title stringlengths 1 1.19k | keywords stringlengths 0 668 | concept stringlengths 0 909 | paragraph stringlengths 0 61.8k | PMID stringlengths 10 11 |
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Relation to past work on group discussion [ | CMT | (PDF)Click here for additional data file.We thank Edward Kennedy for useful comments on the initial design of this study. We are also grateful to the support team of the Microsoft Conference Management Toolkit (CMT) for their continuous support and help with multiple customization requests. We thank Christopher Baethge... | PMC10337975 | |
Background | intermittent visual stimuli | Stroboscopic training is based on an exercise with intermittent visual stimuli that force a greater demand on the visuomotor processing for improving performance under normal vision. While the stroboscopic effect is used as an effective tool to improve information processing in general perceptual-cognitive tasks, there... | PMC10211363 | |
Methods | Fifty young volleyball athletes (26 males and 24 females; mean age, 16.5 ± 0.6 years) participated in this study and were each divided randomly into an experimental group and a control group, who then both performed identical volleyball-specific tasks, with the experimental group under stroboscopic influence. The parti... | PMC10211363 | ||
Results | A significant TIME | PMC10211363 | ||
Conclusions | There was a larger effectiveness from the 6-week volleyball-specific training in the stroboscopic group compared to the non-stroboscopic group. The stroboscopic training resulted in significant improvements on most measures (three of five) of visual and visuomotor function with more marked enhancement in visuomotor tha... | PMC10211363 | ||
Introduction | In the fast-paced scenario of a volleyball game, players need to rapidly process a considerable amount of information in order to make appropriate motor action responses. In this regard, perceptual-cognitive abilities seem to be a crucial aspect of skilled performance under time pressure. Previous studies have identifi... | PMC10211363 | ||
Materials and Methods | PMC10211363 | |||
Participants | To determine the minimum sample size required for this study, a power analysis was conducted using G*Power 3.1 (Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany) ( | PMC10211363 | ||
Descriptive (mean ± standard deviation) characteristics of the experimental sample. |
The ‘ | PMC10211363 | ||
Measurements | PMC10211363 | |||
Laboratory testing | To evaluate perceptual-cognitive functions (simple reaction speed, complex reaction speed, and sensory sensitivity), a computer-assisted Vienna Test System application (Schuhfried, Austria) was used. To this purpose, a computer (CPU 1.6 GHz) with a monitor (Dell P1913, diagonal 19″, resolution 1,280 × 1,024 pixels, ref... | PMC10211363 | ||
Simple reaction speed | To assess simple reaction speed, the S1 version of the Reaction Time test was administered. Participants were required to respond to randomly generated light stimuli in the form of a yellow circle appearing at different time intervals (ranging from 2.5 to 6.0 s) at the bottom center of the screen. A total of 28 stimuli... | PMC10211363 | ||
Complex reaction speed | To assess complex reaction speed, the Determination Test version S1 was used. The Determination Test is a comprehensive and multifaceted reaction test that includes the presentation of both visual stimuli, such as colored stimuli and auditory signals, and is used in sports diagnostics ( | PMC10211363 | ||
Sensory sensitivity | The flicker-fusion frequency test is a widely used and objective measure of central nervous system function capacity, including cortical arousal and visual sensory sensitivity threshold ( | PMC10211363 | ||
Saccade dynamics | To initiate a saccadic response, a free-viewing visual search activity was conducted, without any design specific to sports, where participants were instructed to identify a target (a red letter ‘E’) from a field of 47 distractors, including an inverted red letter ‘E’ (‘Ǝ’), a red letter ‘F’, and a blue letter ‘E’ ( | PMC10211363 | ||
Field test | PMC10211363 | |||
Reactive agility | Following the testing procedure by | PMC10211363 | ||
A schematic of the reactive agility test. | PMC10211363 | |||
Experimental procedure | The experiment involved a 6-week training period. The experiment was performed three times per week during the initial part of regular trainings. The pre-tests, post-tests and 4-week retention tests included both a laboratory test (perceptual-cognitive function) and a field test (reactive agility). The total duration o... | PMC10211363 | ||
A graphical illustration of the study protocols with examples of the exercises. | (A) Protocol I: “Wall Passing Drills”: The player stands in front of a wall on which numbers are placed as optotypes. They bounce the ball off the wall, make an overhead pass above themselves, and then touch the designated number before returning to the starting position for the next bounce. (B) Protocol II: “Partner P... | PMC10211363 | ||
