title stringlengths 1 1.19k | keywords stringlengths 0 668 | concept stringlengths 0 909 | paragraph stringlengths 0 61.8k | PMID stringlengths 10 11 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Introduction | reduced muscle tone, palate, epiglottis, airway obstruction | AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION | Managing difficult airways is one of the most essential and challenging tasks for anesthesiologistsSecuring an open airway is important for successful FOI. In anesthetized patients with reduced muscle tone, a downward shift of the soft palate, tongue, and epiglottis close to the posterior pharyngeal wall results in nar... | PMC10504239 |
Methods | PMC10504239 | |||
Study | The randomized clinical trial protocol was performed in accordance with Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Seoul National University Bundang Hospital (approval number: B-1704-393-004; approval date: 13 June 2017) and registered at the Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS; | PMC10504239 | ||
Patients | craniofacial anomalies | CERVICAL SPINE DISEASE | American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status class I or II patients who were > 18 years of age and scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia requiring orotracheal intubation were enrolled in this study. Patients with ASA class ≥ III, dentures, craniofacial anomalies, history of cervical spi... | PMC10504239 |
Anesthesia and intervention | palate, glottis, epiglottis | The patients were positioned supine with their heads on a standard surgical pillow. Standard monitoring of vital signs included electrocardiography, non-invasive blood pressure measurement, and peripheral oxygen saturation measurement. After 3 min of denitrogenation with 100% oxygen, general anesthesia was induced with... | PMC10504239 | |
Study outcome | The primary outcome was the total intubation time, defined as the duration from inserting the fiberoptic bronchoscope into the mouth to the appearance of EtCO | PMC10504239 | ||
Sample size | During a pilot study among 20 patients undergoing FOI intubation, the total intubation time was 26.5 (12.2) s when the jaw-thrust maneuver was applied (10 patients) and 20.4 (10.1) s when the McIvor blade was placed for tongue retraction (10 patients). Based on the pilot data, a sample size of 48 patients per group was... | PMC10504239 | ||
Statistical analysis | Continuous variables are presented as mean (standard deviation), and categorical variables are presented as numbers (percentages). All statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS version 21.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Student’s t-test was used to compare continuous variables, and the chi-squared te... | PMC10504239 | ||
Author contributions | S.-H.H., S.P., and J.-W.P. conceptualized and designed the study; S.-H.H., J.-H.K., S.P. and J.-W.P. collected the original data; J.L., J.H.L, and H.G.K. analysed the data; J.L., S.-H.H. and J.-W.P. interpreted the analysis and helped with quality control; J.L., J.H.L., and H.G.K. prepared the original draft; S.-H.H., ... | PMC10504239 | ||
Data availability | The datasets used and analysed during the current study available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. | PMC10504239 | ||
Competing interests | The authors declare no competing interests. | PMC10504239 | ||
References | PMC10504239 | |||
Background | COPD | COPD | Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) programs improve physical fitness, symptoms and quality of life (QoL) of patients with COPD. However, improved physical activity (PA) is not guaranteed after PR and the clinical benefits fade off after PR discharge. We aimed to investigate whether a 9 months PA-telecoaching program is able... | PMC10563200 |
Methods | dyspnea, COPD | COPD, SECONDARY | Patients with COPD enrolled in a 6-month PR program were randomized to a (semi-automated) PA-telecoaching program or usual care, 3 months after PR initiation. The intervention consisted of a smartphone application with individual targets and feedback (for 6 months) and self-monitoring with a step counter (for 9 months)... | PMC10563200 |
Results | Seventy-three patients were included (mean ± SD: 65 ± 7 years, FEV | PMC10563200 | ||
