title stringlengths 1 1.19k | keywords stringlengths 0 668 | concept stringlengths 0 909 | paragraph stringlengths 0 61.8k | PMID stringlengths 10 11 |
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Changes in field perspective from pre- to post-intervention | A Bayesian repeated measures ANOVA was used for the total number of specific-field memories (across both remoteness conditions) with time (pre-and post-intervention) as a within-subjects factor, and group (LKM, colouring) as the between-subjects factor. An analysis of residuals confirmed the assumptions of linearity. R... | PMC10306223 | ||
Changes in specificity mediated by changes in self-discrepancies | The current study expected LKM to reduce self-discrepancies thus LKM was expected to impact features of AM retrieval via self-discrepancies. Mediation analyses were therefore performed below. Due to the small sample size for mediation analyses, bootstrapping was used with 5,000 bootstrapping samples and 95.0% confidenc... | PMC10306223 | ||
Changes in positive memory retrieval mediated by changes in self-discrepancies | A mediation analysis was conducted with the change in positive-specific memory retrieval as the outcome variable and change in focused self-discrepancies (from post- to post-self-discrepancy induction) as the predictor variable. Neither the LKM group, F(1, 23) = 2.39, p = 0.06, nor the colouring group, F(1, 23) = -0.22... | PMC10306223 | ||
Changes in field perspective mediated by changes in self-discrepancies | A mediation analysis was conducted with the change in retrieval of specific-field memories as the outcome variable and change in focused self-discrepancies (from post- to post-self-discrepancy induction) as the predictor variable. Neither the LKM group, F(1, 23) = -0.31, p = 0.76, nor the colouring group, F(1, 23) = -1... | PMC10306223 | ||
Discussion | depression, depressed, depressive symptoms | EVENTS | Previous work has examined the impact of self-compassion on a variety of cognitive processes associated with depressogenic thinking. The current study extends this work to examine if a loving-kindness meditation can influence autobiographical memory patterns in remitted depression when negative thinking about the self ... | PMC10306223 |
Limitations and future research | depression | There were limitations to the current study that should be considered when interpreting our results. Our sample was exclusively drawn from a university student population, decreasing the generalizability of our findings to clinical settings. However, it should be pointed out that depression is very prevalent in this po... | PMC10306223 | |
Consent to participate | Digital informed, written consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Participants were informed that participation in the study was voluntary. | PMC10306223 | ||
Consent to publish | Participants provided informed, written consent regarding publishing their data. | PMC10306223 | ||
References | PMC10306223 | |||
Abstract | autoimmune diseases | AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES | High sodium concentration alters leukocyte activation, and in particular T‐helper (Th) lymphocyte polarization, and drives the development of autoimmune diseases in mouse studies. Similar results have been obtained with human leukocytes under The effect of habitual Western diet and salt‐reduced diet on the levels of sy... | PMC10100453 |
Introduction | pro‐inflammatory | The nutritional and immune status are closely intertwined in humans [Sodium is another nutrient which not only regulates the blood pressure, but is also thought to have direct pro‐inflammatory and autoimmune disease‐inducing effects on the immune system [No study, to our knowledge, has examined the effect of salt intak... | PMC10100453 | |
Results | PMC10100453 | |||
Salt intervention in a cross‐over setup is effective | BLOOD | In this double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled study 106 participants were randomized to Habitual and Healthy Nordic (berries, vegetables and fish enriched) diets, and further to Usual Sodium and Reduced Sodium intake groups (Figure The study design. The numbers of participants included at each step of the study, the inter... | PMC10100453 | |
Performance of the multiplexed cytokine measurements | Out of the 45 cytokines measured, we excluded for the statistical analyses the 11 cytokines (IL‐1α, IL‐5, IL‐9, IL‐10, IL‐21, IL‐22, IL‐31, IFN‐α, TNF‐β, EGF, and VEGF‐D), in which >50% of the measurements remained under the detection limit of the multiplex assay (Table | PMC10100453 | ||
