237842559814,
-1.3172281980514526,
-1.1707651615142822,
-0.036691129207611084,
-0.732686460018158,
-0.28800711035728455... |
why is 2pi radians not an identity? (video inside) | example video [here](_url_0_) demonstrates that two revolutions of something is different than four revolutions. why is this? | identity, move, back ====== 4pi is not the identity. the translation he does in the beginning is the identity, but that's not what he does the rest of the time. he does a "behind the ribbon" move that turns out to be equivalent to -4pi. let r = rotation by pi, and b = behind the back move. rr + b (1:10) this is now at ... | 2 | [] | [
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nat-EsReXtQ"
] | [] | [
-0.5049141645431519,
-0.053723886609077454,
-0.49910271167755127,
-1.2365890741348267,
-1.3148901462554932,
0.4600317180156708,
1.0478830337524414,
-0.16957631707191467,
1.0074734687805176,
-0.7237484455108643,
0.7188818454742432,
-0.5064984560012817,
-0.1377130150794983,
0.052754599601030... |
state space feedback controller design with a reference input? | in classical controls, to control a plant with a reference input the simple structure looks like [this](_url_1_). where the controller multiplies the error. i'm having trouble understanding why in state space feedback systems the gain matrix seems to always multiply the state variables rather than the error term. like ... | make more sense, sense to put, error term ====== yes, it would make more sense to put some 'control' on the error term! the reason you don't see it here is that a simple state feedback topology assumes that the system model is perfect, and in this instance, you can design the k vector (in conjunction with a feedforward... | 3 | [] | [
"http://ctms.engin.umich.edu/CTMS/Content/MotorPosition/Control/StateSpace/figures/statefeedback_motorp.png",
"http://i.stack.imgur.com/Poo39.gif"
] | [
"https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Lanre_Olatomiwa/publication/280599178/figure/fig5/AS:284520810074118@1444846455661/Fig-5-Integral-control-with-state-feedback.png"
] | [
-0.8197442293167114,
-0.3176111876964569,
-1.2466408014297485,
-1.1900455951690674,
0.024688787758350372,
-0.09503805637359619,
1.1546032428741455,
-0.003846898674964905,
-0.4652247428894043,
0.7478790879249573,
1.1051928997039795,
0.3657646179199219,
1.3549821376800537,
1.2712117433547974... |
what are ten scientific facts that you feel everyone should know? | concrete scientific theory, viable alternative hypotheses, scientific theory ====== i cannot represent all sciences as a biologist, but i think one thing is very important for everyone to understand, evolution is a concrete scientific theory, where are there are really no other viable alternative hypotheses. we can dem... | 7 | [] | [] | [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noether's_theorem",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_landscape",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_law_of_thermodynamics"
] | [
-1.9397953748703003,
0.012137278914451599,
-0.737342119216919,
0.4859069883823395,
-0.08626066148281097,
-0.863269031047821,
-1.262296438217163,
0.31088340282440186,
1.1453102827072144,
-0.4757424294948578,
1.5911606550216675,
-0.544254720211029,
-0.8720223307609558,
1.3541322946548462,
... | |
is it scientifically accurate to say that everything that will happen is already pre-determined? | if physical laws govern chemical followed by biological nature is it true in saying that everything will be carried out according to these laws? as in, in a certain chain of events based around scientific law is it impossible to diverge from the result of these events? this might be a philosophical question rather than... | quantum world operates, operates in probabilities, quantum world ====== the quantum world operates in probabilities. this reality is what caused einstein to lament "god does not play dice with the world" edit: wording, thanks mrpin | 4 | [] | [] | [
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/nxyp7/from_a_physics_standpoint_what_prevents_the/"
] | [
-0.8965394496917725,
0.0460624098777771,
0.32955074310302734,
-0.07421013712882996,
0.07236292958259583,
-0.24235282838344574,
0.16237780451774597,
-0.019387774169445038,
0.7611659169197083,
-0.23196642100811005,
0.2364751696586609,
-0.06472291797399521,
-0.08126221597194672,
-0.2415077090... |
how do urls work? | how can someone not just make another website with the same url, and redirect traffic? how do browsers find these urls and link to them? how do they work, in mechanism? | browser, server, dns server ====== through two mechanisms, both enforced by your browser. domains and certificates. the url has several parts, the most relevant here is the domain in the middle (e.g. _url_1_ or _url_0_). your browser looks up the ip address by talking to a dns server. that dns server then consults a ro... | 4 | [] | [] | [
"google.com",
"www.reddit.com"
] | [
-7.919252395629883,
-3.4675493240356445,
-3.854264259338379,
-7.645296573638916,
-0.957528829574585,
-3.716998338699341,
-1.7190881967544556,
-2.999523401260376,
5.104886531829834,
0.9137500524520874,
-0.3777739405632019,
3.8309993743896484,
4.007160663604736,
-0.603125810623169,
0.97932... |
would you have a higher chance in drawing lots if you drew second? | so let's say two people are randomly pulling lots out of a box in which only one is the winning one. as i understand the first person who draws has a 1/n chance of getting it and the second has a 1/(n-1) chance in which n is the number of lots placed in the box. does that mean that playing second would give you a bette... | chance, nope, chance of winning ====== nope! you have a 1/n chance of losing with the first players draw, and an (n-1)/n chance of not losing, combining that you need to not lose and to win you have an (n-1)/n\*1/(n-1)=1/n chance of winning if you draw second. same odds, oddly enough. | 16 | [] | [] | [] | [
0.36287689208984375,
-0.003588557243347168,
0.2473825216293335,
-0.2388753592967987,
-0.08788716048002243,
0.8420786261558533,
0.7062779664993286,
-0.15093180537223816,
0.6493954062461853,
-0.24870693683624268,
-0.3206087052822113,
-0.5692775249481201,
0.3164644241333008,
-0.24898052215576... |
why don’t everyday movements cause sub-concussive impacts? | i’m aware that the brain’s motion is dampened by the cerebrospinal fluid it floats in and by its tethering to the spinal cord and the meninges, but i have trouble seeing how this is sufficient to protect the brain from subtle damage just short of a concussion. i tend to visualize a brain-sized egg (with strange holes t... | make it bounce, causing different parts, shaking the jar ====== this is counterintuitive, but if the density of the egg in your example is roughly the same as the density of the fluid (so that it can float in it) then shaking the jar wouldn't make it bounce, it would keep floating roughly in the middle no matter what y... | 5 | [] | [] | [] | [
-0.8754751086235046,
-0.7789821624755859,
0.16438540816307068,
0.6702104210853577,
-0.008858323097229004,
-1.210801601409912,
-0.24873590469360352,
1.060563325881958,
0.23669768869876862,