Conclusion | The semi-automated PA-telecoaching program implemented after 3 months of PR was effective to improve the amount of PA (steps/day) during PR and after follow-up. However, this was not accompanied by the maintenance of other PR-acquired benefits. | PMC10563200 | ||
Trial registration | ClinicalTrials.gov. Identifier: NCT02702791. Retrospectively registered on March 9, 2016. Start study October 2015. | PMC10563200 | ||
Supplementary Information | The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12966-023-01519-w. | PMC10563200 | ||
Keywords | PMC10563200 | |||
Background | dyspnea, COPD | COPD | Multidisciplinary pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) programs result in important and clinically relevant improvements for patients with symptomatic COPD, such as improved functional exercise tolerance, muscle force, symptoms of dyspnea and quality of life (QoL) [Programs aiming to improve PA outside a PR-setting, using sel... | PMC10563200 |
Methods | PMC10563200 | |||
Subjects | COPD | COPD | Patients with COPD who enrolled in the multidisciplinary, six months outpatient PR at the Leuven Hospital were screened for eligibility. After completing three months of PR and after one-week PA assessment, patients were invited to participate to the STEP (‘Sustaining Training Effects through Physical activity promotio... | PMC10563200 |
Design | This was a mono-center, 1:1 prospective RCT (details of randomization outlined in additional file 1). At three months of the 6 months PR-program, eligible patients were included in the study after signing a written informed consent. The trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02702791) and was approved by the lo... | PMC10563200 | ||
Interventions | PMC10563200 | |||
Pulmonary rehabilitation program (PR) | The standard six-months multidisciplinary program of the Leuven Hospital, previously described in detail [ | PMC10563200 | ||
Usual Care | At randomization, patients in the UCG received an information leaflet explaining the importance of and tips on how to become more physically active. Furthermore, at V0, an interview was conducted to assess the level of the patients’ motivation and self-efficacy towards increasing and maintaining their PA level througho... | PMC10563200 | ||
Intervention Group | On top of usual care, patients in the IG received a PA-telecoaching program very similar to the one used previously (NCT02158065–MrPAPP trial), which was proven effective on short-term PA [At randomization, in addition to the assessment of motivation and self-efficacy, the interview in the IG elaborated on barriers of ... | PMC10563200 | ||
Assessments | Prior to each visit, PA was objectively assessed with the Dynaport Movemonitor (DAM, McRoberts BV, The Hague, the Netherlands) and the Actigraph GT3x (ACT, Actigraph LLC Pensacola, Florida, USA), two validated accelerometers(For patient characterization, spirometry, lung volumes and diffusion capacity of the lung for c... | PMC10563200 | ||
Statistical analysis | dyspnea | SECONDARY | Analyses were performed using SAS Software version 9.4. Values were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or median [percentile 25-percentile 75] (in case of non-normal distribution – Shapiro-Wilk test) or as numbers (%) in case of frequencies. Statistical significance was set a priori as p < 0.05 for all analyse... | PMC10563200 |
Sample size calculation | Sample size calculation was based on the primary research question (i.e. effectiveness of the intervention on daily step count). To obtain a power of 80%, expecting a drop-out rate of 20%, a total of 82 patients needed to be included in this study (based on a between group difference of 1785 steps/day, SD of 2505 and α... | PMC10563200 | ||
Results | PMC10563200 | |||
Patient characteristics | COPD | COPD, CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE | In total, 73 patients were randomized to either the UCG (n = 37) or IG (n = 36) after 3 months of PR, of which 65 were followed up until the end of trial (Fig.
Flow diagram of STEP trial. Numbers refer to the total number of patients evaluated at each timepoint, independently of obtaining valid physical activity measu... | PMC10563200 |
Intervention effect on physical activity | Patients who received the PA-telecoaching intervention presented clinically important improvements in steps/day compared to patients in the UCG, at each time point after randomization (Fig.
