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Conclusion | The challenge for the Australian health system is that interventions to address financial hardship traditionally sit ‘outside’ the sector. This results in substantial health system inefficiencies and increased health burdens and costs. | PMC10668198 | ||
Supplementary Material | PMC10668198 | |||
Reviewer comments | PMC10668198 | |||
Data availability statement | hwf.study@mcri.edu.au | Data are available on reasonable request. Data are available on reasonable request to hwf.study@mcri.edu.au (subject to ethical and legal approvals). | PMC10668198 | |
Ethics statements | PMC10668198 | |||
Patient consent for publication | Not applicable. | PMC10668198 | ||
Ethics approval | WEST | This study involves human participants and this research was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committees of The Royal Children’s Hospital (HREC/57372/RCHM-2019; sites 1, 2, 4–5), and South West Sydney Local Health District (2019/ETH13455; site 3). Participants gave informed consent to participate in the study befo... | PMC10668198 | |
References | PMC10668198 | |||
Introduction | enema | STIS, SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS | The HIV epidemic has affected people across the globe over the past four decades, with sexual and gender minorities (SGM; i.e., populations with same-sex or same-gender attractions or behaviors and who may identify with a non-heterosexual identity such as gay, bisexual, queer, etc.)carrying much of the burden of new di... | PMC10096248 |
Materials and methods | PMC10096248 | |||
Sample | HIV-uninfected transgender men, transgender women, and cisgender MSM between the ages of 18 and 35 were recruited into the trial (see | PMC10096248 | ||
CONSORT disposition of participants. | Participants were recruited from a variety of sources, including outpatient clinics, universities, community-based locations, online websites, and social networking applications. In addition, participants were also referred to the study from other local research projects, research registries and other health and social... | PMC10096248 | ||
Inclusion criteria | inflammatory bowel disease or anorectal condition | REPRODUCTIVE TRACT INFECTION, URINARY TRACT INFECTION | Inclusion criteria included: 1) men (cis or transgender) and transgender women between 18–35 years old; 2) ability and willingness to provide written informed consent in local language; 3) HIV- 1/2 uninfected at Screening and Enrollment; 4) ability and willingness to provide adequate contact and location information; 5... | PMC10096248 |
Screening, enrollment and retention | genital/reproductive tract infections | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS, URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS | Participants were screened for eligibility prior to enrolling in the study. All enrolled participants provided written informed consent. Participants returned to the clinic within the 45-day screening window where they completed administrative, behavioral, clinical, and laboratory procedures. Additionally, clinical res... | PMC10096248 |
Randomization sequence order. | Participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1:1:1:1 ratio to one of six study product application sequences (A-F), with the randomization configuration based on permuted blocks, to keep the allocation balanced. The randomization scheme, including enrollment of replacement participants, was generated and maintained by ... | PMC10096248 | ||
Study procedures | Each participant received placebo inserts, placebo suppositories, and placebo (water) enema bottles for pericoital rectal administration (see | PMC10096248 | ||
MTN-035 placebo study products. | The products were administered in order of the assigned sequence and prior to each respective product use period. Participants were instructed to use one dose of the assigned study product between 30 minutes and 3 hours prior to RAI, following their usual pre-RAI practices, and not to use more than one product dose in ... | PMC10096248 | ||
MTN-035 study schema. | VAGINA | After an approximately 7-day washout period following study product use periods, participants returned to the clinic to complete Visits 4 and 6. At these visits, participants completed study procedures, including pharyngeal, urine, blood, pelvic (individuals with a vagina or neovagina), and anorectal tests, if indicate... | PMC10096248 | |
Primary safety endpoint | AIDS | ADVERSE EVENTS, ADVERSE EVENT, AIDS, MAY | Our primary safety endpoint was defined as the presence of a Grade 2 or higher related adverse events (AEs) as defined by the Division of AIDS Table for Grading the Severity of Adult and Pediatric Adverse Events, Corrected Version 2.1, July 2017 and Addenda 1, 2 and 3 (Female Genital [Dated November 2007], Male Genital... | PMC10096248 |
