title stringlengths 1 1.19k | keywords stringlengths 0 668 | concept stringlengths 0 909 | paragraph stringlengths 0 61.8k | PMID stringlengths 10 11 |
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The sequence effect improved on open and closed-loop STN DBS | PD | One of the debilitating features of the sequence effect in PD is that it does not improve on levodopa or during repetitive transmagnetic stimulation (rTMS) [ | PMC10357155 | |
Neural basis of the sequence effect and potential mechanism for the therapeutic effect of DBS | Several studies suggest that the sequence effect may arise from pathological neural activity in cortical, subcortical and cerebellar circuitry that contribute to central drive, motor sequencing, sensorimotor integration, timing cues, and updating of the motor set [ | PMC10357155 | ||
Limitations | PD, bradykinesia | DISEASE, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | The experiments were all performed off medication and thus we cannot assert whether or not medication improved the sequence effect of this particular task, calculated by this metric. The study was focused on a novel metric of the sequence effect, its validation as a measure of bradykinesia and overall PD disease severi... | PMC10357155 |
Conclusions | PD, lower extremity bradykinesia | In this study we demonstrated that a quantitative metric of the sequence effect in upper limb movement strongly correlated with overall motor disability and upper and lower extremity bradykinesia in PD and worsened over time in a longitudinal cohort. In a careful examination of randomized presentations of different int... | PMC10357155 | |
FUNDING | Parkinson’s, NINDS | FOX, BRAIN | This study was funded by the NIH Brain Initiative Grant 1UH3NS107709, NINDS Grant 5 R21 NS096398-02, PF-FBS-2024 from the Parkinson’s Foundation, Michael J. Fox Foundation (9605), Robert and Ruth Halperin Foundation, John A. Blume Foundation, and Helen M. Cahill Award. Medtronic PLC provided devices but no financial su... | PMC10357155 |
CONFLICT OF INTEREST | H.M.B.-S. serves on a clinical advisory board for Medtronic PLC.All other authors have no conflict of interest to report. | PMC10357155 | ||
DATA AVAILABILITY | Data supporting the findings of this study will be made available on request when possible from the corresponding author. | PMC10357155 | ||
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | We would like to thank Chioma Anidi and Muhammad Furqan Afzal for their contributions to experimental design and data collection for the study. We would also like to thank the rest of the members of the Human Motor Control and Neuromodulation laboratory, Dr. Jaimie Henderson, and, most importantly, the participants who... | PMC10357155 | ||
REFERENCES | PMC10357155 | |||
1. Introduction | obesity, NCD, cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, FOP, WL | OBESITY, CANCER, DISEASES, SHOP | One common strategy for governments to tackle the non-communicable disease (NCD) epidemic is front-of-package (FOP) nutrition labeling. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is considering implementing a new FOP label that is based on either France’s Nutri-Score (NS), which labels all foods (A = healthiest to E = least hea... | PMC10343722 |
2. Materials and Methods | PMC10343722 | |||
2.1. Online Grocery Store | The study took advantage of an experimental online grocery store developed for research purposes (For this study, products were primarily selected from an online store of a large Saudi supermarket, called Danube ( | PMC10343722 | ||
2.2. Experimental Design | WL | The study was a three-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT) design with three versions of the grocery store (the no-label control, the NS, and the WL arms; see In | PMC10343722 | |
2.3. Participants and Procedures | obesity, WL, diabetes | OBESITY, HYPERTENSION, SHOP, DIABETES | Participants were recruited from July to August 2021 from the Kantar online web panel of Saudi Arabian citizens and residents. Prospective participants were asked to complete an online screener to determine their eligibility. They were eligible if they were aged 18 years or older, were KSA residents, able to read and w... | PMC10343722 |
2.4. Statistical Analyses | PMC10343722 | |||
2.4.1. Outcome Variables | SECONDARY | The primary outcome was a holistic measure of diet quality: the average NS points of the shopping basket, weighted by the number of servings. Because the NS points range from −15 to 40, to ease the interpretation of the results, we reversed and shifted the NS point such that it lies in between 0 and 55, with 0 being th... | PMC10343722 | |
2.4.2. Estimation | WL | REGRESSION, REGRESSIONS | To test the hypotheses, we employed ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions with robust standard errors. The regression specification is as follows:To gain further insight into what is driving differential effectiveness, we quantified the following across the arms: (1) the proportion of products in a grocery basket th... | PMC10343722 |
3. Results | PMC10343722 | |||
