title stringlengths 1 1.19k | keywords stringlengths 0 668 | concept stringlengths 0 909 | paragraph stringlengths 0 61.8k | PMID stringlengths 10 11 |
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Material and Methods | swelling, incisors, Trismus, pain, trismus | SYSTEMIC DISEASE, IMPACTED MOLARS, POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS, TRISMUS, FACIAL SWELLING, DRY SOCKET, TRISMUS, COMPLICATIONS | - Study design and sampleThis randomized, prospective, three-arm clinical study consisted of patients who presented to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for surgical removal of a bilaterally impacted mandibular third molar from October 2021 to April 2022. Patients participated voluntarily and signed an i... | PMC10499349 |
Results | postoperative pain, hematoma, alveolitis, nerve injury | HEMATOMA, ALVEOLITIS, COMPLICATIONS | Demographic characteristics are described in In the comparison between the three groups on the 1st day after surgery, all values were better in the buccal drainage method group than in the airtight suture method and the no-suture method group, but not significantly. Compared to the first day, the buccal drainage method... | PMC10499349 |
Comparison of treatment time and pain killer difference between three groups. | PMC10499349 | |||
Comparison of VAS and QOL scores difference between three groups. |
Clinical photograph of the surgical area. (a) Airtight suture method, one stitch in the mesio-buccal incision and another stitch in the distal incision. (b) Buccal drainage method, with only one stitch in the distal incision. (c) No-suture method, with no sutures used for closure. (d) Clinical outcomes of the airtight... | PMC10499349 | ||
Discussion | swelling, alveolitis, fibrosis, pain, Dehiscence, trismus | ACUTE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE, ALVEOLAR OSTEITIS, IMPACTION, ALVEOLITIS, FIBROSIS, SECONDARY, WOUND DEHISCENCE, ABSCESSES, DEHISCENCE, TRISMUS | The alleviation of patient discomfort from pain, swelling, and trismus following an impacted mandibular third molar removal presents a continual challenge to oral surgeons. Thus, there are many kinds of flap designs used while removing an impacted mandibular third molar with the aim of recovering the soft tissues for b... | PMC10499349 |
Abstract | PMC10501244 | |||
Background | LUNG CANCER | ONO‐4538‐52/TASUKI‐52 was performed in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan to determine the oncological effectiveness and safety of combining nivolumab or placebo with bevacizumab plus platinum chemotherapy for the initial (first‐line) treatment of patients with advanced non‐squamous non‐small cell lung cancer (nsNSCLC). At the i... | PMC10501244 | |
Methods | treatment‐naïve stage IIIB/IV | Here, we present the updated OS data. Patients with treatment‐naïve stage IIIB/IV or recurrent nsNSCLC without driver mutations in | PMC10501244 | |
Results | Overall, 550 patients were randomized. At the time of the analysis (minimum follow‐up: 19.4 months), the median OS was longer in the nivolumab arm than in the placebo arm (30.8 vs. 24.7 months; hazard ratio 0.74, 95% confidence interval 0.58–0.94). The 12‐month OS rates were 81.3% vs. 76.3% in the nivolumab vs. placebo... | PMC10501244 | ||
Conclusion | NSCLC, treatment‐naive | LUNG CANCER, ONCOLOGY, NSCLC | Nivolumab plus platinum chemotherapy and bevacizumab demonstrated longer OS vs. the placebo combination. We believe this regimen is viable as a standard, first‐line treatment for patients with advanced nsNSCLC without driver mutations in The ONO‐4538‐52/TASUKI‐52 study investigated the efficacy and safety of nivolumab ... | PMC10501244 |
INTRODUCTION | NSCLC, tumor | LUNG CANCER, TUMOR, NSCLC | Clinical trials have demonstrated that immune checkpoint inhibitors, when administered as monotherapy or administered together with appropriate chemotherapy regimens, are promising as first‐line treatments for non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the absence of driver mutationsIn a Japanese phase II study, nivolumab n... | PMC10501244 |
MATERIAL AND METHODS | As previously described,The eligibility criteria are described in detail in our previous report.Overall, 550 patients (275 per arm)Only data for OS were analyzed through to the cutoff date of February 10, 2021 (minimum follow‐up, 19.4 months) using the intention‐to‐treat analysis set. We used the Kaplan–Meier analysis ... | PMC10501244 | ||
RESULTS | PD‐L1, Cancer | ONCOLOGY, MALIGNANT TUMORS, CANCER | The baseline characteristics of patients in the nivolumab and placebo arms are presented in Table Baseline patient characteristics.Abbreviations: ECOG PS, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status; PD‐L1, programmed death‐ligand 1; TNM, the TNM classification of malignant tumors; UICC, Union for Internation... | PMC10501244 |
DISCUSSION | tumor, PD‐L1 | TUMOR | We performed updated analyses of treatment‐naïve patients with advanced nsNSCLC without driver mutations who were enrolled in a placebo‐controlled randomized trial in three Asian countries. At the data cutoff at which time the minimum follow‐up was 19.4 months, the nivolumab arm showed longer OS vs. placebo (HR 0.74, 9... | PMC10501244 |
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS | PMC10501244 | |||
FUNDING INFORMATION | This study was funded by Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and Bristol‐Myers Squibb. | PMC10501244 | ||
CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT | EPS | Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and Bristol‐Myers Squibb funded the study, provided the study drugs, and were involved in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data. Employees of the sponsors reviewed and commented on the manuscript. The authors had full access to the data and took final responsibility for t... | PMC10501244 | |
ETHICS STATEMENT | The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board or Independent Ethics Committee at all participating sites. All patients provided informed consent to participate in this study. The study was registered on | PMC10501244 | ||
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | We wish to thank all of the patients together with their families for participating in this study, as well as the investigators and staff at each study site for their contributions. We also thank Yuki Fukuyama of Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan, for providing essential statistical support. The authors thank ... | PMC10501244 | ||
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT | Qualified researchers may request Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. to disclose individual patient‐level data from clinical studies through the following website: | PMC10501244 | ||
REFERENCES | PMC10501244 | |||
Background | sarcopenic obesity | The effects of dietary intervention in managing sarcopenic obesity are controversial, and behavior change techniques are lacking in previous studies which are important for the success of dietary intervention. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary effects of a dietary behaviour change (DBC) inter... | PMC10521482 | |
Methods | sarcopenic obesity | A two-armed, RCT was conducted. Sixty community-dwelling older adults (≥ 60 years old) with sarcopenic obesity were randomised into either the experimental group (n = 30), receiving a 15-week dietary intervention combined with behaviour change techniques guided by the Health Action Process Approach model, or the contro... | PMC10521482 | |
Results | RECRUITMENT | The feasibility of the DBC intervention was confirmed by an acceptable recruitment rate (57.14%) and a good retention rate (83.33%). Compared with the control group, the experimental group significantly reduced their body weight ( | PMC10521482 | |
Conclusion | The DBC intervention could reduce body weight, and has positive trends in managing handgrip strength, gait speed, and waist circumference. Interestingly, the subtle difference between the two groups in the change of muscle mass index warrants futures investigation. This study demonstrated the potential for employing di... | PMC10521482 | ||
Trial registration | Registered retrospectively on ClinicalTrailas.gov (31/12/2020, NCT04690985). | PMC10521482 | ||
Supplementary Information | The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12877-023-04327-w. | PMC10521482 | ||
Keywords | PMC10521482 | |||
Background | sarcopenic obesity, sarcopenic | SECONDARY, ADIPOSITY | Low muscle mass/function and excess adiposity, known as sarcopenic obesity, often coexist in older adults [A systematic review [Among the different nutritional interventions, dietary modification is a good way of managing sarcopenic obesity and may produce longer-term benefits than oral supplements alone [Two RCTs show... | PMC10521482 |
Methods | This study was reported according to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) for randomised pilot and feasibility trials [ | PMC10521482 | ||
Trial design | This study was conducted as a prospective, two-armed, assessor-blinded, parallel-group, pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT) with an allocation ratio of 1:1. A qualitative interview of the experimental group was conducted after the pilot RCT. This trial was conducted between Jun 2020 and Feb 2021, and it has been re... | PMC10521482 | ||
Participants | illness, cognitive impairment, overweight or obese [
Inclusion and exclusion, dementia, sarcopenic obesity, Sarcopenia, weight loss, hearing and vision | AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE, SARCOPENIA, HEART DISEASE, METABOLIC DISORDERS | Participants were recruited from June 2020 to November 2020 by convenience sampling. The study was promoted by displaying the posters in three largest community health centres which provided a free annual physical health examination to all citizens from the age of 60 in Nanjing, China, and community staffs also helped ... | PMC10521482 |
Sample size | The primary objective of a pilot study is to explore the feasibility of the study. Therefore, a formal calculation of sample size is not required [ | PMC10521482 | ||
Randomisation and blinding | The block randomisation method (block size = 4) was utilized, to ensure that an equally balanced number of participants were allocated to each study group (i.e., the experimental or control groups). The randomisation table was obtained from the Research Randomiser software ( | PMC10521482 | ||
Statistical methods | RA | RECRUITMENT | Descriptive statistics (absolute number and percentage of participants) were used to present the length of recruitment, recruitment rate, retention rate, adherence rate, and completion rate of all the measurements. The recruitment rate of 50% and the adherence rate of 60% indicated an acceptable level, and the proporti... | PMC10521482 |