Statistical analyses | Descriptive statistics were presented as means and standard deviations. Normality of the data was examined using a Shapiro-Wilk test, and the homogeneity of variances was confirmed using a Levene test ( | PMC10211363 | ||
Results | The control analyses revealed no differences between the groups in anthropometric measures, gender, average training time per week, and training exposure time (as shown in We used the mixed model ANOVA (main effects of TIME and GROUP) to analyze the variability of the perceptual-motor test results of the groups using s... | PMC10211363 | ||
Descriptive statistics of the visual, visuomotor and reactive agility parameters in the stroboscopic and non-stroboscopic groups in pre-tests, post-tests, and retention tests. | PMC10211363 | |||
Interaction plots of visual and visuomotor parameters by TIME and GROUP: stroboscopic (black dots) | Pre-test, post-test, and retention test values are presented as means and 95% CIs. Significant changes ( | PMC10211363 | ||
Simple reaction speed | The ANOVA on the motor time component of the simple reaction speed test revealed a significant main effect for TIME (F | PMC10211363 | ||
Complex reaction speed | Regarding complex reaction speed, we observed a statistically significant effect of TIME (F | PMC10211363 | ||
Sensory sensitivity | FLICKER | The analyses of sensory sensitivity (flicker frequency) did not reveal a significant main effect either for TIME (F | PMC10211363 | |
Saccade dynamics | Regarding saccade dynamics, the analyses revealed a significant effect of TIME (F | PMC10211363 | ||
Reactive agility | The analyses of reactive agility revealed a significant main effect of TIME (F | PMC10211363 | ||
Discussion | Our study evaluated the effects of stroboscopic intervention on visual, visuomotor and reactive agility in youth volleyball players. The results indicated that stroboscopic training were more effective than regular training, with the stroboscopic group showing significant short and long-term improvements in simple moto... | PMC10211363 | ||
Conclusion | The present results demonstrate a significantly greater effectiveness of 6-week volleyball-specific training in the group using stroboscopic eyewear compared to those who trained using regular methods. Stroboscopic intervention resulted in significant improvements in most measures (three of five) of visual and visuomot... | PMC10211363 | ||
Supplemental Information | PMC10211363 | |||
Raw data: laboratory and field test results before and after the 6-week long reactive training and later a 4-week retention period. | The data was used for statistical analyses to compare stroboscopic Click here for additional data file. | PMC10211363 | ||
Additional Information and Declarations | PMC10211363 | |||
Competing Interests | The authors declare that they have no competing interests. | PMC10211363 | ||
Data Availability | The following information was supplied regarding data availability:The raw measurements are available in the | PMC10211363 | ||
References | PMC10211363 | |||
Abstract | Considering equity in early childhood development (ECD) is important to ensure healthy development for every child. Equity-informative cost-effectiveness analysis can further guide decision makers to maximize outcomes with limited resources while promoting equity. This cost-effectiveness study aimed to examine the equi... | PMC10506530 | ||
Introduction | deaths | The world has achieved reductions in child mortality with efforts to combat poverty and hunger. Globally, the under-5 mortality rate decreased by 59% from 93.0 deaths per 1000 live births in 1990 to 37.7 in 2019 (The analyses of cohort data found that linear growth during the first 2 years of life was a strong predicto... | PMC10506530 | |
Methods | PMC10506530 | |||
Study setting | This trial was conducted in Ha Nam, a rural Red River delta province in northern Vietnam from 2018 to 2020. According to the census in 2021, the population in the province was 875 200, the under-5 mortality rate per 1000 live births was 18 and the average age of first marriage was 26 years ( | PMC10506530 | ||
Study design and intervention | Trials-Equity | This study is based on a cluster-randomized controlled trial comparing a multicomponent ECD intervention, ‘Learning Clubs’, with the usual standard of maternal and child healthcare in rural Vietnam (As outlined in previous studies, the primary outcome was child cognitive development composite score at 2 years of age as... | PMC10506530 | |
Outcome and cost measures | Outcome and cost measures were reported in Learning Clubs effects and cost-effectiveness studies (Costs were collected from the service provider and household perspectives including intervention costs, mother’s time to participate in the intervention, and out-of-pocket healthcare costs, as outlined in the cost-effectiv... | PMC10506530 | ||