-0.313997358083725,
1.2605478763580322,
1.3668582439422607,
-0.01357799768447876,
0.5383594036102295,
... |
what is it like outside our solar system? | i've been watching a lot of star trek: the next generation lately and it got me wondering about the space between solar systems. if a ship was out there (not in any planetary system in particular), would the crew be able to see outside the ship? i don't imagine the light from our sun would be strong enough to be a suff... | typically self-illuminated, star trek, self-illuminated ====== in star trek the ships are typically self-illuminated, for what it's worth. i know that doesn't address the question, but fanwanking it. (this is a point of stress in shows like voyager, where they're constantly "low on power" but the entire ship is lit up,... | 7 | [] | [] | [] | [
1.1052830219268799,
0.7467386722564697,
0.2201070487499237,
-0.08598032593727112,
0.1729663610458374,
-1.5258046388626099,
1.040290355682373,
-0.6727198362350464,
0.33534547686576843,
-0.0487707145512104,
-0.011645425111055374,
0.1477331519126892,
-0.11692419648170471,
-0.4536994397640228,... |
does the combination of yoga poses and extreme heat and humidity actually "flush toxins" and "cleanse the body's systems" as bikram yoga supporters claim? how? | [here](_url_0_) is some information about bikram and its supposed benefits. i have found a lot of websites explaining how it works, but not as in depth as i'd like. i still don't fully understand how, on a biological and physiological level, bikram yoga would produce all of these benefits (other than the obvious such a... | falsifiable scientific theory, toxin flushing, health fads ====== no, there's no medical evidence for "toxin flushing" health fads, it's not even a consistent or falsifiable scientific theory really. yoga is mostly just isotonic exercise. it's been shown to have positive impacts on flexibility, balance, muscle tone, an... | 16 | [] | [
"http://www.bikramyoga.com/BikramYoga/about_bikram_yoga.php"
] | [
"http://nccam.nih.gov/health/yoga"
] | [
-0.7060871124267578,
-0.8830834031105042,
0.12585261464118958,
0.6876813769340515,
-0.3191685378551483,
0.6244462728500366,
-0.6675848960876465,
-0.17063038051128387,
0.7073623538017273,
-0.09118536114692688,
0.7796674966812134,
0.8543568253517151,
0.5754250288009644,
0.8104472160339355,
... |
can an artificial nuclei exist? | okay, so the real question is when making atoms, a lot of the heavier ones start to break apart. the nuclei isn't strong enough to hold everything in and will eventually break apart, my question is, is it possible, with the current technology, to build something to aid the nuclei inside the atom from bursting apart or ... | protons and neutrons, collections of protons, protons ====== nuclei are collections of protons and neutrons. i think you are asking whether or not it would be possible to add some sort of additional structure to a nucleus beyond protons and neutrons. in that case, the answer is no, we don't even have an idea of how to ... | 2 | [] | [] | [] | [
-1.667130470275879,
-0.449608713388443,
0.5104857683181763,
-0.5769174695014954,
-1.7823017835617065,
-1.568350076675415,
-1.7525585889816284,
-0.043082863092422485,
1.7808029651641846,
0.03199290856719017,
1.1236953735351562,
-0.28799328207969666,
-0.5860819816589355,
-0.3386138081550598,... |
physics eei - how do i calculate error, with powers in my equation? | earlier misinformation, misinformation, divide both sides ====== sorry for the earlier misinformation! to obtain the percentage error of v, you need to differentiate the equation with respect to r. dv/dr = 0.5r^-0.5 approximating, δv/δr = 0.5r^-0.5 divide both sides by v, and with some manipulation, you will end up wit... | 2 | [] | [] | [] | [
-1.1947627067565918,
1.368537187576294,
0.25082820653915405,
0.4255827069282532,
-1.9946067333221436,
-0.1356639564037323,
0.6197445392608643,
0.8126416802406311,
1.5502021312713623,
0.2865528464317322,
1.1019859313964844,
-0.734997570514679,
0.8395247459411621,
0.23088355362415314,
-0.7... | |
would there be some type of material that we could make a very long (kilometer-ish) rod out of, and pull it, and have the other side feel the 'pull' about a second later? | i think it would be really interesting to see the wave travel through the material. i'm just curious if this would not only be possible, but be feasible. (i think 1 km rod, with an electric signal to activate the pull would be feasible) | low viscosity liquid, liquid, longitudinal wave ====== what you're talking about is a longitudinal wave, a simple example of what you're talking about is a low viscosity liquid (i'll elaborate on why) . think of a long pipe with plungers at both ends. if you push a plunger on one side, the plunger on the other end will... | 3 | [] | [] | [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgers'_equation"
] | [
-0.6688569188117981,
0.27993160486221313,
2.5037295818328857,
0.5730180144309998,
-0.9519984126091003,
-1.3536094427108765,
0.6550825834274292,
0.8854206204414368,
2.409543991088867,
0.12055578827857971,
2.3169004917144775,
0.620850682258606,
-0.907139778137207,
1.1544312238693237,
1.344... |
how does polarization matter in sisyphus cooling to millionths of a degree above zero? | i was just reading about a molecule being cooled to 50/10^6 degrees above zero. the article referenced a higher temperature which could be obtained through doppler cooling, but that this technique had limitations. the mechanism for doppler cooling and it's limit makes intuitive sense to me, to the extent that i could p... | linearly polarized light, polarized light, total angular momentum ====== circularly polarized light is used in laser cooling because it allows you to select transitions to a higher or lower mf quantum number (related to the direction of the atoms total angular momentum relative to an applied magnetic field) linearly po... | 5 | [] | [
"https://www.sciencenews.org/article/molecules-face-big-chill"
] | [] | [
-1.282530665397644,
3.096942901611328,
1.7906872034072876,
1.0639567375183105,
-1.876467227935791,
0.9402380585670471,
0.3863895833492279,
0.24257110059261322,
2.1150619983673096,
0.5724296569824219,
-0.010553181171417236,
-0.02136409282684326,
-1.3104162216186523,
-0.9546304941177368,
1... |
why do we require so much water when we expel almost all of it? | if this has been asked before, i will gladly delete it. why does almost all of the water we intake get expelled? shouldn't the human digestive system be more efficient? | critical solvent required, bodies are big, big sacks ====== our bodies are big sacks of waterlogged meat because they have to maintain a steady supply of that critical solvent required for the never ending cycle of chemical reactions that keeps us alive. | 12 | [] | [] | [] | [
-0.5346595048904419,
0.17599031329154968,
-0.44997715950012207,
0.12381022423505783,
0.4274396300315857,
-0.6158332228660583,
0.5466358065605164,
0.27312561869621277,
0.6459307670593262,
0.16061469912528992,
-0.06562766432762146,
-0.1591009497642517,
0.022034496068954468,
0.200472205877304... |
