title stringlengths 1 1.19k | keywords stringlengths 0 668 | concept stringlengths 0 909 | paragraph stringlengths 0 61.8k | PMID stringlengths 10 11 |
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2.3. Study Population | Children 1–14 years of age, enrolled at a study site, on or initiating ART, and with a consenting caregiver were enrolled to the study. Participant characteristics at enrollment have been previously published [ | PMC10612029 | ||
2.4. Data Collection and Management | We abstracted routinely collected data from standardized Ministry of Health forms in medical files and registers using direct, electronic data entry via tablets into a REDCap database. Similarly, we entered study-collected data, including DRT results, in this REDCap database. | PMC10612029 | ||
2.5. Primary Analytic Outcome | A participant was considered to have clinically significant DR if they had any mutation listed for NRTI and NNRTI drugs with a penalty score or if listed as “major” for PIs by Stanford’s Genotypic Resistance Interpretation Algorithm (i.e., Stanford HIVdb) on any DRT [ | PMC10612029 | ||
2.6. Exposures and Covariates | VF | We selected potential risk factors a priori, based on the existing literature and content knowledge, which included age, sex, duration on ART, prior ARV exposure, and prior history of VF [ | PMC10612029 | |
2.7. Statistical Analysis | HIV drug, death, viral suppression | REGRESSION | First, we describe the proportion of participants from either group who underwent DRT as part of the study intervention or at the study end, per protocol, and the proportion with DR mutations detected by HIV drug classes, e.g., NRTIs, NNRTIs, and PIs. All DRTs for each participant were reviewed, but only one DRT result... | PMC10612029 |
3. Results | VF | A total of 704 children were enrolled in the study with a median age 9 years (interquartile range (IQR) 7, 12); 344 (49%) were female, and the median time on ART was 5 years (IQR 3, 8). A total of 349 (49.5%) and 355 (50.5%) of the CHIV were randomized to the intervention and control groups, respectively. Overall, 382 ... | PMC10612029 | |
3.1. Drug Resistance among Children on ART with Virologic Failure | viremia | MINOR, VIREMIA | Among the one hundred and six participants with at least one DRT result, all demonstrated at least one clinically significant mutation or minor DR mutation, as defined by the Stanford HIV Database. A total of 93 (87.7%) had clinically significant mutations, and 13 (12.3%) had minor mutations only (Among the eighty-eigh... | PMC10612029 |
3.2. Characteristics Associated with Major Drug Resistance | The associations between participant characteristics and clinically significant DRs are shown in | PMC10612029 | ||
3.3. Clinical Management and Outcomes of Children with DRT | VF | The CMC carried out case reviews for all participants with DRT results and recommended an ART regimen change for 46 (43%) out of the 106 participants with a DRT. In the control group, 22 participants had a DRT after the 12-month study visit, and 100% had any DR with 19 (86%) with major DR. Eight of those with results (... | PMC10612029 | |
4. Discussion | virologic failure, VF | Our study identified major DR in most CHIV with VF. The last published comprehensive DR surveillance for children in Kenya was in 2013 before the changes to the recommend PI-containing ART for children less than three years of age came into effect [Developing strategies to optimize cost-effective use for targeted DRT a... | PMC10612029 | |
5. Conclusions | VF | The findings from this study demonstrated high levels of major DR in children living with VF. Providers and policy makers should consider the identified factors associated with major DR when considering which children may benefit most from DRT while it remains a limited resource. Further research is needed to understan... | PMC10612029 | |
Author Contributions | S.A.H. | Conceptualization, L.A., R.C.P., P.O., I.M., K.K.T. and G.J.-S.; methodology, L.A., R.C.P., P.O., B.H.C. and K.K.T.; formal analysis, G.W., K.K.T., L.A. and R.C.P.; investigation, L.A., R.C.P., P.O., I.M., J.W., L.K., E.K. (Enericah Karauki) and K.K.T.; software: N.Y., K.K.T., B.O. and L.K.; resources, P.O., L.A., R.C.... | PMC10612029 | |
Institutional Review Board Statement | The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Institutional Review Boards of the African Medical and Research Foundation (AMREF) (Protocol P545, approved 27 November 2018) and Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital (JOOTRH) (Protocol GEN/21A/V94, approved 19 S... | PMC10612029 | ||