Primary acceptability endpoint | Acceptability endpoints were based on participants’ responses to the CASI for each product at their respective product use end visits (Visits 3, 5 and 7). Using a 10-point scale (1 = Very Unlikely; 10 = Very Likely), participants were asked to answer the following question about their most recently used product: “Think... | PMC10096248 | ||
Primary adherence endpoints | enema | Adherence to use of each assigned product, as per-protocol, was based on the number of weeks that a participant missed using an assigned product (0 to 4 weeks), using a given product use end visit CASI assessment: “The following questions refer to your use of the study provided rectal [study product: enema, insert or s... | PMC10096248 | |
Statistical analysis | There is no control group for comparison in this study. The main goal was not to compare between the three different placebo modalities, but to obtain overall rates of acceptability, adherence, and safety of each modality. The selected sample size provides at least 90% power to rule out rates of acceptability or adhere... | PMC10096248 | ||
Results | PMC10096248 | |||
Demographics of enrolled participants | We screened 257 individuals across the seven study sites and enrolled 217 participants in five countries; 40 were not enrolled: 29 were not eligible, five were eligible but did not enroll, and six did not complete their screening (see The mean age was 24.9 years (SD = 4.7), ranging from 18 to 35 years old. Most of the ... | PMC10096248 | ||
Participants’ sociodemographic characteristics, overall and by site. | USA: United States of AmericaParticipants reported having had an average of 3 male partners (SD = 6.35; range: 0–70) in the prior 30 days. Participants’ average total number of RAI occasions during that 30-day period was 4.76 (SD = 8.50; range: 0–100), with an average of 2.57 (SD = 7.74; range: 0–100) condomless RAI oc... | PMC10096248 | ||
Study product use period completion | enema | HIV INFECTION | A study product use period was considered completed if the participant received the study product and completed the scheduled study product use period. Study product use period completion rates were 94% for the insert, 95% for the suppository, and 95% for the enema. Among enrolled participants, 92% exited the study at ... | PMC10096248 |
Primary safety endpoint | There were 204 AEs in the study reported by 98 participants (45% of the total sample; see | PMC10096248 | ||
Number of adverse events (AEs) reported. | Notes. 98 out of the 217 participants reported one or more AEs. | PMC10096248 | ||
Primary acceptability endpoint | The proportion of participants reporting “high acceptability” was for inserts: 72% (95%CI: 65% - 78%), suppositories: 66% (95%CI: 59% - 73%), and enemas: 73% (95%CI: 66% - 79%) (see | PMC10096248 | ||
Acceptability and adherence by study product. | Notes. Estimates exclude missing data for acceptability (Rectal insert (n = 3); Suppository (n = 2); Enema (n = 5)) and adherence (Rectal insert (n = 3); Suppository (n = 3); Enema (n = 2)).From the logistic mixed model (see | PMC10096248 | ||
Primary adherence endpoint | The adherence primary endpoint was evaluated on the per-protocol subset of 202 participants (see As noted in | PMC10096248 | ||
Adherence per-sex-act | enema | Participants in the per-protocol subset reported an average of about 7 sex acts in the 4-week period of product use: insert (M = 7.2; SE = 0.7), suppository (M = 7.7; SE = 0.7), and enema (M = 7.8; SE = 0.8). Among participants who reported at least one sex act during the product use period, the percentages of particip... | PMC10096248 | |
Discussion | enema, flatulence, diarrhea | EVENTS | RMs are needed for individuals with an increased chance of acquiring HIV through RAI, particularly young SGM across the globe [All three administration modalities with placebo products were found to be safe for use, with less than 20% of AEs deemed related to the study products/modalities and only two related events be... | PMC10096248 |
Strengths & limitations | This study had several strengths. First, this is the first study to examine the safety and acceptability of and adherence to these three promising modalities for rectal drug delivery prior to RAI. Examining each product’s use in real life contexts strengthens the social validity of our findings and the potential use fo... | PMC10096248 | ||
