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Ethical approval
Not applicable.
PMC10468939
Consent to participate
Not applicable.
PMC10468939
Consent for publication
Not applicable.
PMC10468939
References
PMC10468939
1. Introduction
Depressive, ’ mental functioning (reduction, mood disorders, mineral deficiencies, mental deterioration, depressive symptoms
(1) Background: studies have shown that some patients experience mental deterioration after bariatric surgery. (2) Methods: We examined whether the use of probiotics and improved eating habits can improve the mental health of people who suffered from mood disorders after bariatric surgery. We also analyzed patients’ me...
PMC10707788
2. Materials and Methods
depression, Depression
POLAND
Two hundred patients who had undergone a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or a sleeve gastrectomy (SG) at least 6 months before, completed the Beck Depression Inventory (a self-rating scale to screen for depression symptoms). Patients with a score of ≥12 points were eligible for the study [Patients were randomized and d...
PMC10707788
2.1. Surgical Techniques
The sleeve gastrectomy was performed using the laparoscopic method. Approximately 80% of the stomach was removed along the greater curvature to form a new sleeve-like stomach, removing the fundus and body of the stomach. The remaining stomach had a capacity of about 150 mL. The Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass was also perform...
PMC10707788
2.2. Anthropometric Examinations
Body composition analysis was performed using a Jawon Medical ioi-353 analyzer (Jawon, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea). Body height [cm] was measured using a metric stadiometer. Waist circumference [cm] and hip circumference [cm] were measured using a tape measure.
PMC10707788
2.3. Survey Research—Mental State
ideation, guilt, anxiety, psychomotor retardation, daytime sleepiness, agitation, insomnia, Insomnia, depressive symptoms, depression, Depression
The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), a self-assessment questionnaire, was used to assess the occurrence and severity of depressive symptoms. The total score ranges from 0 to 63 points, with the higher the score, the higher the severity of depressive symptoms. ≥12 points were considered as the presence of depressive sym...
PMC10707788
2.4. Eating Habits Assessment
chronic diseases, malnutrition
POLAND, CHRONIC DISEASES, MALNUTRITION
A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), consisting of a comprehensive list of foods and beverages with response categories indicating usual frequency of consumption over a period of time (never or almost never, once a month or less often, several times a month, several times a week, every day, several times a day) was us...
PMC10707788
2.5. Laboratory Tests
POLAND
Biological material was collected from patients at two time points—visit 1 and control (after 5 weeks). Venous blood was collected in EDTA tubes (Sarstedt, Bionovo, Legnica, Poland), centrifuged (3500 rpm for 10 min), and then the plasma and morphos fractions were separated in each eppendorf. Stool was collected using ...
PMC10707788
2.6. Markers of the Intestinal Barrier Integrity
Tecan, LBP
Fecal zonulin levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Immundiagnostik AG, Bensheim, Germany) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Absorbance was measured with a spectrophotometer (Sunrise, Tecan, Männedor, Switzerland) at 450 nm.The concentration of LPS and occludin in blood serum was ...
PMC10707788
2.7. Sequencing Analysis of Bacterial 16S RNA Genes
DNA isolation from feces and sequencing of the V3–V4 regions of the 16S rDNA gene were performed using the Illumina MiSeq instrument (Illumina INC, San Diego, CA, USA) at the Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, of the University of Kiel (Kiel, Germany) according to their own protocol. DNA was isolated using microc...
PMC10707788
2.8. Determination of Homocysteine and Vitamin D Levels in Blood Serum
Tecan
The concentration of vitamin D metabolite 25 (OH) was determined by Diagnostyka SA with the automated chemiluminescence immunoassay method (CLIA) using the LIAISON XL device (DiaSorin, Vercelli, Italy). Serum homocysteine concentration was determined by ELISA (Bioassay Technology Laboratory, Shanghai, China) according ...
PMC10707788
2.9. 16S rRNA Sequence Preprocessing
The sequencing was carried out using Illumina paired-end technology, specifically targeting the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. To assess the quality of the raw sequencing data, a thorough initial quality screening was conducted using FastQC (version 0.12.1) and MultiQC (version 1.12) tools. Subsequently, all data p...