Equity measures | We conducted subgroup analyses based on household wealth and mother’s education at baseline to examine how costs and effects are distributed by socioeconomic groups. Household Wealth Index was calculated according to the World Bank method ( | PMC10506530 | ||
Analysis | We followed the similar methods as the cost-effectiveness study of the ‘Learning Clubs’ cluster-randomized trial (Multiple imputations were used to handle missing data on out-of-pocket healthcare costs based on the log multiple imputation predictive mean matching algorithm as reported in the cost-effectiveness study (T... | PMC10506530 | ||
Results | PMC10506530 | |||
Baseline characteristics | The two arms (622 infants in intervention; 546 infants in control) had comparable household wealth status and mother’s education levels (Baseline characteristics by household wealth quintile and mother’s education level | PMC10506530 | ||
Equity impact on cost-effectiveness | We assessed child cognitive development score across socioeconomic groups by trial arms (Child cognitive score by (a) household wealth quintile and (b) mother’s education level. The difference in cognitive development score between the intervention and control arms was statistically significant in children from the poo... | PMC10506530 | ||
Discussion | deaths | This study assessed the impacts on equity of the multicomponent ECD ‘Learning Clubs’ intervention, which has previously been found to be an effective intervention to improve child development (Household wealth and maternal education are well-known social determinants of children’s health. Multi-country studies have fou... | PMC10506530 | |
Conclusion | The ‘Learning Clubs’ intervention is likely to be more cost-effective in children from low socioeconomic backgrounds than those from high socioeconomic backgrounds. Even though our findings should be interpreted with caution due to the insufficient study power, the findings suggest that the intervention could promote e... | PMC10506530 | ||
Acknowledgements | HaNam | DISEASE | We thank the Vietnam Ministry of Health’s Department of Maternal and Child Health, in particular, Dr Nguyen Duc Vinh, and the Head of the Breastfeeding Unit, Dr Nguyen Mai Huong for reviewing our programme content and ensuring its alignment with national policies. We thank the World Health Organization Vietnam Office’s... | PMC10506530 |
Abbreviations | Bayley-III = Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development Third EditionCI = Confidence IntervalECD = Early Childhood DevelopmentICER = Incremental cost-effectiveness ratiosSD = Standard deviationVND = Vietnamese dong | PMC10506530 | ||
Data availability | The data will be shared on reasonable request to the corresponding author considering privacy concerns. | PMC10506530 | ||
Funding | This work was supported by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council Project Grant [GNT1100147] to conduct a cluster-randomised controlled trial. The economic evaluation research was funded by Grand Challenges Canada under the Saving Brains Initiative [seed funding 2014–2015, TTS-1803-22331]. The fund... | PMC10506530 | ||
Author contributions | All authors contributed to the study design and data interpretation. Th.T., T.N., Tu.T., H.T. and J.F. collected the data. Y.B. wrote the first draft of the manuscript and conducted data analysis with support from Z.A., Th.T., A.O., and J.F. All authors contributed to data interpretation and critically reviewed the man... | PMC10506530 | ||
Reflexivity statement | The investigators include nine women and three men. Four of them are Vietnamese, five of them are Australian, one is Australian and Kosovar, one is South Korean and one is Dutch. Three authors are based in Vietnam, one in Iraq, one in Zimbabwe and seven in Australia. The authors are at different levels of seniority fro... | PMC10506530 | ||
Ethical approval | Approval to conduct the project was provided by the Monash University Human Research Ethics Committee (Certificate Number 20160683), Melbourne, Australia, and the Institutional Review Board of the Hanoi School of Public Health (Certificate Number 017-017-377IDD-YTCC), Hanoi, Vietnam. Participants provided informed cons... | PMC10506530 | ||
Conflict of interest statement | None declared. | PMC10506530 | ||
References | PMC10506530 | |||
Background | ATRIAL FIBRILLATION (AF) | IMPACT-AF is a prospective, randomized, cluster design trial comparing atrial fibrillation (AF) management with a computerized decision support system (CDS) to usual care (control) in the primary care setting of Nova Scotia, Canada. The objective of this analysis was to compare the resource use and costs between CDS an... | PMC10585905 | |
Methods | Case costing data, 12-month self-administered questionnaires, and monthly diaries from IMPACT-AF were used in this analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to compare costs and resource use between groups. All costs are presented in 2021 Canadian dollars and cover the 12-month period of participation in the study.