is there a reason surge protection isn't built into fuse boxes and is instead required at the outlet? | house surge suppressors, house, protect ====== there are whole house surge suppressors, but they only protect against surges which originate outside the house. to protect sensitive equipment from the surges that originate within the house (from air conditioner, refrigerator, other large appliances, etc.) you need a sup... | 15 | [] | [] | [] | [
-1.3288311958312988,
-0.11642733216285706,
-0.46150460839271545,
-0.7858496904373169,
0.0805065706372261,
-0.6750884056091309,
-0.19401520490646362,
-0.5730978846549988,
-0.6051040887832642,
0.2238575667142868,
0.6722577810287476,
1.55953049659729,
-0.17701660096645355,
-0.2647397816181183... | |
why are weeks 7 days long, hours 60 minutes long, and months 30(ish) days long? why these specific values? | i understand why a year is 365/6 days long, due to days and nights, but is there a scientific reason? why are weeks 6 days, and not 13, or 9? are is an hour 60 minutes, and not 100 minutes? why are months 30(ish) days long? why aren’t they all the same, and who chose which months are longer/shorter? | system, long time ago, long long time ====== i don’t know about the length of a week but i can talk to you about hours and minutes. our modern way of keeping time was actually first devised by the sumerians a long long time ago. the weird thing is, they did not use a base 10 system. they actually used a base 60 system.... | 9 | [] | [] | [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_month#Synodic_month"
] | [
-0.04635423421859741,
0.526060163974762,
-0.10874068737030029,
-0.8904145359992981,
-1.202467679977417,
-1.1419579982757568,
-0.9901731610298157,
0.33438119292259216,
1.1310944557189941,
0.2905724048614502,
-0.025825750082731247,
1.1578112840652466,
0.5122642517089844,
0.8495490550994873,
... |
if you explain a trait with evolution, is that scientific or merely speculative? | if we look at a thread like [can all of human behaviour be explained in the light of evolution?](_url_0_), can we say that such explanations of traits (human behaviour) are "scientific"? that is, do those explanations create some sort of scientific knowledge, according to mainstream scientific epistemology? or are they... | gathering enough evidence, selection, natural selection ====== it is, and gathering enough evidence to be able to definitively say that this is what happened is really difficult. however, to cite [one of my favorite examples](_url_0_), if you can show: * a phenotype you think may be under selection is linked to a parti... | 5 | [] | [
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/lu1ed/can_all_of_human_behaviour_be_explained_in_the/"
] | [
"http://www.oeb.harvard.edu/faculty/hoekstra/PDFs/Linnen2009Sci.pdf"
] | [
-1.5400371551513672,
-0.13431315124034882,
0.37607988715171814,
0.25748008489608765,
1.5676628351211548,
1.5159939527511597,
0.11812058091163635,
-0.3955409824848175,
0.998767077922821,
-0.49319931864738464,
2.6727426052093506,
-1.5377271175384521,
-0.020820215344429016,
-0.430246144533157... |
what are the causes for finland being so far down (24th) on the hdi in comparison to other nordic countries? | formal education, life-expectancy at birth, formula that ranks ====== hdi is more or less a formula that ranks countries on three categories: life-expectancy at birth, education (literacy rates and how many people receives a formal education), and, lastly, gdp per capita. life expectancy in finland compared to the othe... | 6 | [] | [] | [] | [
1.0885546207427979,
0.08284813165664673,
-0.16005703806877136,
-0.663955569267273,
2.1870579719543457,
2.034752607345581,
-2.395833969116211,
0.8185804486274719,
0.8158687949180603,
-0.2100883275270462,
2.572882652282715,
1.1111931800842285,
-0.8090064525604248,
-0.33031487464904785,
0.2... | |
how does the chemical composition of air influences our behaviour? | the air that we breath composites of multiple gasses: nitrogen (78%) oxygen (21%) argon(1%) carbon dioxide(0,03%) etc. is the current composition of air already influencing our behaviour (are we constantly "high" on air)? what happens to human behaviour when the current balance of the global chemical composition of air... | oxygen, blood, blood oxygen ====== we can talk knowledgeably about the long-term effects of more or less oxygen in blood, as that changes with altitude, and it definitely influences behavior. low enough blood oxygen leads to fatigue, constipation, stroke and heart attack, for example, though you'll acclimate somewhat o... | 2 | [] | [] | [
"http://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/indoors/air/carbon_monoxide_need_to_know.htm",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_toxicity",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1821130/",
"http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/xmlui/handle/123456789/7616"
] | [
-1.3373301029205322,
3.7993505001068115,
3.2499794960021973,
5.724201202392578,
4.17847204208374,
-2.328247547149658,
0.8519852161407471,
2.4405481815338135,
1.009805679321289,
0.18096789717674255,
2.4559056758880615,
1.7739689350128174,
-1.153923749923706,
2.613126277923584,
-0.50659757... |
how can there be shear in something that is only loaded axially? | i've been reading about stress transformation and am having trouble understanding it on a physical basis. i understand that for the axially loaded member you can take a theoretical cut into it at some angle, and for the equilibrium equations to work out there has to be shear. but what is happening at the molecular leve... | section under consideration, stress state, material ====== so you've got the concept that the stress state is a function of the orientation of the section under consideration. now, what if you had a material that was strong in tension but weak in shear? this is what happens in a ductile failure: the material slips alon... | 2 | [] | [] | [] | [
-0.38173121213912964,
0.2339555323123932,
0.850355327129364,
0.2654258608818054,
-0.7611007690429688,
-0.5777623653411865,
0.10133752971887589,
0.6713828444480896,
0.14713966846466064,
-0.28301531076431274,
0.07652319222688675,
0.37987691164016724,
-0.26574552059173584,
0.6763894557952881,... |
why does a cat's-whisker detector work? why does the position and pressure of the whisker matter? | metal wire, crude rectifier, crystal ====== the contact of the metal wire against a crystal forms a very crude rectifier (a diode). this allows current to go only one direction, and can hence derive the signal from an am broadcast. the crystal is actually a semiconductor, similar to the doped si used in making integrat... | 3 | [] | [] | [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%27s_whisker"
] | [
-3.6239075660705566,
0.4445074200630188,
0.5062603950500488,
-0.30692780017852783,
-3.454284906387329,
-2.0543668270111084,
2.325538158416748,
0.7216078639030457,
0.4829898476600647,
-0.4636791944503784,
-0.48778167366981506,
-0.7639415264129639,
-0.6482579112052917,
0.3748253583908081,
... | |