High salt intake does not alter cytokine levels | pro‐inflammatory | At the time of randomization to Healthy Nordic Diet and Habitual Diet there were no significant differences in the level of any tested cytokine between the two groups (data not shown) verifying the validity of the randomization. The cytokine measurements at the time of cross‐over and at the end of the study showed that... | PMC10100453 | |
Similar cytokine concentrations during the different diet interventions | pro‐inflammatory | We finally determined weather berries, vegetables and fish enriched Healthy Nordic Diet would exert anti‐inflammatory effects on the cytokine levels. Analyses of the samples from the three time points (baseline, cross‐over and end of the study) showed that the Healthy Nordic Diet did not significantly affect the concen... | PMC10100453 | |
Discussion | autoimmune disease, hypertensive | AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS, AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE | The results from our clinical study show that the diet (fish and vegetable enriched Healthy Nordic Diet) or reduced salt intake does not change the levels of circulating cytokines in humans. We find the placebo‐controlled cross‐over study design, objective measurement of sodium excretion and relatively long duration (8... | PMC10100453 |
Materials and methods | PMC10100453 | |||
Participants and the design of the trial | hypertensive, diabetes, gastrointestinal disease, allergies | CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, ALLERGIES | Previously untreated mildly hypertensive men and women (45‐77 years) living in Southwestern Finland were screened from individuals, who had earlier participated in a national FINRISK 2007 health survey [The subject could be included in the study if mean resting systolic blood pressure was 140–160 mmHg or a diastolic bl... | PMC10100453 |
Measurements and cytokine analyses | leukemia, tumor necrosis, TNF‐α | BLOOD, TUMOR NECROSIS, LEUKEMIA | Blood pressure, weight, and height were measured, and 12‐hour fasting blood samples were taken before randomization at the screening visit (0 weeks) and at the 4‐, 12‐ and 20‐week visits. EDTA‐plasma was separated from the blood using standard procedures. In addition, a 24‐hour urine collection was performed before the... | PMC10100453 |
Interventions | PMC10100453 | |||
Statistical analysis | SE | For the statistical analyses, we only included the 34 cytokines in which >50% of the measurements remained within the detection limit (Supplementary Table Baseline comparisons between the Healthy Nordic Diet and Habitual Diet groups were made with a The data are given as mean (SE) values with 95% confidence intervals f... | PMC10100453 | |
Conflict of interest | The authors declare no commercial or financial conflict of interest. | PMC10100453 | ||
Ethics approval statement for human studies | The study was conducted according to the latest revision of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Social Insurance Institution of Finland. This work was supported by the Emil Aaltonen Foundation [to T.N.], the Paavo Nurmi Foundation [to T.N.], the Finnish Medical Foundation [to T.... | PMC10100453 | ||
Patient consent statement | Informed consent was obtained from each participant of the study. | PMC10100453 | ||
Clinical trial registration | The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT01412346. | PMC10100453 | ||
Author contributions | I.E. and A.J. lead the intervention study. M.S. conceptualized the cytokine study. T.N., I.E., A.J., S.J., and M.S. performed investigation and data interpretation. T.N. performed statistical analyses. T.N. and M.S. wrote the manuscript. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. | PMC10100453 | ||
Peer review | The peer review history for this article is available at | PMC10100453 | ||
Abbreviations | necrosis | NECROSIS | C‐C chemokineC‐X‐C chemokinegrowth factorinterferoninterleukinT‐helpertumor necrosis factor | PMC10100453 |
Supporting information | Supporting InformationClick here for additional data file. | PMC10100453 | ||
Acknowledgments | The advice from Dr. Mikael Maksimow, Pauli Puukka and Tero Vahlberg and expert technical help from Ms. Teija Kanasuo are acknowledged. Companies Pakkasmarja Ltd, Raisio plc, Apetit plc and Vaasan Ltd are acknowledged for providing the foods for Healthy Nordic Diets. | PMC10100453 | ||
Data availability statement | The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the Principal Investigators of the clinical study (A.J., I.E) pending on an application and approval by Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare. The data are not publicly available due to privacy or ethical restrictions. | PMC10100453 | ||