Comparison of the changes in PA between patients from both the IG and UCG, adjusted for daylight at each visit point. p-values in... | PMC10563200 | ||
Effect on secondary outcomes | SECONDARY | The PA-telecoaching program did not induce significant improvements in terms of maximal, endurance and functional exercise tolerance, muscle strength and QoL as compared to usual care (Table
Comparison of the changes in secondary outcomes between IG and UCGValues presented as estimates ± standard error. m- months, PR,... | PMC10563200 | |
Effect on exploratory outcomes | SE, high-density lipoprotein | The effect of the PA-telecoaching program on exploratory outcomes is displayed in Table
Effect of PA-telecoaching intervention on exploratory outcomesData are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. UCG, usual care group; IG, intervention group; DEXA, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry; g, gram; mg, milligram; dL, decil... | PMC10563200 | |
Adverse events and follow-up | cancer, non-respiratory adverse, pain | ADVERSE EVENTS, CANCER, EVENT, VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS | Twenty patients (57%) experienced at least one (moderate or severe) acute exacerbation during the study in the UCG compared to 14 (47%) patients in the IG (p = 0.46). A total of 51 non-respiratory adverse events were reported during the study period, of which 20 (39%) occurred in the IG and 31 (61%) in the UCG. 47% of ... | PMC10563200 |
Discussion | COPD, diabetes [ | COPD | The semi-automated PA-telecoaching program implemented at 3 months of PR was able to induce a sustained and clinically significant [Despite the ATS/ERS recommendation of including physical activity promotion within PR [A first explanation for this apparent discrepancy across trials, is the timing of the PA-coaching int... | PMC10563200 |
Strengths and limitations | PR-benefits | To the best of our knowledge, this trial is one of the first to test a long-term effect of a PA intervention and to investigate the causal relationship between PA and PR-benefits using an interventional design after 3 months of PR and 9 months of follow-up. It therefore helps to understand the importance of achieving t... | PMC10563200 | |
Conclusion | The implementation of a semi-automated PA-telecoaching program after a 3 months-PR program was effective to improve the amount of PA. Contrary to our hypothesis, this did not result in a better maintenance of other PR-acquired benefits. Further studies need to look into further strategies to maintain the overall physic... | PMC10563200 | ||
Acknowledgements | The authors would like to thank physiotherapists Iris Coosemans, Veronica Barbier, Lode Claes, Ilse Muylaert, Nele Vandenbergh and the staff of the Respiratory Rehabilitation Department and Pulmonary Function Department at the University Hospital Leuven for the collection of data and for providing the exercise training... | PMC10563200 | ||
Authors’ contributions | SE, HD, FMR | Design of the work: TT, ML and FMR; data acquisition: ML, FMR, HD, AB and SE; data analysis: ML, FMR and HD; drafting the work: ML and FMR. All authors revised this manuscript critically for its intellectual content, gave their final approval of the version to be published and agreed to be accountable for all aspects o... | PMC10563200 | |
Funding | HD, FMR | This work was supported by the Flemish Research Foundation – Flanders (FWO #G.0871.13). FMR was funded by The National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Brazil (249579/2013–8) during the execution of this work. HD is a post-doctoral research fellow of the Flemish Research Foundation (FWO Flan... | PMC10563200 | |
Data Availability | The datasets generated and/or analysed during the current study are not publicly available but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. | PMC10563200 | ||
Declarations | PMC10563200 | |||
Ethics approval and consent to participate | The ethics committee of the University Hospital Leuven approved this study (S57963). All participants gave written informed consent before data collection began. | PMC10563200 | ||
Consent for publication | Not Applicable. | PMC10563200 | ||
Competing interests | The authors declare that they have no competing interests. | PMC10563200 | ||
Abbreviations | RESPIRATORY DISEASES, THORACIC | ActigraphAmerican Thoracic SocietyBone Mineral DensityChronic Obstructive Pulmonary DiseaseCardiopulmonary Exercise TestingChronic Respiratory Disease QuestionnaireDynaport MovemonitorDual Energy X-ray AbsorptiometryEuropean Respiratory SocietyHigh-Density LipoproteinIntervention GroupLow-Density LipoproteinMovement In... | PMC10563200 | |