Informed Consent Statement | Informed consent was obtained from legal guardians for all subjects involved in the study and assent for those 13 years of age and older. | PMC10612029 | ||
Data Availability Statement | DISEASE | The de-identified data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to the sensitive nature of the disease being studied. | PMC10612029 | |
Conflicts of Interest | The authors declare no conflict of interest. | PMC10612029 | ||
Subject terms | ESPB, pain | COMPLICATIONS | Various techniques have been formulated to reduce pain and ensure early recovery after surgery, as these are major concerns among surgeons, anesthesiologists, and patients. Erector spinae plane block (ESPB), the injection of local anesthetic into the fascial plane, is a simple and novel analgesia technique widely used ... | PMC10368743 |
Introduction | neuropathic, ESPB, pain | Surgeons, anesthesiologists, and patients have been most concerned about pain and early recovery after surgery. Various efforts have been introduced to help patients recover early after surgery, and the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol is the most comprehensive strategy for these efforts. ERAS regimens h... | PMC10368743 | |
Methods | PMC10368743 | |||
Study design and ethical consideration | This is a double-blind, prospective randomized controlled trial. The institutional review board of Seoul National University Bundang Hospital approved this study (No. B-1907-553-002). The study protocol was registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry ( | PMC10368743 | ||
Patients | coagulation abnormality, allergic reaction | ALLERGIC REACTION, COMPLICATIONS | The adult patients who were scheduled for elective LCS aged over 19 years and with an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status of class I or II were included in this study. Patients in whom needle insertion and bupivacaine injection could cause significant complications, including those with a histor... | PMC10368743 |
Randomization and blinding | An independent researcher prepared 64 identical opaque envelopes for randomization, each containing a random number from 1 to 64. Each number in the envelope was linked to the group allocation number generated by the randomization program (Research Randomizer, | PMC10368743 | ||
ESPB procedures | ESPB | THORACIC | In the operating room, an independent anesthesiologist responsible for the EBPB but not involved in the rest of the protocol performed the procedure. With a patient seated, a 5–12-MHz linear ultrasonic probe (Fujifilm Sonosite Inc., Bothell, WA, USA) was placed parasagittally lateral to the spinous process between Thor... | PMC10368743 |
General anesthesia | ESPB | MUSCLE RELAXATION, NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKADE | After the ESPB procedure, the patient’s vital signs were monitored in the supine position using electrocardiography, non-invasive blood pressure measurement, pulse oximetry, and capnography. Then, general anesthesia induction was initiated with 1.2–1.5 mg/kg of propofol and 0.6 mg/kg of rocuronium after denitrogenation... | PMC10368743 |
Postoperative pain management | When the surgery was completed, an intravenous patient-controlled analgesia device (PCA; ANAPLUS | PMC10368743 | ||
Study outcomes | PONV, postoperative pain, postoperative nausea and vomiting | SECONDARY | The primary outcome variable was the total amount of fentanyl required in the first 24 postoperative hours. The secondary outcome variables were the time to first ambulation and length of hospitalization after surgery. The postoperative pain score at each time point, the number of rescue analgesic treatments, and the i... | PMC10368743 |
Statistical analysis | ESPB | The number of participants required for this trial was estimated using G*power version 3.1.9.6 (Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany). In the pilot study, the amount of fentanyl required during the first 24 postoperative hours in patients who received LCS was 685.5 ± 220.7 (mean ± standard deviation) µg. Assu... | PMC10368743 | |
Discussion | long-term opioid dependency, postoperative pain, visceral pain, ESPB, nausea and vomiting, pain, chronic pain | CHRONIC PAIN, COMPLICATIONS | This study demonstrated that ultrasound-guided bilateral ESPB reduced fentanyl requirement and postoperative pain in the patients receiving LCS. Moreover, ESPB facilitated patient ambulation and reduced hospital stay. These results suggest that ESPB can improve the quality of postoperative recovery. This is the first r... | PMC10368743 |