3.3. The Effects of FOP Labels on Diet Quality for Beverages Only | WL | We present the results on the primary outcome along with the per-serving outcomes in The proportion of warning-labeled beverages in the baskets is 9.2% in the NS arm and 8.7% in the WL arm. Relative to the control arm (9.7%), the difference is only significant for the WL arm ( | PMC10343722 | |
4. Discussion | FOP, WL | SHOP | Consistent with prior evidence, we found that both the modified Nutri-Score (NS) and the Chilean warning labels (WL) promoted healthier food and beverage choices relative to the no-label control arm. However, the effectiveness of the two labels varied depending on which outcome we focused on. Consistent with our hypoth... | PMC10343722 |
Supplementary Materials | The following supporting information can be downloaded at: Click here for additional data file. | PMC10343722 | ||
Author Contributions | Conceptualization, S.S., A.M.A., R.F.A., R.A.A., A.A. (Amaal Alruwaily), A.A. (Abdullah Algwizani), M.S., C.H.H. and E.A.F.; methodology, S.S. and E.A.F.; validation, S.S., A.M.A., R.F.A., R.A.A., C.H.H. and E.A.F.; formal analysis, S.S.; investigation, S.S. and E.A.F.; writing—original draft preparation, S.S.; writing... | PMC10343722 | ||
Institutional Review Board Statement | The study protocols and procedures are in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical clearance was provided by the National University of Singapore Institutional Review Board (IRB), reference code: NUS-IRB-2020-794 and the KSA Public Health Authority IRB, reference code: SCDC-IRB-A034-2021. | PMC10343722 | ||
Informed Consent Statement | Consent from the participants was asked at the beginning of the Participant Information Sheet and Consent Form stage. Although we did not collect any identifiable information from participants, we informed them that deidentified data would be used in this research. We asked the participants to agree or disagree with th... | PMC10343722 | ||
Data Availability Statement | The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due to a lack of consent from all participants for making the data publicly available, but they are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. | PMC10343722 | ||
Conflicts of Interest | The authors declare no conflict of interest. | PMC10343722 | ||
References | WL | English-language versions of modified Nutri-Score labels (A screenshot of the experimental online grocery store for KSA (control arm).Example products from three versions of the online grocery store showing how the labels were presented across the three study arms; (Participant flow diagram.Summary statistics of the pa... | PMC10343722 | |
Background | The transition to motherhood is characterized by physical, psychological, social, and relational changes. Quality of life (QoL) changes substantially during this transition. Higher QoL is associated with social support, essential for coping with the challenges and changes of becoming a mother. An early universal home v... | PMC10704737 | ||
Methods | A prospective non-randomized controlled study with parallel group design. Child Health Services in five city districts of Oslo were matched in intervention and control groups. First-time mothers were allocated based on the residential area and assessed at pregnancy week 28 ( | PMC10704737 | ||
Results | Our data did not reveal a significant association between New Families intervention and the QoL levels of first-time mothers at three months postpartum. Thus, we analyzed the whole sample together. Emotional support was significantly associated with higher QoL levels in the physical health (B = 0.19, 95%CI [0.04 to 0.3... | PMC10704737 | ||
Conclusions | Further research, including qualitative interviews, could provide more insights into the impact of New Families on QoL. A positive association between QoL levels in pregnancy and postpartum suggests that postnatal interventions targeting improved QoL could potentially improve postpartum QoL. Emotional and appraisal sup... | PMC10704737 | ||
Trial registration | clinicaltrial.gov | PMC10704737 | ||
Supplementary Information | The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-023-17285-0. | PMC10704737 | ||
Keywords | PMC10704737 | |||
Background | DISEASES, TRANSITION | Transition to motherhood is characterized by physical, psychological, and social changes [In postpartum women, various aspects of support, such as adequate antenatal care consultations [Home visits, as formal professional support, are recommended in the WHOs strategy on maternal care [The Norwegian Child Health Service... | PMC10704737 | |
Methods | PMC10704737 | |||
Study design | This is a prospective non-randomized controlled study with parallel group design, using data from the New Families research project, which evaluates the New Families home visiting program registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04162626). The Regional Committees for medical and health research ethics in Norway (reference ... | PMC10704737 | ||
Participants and setting | Depression | RECRUITMENT, DISEASES | A department in the City of Oslo selected and matched five city districts of Oslo as either intervention or control districts. The aim of matching the groups was to achieve equality between the intervention and control districts by using data and statistics on population level regarding sociocultural factors, populatio... | PMC10704737 |