References | PMC10100453 | |||
Background | thalassemia, bone pain, fractures, osteoporosis | THALASSEMIA, OSTEOPOROSIS, COMPLICATIONS | Edited by: Rimesh Pal, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), IndiaReviewed by: Pinaki Dutta, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), India; Antonino Catalano, University of Messina, Italy†ORCID: Adisak Tantiworawit, With adequate blood transfusion and iron chela... | PMC10210588 |
Methods | vertebral deformities, pain, vertebral fracture, thalassemia, osteoporosis | THALASSEMIA, SECONDARY, LOW BONE MINERAL DENSITY, OSTEOPOROSIS | We conducted a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of alendronate for the treatment of osteoporosis in thalassemia patients. Patients were included if they were males (18–50 years) or premenopausal females with low bone mineral density (BMD) (Z-score < -2.0 SD) or positive vertebral deformities from ve... | PMC10210588 |
Results | A total of 51 patients received the study drug, 28 patients were assigned to receive alendronate and 23 patients to receive placebo. At 12 months, patients in the alendronate group had significant improvement of BMD at L1-L4 compared to their baseline (0.72 ± 0.11 vs 0.69 ± 0.11 g/cm | PMC10210588 | ||
Conclusion | thalassemia, pain | THALASSEMIA, OSTEOPOROSIS | Alendronate 70 mg orally once weekly for 12 months effectively improves BMD at L-spine, reduces serum BTMs, and alleviates back pain in thalassemia patients with osteoporosis. The treatment was well tolerated and had a good safety profile. | PMC10210588 |
Introduction | osteoporosis, anemia, Thalassemia | OSTEOPOROSIS, ANEMIA, THALASSEMIA | Thalassemia is a common cause of inherited anemia in Thailand with estimated 3,000 new cases each year (Alendronate is an oral bisphosphonate which is convenient, safe, and widely available. Alendronate is currently used for the treatment of postmenopausal, glucocorticoid-induced, and male osteoporosis ( | PMC10210588 |
Materials and methods | PMC10210588 | |||
Study design and participants | thalassemia, vertebral fracture, osteoporosis | OTHER HEMOGLOBINOPATHIES, SYNDROME, TAO, THALASSEMIA, OSTEOPOROSIS | We conducted a double-blind, randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of alendronate, compared with placebo, in patients with TAO. Eligible participants were ambulatory thalassemia patients aged 18–50 years (males) or more than 18 years (premenopausal females). Other hemoglobinopathies were allowed in case ... | PMC10210588 |
Procedures | NTDT, diabetes mellitus | CHRONIC VIRAL HEPATITIS, HYPOGONADISM, DIABETES MELLITUS, HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION, HEPATITIS C, HYPOTHYROIDISM | Eligible patients were 1:1 randomized to receive either alendronate at a dose of 70 mg orally once weekly or a placebo in the morning on an empty stomach for 12 months. Computer-generated block randomization was performed according to sex and dependency of red cells transfusion (TDT or NTDT), with a block size of 4. Th... | PMC10210588 |
Outcomes | Pain, bone pain, pain, vertebral fracture, vertebral deformity | SECONDARY, VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY, TAO | Two bone turnover markers (BTMs), a marker of bone resorption (C-terminal crosslinking telopeptide of type I collagen; CTX) and a marker of bone formation (Procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide; P1NP) were measured at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Pain scores at back and bone were evaluated using the numeric ra... | PMC10210588 |
Statistical analysis | We planned to recruit at least a total of 48 patients in order to detect the difference in mean BMD of 0.091 g/cmThe study was conducted with approval from the Institutional Research Ethics Committee at the Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University (Ref. number 045/2018). This study was registered with the Thai Clinic... | PMC10210588 | ||
Results | PMC10210588 | |||
Patients | fracture, hypogonadism, fractures, vertebral fracture, thalassemia, NTDT, osteoporosis | THALASSEMIA, EVENT, HYPOGONADISM, OSTEOPOROSIS | From a total of 106 thalassemia patients with osteoporosis in the Chiang Mai University Hematology outpatient clinic between January 2018 and September 2018, 60 patients were eligible and underwent randomization. Thirty-three patients were assigned to receive alendronate, while 27 were assigned to receive placebo. Six ... | PMC10210588 |
Efficacy | PMC10210588 | |||
