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Ethics statement | The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by the institutional review board of Myongji Hospital (2021-05-009). The patients/participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study. | PMC10361252 | ||
Author contributions | JJ | YJ and SYL conceived this study and wrote the draft. YJ, SYL, HH, JL MK, YC, SC, SL, and JJ collected and analyzed data. S-CP helped the data analysis. YJ and SYL revised the manuscript. All authors contributed to the articles and approved the submitted version. | PMC10361252 | |
Funding | DISEASE | This Study was supported by the Newhorizon grant of Myongji Hospital (2013-07-01) and by a fund from the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2023-ER1003-00). | PMC10361252 | |
Conflict of interest | The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. | PMC10361252 | ||
Publisher’s note | All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or ... | PMC10361252 | ||
Supplementary material | The Supplementary material for this article can be found online at: Click here for additional data file.Click here for additional data file. | PMC10361252 | ||
References | PMC10361252 | |||
1. Introduction | Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of protein and carbohydrate supplementation, with and without creatine, on occupational performance in firefighters. Methods: Using a randomized, double-blind approach, thirty male firefighters (age: 34.4 ± 8.4 yrs., height: 1.82 ± 0.07 m; weight: 88.6 ± 1... | PMC10745745 | ||
2. Materials and Methods | PMC10745745 | |||
2.1. Study Design | In a randomized, parallel-group, double-blind fashion, active-duty firefighters were randomly assigned to ingest (A) whey protein isolate + carbohydrate (ProCarb Group); or (B) whey protein isolate + carbohydrate + creatine monohydrate (Creatine Group) for a 21–26-day supplementation period (the ClinicalTrials.gov Iden... | PMC10745745 | ||
2.2. Participants | musculoskeletal or neurological condition | Thirty active-duty male structural firefighters were enrolled (age: 34.4 ± 8.4 yrs., height: 1.82 ± 0.07 m; weight: 88.6 ± 12.5 kg; BF%: 17.2 ± 5.8%) in the current study. Inclusion criteria included being between the ages of 18–55 years of age and medically cleared for field duty. Exclusion criteria included a current... | PMC10745745 | |
2.3. Procedures | PMC10745745 | |||
2.3.1. Anthropometrics | During baseline testing, height and weight were recorded using a stadiometer and portable scale, followed by a body composition assessment using a portable multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analyzer (H2ON, InBody Inc., Cerritos, CA, USA). | PMC10745745 | ||
2.3.2. Performance Testing | STRUCK | Participants then completed a maximal effort, 3.5 km time trial on an air-braked cycle ergometer (Assault Bike, Assault Fitness Products, Carlsbad, CA, USA). Firefighters were instructed to complete the time trial as fast as possible. Time to completion (s) was recorded. On a separate day (within 48 h of the time trial... | PMC10745745 | |
2.3.3. Dietary Supplementation | Participants were assigned to ingest a single serving daily of either (A) a 25 g dose of whey protein isolate + 25 g dose of carbohydrate powder (ProCarb); or (B) a 25 g dose of whey protein isolate + 25 g dose of carbohydrate powder (+5 g dose of creatine monohydrate) (Creatine) for a ~24-day period (average supplemen... | PMC10745745 | ||
3. Statistical Analysis | EVENT | All analyses were completed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (v26; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Primary outcome measures for this investigation were time to completion for the firefighter-specific tasks and time trial. A 2 × 2 mixed factorial (group × time) ANOVA with repeated measures on time was... | PMC10745745 | |
4. Results | No significant differences in measures of performance were observed at baseline (Independent sample There was a main effect for time observed for the time trial ( | PMC10745745 | ||
5. Discussion | ±, irritation, gastrointestinal distress | ADVERSE EFFECTS, FIRE, FLUID RETENTION | The primary aim of the current study was to examine the effects of adding creatine to protein and carbohydrate supplementation over a period of 3 weeks on changes in occupational performance in firefighters. The study’s main findings were that providing a daily protein and carbohydrate supplement to the diet over a thr... | PMC10745745 |
6. Conclusions | The addition of supplemental protein and carbohydrates to the diet of career firefighters throughout a three-week period improves occupational performance in specific areas of high-intensity activities. Furthermore, the addition of creatine within the protein and carbohydrate supplementation leads to greater improvemen... | PMC10745745 | ||