Data collection | All pregnant women interested in participating received informed consent, by mail, for written completion. Self-reported measures were sent to first-time mothers by mail from October 2018 to June 2020. Data were collected at three time points: around pregnancy week 28 (T1), six weeks postpartum (T2), and three months p... | PMC10704737 | ||
Control | The pregnant women/first-time mothers in the control districts received the traditional child health program provided by the CHS. Up to three months postpartum, the CHS provides one home visit 7–10 days postpartum, one group consultation, and two clinical consultations [Timeline of the New Families home visiting progra... | PMC10704737 | ||
Intervention | The pregnant women/first-time mothers in the intervention districts received NF in addition to the traditional child health program offered by the CHS, as described under NF is based on a salutogenic perspective, focusing on resource mobilization, using methods of motivational interviewing and empathic communication. N... | PMC10704737 | ||
Measures | PMC10704737 | |||
Demographics and selected possible predictive factors | COMPLICATIONS | Standard demographic data were measured at T1 and included family income, educational level, age, nationality, and marital status. Single items at T1 assessed the presence of complications during pregnancy, previous and present mental health conditions, hours of sleep, and the perception of enough/not enough sleep (als... | PMC10704737 | |
Quality of life | QoL is measured at T1 and T3 by the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire brief version (WHOQOL-BREF) [ | PMC10704737 | ||
Social support | Social support is measured at T2 by | PMC10704737 | ||
Statistical methods | REGRESSION, SENSITIVITY, REGRESSIONS | Descriptive statistics were used to describe the sample characteristics. Continuous variables were described by means and standard deviations (SD) and categorical data as counts and percentages. Crude comparisons between pairs of variables were performed using t-test for continuous variables and chi-square for categori... | PMC10704737 | |
Results | Of the 427 first-time mothers invited to participate in the study, 228 (53.4%) were included at T1. The number of participating first-time mothers, response rates at each time point, and the dropouts by intervention and control group are presented in the flow chart in Fig. Flow chart of first-time mothers at T1, T2, an... | PMC10704737 | ||
Sensitivity analyses | We replicated the analyses in Tables Regarding the analyses of the association between QoL and social support, the sensitivity analyses revealed only small changes compared to the main analyses (Supplementary Table S | PMC10704737 | ||
Discussion | This study aimed to evaluate NF’s impact on first-time mothers’ QoL and to investigate the association between their QoL, social support, and selected possible predictive factors. Our data did not reveal that NF impacted first-time mothers’ QoL at three months postpartum. Social support through a supporting presence at... | PMC10704737 | ||
Strengths and limitations | RECRUITMENT | The strength of our study is the generation of new knowledge on Norwegian first-time mothers’ QoL and the program offered by the CHS related to QoL. In a Norwegian context, this population and the CHS are rarely subjects to research. Additionally, our study provides knowledge on the association between specific constru... | PMC10704737 | |
Conclusions | ’ | Our results did not reveal that NF has a statistically significant impact on the QoL of first-time mothers at three months postpartum. Our results suggest that NF does not harm the QoL of first-time mothers, and the intervention may be continued if found effective on other outcomes. Further research, including qualitat... | PMC10704737 | |
Acknowledgements | RECRUITMENT | We express our gratitude to all participating first-time mothers and the recruitment work by the Child Health Services in our included districts. | PMC10704737 | |
Authors’ contributions | Malene Brekke: Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal analysis, Investigation, Data Curation, Writing—Original Draft & Editing. Milada Cvancarova Småstuen: Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal analysis (expert statistician), Writing—Review & Editing. Kari Glavin: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Data Cu... | PMC10704737 | ||
Funding | The New Families research project, in which the data material for this study is retrieved from, was funded by the Research Council of Norway (project code 282167). The funding had no role or influence in the design of the study, collection, analysis, and interpretation of data and in writing this manuscript. | PMC10704737 | ||
Availability of data and materials | All relevant data are presented in this paper. Further records from this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. | PMC10704737 | ||
Declarations | PMC10704737 | |||