Bone mineral density and vertebral deformity | After 12 months of alendronate, there was a significant improvement in mean BMD at L1-L4 compared to baseline (0.72 ± 0.11 vs 0.69 ± 0.11 g/cmChanges in bone mineral density at 12 months.Data were presented as mean±SD; BMC, bone mineral content; BMD, bone mineral density. | PMC10210588 | ||
Bone turnover markers | After 12 months of the study drug, patients receiving alendronate had a significant reduction in serum CTX compared to baseline (0.32 ± 0.22 vs 0.57 ± 0.52 ng/ml, p = 0.002) (Changes in bone turnover markers; | PMC10210588 | ||
Pain scores | pain | The mean score of back pain was significantly reduced when compared to baseline in both groups (p = 0.003); however, there was no significant difference between groups (p = 0.222) (Changes in pain score; | PMC10210588 | |
Safety | bisphosphonate-related, fatigue, femur fracture | HYPOCALCEMIA, ADVERSE EFFECTS, SIDE EFFECTS, OSTEONECROSIS OF THE JAW | Side effects were rarely found. There was one patient who experienced grade 3 fatigue after administrating a single dose of alendronate, which led to drug discontinuation. No bisphosphonate-related adverse effects were found during the study period, including hypocalcemia, gastrointestinal side effects, osteonecrosis o... | PMC10210588 |
Discussion | fracture, hypogonadism, pain, fractures, vertebral fracture, thalassemia, beta-thalassemia, osteoporosis | HYPOGONADISM, OSTEOPOROSIS, ADVERSE EVENT, THALASSEMIA, BETA-THALASSEMIA, TAO | Currently, bisphosphonates are the mainstay of treatment of TAO, particularly the intravenous forms (Alendronate 10 mg once daily for 24 months has been shown to improve BMD only at femoral neck in 9 beta-thalassemia patients with hypogonadism who received hormone replacement therapy (HRT) (In addition to mean BMD impr... | PMC10210588 |
Conclusion | thalassemia, pain | THALASSEMIA, OSTEOPOROSIS | Alendronate 70 mg orally once weekly for 12 months is effective in improving BMD at L-spine, reducing serum BTMs, and alleviating back pain in thalassemia patients with osteoporosis. The treatment was well tolerated and had a rather good safety profile. | PMC10210588 |
Data availability statement | The data analyzed in this study is subject to the following licenses/restrictions: The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, AT, | PMC10210588 | ||
Ethics statement | The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Research Ethics Committee at the Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University (Ref. number 045/2018). The patients/participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study. | PMC10210588 | ||
Author contributions | MP | Conceptualization, PP and AT. Methodology, PP, MP, WT and SS. Validation, PP and AT. Formal Analysis, PP and AT. Investigation, PP and AT. Data Curation, PP. Writing-Original Draft Preparation, PP and AT. Writing-Review & Editing, TR, SH, CC, ER, LN, KF, PC. Supervision, AT. Funding Acquisition, AT. All authors contrib... | PMC10210588 | |
Acknowledgments | Antika | Authors would like to thank Ms. Antika Wongthanee, Former Head of Analytical & Statistical data unit, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University for her suggestions regarding the statistical analysis in this study. | PMC10210588 | |
Conflict of interest | The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. | PMC10210588 | ||
Publisher’s note | All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or ... | PMC10210588 | ||
References | PMC10210588 | |||
Glossary | PMC10210588 | |||
Abstract | PMC9838778 | |||
Background | SKIN | Medical Adhesive Related Skin Injuries can arise from topically applied medical devices, especially in those with fragile skin, including the elderly and premature infants. The purpose of this study was to compare gentleness and reapplication of two pulse oximetry sensors (OxySoftN and MaxN, Medtronic, Boulder, CO). | PMC9838778 | |
Materials and methods | water loss | Eighteen healthy subjects aged 65 years and older were enrolled in the gentleness trial, and 20 healthy subjects (18–69 years) were enrolled in the reapplication trial. For the gentleness trial, trans‐epidermal water loss (TEWL) measurements were made at five sites on each forearm at three time points (baseline [T0], 4... | PMC9838778 | |
Results | TEWL rates in the tail region were significantly greater with MaxN compared to OxySoftN at T1 ( | PMC9838778 | ||
Conclusion | ADHESION | The OxySoftN sensor appears to be gentle, even on fragile skin, based on reduced strain on the skin during removal. Further, it demonstrated the ability to withstand several reapplications without functional loss in adhesion.