Author Contributions | Conceptualization, K.E., J.L., C.M.K., A.M. and A.R.J.; methodology, K.E., J.L., C.M.K., A.M. and A.R.J.; formal analysis, J.L. and A.R.J.; investigation, K.E., J.L., S.J.J., W.C.D., T.A., C.M.K., A.M. and A.R.J.; data curation, K.E., J.L., S.J.J., W.C.D., T.A., C.M.K., A.M. and A.R.J.; writing—original draft preparati... | PMC10745745 | ||
Institutional Review Board Statement | The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the Institutional Review Board (or Ethics Committee) of The University of Wisconsin-La Crosse (Approved on 2 June 2023; IRB# 23-KE-137). | PMC10745745 | ||
Informed Consent Statement | Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study. | PMC10745745 | ||
Data Availability Statement | Data are available upon request. | PMC10745745 | ||
Conflicts of Interest | A.R.J. and C.M.K. serve on the scientific advisory board for Alzchem. A.R.J. and C.M.K. have consulted with and received external funding from companies who sell certain dietary ingredients, and have received remuneration from companies for delivering scientific presentations at conferences. A.R.J. and C.M.K. also writ... | PMC10745745 | ||
References | CONSORT diagram.Percent changes in individual occupational performance tasks. * Denotes significance at Changes in 3.5 km cycling time trial performance.Summary of time to completion for measures of occupational performance across each group.* Denotes significance at | PMC10745745 | ||
Introduction | stroke, Atrial Fibrillation, AF | ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, STROKE, RECRUITMENT, ATRIAL FIBRILLATION (AF) | Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with a fivefold increased risk of stroke. Oral anticoagulation reduces the risk of stroke, but AF is elusive. A machine learning algorithm (Future Innovations in Novel Detection of Atrial Fibrillation (FIND-AF)) developed to predict incident AF within 6 months using data in primar... | PMC10546147 |
Methods and analysis | SECONDARY, RECRUITMENT | The FIND-AF Pilot is an interventional, non-randomised, single-arm, open-label study that will recruit 1955 participants aged 30 years or older, without a history of AF and eligible for oral anticoagulation, identified as higher risk and lower risk by the FIND-AF risk score from their primary care EHRs, to a period of ... | PMC10546147 | |
Ethics and dissemination | WEST | The study has ethical approval (the North West—Greater Manchester South Research Ethics Committee reference 23/NW/0180). Findings will be announced at relevant conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals in line with the Funder’s open access policy. | PMC10546147 | |
WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ON THIS TOPIC | stroke | STROKE, ATRIAL FIBRILLATION (AF) | Population screening for atrial fibrillation (AF) guided by age or stroke risk with ECG monitoring increases AF detection rates compared with routine care and is associated with increased prescription of oral anticoagulation. However, yields of newly detected AF are low, which limits clinical effectiveness and cost-eff... | PMC10546147 |
WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS | Atrial Fibrillation | ATRIAL FIBRILLATION | The Future Innovations in Novel Detection of Atrial Fibrillation (FIND-AF) pilot study investigates the use of a machine learning AF risk prediction algorithm (FIND-AF) in UK primary care electronic health records (EHRs) to guide a remote AF screening pathway, and will provide data on the yield that can be achieved wit... | PMC10546147 |
HOW THIS STUDY MIGHT AFFECT RESEARCH, PRACTICE OR POLICY | FIND-AF is applicable at scale in primary care EHRs. If the study demonstrates that higher predicted AF risk is associated with a high yield of AF detection on ECG monitoring, it has the potential to efficiently guide targeted early detection of AF in the community. | PMC10546147 | ||
Introduction | stroke, Atrial Fibrillation, cardiac arrhythmia | ATRIAL FIBRILLATION (AF), STROKE, RECRUITMENT, CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA, ATRIAL FIBRILLATION | Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia worldwide and confers a fivefold increased risk of stroke.Systematic population screening for AF guided by age with or without the presence of additional stroke risk factors with a non-invasive ECG devices has been shown to be feasible, increase d... | PMC10546147 |
Methods and analysis | PMC10546147 | |||
Study design | This publication describes V2.0 of the FIND-AF pilot study protocol, dated 7 September 2023. The FIND-AF pilot study is an interventional, non-randomised, single-arm, open-label study in UK primary care. | PMC10546147 | ||