Results | PMC10521482 | |||
Feasibility of the intervention | RECRUITMENT | The recruitment process lasted for around six months. The recruitment rate was 57.1% (60/105), and the overall retention rate was 83.3% (50/60) (see Fig. | PMC10521482 | |
Acceptability of the intervention | Twenty-one participants (mean age = 68.19 ± 6.30 years old) from the experimental group attended the semi-structured interview. The adherence of the interviewees to keeping a food diary was diverse, from moderate to good (8/21) and bad (13/21). Four themes with corresponding sub-themes were synthesised from the data: (... | PMC10521482 | ||
Discussion | sarcopenic obesity | This study demonstrated that the DBC intervention is feasible and acceptable among the target population, as reflected by the relatively high attendance and retention rates, and by the positive feedback from the interviews. This study showed that the DBC could effectively reduce body weight and improve dietary quality ... | PMC10521482 | |
Feasibility and acceptability of the intervention | We screened around 2,000 people and only 105 people were eligible. The relatively low eligibility rate (5.25%) indicates that extensive screening may be needed in a future study. It is difficult to compare the eligibility rate in this study with those of previous interventional studies because the eligibility rate vari... | PMC10521482 | ||
Preliminary effects of the intervention | The findings on preliminary effects demonstrated that body weight could decreased significantly, with a simultaneous decrease in skeletal muscle. This preliminary finding is similar to that in previous interventional studies [On the other hand, we could observe a non-significant increase in handgrip strength and gait s... | PMC10521482 | ||
Limitations and strengths | There were some limitations to this study. First, it was challenging to perform double-blinding (blinding of the interventionist and participants) due to the nature of the study. Although we maintained continuous social contact with the control group to avoid the confounding effects of psychosocial contact, it was not ... | PMC10521482 | ||
Conclusion | sarcopenic obesity | This pilot study supports the view that a dietary intervention combined with behaviour change techniques is a feasible and acceptable programme for older adults with sarcopenic obesity. The DBC intervention could reduce body weight, and has positive trends in managing handgrip strength, gait speed, and waist circumfere... | PMC10521482 | |
Electronic supplementary material | Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Supplementary Material 1 | PMC10521482 | ||
Acknowledgements | We sincerely thank the community health centres in Nanjing, China for the support in providing data collection settings. We thank faculties of Nanjing Medical University for helping connect the research settings. We also thank the experts involved in Delphi methods for their professional comments, research assistants f... | PMC10521482 | ||
Authors’ contributions | YHY, JYWL and MV were all involved in the design of the study and initiated the study. YHY was accountable throughout for the data collection and data analysis, and drafted the manuscript. JYWL was accountable for the quality control of the study. JYWL and MV both commented and rewrote the manuscript. All authors read ... | PMC10521482 | ||
Funding | This study is funded by The Hong Kong Polytechnic University for supporting postgraduate students, the grant number is not available. | PMC10521482 | ||
Data Availability | The data and materials are not publicly availabe as the participants did not consenting to share their data. Further detials about the data and ethical conditions are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. | PMC10521482 | ||
Declarations | PMC10521482 | |||
Ethics approval and consent to participate | All methods were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. This study obtained ethical approval from the research committee of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (HSEARS20191007001) and the community centres. The written informed consent of the participants was obtained prior to the collecting of data... | PMC10521482 | ||
Consent for publication | Not applicable. | PMC10521482 | ||
Competing interests | The authors declare no competing interests. | PMC10521482 | ||
References | PMC10521482 | |||
Purpose | The opportunities for surgical training and practice in the operating room are in decline due to limited resources, increased efficiency demands, growing complexity of the cases, and concerns for patient safety. Virtual reality (VR) offers a novel opportunity to enhance surgical training and provide complementary three... | PMC10796652 | ||
Methods | Thirty medical students were randomized into two groups and taught mastoidectomy in a structured manner. One group utilized a VR temporal bone model during the training while the other group used more traditional materials such as anatomy books. After the training, all participants completed a mastoidectomy on a 3D-pri... | PMC10796652 | ||
Results | injuries | The VR training method was rated better by the participants, and they also needed less guidance during the mastoidectomy. There were no significant differences in operational time, the occurrence of injuries, self-assessment scores, and the surgical outcome between the two groups. | PMC10796652 | |