References | PMC10563200 | |||
Background | dehydration | DEHYDRATION, FLUID OVERLOAD | Communicated by Michalis G Nikolaidis.Older adults are susceptible to dehydration and fluid overload due to a reduced ability to maintain homeostatic control of fluid and electrolyte balance. | PMC10492686 |
Purpose | To assess fluid and electrolyte balance responses in young and older men following ingestion of commonly consumed beverages differing in composition. | PMC10492686 | ||
Methods | 12 young and 11 older men were recruited. Euhydrated body mass was recorded. Participants consumed 1L (250 ml every 15 min) of water, fruit juice, a sports drink or low-fat milk in a randomized cross-over design. Urine and blood samples were obtained before and after the drinking period and every hour thereafter for 3-... | PMC10492686 | ||
Results | Free water clearance was significantly higher in Young than Older at 1 and 2 h after the ingestion of W and S (p < 0.05). Net Na | PMC10492686 | ||
Conclusions | Milk, age-related loss, fluid retention | FLUID RETENTION | Milk was retained longer than other beverages in Young, but not in Older, despite similar net electrolyte balance responses. Older had higher fluid retention in the first 2 h after the ingestion of all beverages, except for milk when compared to Young, indicating an age-related loss of ability to regulate fluid balance... | PMC10492686 |
Supplementary Information | The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00421-023-05241-0. | PMC10492686 | ||
Keywords | PMC10492686 | |||
Introduction | Fluid deficits, thirst | FLUID RETENTION | Ageing is accompanied with changes in the homeostatic control systems that regulate fluid and electrolyte balance (Rolls and Philips However, under free-living conditions, older adults are more prone to become dehydrated than their younger counterparts. Fluid deficits in older adults can occur through a variety of rout... | PMC10492686 |
Methods | The fluid and electrolyte balance responses after ingestion of four commonly consumed and commercially available beverages were tested in young and older volunteers. The beverages were: still water (as control); fruit juice with a moderate carbohydrate and potassium content; a sport drink with moderate carbohydrate and... | PMC10492686 | ||
Pre-trial standardization/exclusion criteria | stature | Twenty-four healthy active volunteers were recruited into two groups: n = 12 were allocated to the young group (18-35y) and n = 12 to the older group (> 55y) with participants matched for stature and body mass. One participant in the older group dropped out Participant anthropometric characteristics, hydration habits, ... | PMC10492686 | |
Participant characteristics on entry into the study | The physical activity levels of the participants varied, with the older group reporting an average of 6.7 h of moderate/intense exercise per week, compared to the young group's reported average of 5.9 h per week. Participants engaged in a range of sports or activities, with jogging more than 5 k, swimming more than 600... | PMC10492686 | ||
Experimental procedure | BLOOD, APPENDIX | Participants attended the laboratory for four experimental trial days, each separated by 7-days. All trials were conducted in the morning after an overnight fast (> 8 h). Participants ingested 500 ml of still water (Highland SpringWater, energy, macronutrient, sodium, and potassium content of tested beveragesApart from... | PMC10492686 | |
Blood, serum, and urine analysis | depression | Total urine mass (to nearest g) was measured over the 3 h post beverage ingestion. Samples of urine obtained each hour were analysed for urine osmolality, creatinine concentration and urine electrolyte content. From each urine void, a 5 ml aliquot was collected and stored at 4 °C for the analysis of urine osmolality, e... | PMC10492686 | |
Data calculations and statistical analysis | All the participants achieved a positive net fluid balance of 1000(g) following the fixed volume of the fluid ingested (1L). Net fluid balance each hour was then calculated from the total mass of urine (cumulative urine output) that had been collected to that point. Electrolyte balance on each trial was determined by s... | PMC10492686 | ||
Results | gastrointestinal symptoms | ADVERSE EFFECT | Of the twenty-four participants recruited (12 young and 12 older men), n = 1 older adult participant dropped out of the study due to aversion with the blood sampling procedures. No participants experienced any adverse effect or gastrointestinal symptoms following beverage ingestion.Mean urine and serum osmolality when ... | PMC10492686 |