PMC10707788
2.10. Statistical Analysis
Depression, Insomnia, HRSD
TSS
To compare baseline characteristics of patients, we utilized either the Wilcoxon test or Fisher test. To evaluate differences between treatment groups (Placebo versus Probiotic) concerning changes in clinical response variables from baseline to the end of the intervention, including Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Ham...
PMC10707788
3. Results
PMC10707788
3.1. Patients’ Characteristics
The characteristics of patients are presented in
PMC10707788
3.2. Psychiatric Scales
Depression, Insomnia, HRSD
First, we examined differences between treatments groups (Placebo versus Probiotic) with respect to the average change from baseline to end of intervention in three response variables, i.e., Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Hamilton Psychiatric Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), and Insomnia scale, while accounting fo...
PMC10707788
3.3. DQI-I and Its Subscales
psychiatric
In addition to psychiatric outcomes, Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) and four subscales, namely variety, adequacy, moderation and overall balance, were also examined. In the next stage, we investigated the effect of body mass change (BMC), in addition to intervention, to see if patients who had experienced a h...
PMC10707788
3.4. Gut Microbiota
At baseline, alpha diversity did not differ between Placebo and Probiotic groups regardless of the type of bariatric surgery (
PMC10707788
4. Discussion
Depressive, ’ mental functioning (reduction, microbiota disorders, depression, LBP, depressive disorders
To the best of our knowledge, the study conducted is the first to address the possibility of reducing the severity of depressive disorders in people after bariatric surgery using diet and probiotic therapy.Depressive symptoms were observed in 45% of 200 patients who underwent bariatric surgery. The presence of depressi...
PMC10707788
Supplementary Materials
The following supporting information can be downloaded at: Click here for additional data file.
PMC10707788
Author Contributions
Conceptualization, N.K. and E.S.; methodology, E.S. and I.Ł.; software, M.K., A.M.-V.K. and A.N.; validation, E.S., I.Ł. and M.W.; formal analysis, M.K.; investigation, N.K., K.K. and B.K.; resources, K.K. and B.K.; data curation, N.K. and E.S.; writing—original draft preparation, N.K., I.Ł., M.F. and E.S.; writing—rev...
PMC10707788
Institutional Review Board Statement
The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the Bioethics Committee of the Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin (resolution no. KB-0012/40/17) on 27 February 2017.
PMC10707788
Informed Consent Statement
Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.
PMC10707788
Data Availability Statement
Data are contained within the article and
PMC10707788
Conflicts of Interest
Authors Mariusz Kaczmarczyk and Igor Łoniewski were employed by the company Sanprobi sp. z o.o. sp. k. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
PMC10707788
References
SE, Depression, psychiatric, LBP
Study design. PPI—proton pump inhibitors.Predictor effect plots summarizing the role of intervention and surgery type on predicted values of the BDI (Predictor effect plots summarizing the role of intervention and surgery type on predicted values of the DQI-I (Body mass change (BMC) between the time of patient’s surger...
PMC10707788
COMMENT
obesity, diabetes, shock, erectile dysfunction
UROLOGICAL DISEASES, OBESITY, SHOCK, VASCULOGENIC ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, DIABETES, DYSLIPIDEMIA, HYPERTENSION, ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION
None declared.First Department of Urology, G. Gennimatas Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GreeceInstitute for the Study of Urological Diseases, Thessaloniki, GreeceDimitrios Kalyvianakis The undeniably numerous advances in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) over the last two decad...
PMC9881815
REFERENCES
PMC9881815
Background and aims
PRETERM BIRTH, DISEASE
Preterm birth has been linked with an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease from childhood into adolescence and early adulthood. In this study, we aimed to investigate differences in CV health profiles between former term- and preterm-born infants in a cohort of Tyrolean adolescents.
PMC10367422
Methods
The Early Vascular Aging (EVA)-Tyrol study is a population-based non-randomized controlled trial, which prospectively enrolled 14- to 19-year-old adolescents in North Tyrol, Austria and South Tyrol, Italy between 2015 and 2018. Metrics of CV health (body mass index (BMI), systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DB...