Conclusion | Our results support the utilization of VR training in complete novices as it has higher trainee satisfaction and leads to at least as good results as the more traditional methods. | PMC10796652 | ||
Supplementary Information | The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00405-023-08143-1. | PMC10796652 | ||
Keywords | Open access funding provided by University of Eastern Finland (UEF) including Kuopio University Hospital. | PMC10796652 | ||
Introduction | Increased concern for patient safety and operating room efficiency, shorter workweeks and the ever-increasing complexity of the surgical cases have decreased the number of opportunities the residents have for hands-on training [Numerous studies have suggested that utilizing virtual reality (VR) technology in surgical t... | PMC10796652 | ||
Materials and methods | PMC10796652 | |||
Study design | This study was designed as a prospective randomised study. We recruited medical students with minimal experience in surgery and randomly split them into two groups: the virtual reality group (VRT) and the traditional training, control group (TT). Both groups received identical training utilizing two different methods a... | PMC10796652 | ||
Mastoidectomy drilling procedure | SCHMIDT | All participants performed a mastoidectomy on 3D-printed temporal bone models (Temporal Bone Patient “Schmidt”, Phacon, USA, Atlanta) using a surgical microscope (Zeiss Omni Pico), a surgical high-speed drill with irrigation and a suction tool (Image Task 1: Identify the correct starting position from the landmarks on ... | PMC10796652 | |
Factors and performance metrics | PMC10796652 | |||
Evaluation of the training method | APPENDIX | After the training session, each participant filled out a structured evaluation form (Appendix 1.) in which they evaluated the training method used. Free-form feedback was also collected about the possible advantages or the drawbacks of each method. The result of the survey was also utilized for monitoring quality cont... | PMC10796652 | |
Operational time and the need for assistance | APPENDIX | During the procedure, the authors recorded the timestamps of completed subtasks related to the important landmarks using custom-made software (Python 3.9) (Appendix 4.). The software also logged the total operational time and the timestamps of participants’ requests for assistance. | PMC10796652 | |
Self-assessment | ANDERSEN, APPENDIX | After the procedure, the participants assessed their own performance using a structured form (Appendix 2.) by Andersen et al. [ | PMC10796652 | |
Surgical outcome | injuries | A blinded evaluation of the drilled 3D-printed temporal bones was carried out by two experts using a modified Welling Scale [For getting an overall and the most objective evaluation of the participants’ performance, a non-weighted composite variable was formed based on Possible correlations between the time to completi... | PMC10796652 | |
Statistics | Statistical analysis was conducted in the SPSS Base 27.0 Statistical Software Package (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). The performance of the two groups were compared with the independent samples Mann—Whitney | PMC10796652 | ||
Discussion | infections, mistakes | INFECTIONS, COMPLICATIONS | In this prospective randomized study, we taught mastoidectomy to 30 volunteer medical students with two training methods (VR and traditional) and assessed their performance using multiple subjective and objective metrics related to mastoidectomy performance. We recruited medical students without any prior experience in... | PMC10796652 |
Funding | Open access funding provided by University of Eastern Finland (UEF) including Kuopio University Hospital. State Research Funding of the Kuopio University Hospital. The Finnish Medical Foundation. Suomen korvakirurgiyhdistys. | PMC10796652 | ||
Data Availability | The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. | PMC10796652 | ||
Declarations | PMC10796652 | |||
Conflict of interest | The authors have no conflict of interest to disclose. | PMC10796652 | ||
References | PMC10796652 | |||
Objectives | SWo and SG are joint senior authors.‘Healthier Wealthier Families’ (HWF) seeks to reduce financial hardship in the early years by embedding a referral pathway between Australia’s universal child and family health (CFH) services and financial counselling. This pilot study investigated the feasibility and short-term impa... | PMC10668198 | ||
Methods | Setting: CFH services in five sites across two states, coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants: Caregivers of children aged 0–5 years experiencing financial hardship (study-designed screen). Design: Mixed methods. With limited progress using a randomised trial (RCT) design in sites 1–3 (March 2020–November ... | PMC10668198 | ||
Results | including reduced stress | 355/434 caregivers completed the screen (60%–100% across sites). In RCT sites (1–4), 79/365 (19%–41%) reported hardship but less than one-quarter enrolled. In site 5, n=66/69 (96%) caregivers reported hardship and 44/66 (67%) engaged with financial counselling; common issues were utility debts (73%), and obtaining enti... | PMC10668198 | |
Conclusions | Financial hardship screening via CFH was acceptable to caregivers, direct referral was feasible, but individual randomisation was infeasible. Larger-scale implementation will require careful, staged adaptations where CFH populations and the intervention are well matched and low burden evaluation. | PMC10668198 | ||