| PMC9838778 | |
INTRODUCTION | MARSI, skin injuries | SKIN | It is generally recognized that Medical Adhesive Related Skin Injuries (MARSI) are very common and can occur with any medical device that adheres to the skin. Elderly and premature infants are at particular risk for skin injuries based on their fragile skin.Pulse oximetry is a standard of care that is routinely used in... | PMC9838778 |
MATERIALS AND METHODS | Two studies comparing different attributes of OxySoftN and MaxN in a pair‐wise fashion were carried out on healthy volunteers and performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki under protocols that were duly approved by an independent review board (Integreview IRB, Austin, TX).All volunteers were fully inform... | PMC9838778 | ||
Participants | Eighteen (18) healthy subjects (five males and 13 females) were enrolled in the gentleness study. All were aged 65 years or older, with the assumption being that they might be more likely to have more fragile skin than those below age 65 years. | PMC9838778 | ||
Investigational products | The test products for both studies were provided by Medtronic (Boulder, CO). Both devices are pulse oximetry sensors that are very similar in design, consisting of an optical region that houses the sensor and an associated fabric tail, as shown in Figure Image of optical (outlined in orange) and tail (outlined in blue)... | PMC9838778 | ||
Procedures for gentleness study | Nelson | NELSON, CORTEX | This was a 1‐day study in which subjects remained at the clinic for approximately 10 h.TEWL measurements were made using a recently calibrated cyberDERM RG1 Evaporimeter System (Broomall, PA) with dual TEWL Probes that were manufactured by Cortex Technology (Hadsund, Denmark) and available in the US through cyberDERM, ... | PMC9838778 |
Procedures for reapplication study | ADHESION, BENDING, BEND | This was a 1‐day study in which the subjects remained at the clinic for approximately 2 h.The computerized cyberDERM 180° peel tester (Figure The computerized cyberDERM 180° peel tester uses a stepper motor attached to uniaxial lead screw to pull the stressing clamp at a constant rate of 5.0 + 0.2 mm/s. A calibrated Im... | PMC9838778 | |
Statistical analysis | ADHESION | The data were processed using GraphPad statistical software. A two‐sided For the TEWL results, the appropriate values were pooled by individual subject to provide a mean value for the optical region and tail regions of the two sensors and the corresponding control for each time point. A repeated measure ANOVA with Tuke... | PMC9838778 | |
RESULTS | PMC9838778 | |||
Gentleness | ± | Mean TEWL rates are summarized in Figure Mean trans‐epidermal water loss (TEWL) rates for the respective optical and tail regions of the OxySoftN and MaxN sensors at baseline and after the first 4‐h wear period (T1) or the second 4‐h wear period (T2)In comparing results from the optical region of the OxySoftN and MaxN ... | PMC9838778 | |
Reapplication | ADHESION, DECAY, BEND | Successful completion of all 18 reapplication trials was seen with the OxySoftN sensor. However, in 60% of cases, the MaxN sensor lost adhesion prior to the 18th trial. To gain a better insight into this observation, we compiled the calculated values for the 18 sequential runs sorted by code for the 20 individuals who ... | PMC9838778 | |
DISCUSSION | ADHESION, DECAY | The silicone‐based adhesive of the OxySoftN sensor does not appear to disrupt the skin barrier function, as evidenced by the TEWL results. Although TEWL rates were significantly elevated in those sites to which either the OxySoftN or MaxN sensors were attached compared to the intact skin of the control sites, it is imp... | PMC9838778 | |
Limitations | DECAY | The study was designed as an initial investigation into the benefits of a new silicone‐based patient‐side adhesive for pulse oximetry sensors. Gentleness of the adhesive was assessed on an elderly population with the intent to target fragile skin. However, no screening was performed on subjects to characterize fragile ... | PMC9838778 | |
CONCLUSION | DECAY | Silicone adhesive can be a good solution for strong, yet gentle adhesives that are repositionable. The current study demonstrates that the OxySoftN sensor made of silicone had greater repositionability and less skin removal compared to the traditional MaxN sensor with acrylic and synthetic rubber adhesives. TEWL shows ... | PMC9838778 | |
CONFLICT OF INTEREST | Jacob Dove and Derek Moody are employees of Medtronic. Other authors have no conflict of interest. | PMC9838778 | ||
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | The authors thank Jonn Damia and Mary Louise Grove from cyberDERM for their support and efforts throughout study execution. Medical writing support was provided by Hanan Zavala of Medtronic (Minneapolis, MN) in accordance with Good Publication Practice (GPP3) guidelines. This study was funded by Medtronic. | PMC9838778 | ||