Study population | ATRIAL FLUTTER | The study will enrol 1955 participants aged ≥30 years with a primary care EHR at general practices in the National Institute of Health and Care Research (NIHR) Clinical Research Network Yorkshire and Humber region, who do not have known AF or atrial flutter, and are eligible for oral anticoagulation.Individuals aged ≥3... | PMC10546147 | |
Inclusion and exclusion criteria | PMC10546147 | |||
Inclusion criteria | Age at enrolment ≥30 years.Men with CHA | PMC10546147 | ||
Exclusion criteria | atrial fibrillation | ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, ATRIAL FLUTTER | Known diagnosis of atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter.Currently receiving anticoagulation.On the palliative care register.Unable to give written informed consent for participation in the study.Unable to adhere to the study requirements.The eligible population will have their AF risk estimated using FIND-AF.Study inv... | PMC10546147 |
Enrolment method | ATRIAL FIBRILLATION | Eligible participants will be identified by the primary care team via an electronic search of general practice data (Remote consent with eligibility based on information recorded in electronic health records. EHRs, electronic health records; FIND-AF, Future Innovations in Novel Detection of Atrial Fibrillation; GP, gen... | PMC10546147 | |
Intervention | EVENT | All participants will undergo non-invasive ECG monitoring (The Zenicor database has an algorithm that classifies and tags each ECG trace as ‘no tag’, ‘possible AF’ or ‘poor quality’. The algorithm has been tested in 80 149 ECGs and the negative predictive value for ECGs classified as normal is 99.9%.Once ECG monitoring... | PMC10546147 | |
Baseline characteristics | Baseline participant characteristics will be drawn from their primary care EHRs ( | PMC10546147 | ||
Participant baseline characteristics | PMC10546147 | |||
Participant characteristics | Age.Sex.Ethnicity. | PMC10546147 | ||
Medical history | Hypertension, Stroke/transient | DIABETES MELLITUS, CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE, HYPERTENSION, HEART FAILURE, CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE, VALVULAR HEART DISEASE | Coronary artery disease.Chronic kidney disease.Heart failure.Hypertension.Diabetes mellitus.Stroke/transient ischaemic attack.Valvular heart disease.CHA | PMC10546147 |
Medications | Aspirin.ACE inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker.Beta blocker.Oral anticoagulant.Statin. | PMC10546147 | ||
Outcomes | arrhythmias | ARRHYTHMIAS | The primary outcome will be a new diagnosis of AF defined as at least one episode of completely irregular rhythm with no organised or regular atrial activity and a duration of 30 s on one-lead ECG during the Zenicor monitoring period.Secondary outcomes include:Number (%) of people who consent to participate compared wi... | PMC10546147 |
Sample size | Assuming 1.5% of the participants in the lower risk group have newly diagnosed AF, | PMC10546147 | ||
Statistical analysis | We will calculate the incidence rate ratio of AF detection during ECG monitoring between higher predicted AF risk and lower predicted AF risk participants, using the threshold from the original development and validation paper. | PMC10546147 | ||
Patient and public involvement | The FIND-AF patient and public involvement group co-designed the study and co-drafted the consent forms and participant information sheets. Importantly, they designed the multimodal invitation (text followed by letter) to screening as they concluded that the usual invitation approach, a letter alone, may lead to poorer... | PMC10546147 | ||
Limitations | The FIND-AF pilot is not an RCT. The Zenicor-ECG device is the only AF detection device that will be used in the study. Other studies have used a skin patch that can monitor the ECG rhythm continuously, for between 14 and 30 days. | PMC10546147 | ||
Ethics and dissemination | WEST | The study will be performed in compliance with the articles of the Declaration of Helsinki (revised in October 2013). The study was approved by the North West—Greater Manchester South Research Ethics Committee, and the study was approved by the Health research Authority (IRAS project ID: 318197), and registered on Clin... | PMC10546147 | |
Data availability statement | Data are available on reasonable request. | PMC10546147 | ||
Ethics statements | PMC10546147 | |||
Patient consent for publication | Not applicable. | PMC10546147 | ||
Ethics approval | WEST | This study involves human participants and the study has ethical approval (the North West—Greater Manchester South Research Ethics Committee reference 23/NW/0180). Participants gave informed consent to participate in the study before taking part. | PMC10546147 | |
References | PMC10546147 | |||