Author contributions | J.-W.P., E.-K.K., and S.P. conceptualized and designed the study; J.-W.P. and S.P. collected the original data; E.-K.K. and J.L. analyzed the data; J.H.L. and F.S.N. interpreted the analysis and helped with quality control; J.-W.P., E.-K.K., S.P., and J.H.L. prepared the original draft; W.K.H. and F.S.N. reviewed and e... | PMC10368743 | ||
Data availability | The datasets supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. | PMC10368743 | ||
Competing interests | The authors declare no competing interests. | PMC10368743 | ||
References | PMC10368743 | |||
Supplementary Information | ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA, REMISSION, AML | We previously conducted a randomized phase II trial of OCV-501, a WT1 peptide presented by helper T cells, in elderly AML (acute myeloid leukemia) patients in first remission, indicating no difference in 2-year disease-free survival (DSF) between the OCV-501 and placebo groups. Here, we analyzed 5-year outcome and biom... | PMC10123586 | |
Keywords | PMC10123586 | |||
Introduction | tumor, leukemia, AML, toxicities, ’ comorbidities | LEUKEMIA, ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA, AML, TUMOR | The prognosis of elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is poor because of leukemia characteristics, patients’ comorbidities, and treatment toxicities [The OCV-501, a tumor vaccine, is an HLA class II-binding polypeptide consisting of 16 amino acid residues derived from WT1 protein [ | PMC10123586 |
Materials and methods | PMC10123586 | |||
Study design and patients | AML | AML | Among 134 patients who were randomized in the multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01961882), one patient allocated to the OCV-501 group did not receive the study drug, and 28 patients enrolled from overseas institutions were excluded from this study. Of the 1... | PMC10123586 |
Statistical analysis | death | REGRESSION, RECURRENT DISEASE | DFS was defined as the length of time from the date of vaccination to any recurrent disease or death, whichever occurred first. OS was defined as the length of time from the date of vaccination to death from any cause. Survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared using log-rank tests. Univa... | PMC10123586 |
Results | myelodysplastic syndromes | EVENT, MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES | The patients’ characteristics are presented in Supplementary Table 1. The 5-year DFS rate (95% confidence interval, 95%CI) was 36.0 (22.8–49.3)% in the OCV-501 group and 33.7 (20.2–47.8)% in the placebo group, indicating no significant difference (DFS We analyzed the effect of vaccination on peripheral (aNext, we analy... | PMC10123586 |
Discussion | AML | REMISSION, AML | This study revealed that 1) there was no prognostic difference between the OCV-501 and placebo groups even on long-term follow-up, 2) Although the first finding is disappointing, the modest suppression of peripheral The third finding regarding IgG reactivity is a characteristic observed with this helper peptide. The mo... | PMC10123586 |
Acknowledgements | Cancer | ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA, CANCER | We would like to express our gratitude to Prof. Haruo Sugiyama for his suggestion of this study and data analysis. We thank Mr. Nobuhito Sanada, Ms. Akiko Kageyama, and Mr. Junji Ikeda (Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) for their helpful advice on the data of "multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, d... | PMC10123586 |
Author contributions | All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Data collections were performed by all authors except TN and AS. Data management and analysis were done by TN and AS. The first draft of the manuscript was written by AS and TN, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read... | PMC10123586 | ||
Funding | Cancer | CANCER | This study was funded by Cancer Immunology Laboratory Co., Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). | PMC10123586 |
Data availability | The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. | PMC10123586 | ||
Declarations | PMC10123586 | |||
Conflict of interest | Financial interests: Tomoki Naoe has received speaker honoraria from Astellas, Otsuka, Nippon-Shinyaku, Pfizer, Bristol-Myers Saquibb and Sysmex. Nahoko Hosono has received honorarium from Abbvie GK. Mizuki Ogura has received honorarium from Nippon Shinyaku, Chugai, and AstraZeneca. Kensuke Usuki has received research ... | PMC10123586 | ||
Ethical approval | This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and Ethical Guidelines for Medical and Health Research Involving Human Subjects established by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. The protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of NHO Nagoya Medical Center (Dec. 03. 2021/No. ... | PMC10123586 | ||