Conclusions | HIV infections | HIV INFECTIONS | Advances in biomedical strategies for HIV prevention continue to emerge. Efforts to diversify HIV prevention options will strengthen our ability to reduce new HIV infections among SGM, whether some SGM desire systemic modalities (e.g., daily oral PrEP; PrEP injectables) or prefer topical protection (e.g., RMs). Regardl... | PMC10096248 |
Supporting information | PMC10096248 | |||
CONSORT checklist for MTN-035 trial. | (DOC)Click here for additional data file. | PMC10096248 | ||
MTN-035 protocol. | MITCHELL, BROWN | (PDF)Click here for additional data file.The study team gratefully acknowledges the study participants of MTN-035. We are grateful to the local research teams for their work. We also recognize the contributions of staff across the study sites. In Malawi, we recognize the work of Abigail Mnemba, Alinafe Kamanga, Annie M... | PMC10096248 | |
Introduction | posttraumatic stress disorder, non-affective, traumatic, affective and non-affective paradigms, PTSD | Trauma-focused psychotherapy (TF-psychotherapy) is the frontline treatment of choice for posttraumatic stress disorder, and is recommended in most treatment guidelines for PTSD [One of important lines of enquiry to study mechanisms of change in TF-psychotherapy is understand how neural functioning is associated with sy... | PMC9998447 | |
Materials and methods | PMC9998447 | |||
Participants | abuse, motor vehicle accidents, PTSD, Administered PTSD | RECRUITMENT | Participant recruitment for the study commenced from August 2009 and ended June 2014. Participants were 51 treatment-seeking patients, 36 of whom had viable imaging data at baseline and 27 of these with follow-up MRI data. For this manuscript we include data from the 27 PTSD patients (13 females; age = 40.9 ± 11.8 year... | PMC9998447 |
Treatment protocol | PTSD, trauma | Approximately two weeks after baseline clinical and fMRI testing, participants in the PTSD group began a 9-week TF-psychotherapy treatment protocol administered by a doctoral or masters-level clinical psychologist. Treatment occurred in weekly 60–90 min sessions and was consistent with TF- psychotherapy protocols. Ther... | PMC9998447 | |
Imaging acquisition and data analyses | Functional brain images were collected with a 3.0 T GE Signa HDx scanner (GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, Wisconsin) using an echo planar imaging protocol and an eight-channel head coil and were analyzed using SPM12 (Statistical Parametric Mapping) software on MATLAB2018. Details of MRI acquisition, tasks and pre-processing ... | PMC9998447 | ||
Summary of tasks performed by participants. | PTSD | Each participant performed every task. There was a conscious and nonconscious version of the emotional faces task.First level general linear models were performed for each task and contrast images generated for each task for every participant. We then employed a region of interest (ROI) analysis approach for second lev... | PMC9998447 | |
Results | PMC9998447 | |||
Go/No-go task | There were no significant correlations between change in activation for either of the cognitive control ROIs and CAPS-change scores for both response inhibition contrasts (NoGo-vs-Go and NoGo-vs-baseline). | PMC9998447 | ||
Changes in fMRI activation during the emotional face processing task and cognitive reappraisal task. | PTSD | Columns depict brain regions in which the change in activation during the task from pre-treatment (T1) to post-treatment (T2) significantly correlated with changes in PTSD symptoms. Scatter plots on the second row depict change in signal intensity in the identified region and percentage reduction in PTSD symptoms. Bar ... | PMC9998447 | |
fMRI connectivity changes during the emotional face processing task. | PTSD | Changes in connectivity of the left hippocampus to the left amygdala, pgACC and sgACC, and of the right insula to the left dlPFC, significantly correlated with changes in PTSD symptoms.For the above significant effects, there were no significant differences in changes in activation or connectivity over time between the... | PMC9998447 | |
Cognitive reappraisal Task | PTSD | For the contrast reflecting cognitive reappraisal (Think vs Watch), there was a significant negative correlation between activity change in the left dlPFC and CAPS change scores (As for the emotion processing task, there were no differential effects for changes in left dlPFC activation over time between the PTSD and co... | PMC9998447 | |
Discussion | extinction and cognitive models, PTSD, non-affective | REMISSION, RECRUITMENT, CORTEX | It is notable that across the paradigms employed in this study, the two affective paradigms involved associations between improvement of PTSD symptoms after treatment and changes in neural activity. In contrast, the non-affective paradigm involving response inhibition was not implicated in any associations between symp... | PMC9998447 |