1. Introduction | ’ movements | The popularity of competitive sports, particularly football, has grown in tandem with cultural and economic advancements [This paragraph compiles several studies examining the effects of functional training on the strength and performance of football players. A study focused on the high-intensity tactical training prog... | PMC10275424 | |
2. Method | PMC10275424 | |||
2.1 Research subject | A total of 116 students within the age range of 8 to 13, who are actively engaged in football training, are selected as participants for this work. These students are randomly assigned to either the experimental group (consisting of 60 students) or the control group (comprising 56 students). Over the course of this wor... | PMC10275424 | ||
2.2 Research methods | ’ movements | Literature review: This work incorporates a comprehensive analysis of existing research to gain insights into the perspectives of other scholars regarding machine learning for recognizing athletes’ movements. By examining previous studies, this work aims to establish a theoretical foundation and evaluate the reliabilit... | PMC10275424 | |
2.3 Content of functional strength training | muscle hypertrophy | BENDING, CONTRACTION, BEND | Functional strength training is a training approach that aims to improve the overall muscular contraction strength and efficiency of individuals, taking into account their specific characteristics and needs. Unlike traditional training methods that focus on isolated muscle development for specific movements, functional... | PMC10275424 |
2.4 Experimental teaching methods | AIDS | Over the course of one month, specifically from July 2019 to August 2019, the experimental group underwent regular training sessions from 9 a.m. to 11 a.m. daily, while the control group attended scheduled classes from 5 p.m. to 7 p.m. each day. Both groups implemented game-based learning strategies to ignite the stude... | PMC10275424 | |
2.5 Test indicator selection | SENSITIVITY | The indicators examined in this work encompassed the player’s speed, sensitivity, and strength. To assess speed, the 10-meter and 30-meter sprints were employed as performance measures. Sensitivity was evaluated using the Illinois agility test and the 5*25-meter shuttle run. Lastly, strength was evaluated through throw... | PMC10275424 | |
2.6 Football players’ posture recognition using machine learning | ’s hand gestures, ’ posture | Data on acceleration and angular velocity were collected from football players’ positions. Similarly, Eq (The data acquisition module captures three acceleration vectors and three angular velocity vectors. The vector sum of acceleration and angular velocity is computed using Eqs (Eq (The time-domain features extracted ... | PMC10275424 | |
2.7 Acquisition of ball-kicking data of players | The deep learning (DL) method aligns with the concept of an artificial neural network (ANN), which serves as a machine learning architecture. The neural network, functioning as an algorithm, trains the weights connecting individual units within the network. Drawing inspiration from the workings of the human brain, ANN ... | PMC10275424 | ||
BPNN structure. | In the BPNN, each layer consists of n neurons, and there are connections between each layer. However, the neurons within a single layer are not interconnected. The BPNN algorithm involves two main processes: error backpropagation and forward information propagation [ | PMC10275424 | ||
Algorithm process of BPNN. | In the forward propagation process, the input object is divided into n input vectors. The weight coefficient is denoted as “In Eq (The domains of the mentioned functions are sets of real numbers, and their range is [0, 1]. After obtaining the outputs from all the hidden layers, the cross-entropy loss function is used t... | PMC10275424 | ||
2.8 Evaluation criteria for similarity of image features | HOT SPOT | The calculation of image feature similarity plays a crucial role in the accuracy of subsequent image retrieval. Different similarity measurement functions can yield diverse image retrieval results. In this work, the following similarity measurement function is utilized:(1) Euclidean Distance: Euclidean Distance is a wi... | PMC10275424 | |
2.9 Statistical methods | This work utilizes the Berkeley Multi-Channel Human Action Detection (MHAD) dataset to evaluate the effectiveness of the BPNN algorithm for action recognition. The MHAD dataset includes reference background and depth images, which are used to extract the first-layer feature vectors. The dataset consists of 11 different... | PMC10275424 | ||
3. Results | This section presents a comprehensive analysis of experiments conducted to validate the effectiveness of image processing technology based on DL in guiding football players during functional strength training. Each experiment result is thoroughly examined and discussed. The following subsections provide a clear overvie... | PMC10275424 | ||