Cumulative urine output and urine osmolality responses to beverage ingestion | Urine mass did not differ between trials immediately after the beverage ingestion period for Young and Older. However, 1 h after the ingestion of water, the cumulative urine output for Young was significantly higher than Older. This was sustained at 2 h post drinking (p < 0.05). Urine osmolality was significantly lower... | PMC10492686 | ||
Net fluid balance (NFB) | NFB | At 1 and 2 h after ingesting water, there were significant differences between Young and Older. However, no significant difference was observed between age groups when comparing NFB at 3 h after ingestion of any of the different beverages. NFB after ingestion of milk was significantly different from water in Young, but... | PMC10492686 | |
Estimated GFR and free water clearance | Mean (SD) estimated GFR was lower in older participants (74.1 mL/min/1.73 mFree water clearance responses after the ingestion of 1 L of water ( | PMC10492686 | ||
Discussion | We investigated fluid and electrolyte balance in young and older adults after the ingestion of beverages with different nutrient composition and assessed their retention over three hours post ingestion. In young adults, we replicated our previous observations (Maughan et al. | PMC10492686 | ||
Gastric emptying and intestinal absorption of fluid | age-related reduction | CLOT | In the present study, the difference in fluid balance response between young and older adult groups may be influenced mostly by gastric emptying rates. In older adults an age-related reduction in gastric acid secretion would potentially allow for a greater gastric emptying rate of milk by reducing casein clot formation... | PMC10492686 |
Renal function | volume overload | VOLUME OVERLOAD, FLUID RETENTION | The ability to concentrate urine declines with age. In the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Ageing, individuals aged 60–79 years had a ~ 20% reduction in maximal urine osmolality, a 50% decrease in the ability to reabsorb sodium and urea, and reduced capacity to concentrate solutes, when compared with 20–39 years old gr... | PMC10492686 |
Electrolyte balance | Older people are prone to expansion of total body water when challenged with a volume or sodium overload. Older adults have been reported to have a diminished capacity for renal sodium excretion (Luckey and Parsa | PMC10492686 | ||
Conclusion | fluid deficit | FLUID OVERLOAD | Further investigation is necessary to examine older adults under a fluid deficit condition to establish how older adults deal with fluid replacement and fluid overload situations. In addition, future research could aim to investigate more significant challenges to homeostasis using test drinks with greater electrolyte ... | PMC10492686 |
Supplementary Information | Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.Supplementary file1 (DOCX 174 KB) | PMC10492686 | ||
Author contributions | NRS | The authors’ responsibilities were as follows: NR-S and SDRG conceived the project, NR-S and SDRG developed the overall research plan, NR-S conducted the research and analysed the samples, NRS performed the statistical analysis, NR-S and SDRG wrote the manuscript, SDRG had primary responsibility for the final content; ... | PMC10492686 | |
Data availability | The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. | PMC10492686 | ||
Declarations | PMC10492686 | |||
Conflict of interest | Nidia | STUART | Nidia Rodriguez-Sanchez, no conflicts of interest to declare. Stuart DR Galloway, no conflicts of interest to declare. | PMC10492686 |
References | PMC10492686 | |||
Background | Body dissatisfaction is a public health issue, however, low awareness of its seriousness, and stigma, may inhibit treatment seeking. The current study evaluated engagement with videos promoting awareness of body dissatisfaction using a persuasive communication approach. | PMC10061748 | ||
Method | Men ( | PMC10061748 | ||
Results | Among both men and women, superior engagement ratings (in compassion for women, and relevance and compassion for men) were demonstrated for the persuasive appeal and informational videos relative to narrative approaches. | PMC10061748 | ||
Conclusion | Videos using clear and factual approaches may promote engagement in body image health promotion videos. Further work should be done to examine interest in such videos specific to men. | PMC10061748 | ||