| PMC10585905 | ||
Results | EMERGENCY | A total of 1,145 patients enrolled in the trial. Case costing data were available for 466 participants (41.1%), 12-month self-administered questionnaire data for 635 participants (56.0%) and monthly diary data for 223 participants (19.7%). Emergency department visits and hospitalizations comprised the most expensive co... | PMC10585905 | |
Conclusions | Although there were no significant differences in resource use or costs among CDS and usual care groups in the IMPACT-AF trial, this study provides insight into the methodology and practical challenges of collecting economic data alongside a trial. | PMC10585905 | ||
Registration | -20 | Clinicaltrials.gov (registration number: NCT01927367, date of registration: 2013-08-20). | PMC10585905 | |
Supplementary Information | The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12911-023-02329-7. | PMC10585905 | ||
Keywords | PMC10585905 | |||
Introduction | arrhythmia | ATRIAL FIBRILLATION (AF), ARRHYTHMIA | Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia, affecting approximately 200,000 Canadians [A review of 27 studies found the cost of AF to be substantial, at both the individual and healthcare system levels, reflecting patients’ need for resource-intensive (i.e., hospitalization and acute care) and long-term tre... | PMC10585905 |
Methods | PMC10585905 | |||
Trial design | Atrial Fibrillation | SECONDARY, ATRIAL FIBRILLATION | This is a pre-specified analysis of secondary cost and resource use outcomes of the Integrated Management Program Advancing Community Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (IMPACT-AF) study. IMACT-AF was a prospective, randomized, unblinded, cluster designed trial of a CDS system for the management of AF in primary care. Th... | PMC10585905 |
Intervention | stroke, bleeding, AF | STROKE, BLEEDING | The CDS in the IMPACT-AF trial was a web-based software tool designed to support the management of AF patients in primary care. It offered best practice recommendations in regard to diagnostic assessment and treatment, per Canadian AF clinical guidelines, allowed surveillance of AF patients through a range of data sour... | PMC10585905 |
Participants | Primary care practices in the province of Nova Scotia, Canada were randomized 1:1 to CDS (intervention) and usual care (control) groups. Patients within each practice were recruited by their provider to participate. Inclusion criteria were: 18 years of age or older, having electrocardiographically confirmed AF or docum... | PMC10585905 | ||
Data collection | Clinical, laboratory, and treatment data relevant to the AF management of each participating patient were collected through electronic and/or paper medical record review by trained study abstractors at baseline and 12 months. Three sources of costing and resource use data were collected as part of the study: case costi... | PMC10585905 | ||
Case costing data | pulmonary embolism, dyspnea, syncope, stroke, pulmonary edema, flutter, congestive heart failure, presyncope, presyncope/syncope, embolism, ischemic attack/stroke | PULMONARY EMBOLISM, TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK, DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS, STROKE, PULMONARY EDEMA, WEST, FLUTTER, CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE, ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME, ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, EMBOLISM | The case costing data recorded public payer costs for AF-related hospitalizations and ER visits. Case costing data were provided by the Nova Scotia Health Authority (NSHA). As part of the case costing procedure, the NSHA documented all participant-incurred costs for emergency room (ER) visits and hospitalizations locat... | PMC10585905 |
Self-administered questionnaire | The self-administered questionnaire recorded patient’s reported AF-related resource use during the trial in addition to other information (e.g., sociodemographic characteristics and HRQoL). All patients were invited to complete a questionnaire (paper or electronic) 12-months after study entry. The questionnaire collect... | PMC10585905 | ||
Monthly diaries | Patients were also asked to complete monthly diaries (paper or online) during the 12-month study period, which were designed to record more comprehensive data on healthcare encounters, out-of-pocket costs, and indirect cost (i.e., productivity loss) that they, family members or caregivers incurred as part of AF-related... | PMC10585905 | ||
Statistical analysis | SECONDARY | Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients. Since the distribution of the resource use and costing data is highly skewed, we present both medians and means. Costs were collected in 2017 Canadian dollars according to the timelines of the study and converte... | PMC10585905 | |
Availability of data and materials | The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author, FX. | PMC10585905 | ||