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT | The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. | PMC9838778 | ||
REFERENCES | PMC9838778 | |||
1. Introduction | cardiometabolic diseases, cardiometabolic disease, autonomic dysfunction | DISEASE, HYPERGLYCEMIA, AUTONOMIC DYSFUNCTION, AUTONOMIC DYSFUNCTION, HEART | Heart rate variability (HRV) provides a simple method to evaluate autonomic function in health and disease. A reduction in HRV may indicate autonomic dysfunction and is strongly associated with aspects of cardiometabolic disease, including hyperglycemia. Reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability is also implicated in t... | PMC9967111 |
2. Materials and Methods | PMC9967111 | |||
2.1. Participants and Study Design | Before enrollment, eligible participants provided written and informed consent. Our participation criteria were based on age (18–40 years of age) with a BMI between 18 and 29.9 kg/m | PMC9967111 | ||
2.2. Oral Glucose Challenge (OGC) | glucose beverage | BLOOD | Participants arrived in the morning at approximately 6:30 AM in the fasted state and abstained from alcohol, exercise, and caffeine at least 48 h before the study visit. A baseline (0-min) blood sample was collected from a flexible intravenous catheter inserted into the antecubital vein of the left arm. After participa... | PMC9967111 |
2.3. Heart Rate Variability (HRV) | A Zephyr BioHarness strap and BioModule sensor (Medtronic, Boulder, CO) were used to continuously monitor electrographic (ECG) and respiratory data at a sampling frequency of 1000 Hz. All participants were supine with free breathing for a stationary assessment of heart rate for 5 min. From this, the RR intervals were q... | PMC9967111 | ||
2.4. Indirect Calorimetry | In conjunction with the oral glucose challenge, indirect calorimetry was performed using a ventilated hood (ParvoMedics, Inc., Sandy, UT) to determine the expired volume of oxygen (VO2) and carbon dioxide (VCO2). Briefly, participants arrived in a fasted state and were instructed to rest supine for 30 min with the ligh... | PMC9967111 | ||
2.5. Statistical Analysis | ± | REGRESSION | Distribution and normality were assessed by a Shapiro–Wilk test. A linear mixed model was used to assess differences between treatment, time points (0, 60-, and 120-min), and visit order (fixed effects). Subject ID was treated as a random effect. Time points, treatment, and interactions were adjusted for visit order an... | PMC9967111 |
3. Results | PMC9967111 | |||
3.2. HRV | There were no significant treatment effects of glucose across time points ( | PMC9967111 | ||
4. Discussion | Hyperglycemia | HYPERGLYCEMIA, HYPERGLYCEMIA, DISEASE | Hyperglycemia attenuates HRV by reducing parasympathetic tone and/or increasing sympathetic nervous system activity [We confirm that in healthy young participants, an OGC reduces HRV, as evidenced by the reduction in SDNN, RMSSD, LF, HF, and TP (The OGC is also a metabolic perturbation that causes an increase in REE an... | PMC9967111 |
Author Contributions | The author’s responsibilities were as follows: T.D.A. designed the research and was responsible for the final contents; T.D.A., R.M. and K.S.E. analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript. C.M.V. conducted the experiments and reviewed manuscript drafts. G.S., J.L. and B.A.I. provided essential materials and reviewed and... | PMC9967111 | ||
Institutional Review Board Statement | The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Institutional Review Board (or Ethics Committee) of Pennington Biomedical Research Center (approved 6 June 2019). | PMC9967111 | ||
Informed Consent Statement | Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study. | PMC9967111 | ||
Data Availability Statement | The data contained in the manuscript are available upon request to the corresponding author. | PMC9967111 | ||
Conflicts of Interest | The authors declare no conflict of interest. | PMC9967111 | ||
References | (Metabolic responses comparison between PLA versus WMJ treatment during the OGC. (Baseline participant characteristics.Values are means ± SD.Heart rate variability response during the oral glucose challenge.SDNN, standard deviation of NN intervals; RMSSD, root mean square of successive RR interval differences; pNN50, p... | PMC9967111 | ||
Rationale | Behavioral economic drug purchase tasks quantify the reinforcing value of a drug (i.e., demand). Although widely used to assess demand, drug expectancies are rarely accounted for and may introduce variability across participants given diverse drug experiences. | PMC10006272 | ||
Objectives | Three experiments validated and extended previous hypothetical purchase tasks by using blinded drug dose as a reinforcing stimulus, and determined hypothetical demand for experienced effects while controlling for drug expectancies. | PMC10006272 |
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