Trial registration number | ACTRN12620000154909. | PMC10668198 | ||
STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS OF THIS STUDY | The lessons from this pilot can inform planning for implementation and evaluation at scale, to maximise the potential benefits generated by the model.Limitations included small sample sizes, short-term follow-up, lack of control group and lack of quantitative data on non-financial impacts.The study prioritised families... | PMC10668198 | ||
Introduction | adversity | Strengthening financial security can buffer families from early adversity and enhance the environments that help children thrive.While the mechanisms are complex, it is understood that increased household income benefits children directly through better food, stable housing and healthcare (the investment model), as wel... | PMC10668198 | |
Methods and analysis | PMC10668198 | |||
Setting | adversity | DISEASE | Australia’s universal Child and Family Health (CFH) services offer free, community-based healthcare to families with children from birth to school entry. Available in all Australian jurisdictions, CFH services are delivered by nurses, often in partnership with allied health providers and working with interpreters as ne... | PMC10668198 |
Design | RECRUITMENT | When the HWF pilot study was registered with the Australian and New Zealand Controlled Trials Registry (ACTRN12620000154909, 13 February 2020), it was designed as a feasibility RCT in one Victorian site. However, implementation and evaluation during the COVID-19 pandemic required protocol iterations developed through c... | PMC10668198 | |
Design iterations | For site 4, the RCT protocol was simplified. Research processes such as informed consent and questionnaires were shortened, and follow-up was reduced from two caregiver surveys at 3 and 6 months to one at 6 months (see More substantive design changes were implemented for site 5. Instead of an RCT, the model employed di... | PMC10668198 | ||
Patient and public involvement | Patients and service providers were involved in the design and conduct of this research. During the feasibility stage, the choice and acceptability of financial hardship items was informed by discussions with CFH providers and financial counsellors, and between CFH providers and their clients. During the implementation... | PMC10668198 | ||
Results | PMC10668198 | |||
Feasibility (aim 1) | PMC10668198 | |||
Disclosure of financial hardship (eligibility) | In the universal CFH service sites, | PMC10668198 | ||
Consent/enrolment and follow-up in the study | Across the four RCT sites (1–4), 79 caregivers disclosed financial hardship and were thus eligible ( | PMC10668198 | ||
Caregivers who accessed, attended and completed the intervention | In site 3, the two caregivers who were allocated to the control group subsequently identified as high priority and were referred to financial counselling. All six caregivers enrolled in site 3 engaged with the financial counsellor, but no follow-up data were provided. Across the other RCT sites, no other intervention o... | PMC10668198 | ||
Outcome of feasibility | Overall, the feasibility measures for sites 1–4 met definite Stop criteria for progressing to a larger scale evaluation (defined in | PMC10668198 | ||
Short-term impacts identified by quantitative evaluation (aim 2) | PMC10668198 | |||
Financial impacts | Centrepay | The lack of follow-up data from caregivers and financial counsellors in the RCT sites 1–4 precludes the analysis described in the published Protocol.Activities and benefits of financial counselling in site 5Centrelink is a government service which provides support to Australians who face financial hardship. Centrepay i... | PMC10668198 | |
Other (non-financial) impacts | As above, the lack of follow-up data across the RCT sites (1–4) precluded the analysis of non-financial impacts described in the published protocolAt CFH screening:Of 28, 11 (39%) caregivers completed the MGMQ, of which 8/11 (73%) disclosed emotional distress (vs not).Only 4/28 (8%) caregivers completed the PWI, mean 4... | PMC10668198 | ||
Short-term impacts identified by qualitative evaluation (aim 2) | PMC10668198 | |||
Caregiver characteristics (site 5) | In site 5, at the final appointment, the financial counsellor invited 39 caregivers to take part in the qualitative interview on behalf of the research team. Ten caregivers agreed and eight took part including one with an interpreter. Of the two who were not interviewed, one was unavailable at their scheduled time, and... | PMC10668198 | ||
Caregiver perspectives (site 5) | SAID, COLD | Caregivers who engaged with financial counselling were unanimous in finding the intervention beneficial. Four core themes (benefits) emerged and are presented with illustrative quotes, noting some overlap between themes.Theme 1: Reduced stress and gratitude for emotional support and advocacy received.Caregivers describ... | PMC10668198 | |
Discussion | This Australian pilot study aimed to test the feasibility and short-term impacts of a systematic referral pathway between universal CFH and financial counselling services. While financial hardship screening by CFH providers was broadly acceptable to caregivers of young children, a feasible referral model was establishe... | PMC10668198 |
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