Supplementary information | The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41398-023-02375-9. | PMC9998447 | ||
Acknowledgements | Anxiety | This research was supported by a NHMRC Program Grant (1073041) and a NHMRC Centre for Clinical Research Excellence in Anxiety (1023043). | PMC9998447 | |
Author contributions | MSK, THW | RAB conceptualized the study. MSK and THW performed data analysis. MSK, THW, and RAB wrote the first draft of the manuscript. MSK, KLF, LMW, and RAB contributed to data collection and data management. RAB, KLF, GSM, and LMW contributed to funding acquisition. All authors contributed to interpreting the results and revi... | PMC9998447 | |
Competing interests | The authors declare no competing interests. | PMC9998447 | ||
References | PMC9998447 | |||
Introduction | CLI | CRITICAL LIMB ISCHEMIA | With the advent of newer techniques and growing evidence, endovascular intervention is a frontline treatment strategy for treating below-the-knee (BTK) lesions with critical limb ischemia (CLI) [ | PMC10642822 |
Methods | angioplasty | This randomized clinical trial was conducted in 18 well-experienced tertiary endovascular intervention centers in South Korea to compare the efficacy of SENS implantation to balloon angioplasty alone for BTK lesions following successful balloon angioplasty (SENS-BTK trial). The study was conducted in accordance with th... | PMC10642822 | |
Patient selection and study design | stenotic lesions, peripheral arterial disease, CLI, ischemic rest pain, gangrene | PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE, LIMB ISCHEMIA, ULCERS, GANGRENE, COAGULOPATHY | This trial compared the clinical outcomes of primary stenting and POBA for the treatment of patients with CLI and BTK lesions. Between December 2012 and September 2016, patients with CLI and BTK lesions were enrolled in this prospective, multicenter, randomized trial. Patients were eligible if they had peripheral arter... | PMC10642822 |
Randomization | Eligibility was assessed, and informed consent was obtained by the physicians. Randomization was performed in a 1:1 ratio using a computer-generated randomization sequence so that all patients enrolled in this study were randomized to undergo either SENS implantation (stenting group) or POBA alone (POBA group). For a f... | PMC10642822 | ||
Flow chart. | PMC10642822 | |||
Intervention and antiplatelet regimen | restenosis | RESTENOSIS | All patients were administered loading doses of clopidogrel (300–600 mg) and aspirin (200–300 mg) before the procedure. After sheath insertion at the arterial access site, a bolus dose of unfractionated heparin (70–100 units/kg) was administered. All patients received aspirin (100 mg daily) and clopidogrel (75 mg daily... | PMC10642822 |
Study endpoints | stroke, Death, CLI | MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (MI), RECURRENCE, STROKE, CARDIAC DEATH, SECONDARY | The main study end-point was the target extremity amputation rate of the patient groups at 1 year. Imaging follow-up was intended to be an additional study endpoint. However, patient characteristics and limitations of insurance coverage in South Korea with CLI made routine follow-up with imaging studies difficult. In a... | PMC10642822 |
Statistical analyses | SECONDARY | Data for all endpoints were evaluated using intention-to-treat analysis. All data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. The unpaired Student’s t-test and Mann–Whitney rank test were used to compare continuous variables. Categorical variables were compared using the chi-squared and Fisher’s exact tests. The Kaplan... | PMC10642822 | |
Results | PMC10642822 | |||
Baseline clinical and angiographic characteristics of patients, limbs, and lesions | The baseline clinical and laboratory characteristics are presented in | PMC10642822 | ||
Baseline clinical and laboratory characteristics. | TIA | TIA, TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK | POBA, plain old balloon angioplasty; TIA, transient ischemic attack; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; hs-CRP, high sensitivity c-reactive protein; RAS, renin-angiotensin system. | PMC10642822 |
Baseline clinical characteristics of the patients’ limbs. | POBA, plain old balloon angioplasty; TcPO2, transcutaneous oxygen pressure. | PMC10642822 | ||
Baseline angiographic and clinical characteristics of the patients’ lesions and limbs during procedures. | POBA, plain old balloon angioplasty; PTA, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty; BTK, below-the-knee. | PMC10642822 | ||