Consent to participate | Since this study was an academic study using only existing clinical information without acquiring new materials or information, written or verbal consent was not required from the research subjects. Information about the research was posted on the hospital website, and research subjects were guaranteed an opportunity t... | PMC10123586 | ||
Consent for publication | Not applicable to this article. | PMC10123586 | ||
References | PMC10123586 | |||
ABSTRACT | PMC10327519 | |||
Background | Because betaine (BET) supplementation may improve muscular strength and endurance, it seems plausible that BET will also influence CrossFit performance (CF). | PMC10327519 | ||
Purpose | SECONDARY | The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of three weeks of BET supplementation on body composition, CF performance, muscle power in the Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT), and the concentrations of selected hormones. The secondary aims were to analyze the effectiveness of two different BET doses (2.5 and 5.0 g/d) a... | PMC10327519 | |
Methods | BLOOD | The study was designed in a double-blinded randomized cross-over fashion. Forty-three CF practitioners completed the entire study. CF performance was measured using the Fight Gone Bad (FGB) workout and muscle power was evaluated in a 30-second WAnT. Body composition was determined by air-displacement plethysmography. B... | PMC10327519 | |
Results | FGB total improved with BET by 8.7 ± 13.6% ( | PMC10327519 | ||
Conclusions | BET supplementation may improve CF performance and increase testosterone concentration. However, there was no evidence of a difference between dosages (2.5 and 5.0 g/d) and | PMC10327519 | ||
KEYWORDS | PMC10327519 | |||
Introduction | SECONDARY, INSULIN RESISTANCE | CrossFit (CF) is a relatively new training program with the goal of optimizing all aspects of physical capacity and performance. Daily workouts include strength, gymnastic, and endurance exercises that engage both aerobic and anaerobic energy systems in the body [The mechanisms of BET’s potential ergogenicity remain in... | PMC10327519 | |
Methods | PMC10327519 | |||
Study design | POLAND | The study was designed as a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial. To investigate the effects of BET supplementation, 43 participants were randomly divided into two parallel groups: one (The participants attended four study meetings at the Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics and the Cente... | PMC10327519 | |
Participants | POLAND, CHRONIC DISEASES | Fifty-five participants were initially enrolled to participate in this study. A total of 43 completed the entire study protocol and were included in analyses. The participants recreationally and regularly trained in CF at different gyms in Poznan, Poland. The criteria for qualifying for the study included good health, ... | PMC10327519 | |
Supplementation | POLAND | Participants were randomly allocated to a group receiving either 2.5 or 5.0 g/d BET. BET was administered in the form of cellulose capsules (Medicaline, Konrad Malitka, Poland), each containing 500 mg BET. PL was administered in identical-looking white capsules containing cellulose. Participants receiving a daily dose ... | PMC10327519 | |
Body composition | fat-free mass, FM | THORACIC | Body composition was measured fasted in the morning based on air displacement plethysmography using a Bod Pod (Cosmed, Italy). Once the body density had been determined, the fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) were calculated using the Siri equation. Thoracic lung volume was estimated using the Bod Pod software. Duri... | PMC10327519 |
Anaerobic capacity measurement | Anaerobic capacity was assessed using the classic WAnT test on a cycloergometer (Monark 894E, Varberg, Sweden), following the recommendations for such tests proposed by Bar-Or [ | PMC10327519 | ||
CF performance | Twenty minutes after the WAnT test, CF performance was measured using the FGB workout, which has been previously described [ | PMC10327519 | ||
Dietary data | POLAND | Before each study meeting participants completed a three-day food diary. Participants received detailed instructions on the type of food and drink consumed, time of food consumption, culinary techniques, and recipes (which should be recorded using household measures). Food diaries were then analyzed for nutrient intake... | PMC10327519 | |