Comparison of single-action recognition accuracy rate in MHAD dataset. | During the collection of sport posture data, participants perform specific football actions based on their exercise habits. These football postures consist of distinct upper limb actions and lower limb actions, which are recognized separately. As a result, separate classifiers are constructed for upper limb actions and... | PMC10275424 | ||
The recognition results of classifiers of random forest, support vector machine, and Bayesian network. | PMC10275424 | |||
Comparison of the results in the experimental group before and after the experiment (Note: * indicates that the difference is statistically significant). | The experimental group demonstrated significant improvements in various performance metrics after the experiment. Specifically, there was a substantial 1.6% improvement (P = 0.000 < 0.05) in the 10-meter running performance. The 30-meter run performance showed a 1.95% improvement (P = 0.000 < 0.05), and the Illinois ru... | PMC10275424 | ||
Comparison of the results between the experimental and control groups(Note: * Indicates a significant difference). | There were no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) observed in the performances of players who underwent functional strength training compared to those who did not, specifically in the 10-meter running, 30-meter running, and set kicking tests. The experimental group achieved an average score of 3.07 ± 0.23 ... | PMC10275424 | ||
Simulation results of BPNN. | After 127 iterations, as depicted in | PMC10275424 | ||
3.6 Accuracy of kicking actions of football players | Figs | PMC10275424 | ||
The accuracy of kicking actions of players in the experimental group. | PMC10275424 | |||
The accuracy of kicking actions of players in the control group. | There are no significant differences observed between the experimental and control groups before and after the experiment, as both groups received similar action training. Prior to the experiment, the action accuracy of the players in the experimental group was 73.2%, while the control group achieved an accuracy of 74.... | PMC10275424 | ||
4. Discussion | The declining physical fitness of football players is a concerning trend in the current landscape. In light of this, the present work aims to investigate the impact of functional strength training on the physical capabilities of football players. By exploring the relationship between functional strength training and th... | PMC10275424 | ||
5. Conclusion | This work aims to investigate the relationship between functional strength training and speed and power in football players. The results indicate that functional strength training effectively increases strength and sensitivity in football players. However, this work did not find a significant correlation between functi... | PMC10275424 | ||
Supporting information | (XLSX)Click here for additional data file. | PMC10275424 | ||
References | PMC10275424 | |||
1. Introduction | calcification, ossifications, shock, swelling, calcifications, pain, orthosis, atrophy, rupture | DEGENERATION, INFILTRATION, SHOCK, PROLIFERATION, INFLAMMATION, DISEASE, PLANTAR FASCIITIS, ATROPHY, CALCAR CALCANEI | Academic Editor: Stefano BrunelliThe prospective, simple randomized study assesses the effect of focused extracorporeal shock wave therapy (f-ESWT) on pain intensity and calcification size compared to the application of ultrasound physical therapy in treating patients with calcar calcanei. A total of 124 patients diagn... | PMC9970705 |
2. Methods | The protocol applied in this study is based on the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study was approved by the Faculty of Medicine Ethics Committee of Belgrade University (No. 213). All of the patients involved in the study submitted written consent forms for inclusion in the study. The research was performed... | PMC9970705 | ||
3. Criteria | carcinoma | CARCINOMA, SENSORY POLYNEUROPATHY, COAGULATION DISORDER, CALCAR CALCANEI, OSTEOPOROSIS | A total of 190 patients were considered for the study, of whom 124 fulfilled the criteria for inclusion. The primary criterion for including patients in the study was diagnostically confirmed painful calcar calcanei diagnosed with X-rays up to six months before. Patients with the following contraindications were exclud... | PMC9970705 |
4. The Procedure | orthosis, Shock, shock | SHOCKS, SHOCK, SHOCK | The shock wave therapy machine used was the Masterpuls MP 200, serial No: BS 2058, manufactured in 2011 by STORZ MEDICAL, Switzerland. Shock wave therapy was applied locally, on the heel of the foot, at the site of the calcar calcanei. The application was performed with a focused probe with the following parameters: 16... | PMC9970705 |