why is young's modulus of metals the same for compression and tension? | i've found numerous sources that say young's modulus for most metals is the same for compression and tension. this confuses me because i've also found numerous [sources](_url_1_) that show that the repulsion forces between atoms increases more sharply with respect to deviations from the undeformed position than do the ... | smooth energy minimum, similar recent question, energy minimum ====== yes, it's because a smooth energy minimum, regardless of its shape, looks like a (symmetric) parabola close up. i describe this mathematically [in this answer to a similar recent question on stack exchange](_url_0_). | 11 | [] | [
"https://imgur.com/a/GphHbQI",
"https://schoolphysics.co.uk/age16-19/Thermal%20physics/Heat%20energy/text/Forces_between_molecules/index.html",
"https://www.wired.com/2013/08/why-do-solids-expand-when-heated/",
"https://imgur.com/a/viFHV90"
] | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/408987/can-hookes-law-be-derived/408992#408992"
] | [
-0.8707014322280884,
0.40344077348709106,
-0.10888761281967163,
-0.13924524188041687,
-0.8334055542945862,
-0.6878678798675537,
0.21035844087600708,
0.15510183572769165,
0.39772096276283264,
0.14985713362693787,
0.4156786799430847,
-0.08255095779895782,
0.6074553728103638,
0.75992608070373... |
how does a lftr work? | i saw that this question was posted a few months ago, but it didn't give me the answer i wanted. i want to know what happens inside a lftr. like what do they do to produce the heat in the reactor, and stuff like that. please tell me if you don't understand my question, it's kida hard to explain because english is my se... | water nuclear reactor, water nuclear, lftr makes heat ====== the lftr makes heat the same way a water nuclear reactor does: it fissions a uranium (235 or 233) nucleus. this splits the one nucleus into two nuclei. the nuclei are very dense centers of positive charge. when the two positive charges see each other, at such... | 2 | [] | [] | [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorium-232",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_transmutation",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_fluoride_thorium_reactor",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactive_decay",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorium_fuel_cycle",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranium... | [
-1.7288780212402344,
1.4390461444854736,
0.37039223313331604,
1.4438927173614502,
-0.06733347475528717,
-0.41407403349876404,
-1.332324504852295,
2.6709773540496826,
0.4036572575569153,
-0.5429303050041199,
0.1638203263282776,
-0.3808906376361847,
0.2163105309009552,
-0.9107102751731873,
... |
is it possible to control which direction heat flows on the atomic of molecular levels? | is there a material that can transfer heat in desired directions rather than just march towards equalizing temperatures between two objects? i don't have a background in physics or chemistry, i just had a curious thought after thinking about how well my yeti cup keeps things cold. i'd love to learn more about our under... | heat, url, flow ====== thermal conduction is the transfer of heat by collisions between particles and movement of electrons within a body. heat likes to flow from higher energy places (hotter) to lower energy places (colder), and electrons and other stuff like to go where the [free-energy (combination of energy and ent... | 5 | [] | [] | [
"http://ffden-2.phys.uaf.edu/212_spring2007.web.dir/sedona_price/phys_212_webproj_lasercooling.html",
"http://ffden-2.phys.uaf.edu/212_spring2007.web.dir/sedona_price/phys_212_webproj_peltier.html",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoelectric_effect",
"https://van.physics.illinois.edu/qa/listing.php?id=1985... | [
-4.797901153564453,
4.834076404571533,
3.4775898456573486,
5.274160861968994,
2.5592730045318604,
-1.860945463180542,
1.1914381980895996,
0.438308447599411,
0.8526502251625061,
1.546571135520935,
0.42942100763320923,
-4.217101097106934,
0.21684610843658447,
-0.9681177735328674,
6.6567955... |
i read that the fastest way to thaw something is cold running water. why is this so? | large in magnitude, water, energy ====== water has a very high heat of fusion. that is, the energy to freeze the liquid or melt the solid is quite large in magnitude. so even if the water is cold, it still has quite a bit of ice-melting energy on account of it being a liquid. why running water? because by constantly re... | 3 | [] | [] | [] | [
-1.8271052837371826,
0.9475021362304688,
0.8498367071151733,
2.8966317176818848,
1.5699429512023926,
-0.8783213496208191,
0.28761056065559387,
0.38611671328544617,
0.20041990280151367,
-1.0684853792190552,
-0.6548739671707153,
-0.977428674697876,
-0.6471520662307739,
0.7700310349464417,
... | |
physics debate on kennedy assassination | before you eat me alive, this isn't a conspiracy theory. i'm having a heated debate with my friends about the physics behind the kennedy assassination. this is how it's worded online and i can't find a definitive answer one way or another on google. please help! "finally, the headshot. the fact that kennedy's head jerk... | head, president head, dvm to rockefeller ====== from the hearings: excerpts from testimony of alfred g. olivier, dvm to rockefeller commission, april 18, 1975. transcript of testimony taken beginning at page 21 of the testimony. dr. olivier, (a.) a wound ballistics scientist, is being questioned by robert olsen. (q.) q... | 5 | [] | [] | [] | [
-0.8025131225585938,
4.370978355407715,
-1.0260183811187744,
-0.8716733455657959,
-0.7086358666419983,
-0.1577744036912918,
4.81434440612793,
2.654782772064209,
3.5057225227355957,
2.2559821605682373,
4.498630046844482,
3.972932815551758,
0.9079632759094238,
-0.5791981220245361,
-0.53296... |
does electricity have inertia? | i understand that electrons have mass, does this mean that electric current has inertia? | hose has inertia, inertia, water ====== yes, in the same way that water going through a hose has inertia. but electrons generally move extremely slowly through a wire, so it's going to be extremely hard to measure. | 2 | [] | [] | [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_mass"
] | [
-0.3565111458301544,
-0.49214398860931396,
0.05884562432765961,
0.5842425227165222,
0.33574414253234863,
-1.2632999420166016,
-0.6090059280395508,
0.2761192321777344,
0.35337066650390625,
-0.09793459624052048,
-0.08126428723335266,
-0.363090842962265,
-0.8491891622543335,
0.792379736900329... |
what do the words "measurment" or "observation" mean in the context of quantum physics? | more specifically, what do they mean in the context of the uncertainty principle, double slit experiment, or entangled particles? | typically used interchangeably, common term, observation are typically ====== measurement and observation are typically used interchangeably, with measurement being the more common term. measurement of a quantum state will cause the state to [collapse](_url_2_) to one of the eigenstates of the observable (physical prop... | 18 | [] | [] | [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copenhagen_interpretation",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Many-worlds_interpretation",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_function_collapse",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghirardi%E2%80%93Rimini%E2%80%93Weber_theory",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_in_a_box"