One-year clinical outcomes | A clinical investigation was performed on all patients at the 1-year follow-up visit. The 1-year clinical outcomes are presented in | PMC10642822 | ||
The cumulative incidence of target extremity amputation and revascularization up to 1-year by Kaplan-Meier analysis. | PMC10642822 | |||
One-year clinical outcomes. | angioplasty | MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION | POBA, plain old balloon angioplasty; MI, myocardial infarction; TLR, target lesion revascularization; TVR, target vessel revascularization. | PMC10642822 |
Discussion | CLI, iliac artery, amputation, femoral artery lesions, claudication, arterial disease, restenosis, ulcer, diabetes | RECURRENCE, EVENT, ARTERIAL DISEASE, RESTENOSIS, ULCER, DIABETES | The main findings of this study were as follows. In patients with CLI with a BTK lesion undergoing an intervention, (1) clinical outcomes, including amputation and cardiovascular event rates, were similar between the primary stenting and POBA groups; (2) amputation and revascularization rates were relatively low in bot... | PMC10642822 |
Conclusions | CLI | ADVERSE EVENTS | In this prospective randomized multicenter study, during the 1-year follow-up, primary stenting with SENS and POBA alone demonstrated a significantly low rate of clinical adverse events in treating patients with CLI and BTK lesions. These results indicate that POBA may be an acceptable option in treating CLI with BTK l... | PMC10642822 |
Supporting information | PMC10642822 | |||
Reporting checklist for randomised trial. | (DOCX)Click here for additional data file. | PMC10642822 | ||
SENS-BTK prospective clinical study protocol. | (DOC)Click here for additional data file.The authors are grateful for the contributions of all the investigators. | PMC10642822 | ||
References | PMC10642822 | |||
Background | toxicity, ESCC | OESOPHAGEAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA | Two cycles of neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade plus chemotherapy induced favorable pathological response and tolerant toxicity in patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, approximately 25% of patients relapsed within 1 year after surgery, indicating that a short course of treatment ma... | PMC10290378 |
Methods | ESCC | Locally advanced ESCC patients were administered three cycles of camrelizumab plus nab-paclitaxel and capecitabine, followed by thoracoscopic esophagectomy. The primary endpoint was pathologic response. Secondary endpoints included safety, feasibility, radiologic response, survival outcomes, and immunologic/genomic cor... | PMC10290378 | |
Results | Forty-seven patients were enrolled in the study. Forty-two patients received surgery, and R0 resection was achieved in all cases. The complete and major pathological response rates were 33.3% and 64.3%, respectively, and the objective response rate was 80.0%. Three cycles of treatment significantly improved T down-stag... | PMC10290378 | ||
Supplementary Information | The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-023-04273-6. | PMC10290378 | ||
Keywords | PMC10290378 | |||
Background | death, toxicity, cancer, ESCC, Esophageal cancer | ESOPHAGEAL CANCER, MALIGNANT TUMOR, CANCER | Esophageal cancer (EC) is the seventh most common malignant tumor and the sixth leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide [Neoadjuvant therapy could increase the rate of R0 resection and improve survival compared with surgery alone [As a newcomer to cancer treatment, programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) blockade-ba... | PMC10290378 |
Methods | PMC10290378 | |||
Participants | ESCC | PRIMARY TUMORS, LYMPH NODE METASTASES, SECONDARY, ONCOLOGY, METASTASES | In this single-center, single-arm, phase II trial, camrelizumab was combined with chemotherapy followed by surgery for locally advanced ESCC. Inclusion criteria were (1) stage II or III locally advanced resectable ESCC diagnosed before enrollment (2) no distant organ metastases or cervical lymph node metastases prior t... | PMC10290378 |
Procedure | Tumors, tumor, death, cardia | TUMOR, RECURRENCE, DISEASE, TUMORS, REGRESSION | Participants were administered three cycles of chemotherapy and PD-1 blockade. For each cycle of treatment, patients were intravenously administered a flat dose of camrelizumab (200 mg) along with a single dose of nab-paclitaxel (260 mg/mIn approximately four to six weeks after the last course of neoadjuvant therapy, a... | PMC10290378 |