PMC10367422
Results
term-born
In total, 1,491 study participants (59.5% female, mean age 16.5 years) were included in the present analysis. SBP and DBP were significantly higher in former preterm-born adolescents (mean gestational age 34.6 ± 2.4 weeks) compared to term-born controls (
PMC10367422
Conclusions
hypertension
PRETERM BIRTH, HYPERTENSION
Preterm birth is associated with elevated SBP and DBP in adolescence, which was even confirmed for former late preterm-born adolescents in our cohort. Our findings underscore the importance of promoting healthy lifestyles in former term- as well as preterm-born adolescents. In addition, we advise early screening for hy...
PMC10367422
Keywords
PMC10367422
Introduction
PRETERM BIRTH, PRETERM BIRTH, HEART
Preterm birth is defined as a live birth that occurs before 37 completed weeks of pregnancy [The aim of the present study was to investigate differences in CV health profiles between former term and preterm infants in a cohort of Tyrolean adolescents. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to investigate the im...
PMC10367422
Methods
PMC10367422
Study population and design
PRETERM BIRTH
The present study was conducted as part of the EVA-Tyrol study, a population-based, non-randomized controlled trial at the Department of Pediatrics II at the Medical University of Innsbruck. EVA-Tyrol is aiming to assess the prevalence of CV health profiles and the efficacy of a health promotion intervention on CV risk...
PMC10367422
Perinatal characteristics
health behaviors
All participating adolescents were asked bringing the so-called “mother–child booklet” with them on the day of examination. Within this official medical document health data about pregnancy, birth and regular pediatric examinations during the first 5 years of life are documented in Austria and Italy. We registered infa...
PMC10367422
Anthropometry
For anthropometric measurements study participants wore light indoor clothes without shoes. Weight was assessed using calibrated medical precision scales and height was determined using a Harpenden stadiometer (Holtain, Crymych, United Kingdom). BMI was calculated as body weight in kilograms divided by the square of he...
PMC10367422
Assessment of lifestyle risk factors
Atherosclerosis
ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Behavioral risk factors, such as smoking status and physical activity, were assessed in a standardized medical interview conducted by trained medical staff in attendance of a specialist in pediatrics, compiled and adapted from the questionnaires from the Atherosclerosis Risk-Factors in Male Youngsters, Atherosclerosis ...
PMC10367422
Blood sample collection and laboratory measurements
BLOOD
Blood samples were taken early in the morning after an overnight fasting of at least eight hours and were immediately stored in cooling boxes (at approximately 4 °C). After rapid transport to the ISO-certified Central Institute for Medical and Chemistry Laboratory Diagnosis at Medical University of Innsbruck serum gluc...
PMC10367422
Assessment of socio-economic status
The Family Affluence Score (FAS) was used to determine the socio-economic status. Study participants were asked about four status items (including owning a car in the family, having an own bedroom, going on vacations and number of computers in the household) and classified into the categories high, middle and low afflu...
PMC10367422
Classification of education
SECONDARY
After nine years of compulsory school attendance, the Austrian education system offers three different educational pathways. In secondary high schools adolescents receive general academic education, secondary vocational schools provide general education as well as occupation-specific knowledge or adolescents may be tra...
PMC10367422
Statistical analysis
SD
Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 27.0 for Windows (IBM Corporation, Armonk, New York). Data of the study characteristics at baseline and follow-up are shown as mean ± SD or median (interquartile ranges) and categorical variables as count (percentages). Differences in CV health metrics were determin...
PMC10367422
Discussion
obesity, fasting blood glucose
OBESITY, PRETERM BIRTH, GESTATIONAL DIABETES, INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION, REGRESSION, ELEVATED BLOOD PRESSURE, PREECLAMPSIA
Although preterm birth rates in developed high-income countries have stagnated or declined over the past 1.5 decades [Regarding blood pressure, SBP as well as DBP were significantly higher in former preterm-born adolescents compared to term-born controls after adjustment for sex, age at examination, BMI, smoking status...