Blood collection and analysis | Tecan | Vein blood was collected in the morning of each study meeting in a fasted state by certified personnel. After centrifugation, plasma was stored at −80°C until needed for analysis. Selected hormone concentrations in the plasma were determined using commercially available ELISA kits: EIA1887 for cortisol, EIA4140 for ins... | PMC10327519 | |
MTHFR genotyping | BLOOD | Blood samples for | PMC10327519 | |
Statistical analysis | Data normality was evaluated with the Shapiro – Wilk test. A series of within/between-subject repeated measure analyses of variance (ANOVA) in a general linear model was used to compare measurements of performance, muscle power, body composition, and hormone concentrations. The within factors were treatment (BET and PL... | PMC10327519 | ||
Results | MP, FM | Out of 84 participants screened for eligibility, 31 were excluded (22 did not meet inclusion criteria, 19 declined to participate). Fifty-five were randomized and allocated to 2.5 g/d BET and 5.0 g/d BET. Forty-three participants attended all four study meetings and were analyzed. Eleven participants dropped out of the... | PMC10327519 | |
Discussion | dehydration, FM, MP, muscle hypertrophy | DEHYDRATION | Our results showed that BET significantly improved CF performance, which was the main outcome of the study. Specifically, BET increased the number of repetitions in all three rounds of FGB separately and also for total FGB score. There is only one other study of BET supplementation in CF [Even though BET improved CF pe... | PMC10327519 |
Supplementary Material | PMC10327519 | |||
Supplemental Material | Click here for additional data file. | PMC10327519 | ||
Acknowledgment | The authors express their gratitude to all the participants in this study. | PMC10327519 | ||
Disclosure statements | No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s). | PMC10327519 | ||
Author contribution | KDM | EZ, KDM, and AC developed the research concept and design; EZ, KDM, MS, and NG collected the data; EZ analyzed and interpreted the data; EZ wrote the manuscript; AC and KDM revised the manuscript. All authors accepted the final version of the manuscript and agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work. | PMC10327519 | |
Ethics approval | POLAND | The study was approved by the local ethical committee (Bioethics Committee at Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland. Decision no. 1092/17, 9 November 2017) and written informed consent was obtained from all participants before the study began. All procedures were conducted in accordance with the ethical... | PMC10327519 | |
Supplementary material | Supplemental data for this article can be accessed online at | PMC10327519 | ||
References | PMC10327519 | |||
Abstract | hypoalgesia, pain | SECONDARY | We aimed to compare the effects of three intensities of treadmill running on exercise‐induced hypoalgesia (EIH) in healthy individuals. We anticipated that the primary and secondary changes in pain perception and modulation may differ between running intensities. Sixty‐six women were randomly assigned to one of three t... | PMC10519819 |
INTRODUCTION | high‐intensity, pain | SECONDARY, SYNDROMES | Exercise has been identified as an effective intervention for managing patients with pain syndromes. Previous studies have demonstrated that global aerobic exercises (Vaegter et al., The analgesic effect following exercise in asymptomatic individuals tends to be correlated with exercise intensities (Baiamonte et al., T... | PMC10519819 |
METHODS | This study was approved (2023023H) by the Sports Science Experimental Ethics Committee of Beijing Sport University. | PMC10519819 | ||
Study design | Sixty‐nine healthy participants were included in this study and invited to perform exercise interventions of different intensities. Informed consent forms were provided and signed by all participants before participating in this study. Demographic data and baseline measurements (such as resting heart rate [HRrest], PPT... | PMC10519819 | ||
Participants | fatigue, heart disease, pain | SYNDROME, HEART DISEASE | Based on previous studies (Hviid et al., Sixty‐nine healthy female students (aged 18–30 years) from Beijing Sport University were included in this study, 66 of whom were enrolled. The exclusion criteria were: (1) pain‐related pathological or psychological syndrome within 3 months; (2) injury history of lower extremitie... | PMC10519819 |
Procedures | All participants performed a single treadmill running session at different intensities based on their THR. The THR was 40% HRR in group A, 55% in group B, and 70% in group C. The participants wore an HR belt to monitor and record the real‐time HR during the test and running sessions. A running assessment was administer... | PMC10519819 | ||