Outcome | SECONDARY | The primary endpoint of the study was pCR. The secondary endpoints included safety, feasibility, MPR, radiologic response, DFS, and OS. | PMC10290378 | |
Exploratory analysis | tumor, PD-L1-positive tumor | CPS, TUMOR | Pretreatment tumor biopsy was obtained using EUS for biomarker analysis, including programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). PD-L1 expression was assessed using the PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx assay (Agilent Technologies). The combined positiv... | PMC10290378 |
Statistical analyses | This study applied superiority designs with the primary endpoint of pCR. According to previous studies, the pCR rate of chemotherapy is hypothesized to be 15% [ | PMC10290378 | ||
Results | PMC10290378 | |||
Treatment exposure | myocarditis | MYOCARDITIS | Of the 47 patients, 45 (95.7%) received three cycles of immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy, and two patients (4.3%) discontinued treatment after the second cycle for immune-related myocarditis (n = 1) and informed consent withdrawal (n = 1). Forty-two patients (89.4%) completed surgery as planned. The reasons for... | PMC10290378 |
Safety | Cancer | ADVERSE EVENTS, ADVERSE EVENT, CANCER | Neoadjuvant camrelizumab plus nab-paclitaxel and capecitabine did not cause any previously unreported TRAEs (Table Summary of treatment-related adverse eventsAll adverse events were reported according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 5.0 | PMC10290378 |
Surgery | death, anastomotic leakage, intraoperative bleeding, chylothorax | ADVERSE EVENTS, CHYLOTHORAX, INTRAOPERATIVE BLEEDING | Among 42 patients who underwent surgery, the mean time from the last dose of neoadjuvant therapy to surgery was 4.3 ± 1.0 weeks. R0 resection was completed in all cases, which took 255.3 ± 8.69 min on average. The intraoperative bleeding volume was 145.4 ± 52.8 ml. The mean number of lymph node dissections was 47.7 ± 2... | PMC10290378 |
Radiography and pathological responses | PD, tumor, SD, fibrosis | TUMOR, PRIMARY TUMOR, RESIDUAL TUMOR, DISEASE, FIBROSIS, REGRESSION, INFILTRATED | After three cycles of neoadjuvant treatment, three patients achieved complete response (CR), 33 had a partial response (PR), and nine had stable disease (SD), according to RECIST 1.1. No patients developed progressive disease (PD). The objective response rate (ORR) was 80.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 65.4–90.4%) (... | PMC10290378 |
Efficacy and safety of two and three cycles of neoadjuvant treatment | CT and safety assessments were conducted before the initiation of treatment and after the second and third courses of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy to compare the efficacy and safety of two and three treatment cycles. Of the 45 patients who had received three cycles of neoadjuvant treatment, two and three courses of t... | PMC10290378 | ||
Survival | MAY | The median follow-up was 24.3 months (range, 6.1–34.3 months) (database cutoff: May 12, 2023). The 1-year DFS and OS rates of the patients who received surgery were both 97.6%, and the 2-year DFS and OS rates were 92.3% and 97.6%, respectively. (Fig. Survival of the patients who received surgery. | PMC10290378 | |
Biomarker analyses | tumor | CPS, TUMOR, TUMOR STROMAL, SOLID TUMORS | PD-L1 expression in pretreatment biopsies was measured in 34 patients. Four of 11 pCR and four of 23 non-pCR patients had a CPS of ≥ 1. No significant difference in PD-L1 expression was found between the pCR and non-pCR cases (TMB is a biomarker for immunotherapy efficacy in multiple solid tumors. A total of 30 cases h... | PMC10290378 |
Discussion | toxicity, cancers, ESCC, tumor | METASTASIS, CANCERS, RECURRENCE, TUMOR | In this phase II trial conducted in 47 patients with locally advanced ESCC, the pCR and MPR were 33.3% and 64.3%, respectively, and the ORR was 80.0%. Forty-two patients received surgery, and R0 resection was achieved in 100% of patients having undergone surgery. Three treatment cycles elicited a significantly higher r... | PMC10290378 |
Acknowledgements | The authors would like to acknowledge all patients participating in the study. We would also like to thank 3D Medicines, Inc. for conducting NGS and mIF analysis. | PMC10290378 | ||
Author contributions | TB, MH | GY: Conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, investigation, methodology, software, visualization, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing. XS, GL: Conceptualization, Data curation, formal analysis, investigation, methodology, software, visualization, writing—review and editing. ZW: Investigation, m... | PMC10290378 |
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