Supplementary Information | The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40359-023-01120-7. | PMC10061748 | ||
Keywords | PMC10061748 | |||
Introduction | Body dissatisfaction, negative evaluation of one’s appearance, shape, or weight, poses a serious public health issue [Social marketing campaigns are becoming increasingly common within mental health [ | PMC10061748 | ||
Theoretical background | PMC10061748 | |||
Social marketing engagement | One essential component of social marketing campaigns is that they are | PMC10061748 | ||
Persuasive communication | The type of communication that may result in greater engagement in a message has not been investigated within the context of body image. Previous research has identified two broad types of persuasive communication; narrative and informational [The effectiveness of both informational and narrative approaches has been fo... | PMC10061748 | ||
Impact of persuasive approaches on domains of engagement | cognitive and affective | While no literature exists examining the impacts of persuasive communication approaches on engagement, previous work suggests that narrative and informational approaches persuade using different mechanisms [Identifying whether particular domains of engagement may be particularly useful for targeted campaigns; for insta... | PMC10061748 | |
Current study | cognitive, affective, and behavioural engagement, eating disorders | LITTLE | Little research in body dissatisfaction and eating disorders has identified the specific approach taken in persuasive communications as either informational or narrative [As social media (and increasingly, traditional media with a social media presence) relies heavily on sharing of information (e.g., sharing a health m... | PMC10061748 |
Method | PMC10061748 | |||
Participants | Participants were recruited through Prolific, an online participant platform. Men and women aged 18–45 from Australia, Canada, or the United Kingdom were eligible to take part in the study. Participation was limited to persons from these countries as they are culturally similar to Australia, in which the stimulus mater... | PMC10061748 | ||
Materials | eating disorders | Three videos were professionally produced in Australia by a media company for use in a social marketing campaign (independent from and prior to the research) to raise awareness of the seriousness of body dissatisfaction; one reflected a narrative approach to communication, one an informational approach, and the other w... | PMC10061748 | |
Measures | cellulite, eating disorders, ’ | The narrative video (2.48 min) featured a woman in her early thirties engaging in an internal monologue of negative body talk (e.g., “If Mia’s mum needs to lose 5 kilos to get rid of her non-existent cellulite, how many kilos do I need to lose to be part of the short-shorts sports carnival day mothers’ club?!”) while d... | PMC10061748 | |
Procedure | Demographic questions included age, gender (from the following: male, female, otherA series of visual analogue scales (VAS) were used to assess weight satisfaction, shape satisfaction, and muscularity satisfaction before and after viewing the stimulus. Only pre-video exposure data around weight satisfaction, shape sati... | PMC10061748 | ||
Ethics approval | was granted by the La Trobe University Human Ethics Committee, approval number HEC15-116. To reduce the likelihood of a biased sample with high interest in the topic of body dissatisfaction, the true purpose of the study was partially concealed. Participants were invited to take part in a study on health promotion vide... | PMC10061748 | ||
Manipulation check | To ensure that the quality of the videos was reasonably similar across groups, participants were asked five questions, measured on a Likert-type scale from 1 ( | PMC10061748 | ||
Data Analysis | Analyses were separated by gender as women tend to have higher body dissatisfaction than men, which was verified using an independent samples t-test. Scores on all body satisfaction items were higher in men than in women; all | PMC10061748 | ||
Results | PMC10061748 | |||
Manipulation checks | To ensure that the quality of the videos was reasonably similar, we examined participants’ responses to the manipulation check questions. A series of one-way ANOVAs examining the differences between the five groups on the manipulation check questions were conducted. Holm corrections were used to account for multiple co... | PMC10061748 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.