] | [
-6.896693229675293,
-0.7017624378204346,
0.09097954630851746,
3.3334341049194336,
-2.900272846221924,
-2.322598695755005,
3.9457483291625977,
-1.5012447834014893,
5.733073711395264,
-1.19224214553833,
7.139839172363281,
-3.9448840618133545,
-1.5418789386749268,
1.8506689071655273,
2.1848... |
does matter contain information? | i'm asking a question im not even sure how to describe. hypothetically if we froze time would it be possible to determine the direction of travel of a a mass or particles? would there be something that indicates a particle has kinetic energy that means it will go in particular direction if time where started again? sho... | url, interpret your question, wavefunction ====== i'll try my best to interpret your question. (apologies if i get it wrong.) on a large scale, we can assign momentum to particles, and their past trajectories and interactions will describe their future positions quite accurately. this is [**classical mechanics**](_url_... | 10 | [] | [] | [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamiltonian_\\(quantum_mechanics\\)",
"http://srikant.org/core/node12.html",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_mechanics",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_function_\\(quantum_mechanics\\)",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deterministic_system",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/w... | [
-2.9075374603271484,
0.18071648478507996,
0.44540533423423767,
-0.47982728481292725,
-0.6800646185874939,
-0.9804866313934326,
0.38882237672805786,
-1.1975387334823608,
3.897808074951172,
-0.3056151568889618,
2.6610209941864014,
-1.4368455410003662,
0.5796847343444824,
0.8744206428527832,
... |
can electricity be conducted through paint-on materials to eliminate power lines? | handy person, url, home ====== not just possible, but practical for a reasonably handy person to try at home. _url_0_ as for not conducting to living things, you just need to insulate your painted circuit after it's finished. assuming you're working at low current, a coat of clear nail polish should do. if you want to ... | 3 | [] | [] | [
"http://hlt.media.mit.edu/?p=1376",
"http://solutions.3m.co.uk/wps/portal/3M/en_GB/ElectricalMkts/ElectricalSupplies/products/sprays-coatings/insulating-sprays/"
] | [
-0.995834469795227,
1.3765323162078857,
0.32928401231765747,
-0.21225406229496002,
-0.20115596055984497,
-0.7331005334854126,
0.17362454533576965,
-0.19226579368114471,
-0.5220727920532227,
0.014480844140052795,
-0.3596835732460022,
0.7817445993423462,
0.28122806549072266,
0.01346707716584... | |
does everything have an autoignition temperature? | i'm writing a story where the main character can use heat/thermal energy. for the sake of being as accurate as i can i've been researching melting point and autoignition temperatures for various objects. many objects i'd like to know about aren't listed, humans for example. the wikipedia page for autoignition temperatu... | combustible substances, water, oxygen ====== only combustible substances have an autoignition temperature. for example, when you combust hydrocarbons with oxygen, you produce carbon dioxide and water vapor. what happens if you try to burn water or carbon dioxide? the energy of the carbon bonds were released by reacting... | 5 | [] | [] | [] | [
-2.181279420852661,
2.8583836555480957,
2.0149190425872803,
1.6651880741119385,
2.3796346187591553,
-1.4149928092956543,
1.972530484199524,
2.0305593013763428,
1.2682452201843262,
1.0354117155075073,
0.42229294776916504,
-0.8396843671798706,
-0.8403570055961609,
0.10952895879745483,
0.88... |
why do some of us go mad/insane? | years, century as shell, home from war ====== insanity has had many different meanings over the years. mental institutions were overflowing in the early 20th century as shell shocked and ptsd sufferers came home from war, only to be told they were crazy and needed serious help. back then, electroshock therapy and lobot... | 6 | [] | [] | [] | [
0.3999253213405609,
-0.6936051845550537,
-0.06978577375411987,
0.44956234097480774,
-0.8153824806213379,
-0.7567470669746399,
0.2920355796813965,
0.20276758074760437,
1.2978792190551758,
0.2381315529346466,
-0.1960740089416504,
0.8825469017028809,
0.08134513348340988,
0.2259088009595871,
... | |
how did scientists discover the maximum g-limits of humans? | did they just keep testing humans or animals to figure out the limits? | fact test, test the effects, deceleration on humans ====== they did in fact test the effects of acceleration / deceleration on humans. one of the big research projects was led by [john stapp](_url_0_), which consisted of strapping people to a rocket sled to see what would happen (okay, it was slightly more careful than... | 45 | [] | [] | [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Stapp"
] | [
-0.4951971769332886,
1.1173080205917358,
-0.3695813715457916,
0.07818025350570679,
-0.911528468132019,
-0.2561013698577881,
0.2892444133758545,
1.0521751642227173,
-0.28596410155296326,
-0.7275487184524536,
0.6113672852516174,
0.7001160979270935,
0.24564053118228912,
0.25197795033454895,
... |
why is so common 12v and not 10v or 15v? | supply voltage, divides evenly, work with fractions ====== * it divides evenly by 3 and 4. that's attractive when you need to work with fractions of the supply voltage. similar to why a foot is 12 inches. * it may also have had to do with available batteries. 12 v is eight carbon-zinc or alkaline cells (nominally 1.5 v... | 23 | [] | [] | [] | [
-0.8164138197898865,
0.892084538936615,
-0.7326122522354126,
0.25820645689964294,
-1.1727715730667114,
-0.9089212417602539,
-0.1425042450428009,
0.6649696826934814,
0.5574929118156433,
0.2844410240650177,
-0.13304828107357025,
-0.3257569670677185,
0.12024825066328049,
-0.4560079872608185,
... | |
can an event occur before or after the other one depending on what frame of reference we are in? | two buses moving relative to each other with 30% the speed of light(4 light-min apart). now by some mysterious way bus 1 comes to the knowledge that after 3 min-bus 2 time the bus is going to explode. so bus 1 immediately sends instructions to bus 2 as to how to avoid the accident. as seen from bus 1 the information si... | signal, minutes, frame ====== when you say that the signal must be received by the bus within 3 minutes, you have to be clear about which frame those 3 minutes must be measured in. here you measure the 3 minutes in the frame of the signal emitter. but here you measure the 3 minutes in the frame of the signal receiver. ... | 7 | [] | [] | [] | [
0.3866492211818695,
0.7493639588356018,
0.07652027904987335,
-2.3348283767700195,
1.4341826438903809,
0.15144822001457214,
1.9252065420150757,
-0.9195263385772705,
2.2515363693237305,
-0.09448781609535217,
2.167057752609253,
0.7314852476119995,
0.8178099393844604,
-1.6551066637039185,
-1... |