Ethics | All methods were carried out in accordance with local guidelines and regulations. Ethics approval was provided by the Nova Scotia Health Authority Research Ethics Board. All participants provided written informed consent. | PMC10585905 | ||
Results | PMC10585905 | |||
Sensitivity analyses | We conducted a sensitivity analysis to explore differences in resource use and costs between participants living in rural and urban locations. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups for the mean time missed from work for GP visits ( | PMC10585905 | ||
Discussion | ’ | This study evaluated the resource use and costs associated with an electronic clinical decision support system for AF patients in Nova Scotia, Canada. During the 12-month follow-up period, there were no statistically significant differences in costs or resource use between CDS and usual care groups. Nevertheless, the d... | PMC10585905 | |
Conclusion | AF | Despite the lack of any significant differences in resource use or costs among CDS and usual care groups in the IMPACT-AF trial, this study provides unique insight into the economic burden of AF among patients treated in the primary care setting. While much of the AF literature reports on the management of AF by cardio... | PMC10585905 | |
Acknowledgements | Preliminary results were presented in an abstract published by Value in Health. The authors wish to acknowledge the participation and/or support of the primary care providers, their patients and staff, the study office team, Dalhousie University Faculty of Computer Science, and all the other stakeholders who contribute... | PMC10585905 | ||
Authors’ contributions | BH contributed to data analysis and interpretation, drafting and revising of the manuscript. JLC contributed to the conceptualization and design of the study, data interpretation, revising the manuscript, acquisition of data and funding. RP contributed to the conceptualization and design of the study, data interpretati... | PMC10585905 | ||
Funding | Funding provided as an unrestricted grant from Bayer Inc. The funding body played no role in the design of the study and collection, analysis, interpretation of data, and in writing the manuscript. | PMC10585905 | ||
Availability of data and materials | The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author, FX. | PMC10585905 | ||
Declarations | PMC10585905 | |||
Ethics approval and consent to participate | All methods were carried out in accordance with local guidelines and regulations. Ethics approval was provided by the Nova Scotia Health Authority Research Ethics Board. All participants provided written informed consent. | PMC10585905 | ||
Consent for publication | Not applicable. | PMC10585905 | ||
Competing interests | RP | JC reports grants from Bayer Inc., during the conduct of the study; personal fees from Bayer and Servier, outside the submitted work. RP reports grants from Bayer and Pfizer, during the conduct of the study. JMK reports other fees from Merck Canada, Bayer, and Pfizer, outside the submitted work. AC and SHC are employee... | PMC10585905 | |
References | PMC10585905 | |||
Methods | celiac disease autoimmunity | Stool samples were collected from 78 Swedish children with celiac disease autoimmunity participating in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to either receive a mixture of supplementation with | PMC10636941 | |
Results | Three different single-cell protists were identified, of which the highest prevalence was found for | PMC10636941 | ||
Conclusions | celiac disease autoimmunity | The prevalence of single-cell protists is low in children with celiac disease autoimmunity. The colonization was stable regardless of the probiotic intervention and associated with increased diversity of the fecal bacteriome but inversely associated with some beneficial bacteria. | PMC10636941 | |
Graphical Abstract | PMC10636941 | |||
Supplementary Information | The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-023-06027-1. | PMC10636941 | ||
Keywords | Open access funding provided by Lund University. | PMC10636941 | ||
Background | celiac disease, enteropathy, Celiac disease, gastrointestinal infections | CELIAC DISEASE, CELIAC DISEASE, GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS, ENTEROPATHY, ENTEROVIRUS, CDA | The main protist of the human gut is Celiac disease is a chronic enteropathy due to an immune-mediated response to dietary gluten from wheat, rye and barley, arising in a small proportion of individuals who are genetically susceptible because carrying human leukocyte antigens (HLA) haplotypes DQ2 and/or DQ8 [In contras... | PMC10636941 |
Materials and methods | PMC10636941 | |||
Study population | Celiac Disease, Diabetes | CELIAC DISEASE, DIABETES | The Celiac Disease Prevention with Probiotics (CiPP) study, a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial, was performed at the Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Celiac Disease and Diabetes, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden [Workflow of the study. | PMC10636941 |
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