PMC10367422
Strengths and limitations
term-born
PRETERM BIRTH
One of the main strengths of our study is the large and homogenous study cohort, which includes adolescents from all types of schools and apprentices of the same age from the entire study region. Furthermore, we investigated a broad spectrum of CV health parameters and data was collected prospectively by a small and st...
PMC10367422
Implications and conclusion
hypertension, term-born, prematurity
ELEVATED BLOOD PRESSURE, HYPERTENSION, PRETERM BIRTH
The results of our study underscore the impact of prematurity on CV risk. In our cohort, SBP and DBP were significantly higher in former preterm-born than in term-born adolescents. It should be emphasized that elevated blood pressure levels were even found in adolescents born late preterm. Therefore, early screening fo...
PMC10367422
Acknowledgements
None to declare
PMC10367422
Authors’ contributions
CH and J-PN These authors takes responsibility for all aspects of the reliability and freedom from bias of the data presented and their discussed interpretation. CH, J-PN, NG, AS, BB, KS, SJK, RG, EG, MK and UKK. These authors acquired the data, critically revised the manuscript for key intellectual content and approve...
PMC10367422
Funding
Acknowledgement of grant support: The EVA-Tyrol study is financially supported by the excellence initiative (Competence Centers for Excellent Technologies—COMET) of the Austrian Research Promotion Agency FFG: “Research Center of Excellence in Vascular Ageing—Tyrol, VASCage” (K project number 843536) and by the excellen...
PMC10367422
Availability of data and materials
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
PMC10367422
Declarations
PMC10367422
Ethics approval and consent to participate
The study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, ethical approval was approved by the Institutional Review board of the Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (approval number AN 2015–0005 345/4.13, first registered 29/04/2019). The study is registered at All study participants provided written...
PMC10367422
Consent for publication
Not applicable.
PMC10367422
Competing interest
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
PMC10367422
References
PMC10367422
Methods
PMC10526658
Patients
nonbreast malignancy, tumor, toxicity, chronically active hepatitis B or C, infection, primary breast cancer, primary breast cancer stage, autoimmune disease, Cancer
TUMOR, INFECTION, PRIMARY TUMOR, AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE, CANCER
This was a prospective, open-label, nonrandomized phase I diagnostic study in patients with untreated primary breast cancer (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05203497). The study protocol was approved by the Scientific Council of Cancer Research Institute and Board of Medical Ethics, Tomsk National Research Medical Ce...
PMC10526658
Imaging Protocol
STERILE, ANTERIOR, BLOOD
Labeling of For labeling, 150 µL sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was added to a vial with ZHER2:41071. The vial content was mixed and checked visually to ensure that the content was completely dissolved, and no particles or opalescence was observed.The The yield was 97 ± 1%. The injected activity was 451 ± 71 M...
PMC10526658
Statistics
HER2-negative tumors, tumors, tumor
REGRESSION, TUMOR, TUMORS
Values are reported as the mean ± SD. Differences between uptakes in organs at different injected masses of the protein were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine whether the differences between uptake for HER2-positive and HER2-low or HER2-nega...
PMC10526658
Discussion
cancer, tumor, HER2-positive primary tumors, HER2-negative
CANCER, TUMOR, HEPATIC METASTASES
Recent advances in HER2-targeted therapy have prompted the need for increased understanding of HER2 expression levels, ideally in each tumor lesion in each patient. It is important to consider the availability and ease of use of the method to become broadly useful. Visualization and quantification of the expression of ...
PMC10526658
Conclusions
CAN, Cancer
CANCER
Injections of This research was financially supported by the Swedish Cancer Society (CAN 21 1485 Pj) and the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (075-15-2019-1925).