Outcome measures | STERILE, COLD | Outcome measures were assessed at multiple time points: before, during, and after the running session. The PPT‐arm and PPTol were recorded at every interval during running, and the PPT‐leg was only tested after the running session. CPM responses were evaluated using cold pressure methods at baseline and 24 h after the ... | PMC10519819 | |
Pressure pain threshold | pain | Pressure pain threshold was evaluated using a quantitative sensory testing protocol (Wytrazek et al., | PMC10519819 | |
Pressure pain tolerance threshold | pain | Pressure pain tolerance threshold was assessed using a quantitative sensory testing protocol (Bellomo et al., | PMC10519819 | |
Conditional pain modulation | COLD | The CPM response was measured using a quantitative sensory testing protocol, specifically the cold pressor procedure (Coulombe‐Leveque et al., | PMC10519819 | |
Statistical analysis | The normality of all data was assessed using the Shapiro–Wilk test. Differences in baseline data (height, weight, HRrest, CPM, PPT, and PPTol) between the groups were analyzed using one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA). To determine the differences among the three groups over time (running times and acute follow‐up tim... | PMC10519819 | ||
RESULTS | PMC10519819 | |||
Baseline and running characteristics | shoulder pain, pain | SYNDROME | Three participants were excluded from this study because shoulder pain syndrome occurred 1 month before the experiment. Of the 66 participants enrolled in this study, 19 in group A completed low‐intensity running for 30 min, 21 in group B completed moderate‐intensity running for 30 min, and 20 in group C completed high... | PMC10519819 |
Changes in pressure pain threshold of the arm following running | pain | Two‐way repeated‐measures ANOVA revealed significant main effects (Two‐way repeated‐measures ANOVA revealed significant main effects (One‐way ANCOVA revealed significant between‐group differences (Changes in PPT of arms following running. All data were presented as mean and standard deviation; PPT, pressure pain thresh... | PMC10519819 | |
Changes in pressure pain threshold of the leg following running | pain | Two‐way ANCOVA revealed significant between‐group differences (Two‐way repeated‐measures ANOVA revealed significant main effects (One‐way ANCOVA revealed significant between‐group differences (Changes of PPT in legs following running. All data were presented as mean/standard deviation; PPT, pressure pain threshold. *PP... | PMC10519819 | |
Changes in pressure pain tolerance threshold following running | pain | Two‐way repeated‐measures ANOVA revealed significant main effects (Two‐way repeated‐measures ANOVA revealed significant main effects (One‐way ANCOVA revealed significant between‐group differences (Changes in PPTol following running. All data were presented as mean/standard deviation; PPTol, pressure pain tolerance thre... | PMC10519819 | |
Changes in conditional pain modulation following running | pain | One‐way ANCOVA revealed significant between‐group differences (Changes in CPM following running. All data were presented as mean/standard deviation; CPM, conditioned pain modulation. *CPM in low‐intensity group significantly higher than high‐intensity group. | PMC10519819 | |
DISCUSSION | EIH, muscle soreness, hypoalgesia, pain | HEAT, SECONDARY, CONTRACTION | We investigated the changes in pain perception following running exercises in healthy individuals. Our results revealed that the changes in PPT and PPTol increased with running time. The PPT and CPM responses to moderate‐ and low‐intensity running were significantly higher than those to high‐intensity exercise during t... | PMC10519819 |
CONCLUSION | hypoalgesia, pain | SECONDARY | Our study revealed that moderate‐ and low‐intensity running induced primary and secondary global hypoalgesia effects and increased CPM responses in females, which may be attributed to the activation of descending pain inhibition, while high‐intensity running only induced limited EIH effects with reduced CPM responses a... | PMC10519819 |
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS | Zi‐Han Xu and Nan An conceived and designed research, Zi‐Han Xu, Nan An, Jeremy Rui Chang, and Yong‐Long Yang performed experiments, Zi‐Han Xu and Yong‐Long Yang analyzed data. Zi‐Han Xu, Nan An and Jeremy Rui Chang interpreted results of experiments. Zi‐Han Xu prepared Tables and Figures and drafted manuscript. All au... | PMC10519819 | ||
FUNDING INFORMATION | This study is self‐funded. | PMC10519819 |
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