is there a research that analyses how certain great discoveries are "bound to be made" when certain conditions are met - regardless of who made it? | technology, development, forecasting ====== there are several methods of forecasting that can generally be used to track these sorts of discoveries and predict them. i've listed a couple i'm somewhat familiar with below (i've mostly interacted with these through a technology forecasting course) trend forecasting: techn... | 46 | [] | [] | [
"http://andrewvs.blogs.com/files/martino-ch18-2.pdf",
"http://www.techcast.org/default.aspx",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Structure_of_Scientific_Revolutions",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_swan_theory"
] | [
-5.662716865539551,
-1.2732033729553223,
0.6624926328659058,
-5.732509613037109,
4.55176305770874,
1.2093143463134766,
-4.624038219451904,
-1.3707935810089111,
0.2625909447669983,
-0.43168777227401733,
-0.28851673007011414,
4.3348069190979,
3.1756222248077393,
-4.951659202575684,
-1.7737... | |
how could one determine the properties of a material before they actually making it? | if i wanted to make some new material out of elements x, y, and z, and i know the properties of those elements, how could i figure out what the properties (i.e. strength, shininess, malleability, etc.) of material xyz would be? | calculate general properties, solid state physics, general properties ====== to some extent you can. from solid state physics we can calculate general properties (and more importantly trends of properties) for a theoretical material. a group at nrel called the [center for inverse design](_url_0_) does this by screening... | 2 | [] | [] | [
"http://www.centerforinversedesign.org/"
] | [
-0.5127716660499573,
0.5885160565376282,
0.00725778192281723,
-0.15127837657928467,
-0.7928438186645508,
-0.3427966237068176,
-0.014019131660461426,
0.5187233686447144,
0.1369018405675888,
0.12444289028644562,
0.05640874803066254,
-0.2585887312889099,
0.00293809175491333,
0.655027031898498... |
if i were to take the shortest root from new york to los angeles, how deep underground would i have to go? | shortest path, maximum depth, follow a straight ====== if you wanted to take the *shortest path* you would follow a straight line that reaches about 7 km maximum depth. if you wanted to take the *fastest path* (for gravity anyway, a rocket train would be way faster), this can be approximated by the shape formed by [rol... | 2 | [] | [] | [
"http://mathworld.wolfram.com/images/eps-gif/HypocycloidIntegers_1200.gif"
] | [
0.3165279030799866,
0.08724591135978699,
-0.43448129296302795,
-0.9555349349975586,
-1.708003044128418,
-1.3697890043258667,
-0.5900160670280457,
0.05619116127490997,
-0.7610032558441162,
-0.17047515511512756,
1.16764497756958,
-0.35196778178215027,
1.158323884010315,
-0.5167914032936096,
... | |
could someone please explain polio and the "iron lung" machine? | as someone who has grown up in a country basically devoid of polio, i have always been curious about the disease and its effects. more specifically, i've always been curious about the iron lung machine, why it was needed, how it worked, how long patients used it, etc. thanks in advance! | respiratory failure, failure, url ====== because polio can cause respiratory failure. it uses negative pressure to make air enter the lungs. usually until they die or get a modern ventilator. _url_0_ | 6 | [] | [] | [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_pressure_ventilator",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002375/"
] | [
-0.9104088544845581,
0.6080319881439209,
0.18224172294139862,
-0.18587419390678406,
-0.5995348691940308,
-0.20506128668785095,
0.32094496488571167,
0.681222677230835,
0.493150919675827,
0.7077935338020325,
0.35177743434906006,
0.43716147541999817,
0.7295452952384949,
1.1788517236709595,
... |
is the neutral pion an eigenstate of mass? | so the neutral pion is written as (u anti-u minus d anti-d) (2)^-1/2. so what happens when we measure the mass of the pion? since the mass of up and down quarks is different (and antiparticles are assumed of equal mass), will we get two different values when measuring the mass of states like the neutral pion? | describes all particles, bare quark masses, bare masses ====== it’s not a mass eigenstate of the full hamiltonian that describes all particles and their interactions, because the pions decay. this means that there’s an uncertainty (a “width”) in the masses of the pions, inversely proportional to their mean lifetime. ju... | 7 | [] | [] | [] | [
-3.623090982437134,
1.609926462173462,
1.2865654230117798,
2.077329635620117,
-1.6167938709259033,
-3.394087791442871,
-0.6553981900215149,
0.3239392936229706,
3.173518419265747,
-1.0684120655059814,
1.4325090646743774,
-2.3437817096710205,
0.4961671829223633,
-1.2748668193817139,
0.8021... |
is it possible to touch a high-voltage power line phase exactly as the sine wave passed through zero difference to ground and not get shocked? | assuming i was grounded, if i could touch a high-voltage line extremely fast, if i timed it perfectly, would i not get shocked? | volts, peak, voltage ====== yes, but let's look at this in depth. let's say an overhead power line in your neighborhood is at around 1000 vac to ground. that 1000 vac is the rms voltage, so your peak is actually 1414 volts. now, let's say that you are marginally insulated and can contact a voltage potential of 50 volts... | 6 | [] | [] | [] | [
-1.766028881072998,
0.6797444224357605,
-0.8343160152435303,
0.5127362012863159,
-2.335078477859497,
-2.2618706226348877,
-0.8384376764297485,
2.134688377380371,
1.0539615154266357,
-0.06815031170845032,
1.2055609226226807,
-0.6228629350662231,
-0.5490313768386841,
-0.6980500221252441,
-... |
regarding statistics, of what significance is the mode? are there any useful applications? | categorical variables, terms of practical, summary statistic ====== in terms of practical use, the mode is often used as a summary statistic for categorical variables. for continuous distributions, the mode can be used in calculating measures of the [skewness](_url_0_), such as pearson's first skewness coefficient. the... | 8 | [] | [] | [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skewness",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixture_distribution",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimodal_distribution#Mixture_of_two_normal_distributions",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PERT_distribution"
] | [
-0.527146577835083,
-0.865794837474823,
0.5033460259437561,
-0.8348404169082642,
0.40001827478408813,
0.9767701029777527,
0.7994685173034668,
0.34987133741378784,
0.3033890724182129,
0.25824132561683655,
1.2451785802841187,
-0.4373950958251953,
1.0502374172210693,
0.5522969961166382,
-0.... | |
just saw a commercial for this cancer fighting procedure. how does this compare to surgical methods? | _url_0_ | surgery, patient, cancer ====== it will vary from patient to patient, depending on the type of cancer, where it is, its mutations, etc. your link is to one company that does [radiosurgery](_url_0_), which has been around since the 1960s-ish, and is pretty frequently used. the choice of whether to use surgery, chemo, or... | 2 | [] | [