PMC10526658
Materials and Methods
pulpitis
PULPITIS
Academic Editor: Sivakumar Nuvvula In this randomized clinical trial, 64 patients who had mandibular first and second molars with irreversible pulpitis were randomly divided into two groups (
PMC10266914
Results
pain
The pain score was not significantly different between the two groups at the baseline or any other postoperative time point (
PMC10266914
Conclusion
pulpitis, pain
PULPITIS
Both KTP and ibuprofen effectively decreased postendodontic pain. Considering the comparable pattern of pain reduction, KTP can be used as an alternative to ibuprofen tablets for effective pain control after endodontic treatment of mandibular first and second molars with irreversible pulpitis.
PMC10266914
1. Introduction
pulpitis, postoperative pain, Pain, fever, tissue injury, edema, arthritis, pain
EDEMA, PULPITIS, ARTHRITIS, MENSTRUAL PAIN
Pain is an unpleasant sensory experience, which is often associated with possible or actual tissue injury [Postoperative administration of analgesics is often imperative to decrease postendodontic pain especially in teeth with irreversible pulpitis [A high level of postoperative pain is a common concern for both patien...
PMC10266914
2. Materials and Methods
This study was conducted at the Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences between February 2019 and April 2021. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of this university (IR.SBMU.DRC.REC.1398.226) and registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20190716044230N1).
PMC10266914
2.1. Trial Design
pain
An intention-to-treat randomized clinical trial was designed in which the experimental group received KTP, while the control group received ibuprofen tablets to control postendodontic pain. The results were reported according to the guidelines of the Consolidate standards of Reporting Trials [
PMC10266914
2.2. Participants, Eligibility Criteria, and Settings
inferior alveolar nerve block, postoperative pain, pulpitis, edema, perforation, radiolucency, postoperative edema, pain, fistula, pulpal necrosis, tooth
EDEMA, PULPITIS
The inclusion criteria were age between 18 and 65 years, ASA class I physical health status [The exclusion criteria were emergency cases, presence of radiolucency on the radiograph, presence of edema and fistula, use of more than 2 anesthetic cartridges for inferior alveolar nerve block or supplemental injections durin...
PMC10266914
2.3. Interventions
inferior alveolar nerve block, NRS, anxiety, pain
SIDE EFFECTS, CAVITY, COMPLICATIONS
Eligible patients were enrolled after signing informed consent forms. They were briefed about the study protocol and objectives and the advantages and possible side effects of medications.Demographic information of patients was recorded, and their preoperative level of pain and anxiety was quantified using an NRS. Acco...
PMC10266914
2.4. Outcomes (Primary and Secondary)
pulpitis, tooth, postoperative pain, pain
PULPITIS, SECONDARY
The main objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of KTP and ibuprofen tablets for pain control after endodontic treatment of mandibular first and second molars with irreversible pulpitis. The effects of sensitivity to percussion preoperatively, type of tooth, and gender of patients on postoperative pain wer...
PMC10266914
2.5. Sample Size Calculation
The sample size was calculated to be 28 in each group (a total of 56) according to a previous study by Murthykumar and Varghese [
PMC10266914
2.6. Interim Analyses and Stopping Guidelines
No interim analyses were performed, and no stopping guidelines were established.
PMC10266914
2.7. Randomization
The patients were randomly divided into two groups by stratified permuted block randomization with block size = 4 using sequentially numbered, sealed, opaque envelopes [
PMC10266914
2.8. Blinding
A dental assistant randomly assigned the medication envelopes to patients. The dental clinician, researcher, and statistician who analyzed the data were all blinded to the group allocation of patients. Only the dental assistant who randomly assigned the coded envelopes to patients was aware of the contents of the envel...
PMC10266914
2.9. Statistical Analysis
pain
REGRESSION
Normal distribution of pain data was evaluated by the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. The results showed that distribution of pain data was normal at 2, 4, 8, and 12 hours. Thus, comparisons at these time points were performed by the Considering the differences in distribution of data at different time points, the quantitativ...
PMC10266914
3. Results
The sample consisted of 64 patients including 32 males and 32 females, in two groups with equal gender distribution (16 males and 16 females in each group). The mean age of patients was 34.87 ± 11.16 years in the experimental group and 35.81 ± 11.19 years in the control group. The two groups had no significant differen...
PMC10266914
3.1. Harms
No patients were harmed during the study.