5. Outcome Parameters | CIA, calcification, pain | CALCAR CALCANEI | The pain intensity was measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) [The calcification size was measured in millimeters with X-ray diagnostics. Imaging the calcar calcanei was performed by applying the standard X-ray technique for the ankle, with the patient standing upright and the X-ray beam spread vertically. Thus, ... | PMC9970705 |
5.1. Statistical Analysis | REGRESSION | Descriptive statistics were used to describe data. The continuous variables are presented by mean ± standard deviation, while the categorical variables are presented by count (percentage).The comparison between independent variables, which distributions were approximately the same as a normal distribution, we were done... | PMC9970705 | |
5.2. Results | Calcification, calcification, shock | CALCIFICATION, SHOCK, POLYNEUROPATHIES, REGRESSION, CALCAR CALCANEI | One hundred and ninety consecutive patients with diagnostically confirmed painful calcar calcanei were screened for eligibility criteria. One hundred and twenty-four patients fulfilled all eligibility criteria. Eighteen patients had sensory polyneuropathies, a lesion of the sole skin had ten participants, cortisone tre... | PMC9970705 |
6. Discussion | shock, calcification, pain | CALCAR CALCANEI, SIDE EFFECTS, SHOCK | The most prominent symptom of calcar calcanei is pain. In our study, none of the patients from either of the groups took any analgesics or nonsteroid antirheumatics. Analyzing the results obtained in treating the patients in the experimental and control groups, we received statistically similar data regarding the decre... | PMC9970705 |
7. Study Limitations | The result should be considered against a few limitations. The patients are not homogeneous in the duration of symptoms and have not been monitored for a long time. A limitation is the lack of determination of the sample size since the patients were determined consecutively. Also, many factors other than BMI that could... | PMC9970705 | ||
8. Conclusion | calcification, pain | In conclusion, both types of therapy applied in the study contributed to reducing pain intensity. The application of f-ESWT significantly reduced the calcification size compared with standard ultrasound therapy. | PMC9970705 | |
Data Availability | Data supporting the study results can be found in the medical data system of the Clinic for Rehabilitation dr Miroslav Zotovic. | PMC9970705 | ||
Conflicts of Interest | calcification | REGRESSION, RECRUITMENT | The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.Flow diagram of patient recruitment.Descriptive statistics of all outcomes in this study.The comparisons of outcomes with descriptive statistics (mean ± standard deviation), test statistics,
The ‘pre-post' analysis of VAS and calcification.
The analysis of change of ... | PMC9970705 |
Subject terms | OHE, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt | BLOOD, PORTAL HYPERTENSION, HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY | We aim to develop a nomogram to predict overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE) after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) in patients with portal hypertension, according to demographic/clinical indicators such as age, creatinine, blood ammonia, indocyanine green retention rate at 15 min (ICG-R15) and percen... | PMC10502141 |
Introduction | overt hepatic encephalopathy, OHE, cirrhosis, covert hepatic encephalopathy | WEST, CIRRHOSIS, PORTAL HYPERTENSION, INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE | After a long-term inflammatory response, the normal liver parenchyma is replaced by fibrotic tissues and regenerative nodules, which can subsequently progress to cirrhosis, and eventually lead to portal hypertension (PHT)According to clinical manifestations, HE can be divided into covert hepatic encephalopathy (CHE) an... | PMC10502141 |
Materials and methods | PMC10502141 | |||
Patients | ascites, bleeding, cardiopulmonary insufficiency, varicose bleeding | ASCITES, BLEEDING, ENCEPHALOPATHY | In this retrospective study, 358 PHT patients who received elective TIPS at Beijing Shijitan Hospital from June 2018 to June 2020 were included. Among them, 62 patients were excluded due to incomplete data and loss to follow-up. The remaining 296 patients were randomly divided into a training cohort (n = 207) and a val... | PMC10502141 |
Clinicopathological variables | ascites, OHE, cirrhosis, TIPS | ASCITES, LIVER DISEASES, CIRRHOSIS | Demographic and clinical data were collected, including age, sex, history of PHT and liver diseases. Imaging results from MRI contrast-enhanced, CT contrast-enhanced, and ultrasonography were analyzed to identify cirrhosis and ascites. TIPS perioperative tests were recorded, including complete blood count, renal functi... | PMC10502141 |
Diagnosis and definitions | The MELD score | PMC10502141 |
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