"http://www.cyberknife.com"
] | [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiosurgery"
] | [
-1.43107271194458,
0.7037363052368164,
0.33215367794036865,
-2.500446081161499,
-1.9973520040512085,
-0.8480001091957092,
-0.831232488155365,
2.571638345718384,
-0.327905535697937,
-1.0307315587997437,
-0.33090412616729736,
3.3862428665161133,
0.4570012092590332,
-0.28348755836486816,
0.... |
what would you see if you looked directly into a high energy proton beam? | our retinas are not prepared to detect protons, but the destruction might be visible. how severe would the damage be, and what would it look like? | anatoli bugorski, particle accelerator, url ====== [anatoli bugorski](_url_0_) once had an accident where his head went into a beam from a particle accelerator. he reported seeing "a flash brighter than a thousand suns", apparently. | 7 | [] | [] | [
"http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatoli_Bugorski"
] | [
-0.16147494316101074,
0.4601711630821228,
0.4106846749782562,
0.1470804363489151,
0.3506421148777008,
-0.9873189330101013,
0.26080000400543213,
0.32085904479026794,
0.2594267725944519,
-0.30222469568252563,
-0.1409500390291214,
0.13343819975852966,
0.64508056640625,
-0.37036314606666565,
... |
categorically, is there a way to describe the behavior of constants? (transcendental, irrational, etc.) | i understand that constants such as the gravitational constant, coulomb's constant make up for the differences from designating arbitrary quantities as "1 unit", but is there anything that describes the behavior of these constants? obviously, we have a "foot-to-yard constant", 3, which is just an integer, but are other... | rational numbers, speed of light, light in meters ====== aside from the ones which are integers or rational numbers because we defined the units that way (such as the speed of light in meters per second), it would be a staggering coincidence if they turned out to be rational numbers. they are almost certainly all irrat... | 8 | [] | [] | [] | [
-1.0983010530471802,
0.2373255342245102,
-0.3220500648021698,
0.5458834767341614,
-0.21386487782001495,
-0.8574870228767395,
-0.39108145236968994,
0.7583354115486145,
1.152537226676941,
-0.5533310174942017,
0.4639885425567627,
-0.2409348487854004,
0.7108234763145447,
0.23776033520698547,
... |
just bought a microscope. a couple questions... | i bought a pretty good microscope from amazon for $195. it's the amscope m series biological microscope. it's been years since i've used one back in college and i was wondering why isn't there a light that shines from the objective housing? the light on mine only comes from beneath making it so whatever you're looking ... | highest powered objective, powered objective, highest powered ====== the oil is to put in between the highest powered objective and the slide. make sure you don't crack your slide or scratch your objective. this would also help you to see clearly on the highest power. some really simple things: your cheek cells stained... | 3 | [] | [] | [] | [
-1.495161533355713,
0.31224504113197327,
0.7317764163017273,
-0.23118147253990173,
-0.22619514167308807,
-1.493820071220398,
1.9735630750656128,
0.10949051380157471,
-0.07899561524391174,
-0.19648492336273193,
1.5980265140533447,
-0.6438952088356018,
-0.3580222725868225,
0.9030777215957642... |
has there been a study which looked at mass population measurements of human oxytocin levels, or scans of brain regions associated with compassion, across different decades, to see if there has been a general reduction of such hormones or brain activity over time? | brain sections, brain, sections ====== which brain sections would that be? btw don't overestimate oxytocin. you can't measure the level of compassion or love a person is feeling by measuring the concentration of oxytocin in the blood serum. too many variables interfering here. | 3 | [] | [] | [] | [
-0.05459405481815338,
0.08269499242305756,
0.06759609282016754,
0.9756383895874023,
0.014022164046764374,
-0.2551576495170593,
-0.09645137190818787,
0.19356262683868408,
0.33406081795692444,
-0.31990954279899597,
0.2655513286590576,
-0.3817282021045685,
-0.15666091442108154,
-0.12629759311... | |
skin on my tomato soup? | google was surprisingly un-helpful. maybe my search terms were off, but i kept getting recipes and the like. my question is: why does tomato soup get a "skin" as it cools off? | soup-air interface, interface, compounds ====== think about the soup-air interface. for hot soup in relatively drier air, moisture will evaporate at the interface, leaving a region on the surface that is enriched in all the non-volatile compounds. any of those compounds that are not very soluble in water may experience... | 3 | [] | [] | [
"http://www.wikihow.com/Stop-Skin-Forming-on-Soup",
"http://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090410054905AA72fda"
] | [
-1.0700024366378784,
0.16287770867347717,
0.15586183965206146,
0.9642734527587891,
0.7460324764251709,
0.1146358922123909,
2.626892566680908,
-0.10928413271903992,
0.9820998311042786,
-0.8769084215164185,
-1.2082841396331787,
0.16840368509292603,
0.1922483742237091,
-1.2049120664596558,
... |
why do you have to keep a person who is in critical state of health conscious? | by talking to the person, for example. | signs of shock, monitored for signs, shock ====== mainly so they can be monitored for signs of shock. in a trauma incident a 1st responder is looking to maintain the victim's airway, breathing and circulation. if they are alert and talking you immediately know their airway and breathing are decent and you can focus res... | 3 | [] | [] | [] | [
-0.6167253255844116,
0.38901418447494507,
0.03461209312081337,
0.74471116065979,
0.4467209577560425,
-0.09547072649002075,
0.8701220154762268,
0.17302928864955902,
-0.5045710206031799,
0.5114421844482422,
0.10732954740524292,
0.11057446151971817,
-0.5375195741653442,
1.103874683380127,
-... |
is it possible to power through a cold/fever? | could i go running instead of napping to sort of power through the illness? | elevated body temperature, intense exercise regimen, damage or death ====== cold possibly, fever no. the severity of the illness will determine what you can and can't do. having an already elevated body temperature while doing an intense exercise regimen could lead to exhaustion or possibly even brain damage or death. | 2 | [] | [] | [] | [
-0.2331552654504776,
0.43319419026374817,
0.6738776564598083,
0.7491452097892761,
0.6688441038131714,
-0.17558607459068298,
0.16064606606960297,
0.2501480281352997,
-0.18228298425674438,
-0.19441771507263184,
0.35369792580604553,
0.07752883434295654,
-0.1399235725402832,
-0.161333143711090... |
is there a way to prevent testicular torsion? | im irrationally scared of it. maybe even rationally scared of it. | undescended testicle, reduce the risk, risk of recurrence ====== [orchidopexy](_url_1_) is a surgical treatment that can reduce the risk of recurrence of testicular torsion (although the term also refers to the procedure to treat an undescended testicle), but it is more often performed as a treatment of torsion rather ... | 9 | [] | [] | [