Ethics approval and consent to participate | The New Families research project is approved by the Regional Committees for medical and health research ethics in Norway (reference no: 2018/1378) and the Norwegian Centre for Research Data (project no: 735207) and registered at clinicaltrial.gov (identifier: | PMC10704737 | ||
Consent for publication | Not applicable. | PMC10704737 | ||
Competing interests | The authors declare no competing interests. | PMC10704737 | ||
References | PMC10704737 | |||
1. Introduction | obesity, mood disturbances, anger, confusion, Obesity, weight loss regimen, fatigue, mood disturbance, pain, Intentional reductions, depression, Depression, weight loss | OBESITY, SECONDARY, OBESITY | The purpose of this secondary analysis is to compare the effects of two popular weight loss regimens, time-restricted eating (TRE) and daily calorie restriction (CR), on mood and quality-of-life measures in adults with obesity. Ninety participants were randomized to one of three interventions for 12 months: 8 h TRE (ea... | PMC10609268 |
2. Methods | PMC10609268 | |||
2.1. Participant Selection and Randomization | SECONDARY | This study is a secondary analysis of a previously published 12-month randomized controlled trial [Inclusion criteria: male or female; age between 18 and 65 years; and BMI between 30 and 50 kg/m | PMC10609268 | |
2.2. Time-Restricted Eating Protocol | weight loss | During the 6-month weight loss phase, TRE subjects were asked to eat only between the hours of 12:00 and 8:00 p.m. and to fast from 8:00 to 12:00 p.m. the following day. Subjects did not have to monitor food or energy intake during the 8 h eating window. During the 16 h fasting window, subjects were allowed to drink wa... | PMC10609268 | |
2.3. Calorie Restriction Protocol | weight loss | During the 6-month weight loss phase, CR subjects were asked to reduce their energy intake by 25% each day. Total energy expenditure was calculated using the Mifflin equation [ | PMC10609268 | |
2.4. Control Group Protocol | Control subjects were asked to maintain their weight by not changing their eating and activity habits during the 12-month trial. Controls did not receive diet counseling but were contacted by the study coordinators at the same frequency as the TRE and CR groups to provide body weight measurements. | PMC10609268 | ||
2.5. Assessment of Body Weight and Body Composition | CREST | All variables were measured at baseline and month 12. Body weight was assessed without shoes, in light clothing, using a digital scale at the research center. Body composition (fat mass, lean mass, and visceral fat ass) was measured using dual X-ray absorptiometry (iDXA, GE). Waist circumference was measured using a me... | PMC10609268 | |
2.6. Diet Adherence and Physical Activity | Adherence to the TRE diet was measured using a paper or digital adherence log, which recorded the time each participant started and stopped eating each day. The day was labeled as adherent if the log showed that the subject ate within the correct eating window that day. If they did not, the day was labeled as nonadhere... | PMC10609268 | ||
2.7. Assessment of Mood | Depression | Mood was quantified with the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) [ | PMC10609268 | |
2.8. Assessment of Quality of Life | Quality of life was measured using the Rand 36-Item Short Form (SF-36) [ | PMC10609268 | ||
2.9. Statistical Analyses | Data are shown as mean (95% CI) unless otherwise noted. We conducted an intention-to-treat analysis, which included data from all 90 participants who were randomly assigned. Results are reported for the intention-to-treat analysis unless indicated otherwise. A linear mixed model was used to assess time, group, and time... | PMC10609268 | ||
3. Results | PMC10609268 | |||
3.1. Baseline Characteristics | As reported previously [ | PMC10609268 | ||
3.2. Body Weight and Body Composition | Changes in body weight and body composition are reported in | PMC10609268 | ||
3.3. Diet Adherence and Physical Activity | TRE subjects adhered to their eating window on 87% of days on average over the 12-month trial. In the CR group, 61% of subjects adhered to their prescribed calorie targets over 12 months. Energy intake decreased by −425 kcal/d (SD 531 kcal/d) in the TRE group and −405 kcal/d (SD 712 kcal/d) in the CR group, with no dif... | PMC10609268 | ||
3.4. Mood | Changes in mood are presented in | PMC10609268 | ||
3.5. Quality of Life | Changes in quality of life are presented in | PMC10609268 | ||
3.6. Relationships between Changes in Body Weight, Physical Activity, Mood, and Quality of Life | There were no associations between changes in body weight, physical activity, mood, or quality of life in any group by the end of the study. | PMC10609268 | ||
4. Discussion | obesity, Obesity, mood disorders, weight reduction, depression, weight loss | OBESITY, OBESITY | To our knowledge, this is the first study to compare the effects of TRE (without calorie counting) versus daily CR on mood and quality of life in adults with obesity. Our results indicate that 12 months of TRE and CR have no effect on mood or quality of life in this population group, relative to no-intervention control... | PMC10609268 |