PMC10266914
3.2. Group Analyses
redness, pulpitis, postoperative pain, gastrointestinal problems, anxiety, itchiness, pain, tooth on postoperative pain
PULPITIS
Spearman's correlation test showed a significant positive correlation between the anxiety score of patients before treatment with their preoperative (rho = 0.387, Comparison of patients with pain score 0 between the two groups at each time point by Fisher's exact test revealed no significant difference (Regarding sen...
PMC10266914
4. Discussion
pulpitis, postoperative pain, allodynia, pain, gastrointestinal pain, tooth on postoperative pain, tooth, NRS
PULPITIS
This study compared the efficacy of KTP and ibuprofen tablets for pain control after endodontic treatment of mandibular first and second molars with irreversible pulpitis. The severity of preoperative pain and pulpal diagnosis are among the factors that can affect postoperative pain [In the present study, the NRS was u...
PMC10266914
5. Conclusion
pulpitis, pain
PULPITIS
Both KTP and ibuprofen effectively decreased postendodontic pain. Nonetheless, considering the optimal analgesic efficacy of KTP comparable to that of ibuprofen tablets and lower side effects of KTP, it may be used as an alternative to oral ibuprofen tablets for pain control following endodontic treatment of mandibular...
PMC10266914
Acknowledgments
This study was funded by the research committee of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.
PMC10266914
Data Availability
The patients' data used to support the findings of this study are included within the supplementary pdf file, named “data.”
PMC10266914
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this article.
PMC10266914
Supplementary Materials
postoperative pain, pain
The pain database of patients can be found in the attached pdf file, named 8549655.f1.Click here for additional data file.CONSORT flow diagram of the study.Mean pain score over time by the medication type.Mean pain score over time according to the molar type.Mean pain score over time by gender.Demographic variables in ...
PMC10266914
Background
Reduced physical activity (PA) is one of the significant health concerns in adults and children alike. Despite the proven benefits of PA, most children, globally, do not meet the weekly criteria of enough PA to maintain health. The proposed systematic review is the review of the factors and will provide information on ...
PMC10134558
Methods
ROB-II
The proposed systematic review will be conducted based on the methodology from the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. We will include observational studies (cross-sectional, case–control, and cohort studies), randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and non-randomized study designs for information o...
PMC10134558
Discussion
The proposed systematic review and meta-analysis will present a summary of the available evidence on factors associated with PA participation in children. The findings of this review will provide new insights into how exercise providers can improve PA participation among children and can also help healthcare workers, c...
PMC10134558
Systematic review registration
PROSPERO CRD42021270057.
PMC10134558
Supplementary Information
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13643-023-02226-0.
PMC10134558
Keywords
PMC10134558
Background
metabolic and cardiovascular disorders
CHILDHOOD OBESITY, HYPERTENSION, CHRONIC DISEASES
Regular physical activity (PA) is essential for healthy adulthood and reducing the risk of chronic diseases such as hypertension, and metabolic and cardiovascular disorders [The Institute of Medicine (IOM) proposed the use of the social-ecological model (SEM) for childhood obesity interventions [Reduced PA levels among...
PMC10134558
Objectives
Primary objectiveTo identify the factors (enablers and barriers) associated with PA participation among children.Secondary objectiveTo provide recommendations for increasing the PA participation among children (based on the findings of the primary objective)
PMC10134558
Methods
This systematic review protocol is based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) guideline [
PMC10134558
Eligibility criteria for study selection
PMC10134558
Types of participants
The review will include studies assessing the influence of factors on children’s participation in PA, regardless of gender, ethnicity, and socio-economic status. The age groups for inclusion will be 5–18 years. Studies on differently abled children, children under medical treatment and those taking medications for illn...
PMC10134558
Exposure
The exposures in the review will be factors (both facilitators and barriers) influencing PA participation in children. The factors can be categorized as (a) individual factors known to influence one’s propensity for being physically active regularly [
PMC10134558
Dependent variable
The dependent variable is the participation of children in PA where PA is defined as any bodily movement increasing resting energy expenditure [
PMC10134558