"https://www.bmj.com/content/341/bmj.c3213",
"https://www.surgeryencyclopedia.com/La-Pa/Orchiopexy.html",
"https://www.bmj.com/content/suppl/2003/09/25/327.7417.694.DC1"
] | [
-1.1132813692092896,
0.7419630885124207,
0.8065084218978882,
-1.738222360610962,
-1.5920642614364624,
-0.4727456569671631,
0.7273181080818176,
0.3494963049888611,
0.49292460083961487,
0.1332494020462036,
1.4083119630813599,
0.7608511447906494,
0.950109601020813,
1.2487434148788452,
-0.46... |
what happens to endorphins after they're released? | i know that endorphins are released from the brain in moments of pleasure, stress, relaxation or various other activities, but i don't know what happens to them. do they explode and then reform? are we using the same endorphins every time we copulate? or do they exit through our pores...? i don't know why i want to kno... | find good info, ß-endorphins are small, small peptides ====== i'm sort of surprised that i don't know more about this, and that endorphin catabolism hasn't been a very easy search to find good info on. but here's what i do know: ß-endorphins are small peptides (only 31 amino acids). so, most likely they are broken down... | 2 | [] | [] | [] | [
-1.5965192317962646,
-0.8157250881195068,
0.30310744047164917,
-0.320168137550354,
-0.5114296674728394,
-0.27560293674468994,
-0.22400981187820435,
0.9426755309104919,
0.8402063250541687,
-0.4653419256210327,
0.33907294273376465,
0.2795180678367615,
-0.9733206033706665,
-0.3778241574764251... |
found this thing while looking for fossils. what is it? | the family and i were searching for fossils at [calvert cliffs](_url_0_) in maryland on the chesapeake bay and came across [this.](_url_2_) initially, it looks a little "turd-like" but it's [hollow.](_url_1_) also, it doesn't react to magnets, has some heft to it, and sounds like a rock when struck lightly with somethi... | lightning struck, struck the sand, sand and fused ====== looks like a fulgurite to me. lightning struck the sand and fused the grains together by super heating it. you can get some wild fulgurites with branches and such. | 2 | [] | [
"http://www.dnr.state.md.us/publiclands/southern/calvertcliffs.asp",
"http://i.imgur.com/cj0I7.jpg",
"http://i.imgur.com/W6qLL.jpg"
] | [] | [
-0.9204134941101074,
-0.2620455026626587,
0.4297316074371338,
0.5853208303451538,
0.5678393840789795,
-0.9273316264152527,
0.807718813419342,
0.06820902973413467,
0.10226370394229889,
0.15726101398468018,
-0.18745458126068115,
0.3252582848072052,
-0.05524975433945656,
0.49815833568573,
0... |
what is the blue liquid in porta poties and what does it do? | basically a deodorizer, smelly bacteria growth, inhibit smelly bacteria ====== it is basically a deodorizer. it contains: biocides to inhibit smelly bacteria growth, (blue) dye to hide the visible contents, fragrance to make the smell more pleasant, and surfactants to make the fragrance soluble. | 8 | [] | [] | [] | [
-0.5088857412338257,
-0.10908094048500061,
0.32541733980178833,
-0.026894129812717438,
0.9847161769866943,
-0.15246954560279846,
0.7777114510536194,
-0.2578539252281189,
0.06259284913539886,
-0.014027208089828491,
0.03585367277264595,
-0.04331007972359657,
0.10413944721221924,
0.1420242339... | |
are there any pulsars that 'wobble' on their axis, so that sometimes their beam reaches us and sometimes it misses us? | pulsar, absolutely, geodetic precession ====== absolutely. if a pulsar has a close companion (another star, not necessarily a pulsar), then relativity causes it to undergo a process called 'geodetic precession', which is the wobble of the rotation axis. i saw a talk a while ago about a pulsar that we observed in the pa... | 8 | [] | [] | [
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IgihQG8t0kI"
] | [
-1.0716768503189087,
-0.5202256441116333,
-0.11441563069820404,
-0.22864313423633575,
-0.7669121026992798,
-1.6513361930847168,
-0.6318835020065308,
-1.075089693069458,
1.0239728689193726,
-0.9049744606018066,
1.937000036239624,
0.5008206367492676,
-0.5541566610336304,
-1.0298995971679688,... | |
how do you calculate the amount of force exerted onto a person in a room of normal pressure when suddenly exposed to the vacuum of space? | i was watching star trek into darkness when during one scene, two of the characters use the force exerted by the extremely quick opening of an airlock of their ship to propel them miles away onto the antagonist's ship. as it was only a movie, i held my disbelief. still, it got me thinking: how much force would be exert... | interesting question, air, force ====== this is a very interesting question. you would be able to model it by considering a differential equation. the force would be put onto the person due to air rushing out the door into the vacuum of space. the force (essentially due to air resistance of the bodies) will drop off qu... | 2 | [] | [] | [] | [
-0.4671405553817749,
1.6571521759033203,
-0.8712284564971924,
0.176961749792099,
-1.1207131147384644,
-0.12170800566673279,
1.447275161743164,
-0.17322619259357452,
1.8827234506607056,
0.6607546210289001,
2.9920098781585693,
0.8236535787582397,
0.08886294811964035,
0.8274779319763184,
1.... |
when is a person at their physical peak? | at what age does someone reach their physical peak? edit: let's say the person is a gymnast. | edit, female, female or male ====== female or male (to your edit)? females, in their teens. males i believe in their mid to late twenties. i wish i had a source, but i read something about humans reaching their peak running shape at 27, and interestingly, it takes them until 62 to hit the point they were at 19. | 6 | [] | [] | [
"http://www.statcrunch.com/5.0/viewreport.php?reportid=6960",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnastics_all-around_champions_by_age"
] | [
0.5981959700584412,
0.6300421953201294,
0.26159340143203735,
0.16440479457378387,
-0.4637816548347473,
-0.6961730122566223,
-0.41436657309532166,
0.4216575622558594,
-0.1604977250099182,
0.6081299185752869,
1.080733299255371,
-0.42872154712677,
0.5509335994720459,
-0.6293566226959229,
0.... |
in a hot desert how should a canteen of water be rationed? | often times in books and movies when a character is going through a hot desert they poor water on their head, drink it all at once, or barely drink it at all. if you're ever stranded in a hot desert and only have a canteen or two of water, how exactly is the best way to ration it? | stupid if dehydration, brain hydrated, fear ====== i'd say that pouring it over your head is just stupid if dehydration is a fear. also, i found this: it is important to drink enough to keep the brain hydrated. the recommended sipping and wetting the lips is a misuse of available water. such rationing causes the less i... | 11 | [] | [] | [] | [
0.08395567536354065,
0.3343393802642822,
1.040773630142212,
0.6863100528717041,
0.7808042168617249,
-0.8105881810188293,
2.217857837677002,
0.34712302684783936,
1.223143219947815,
-0.12781426310539246,
-0.16377189755439758,
-1.5522208213806152,
-0.7007128000259399,
0.3229711949825287,
0.... |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.