Author Contributions | S.L. designed the research, conducted the clinical trial, and wrote the manuscript; S.C., M.E., V.P., K.C., M.M. and M.-C.R. assisted with the conduction of the clinical trial; S.J.A. performed the statistical analyses; K.A.V. designed the research and wrote the manuscript. All authors have read and agreed to the publi... | PMC10609268 | ||
Institutional Review Board Statement | The protocol was approved by the Office for the Protection of Research Participants at the University of Illinois at Chicago (IRB #2020-1512). | PMC10609268 | ||
Informed Consent Statement | Informed consent was obtained from all participants (IRB #2020-1512). | PMC10609268 | ||
Data Availability Statement | Data are unavailable due to privacy or ethical restrictions. | PMC10609268 | ||
Conflicts of Interest | The authors declare no conflict of interest. | PMC10609268 | ||
Trial Registration | Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04692532. | PMC10609268 | ||
References | Depression | Change in mood scores by month 12. Data are included for 90 participants; means were estimated using an intention-to-treat analysis using a linear mixed model. Error bars indicate 95% confidence intervals for each parameter from baseline by diet group. (Change in quality of life constructs by month 12. Data are include... | PMC10609268 | |
Background | HIV and sexual reproductive | Antiretroviral therapy (ART) through universal test and treat (UTT) and HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) substantially reduces HIV-related mortality and incidence. Effective ART based prevention has not translated into population-level impact in southern Africa due to sub-optimal coverage among youth. We aim to inve... | PMC10428543 | |
Methods | HIV infection | HIV INFECTION | We are conducting a type 1a hybrid effectiveness/implementation study, with a cluster randomized stepped-wedge trial (SWT) to assess effectiveness and a realist process evaluation to assess implementation outcomes. The SWT will be conducted in 40 clusters in rural KZN over 45 months. Clusters will be randomly allocated... | PMC10428543 |
Discussion | HIV and sexual and reproductive health | The findings of this trial will be used by policy makers to optimize delivery of universal differentiated HIV prevention, including HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis through peer-led mobilisation into community-based integrated adolescent and youth friendly HIV and sexual and reproductive health care. | PMC10428543 | |
Supplementary Information | The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-023-16262-x. | PMC10428543 | ||
Keywords | PMC10428543 | |||
Background | HIV viral suppression | CNS INFECTIONS, CURB | Despite global concerted efforts to curb the HIV epidemic, South Africa (SA) remains at the epicentre with approximately 8.2 million people in the country living with HIV. Despite effective biomedical tools, including freely available HIV testing, universal test and treat (UTT) and HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) t... | PMC10428543 |
Objectives | PMC10428543 | |||
Main trial objective | The overarching goal of the trial is to identify scalable and sustainable ways to stem the HIV epidemic and its negative impact on young people aged 15–30 in rural KZN, South Africa through effective implementation of biosocial HIV prevention (trial registration NCT 05405582). The trial is focused on adolescents and yo... | PMC10428543 | ||
Specific trial objectives | biosocial HIV | This hybrid implementation-effectiveness trial has two main objectives: (1) to measure the effectiveness of social mobilisation combined with decentralised SRH services and tailored HIV prevention in (a) creating demand for differentiated HIV prevention and care, and (b) reducing the prevalence of transmissible HIV; (2... | PMC10428543 | |
Methods | PMC10428543 | |||
Trial design | Differentiated biosocial HIV | This hybrid design trial will include a cluster randomized stepped-wedge design to assess effectiveness and a realist process evaluation to assess implementation outcomes, conducted over 45 months from 2022 to 2024 (Fig. Hybrid design 1 effectiveness implementation trial designWe will use a realist process evaluation t... | PMC10428543 | |
Study setting | This trial is embedded in the Africa Health Research Institute’s (AHRI) multidisciplinary adolescent and youth programme in AHRI’s demographic surveillance area in uMkhanyakude district in rural KZN, SA [The trial will be conducted in 40 areas (clusters) of AHRI’s surveillance area that have been purposively selected t... | PMC10428543 | ||
Study population |
The population eligible to receive the intervention:All young people aged 15–30 years residing in 40 clusters, of whom an estimated 20% are at risk of HIV acquisition (based on our pilot work using a screening tool based on the South African national guidelines) and would benefit from PrEP, are eligible to receive the... | PMC10428543 | ||
Study interventions | Clusters have been randomly allocated to receive the early or delayed rollout of the Thetha Nami intervention. All individuals allocated to the delayed intervention will receive standard of care in the first period of the trial. | PMC10428543 |
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